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Yao Z, Bai L, Dou K, Nie Y. Identifying Cardiomyocyte Ploidy With Nuclear Area and Volume. Circulation 2024; 149:1540-1542. [PMID: 38709842 PMCID: PMC11081470 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Z.Y., L.B., K.D., Y.N.)
| | - Lina Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Z.Y., L.B., K.D., Y.N.)
| | - Kefei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Z.Y., L.B., K.D., Y.N.)
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Z.Y., L.B., K.D., Y.N.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China (Y.N.)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China (Y.N.)
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2
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Buddell T, Purdy AL, Patterson M. The genetics of cardiomyocyte polyploidy. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:245-295. [PMID: 38556425 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of ploidy in cardiomyocytes is a complex and tightly regulated aspect of cardiac development and function. Cardiomyocyte ploidy can range from diploid (2N) to 8N or even 16N, and these states change during key stages of development and disease progression. Polyploidization has been associated with cellular hypertrophy to support normal growth of the heart, increased contractile capacity, and improved stress tolerance in the heart. Conversely, alterations to ploidy also occur during cardiac pathogenesis of diseases, such as ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure and arrhythmia. Therefore, understanding which genes control and modulate cardiomyocyte ploidy may provide mechanistic insight underlying cardiac growth, regeneration, and disease. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge regarding the genes involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte ploidy. We discuss genes that have been directly tested for their role in cardiomyocyte polyploidization, as well as methodologies used to identify ploidy alterations. These genes encode cell cycle regulators, transcription factors, metabolic proteins, nuclear scaffolding, and components of the sarcomere, among others. The general physiological and pathological phenotypes in the heart associated with the genetic manipulations described, and how they coincide with the respective cardiomyocyte ploidy alterations, are further discussed in this chapter. In addition to being candidates for genetic-based therapies for various cardiac maladies, these genes and their functions provide insightful evidence regarding the purpose of widespread polyploidization in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Buddell
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexandra L Purdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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3
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Beisaw A, Wu CC. Cardiomyocyte maturation and its reversal during cardiac regeneration. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:8-27. [PMID: 36502296 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes, the lost myocardium is not replenished efficiently and is replaced by a fibrotic scar, which eventually leads to heart failure. Current therapies to cure or delay the progression of heart failure are limited; hence, there is a pressing need for regenerative approaches to support the failing heart. Cardiomyocytes undergo a series of transcriptional, structural, and metabolic changes after birth (collectively termed maturation), which is critical for their contractile function but limits the regenerative capacity of the heart. In regenerative organisms, cardiomyocytes revert from their terminally differentiated state into a less mature state (ie, dedifferentiation) to allow for proliferation and regeneration to occur. Importantly, stimulating adult cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation has been shown to promote morphological and functional improvement after myocardial infarction, further highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation in heart regeneration. Here, we review several hallmarks of cardiomyocyte maturation, and summarize how their reversal facilitates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. A detailed understanding of how cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is regulated will provide insights into therapeutic options to promote cardiomyocyte de-maturation and proliferation, and ultimately heart regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica Beisaw
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chi-Chung Wu
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Huang H, Huang GN, Payumo AY. Two decades of heart regeneration research: Cardiomyocyte proliferation and beyond. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1629. [PMID: 37700522 PMCID: PMC10840678 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Interest in vertebrate cardiac regeneration has exploded over the past two decades since the discovery that adult zebrafish are capable of complete heart regeneration, contrasting the limited regenerative potential typically observed in adult mammalian hearts. Undercovering the mechanisms that both support and limit cardiac regeneration across the animal kingdom may provide unique insights in how we may unlock this capacity in adult humans. In this review, we discuss key discoveries in the heart regeneration field over the last 20 years. Initially, seminal findings revealed that pre-existing cardiomyocytes are the major source of regenerated cardiac muscle, drawing interest into the intrinsic mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Moreover, recent studies have identified the importance of intercellular interactions and physiological adaptations, which highlight the vast complexity of the cardiac regenerative process. Finally, we compare strategies that have been tested to increase the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Guo N. Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Payumo
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
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5
