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Wang T, Shao J, Kumar S, Alnouri MW, Carvalho J, Günther S, Krasel C, Murphy KT, Bünemann M, Offermanns S, Wettschureck N. Orphan GPCR GPRC5C Facilitates Angiotensin II-Induced Smooth Muscle Contraction. Circ Res 2024; 134:1259-1275. [PMID: 38597112 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) play a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility, but the function of SMC-expressed orphan GPCR class C group 5 member C (GPRC5C) is unclear. The aim of this project is to define the role of GPRC5C in SMC in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We studied the role of GPRC5C in the regulation of SMC contractility and differentiation in human and murine SMC in vitro, as well as in tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice under basal conditions and in vascular disease in vivo. RESULTS Mesenteric arteries from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice showed ex vivo significantly reduced angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent calcium mobilization and contraction, whereas responses to other relaxant or contractile factors were normal. In vitro, the knockdown of GPRC5C in human aortic SMC resulted in diminished Ang II-dependent inositol phosphate production and lower myosin light chain phosphorylation. In line with this, tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice showed reduced Ang II-induced arterial hypertension, and acute inactivation of GPRC5C was able to ameliorate established arterial hypertension. Mechanistically, we show that GPRC5C and the Ang II receptor AT1 dimerize, and knockdown of GPRC5C resulted in reduced binding of Ang II to AT1 receptors in HEK293 cells, human and murine SMC, and arteries from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that GPRC5C regulates Ang II-dependent vascular contraction by facilitating AT1 receptor-ligand binding and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shamit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mohammad Wessam Alnouri
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jorge Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform (S.G.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany (C.K., M.B.)
| | - Kate T Murphy
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.T.M.)
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany (C.K., M.B.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
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Passchier EMJ, Bisseling Q, Helman G, van Spaendonk RML, Simons C, Olsthoorn RCL, van der Veen H, Abbink TEM, van der Knaap MS, Min R. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts: a variant update and review of the literature. Front Genet 2024; 15:1352947. [PMID: 38487253 PMCID: PMC10938252 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1352947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The leukodystrophy megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is characterized by infantile-onset macrocephaly and chronic edema of the brain white matter. With delayed onset, patients typically experience motor problems, epilepsy and slow cognitive decline. No treatment is available. Classic MLC is caused by bi-allelic recessive pathogenic variants in MLC1 or GLIALCAM (also called HEPACAM). Heterozygous dominant pathogenic variants in GLIALCAM lead to remitting MLC, where patients show a similar phenotype in early life, followed by normalization of white matter edema and no clinical regression. Rare patients with heterozygous dominant variants in GPRC5B and classic MLC were recently described. In addition, two siblings with bi-allelic recessive variants in AQP4 and remitting MLC have been identified. The last systematic overview of variants linked to MLC dates back to 2006. We provide an updated overview of published and novel variants. We report on genetic variants from 508 patients with MLC as confirmed by MRI diagnosis (258 from our database and 250 extracted from 64 published reports). We describe 151 unique MLC1 variants, 29 GLIALCAM variants, 2 GPRC5B variants and 1 AQP4 variant observed in these MLC patients. We include experiments confirming pathogenicity for some variants, discuss particularly notable variants, and provide an overview of recent scientific and clinical insight in the pathophysiology of MLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. J. Passchier
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Quinty Bisseling
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guy Helman
- Translational Bioinformatics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Cas Simons
- Translational Bioinformatics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Hieke van der Veen
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Truus E. M. Abbink
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjo S. van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Min
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Li S, Shi Y, Yuan S, Ruan J, Pan H, Ma M, Huang G, Ji Q, Zhong Y, Jiang T. Inhibiting the MAPK pathway improves heart failure with preserved ejection fraction induced by salt-sensitive hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