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Saleem F, Mansour H, Vichare R, Ayalasomayajula Y, Yassine J, Hesaraghatta A, Panguluri SK. Influence of Age on Hyperoxia-Induced Cardiac Pathophysiology in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Mouse Model. Cells 2023; 12:1457. [PMID: 37296578 PMCID: PMC10252211 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation often results in hyperoxia, a condition characterized by excess SpO2 levels (>96%). Hyperoxia results in changes in the physiological parameters, severe cardiac remodeling, arrhythmia development, and alteration of cardiac ion channels, all of which can point toward a gradual increase in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study extends the analysis of our prior work in young Akita mice, which demonstrated that exposure to hyperoxia worsens cardiac outcomes in a type 1 diabetic murine model as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Age is an independent risk factor, and when present with a major comorbidity, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), it can further exacerbate cardiac outcomes. Thus, this research subjected aged T1D Akita mice to clinical hyperoxia and analyzed the cardiac outcomes. Overall, aged Akita mice (60 to 68 weeks) had preexisting cardiac challenges compared to young Akita mice. Aged mice were overweight, had an increased cardiac cross-sectional area, and showed prolonged QTc and JT intervals, which are proposed as major risk factors for CVD like intraventricular arrhythmias. Additionally, exposure to hyperoxia resulted in severe cardiac remodeling and a decrease in Kv 4.2 and KChIP2 cardiac potassium channels in these rodents. Based on sex-specific differences, aged male Akita mice had a higher risk of poor cardiac outcomes than aged females. Aged male Akita mice had prolonged RR, QTc, and JT intervals even at baseline normoxic exposure. Moreover, they were not protected against hyperoxic stress through adaptive cardiac hypertrophy, which, at least to some extent, is due to reduced cardiac androgen receptors. This study in aged Akita mice aims to draw attention to the clinically important yet understudied subject of the effect of hyperoxia on cardiac parameters in the presence of preexisting comorbidities. The findings would help revise the provision of care for older T1D patients admitted to ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hussein Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Riddhi Vichare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yashwant Ayalasomayajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jenna Yassine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anagha Hesaraghatta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Siva Kumar Panguluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Watanabe H, Tao G, Gan P, Westbury BC, Cox KD, Tjen K, Song R, Fishman GI, Makita T, Sucov HM. Purkinje Cardiomyocytes of the Adult Ventricular Conduction System Are Highly Diploid but Not Uniquely Regenerative. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040161. [PMID: 37103040 PMCID: PMC10140853 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hearts are characterized by inefficient regeneration after injury, thus, the features that support or prevent cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation are important to clarify. Diploid CMs are a candidate cell type that may have unique proliferative and regenerative competence, but no molecular markers are yet known that selectively identify all or subpopulations of diploid CMs. Here, using the conduction system expression marker Cntn2-GFP and the conduction system lineage marker Etv1CreERT2, we demonstrate that Purkinje CMs that comprise the adult ventricular conduction system are disproportionately diploid (33%, vs. 4% of bulk ventricular CMs). These, however, represent only a small proportion (3%) of the total diploid CM population. Using EdU incorporation during the first postnatal week, we demonstrate that bulk diploid CMs found in the later heart enter and complete the cell cycle during the neonatal period. In contrast, a significant fraction of conduction CMs persist as diploid cells from fetal life and avoid neonatal cell cycle activity. Despite their high degree of diploidy, the Purkinje lineage had no enhanced competence to support regeneration after adult heart infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peiheng Gan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Baylee C Westbury
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kristie D Cox
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelsey Tjen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ruolan Song
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Glenn I Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Takako Makita
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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7
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Vichare R, Saleem F, Mansour H, Bojkovic K, Cheng F, Biswal M, Panguluri SK. Impact of age and sex on hyperoxia-induced cardiovascular pathophysiology. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 208:111727. [PMID: 36075315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxia is characterized by pronounced inflammatory responses, pulmonary cell apoptosis, and adverse cardiac remodeling due to an excess supply of oxygen. Hyperoxic episodes are frequent in mechanically ventilated patients and are associated with in-hospital mortality. This study extends the analysis of prior published research by our group as it investigates the influence of age in male and female rodents exposed to hyperoxic conditions. Age is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, often compounded by variables like obesity, diabetes, and a decline in sex hormones and their receptors. This study simulates clinical hyperoxia by subjecting rodents to > 90 % of oxygen for 72 h and compares the changes in cardiac structural and functional parameters with those exposed to normal air. While in both sexes conduction abnormalities with ageing were discernible, aged females owing to their inherent higher baseline QTc, were at a higher risk of developing arrhythmias as compared to age-matched males. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis reflected altered expression of cardiac potassium channels, resulting in conduction abnormalities in aged female rodents. Unaffected by age and sex, hyperoxia-treated mice had altered body composition, as evidenced by a considerable reduction in body weight. Interestingly, compensatory hypertrophy observed as a protective mechanism in young males was absent in aged males, whereas protection of hearts from hyperoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy was absent in aged female mice, both of which may be at least in part due to a reduction in sex steroid receptors and the systemic steroid levels. Finally, statistical analysis revealed that hyperoxia had the greatest impact on most of the cardiac parameters, followed by age and then sex. This data established an imperative finding that can change the provision of care for aged individuals admitted to ICU by elucidating the impact of intrinsic aging on hyperoxia-induced cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Vichare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Faizan Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hussein Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Katarina Bojkovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Manas Biswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA; College of Medicine Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Siva Kumar Panguluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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8
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Marti Gutierrez N, Mikhalchenko A, Ma H, Koski A, Li Y, Van Dyken C, Tippner-Hedges R, Yoon D, Liang D, Hayama T, Battaglia D, Kang E, Lee Y, Barnes AP, Amato P, Mitalipov S. Horizontal mtDNA transfer between cells is common during mouse development. iScience 2022; 25:103901. [PMID: 35243258 PMCID: PMC8873606 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells transmit their genomes vertically to daughter cells during cell divisions. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence and extent of horizontal mitochondrial (mt)DNA acquisition between cells that are not in a parent-offspring relationship. Extensive single-cell sequencing from various tissues and organs of adult chimeric mice composed of cells carrying distinct mtDNA haplotypes showed that a substantial fraction of individual cardiomyocytes, neurons, glia, intestinal, and spleen cells captured donor mtDNA at high levels. In addition, chimeras composed of cells with wild-type and mutant mtDNA exhibited increased trafficking of wild-type mtDNA to mutant cells, suggesting that horizontal mtDNA transfer may be a compensatory mechanism to restore compromised mitochondrial function. These findings establish the groundwork for further investigations to identify mtDNA donor cells and mechanisms of transfer that could be critical to the development of novel gene therapies. Individual cells in adult mouse chimeras acquire donor mtDNA horizontally Significant percentage of cardiomyocytes, neurons, and glia were heteroplasmic Donor mtDNA heteroplasmy in these cells can reach up to 50% Pathogenic mtDNA mutations may potentiate horizontal acquisition of wild-type mtDNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Marti Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aleksei Mikhalchenko
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rebecca Tippner-Hedges
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Yoon
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Battaglia
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Eunju Kang
- Stem Cell Center & Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Stem Cell Center & Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Anthony Paul Barnes
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paula Amato
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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9
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Ganassi M, Zammit PS. Involvement of muscle satellite cell dysfunction in neuromuscular disorders: Expanding the portfolio of satellite cell-opathies. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32:10064. [PMID: 35302338 PMCID: PMC8992676 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders are a heterogeneous group of acquired or hereditary conditions that affect striated muscle function. The resulting decrease in muscle strength and motility irreversibly impacts quality of life. In addition to directly affecting skeletal muscle, pathogenesis can also arise from dysfunctional crosstalk between nerves and muscles, and may include cardiac impairment. Muscular weakness is often progressive and paralleled by continuous decline in the ability of skeletal muscle to functionally adapt and regenerate. Normally, the skeletal muscle resident stem cells, named satellite cells, ensure tissue homeostasis by providing myoblasts for growth, maintenance, repair and regeneration. We recently defined 'Satellite Cell-opathies' as those inherited neuromuscular conditions presenting satellite cell dysfunction in muscular dystrophies and myopathies (doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906). Here, we expand the portfolio of Satellite Cell-opathies by evaluating the potential impairment of satellite cell function across all 16 categories of neuromuscular disorders, including those with mainly neurogenic and cardiac involvement. We explore the expression dynamics of myopathogenes, genes whose mutation leads to skeletal muscle pathogenesis, using transcriptomic analysis. This revealed that 45% of myopathogenes are differentially expressed during early satellite cell activation (0 - 5 hours). Of these 271 myopathogenes, 83 respond to Pax7, a master regulator of satellite cells. Our analysis suggests possible perturbation of satellite cell function in many neuromuscular disorders across all categories, including those where skeletal muscle pathology is not predominant. This characterisation further aids understanding of pathomechanisms and informs on development of prognostic and diagnostic tools, and ultimately, new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, London.
| | - Peter S Zammit
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, London.
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10
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Kirillova A, Han L, Liu H, Kühn B. Polyploid cardiomyocytes: implications for heart regeneration. Development 2021; 148:271050. [PMID: 34897388 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Terminally differentiated cells are generally thought to have arrived at their final form and function. Many terminally differentiated cell types are polyploid, i.e. they have multiple copies of the normally diploid genome. Mammalian heart muscle cells, termed cardiomyocytes, are one such example of polyploid cells. Terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes are bi- or multi-nucleated, or have polyploid nuclei. Recent mechanistic studies of polyploid cardiomyocytes indicate that they can limit cellular proliferation and, hence, heart regeneration. In this short Spotlight, we present the mechanisms generating bi- and multi-nucleated cardiomyocytes, and the mechanisms generating polyploid nuclei. Our aim is to develop hypotheses about how these mechanisms might relate to cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration. We also discuss how these new findings could be applied to advance cardiac regeneration research, and how they relate to studies of other polyploid cells, such as cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kirillova
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Honghai Liu
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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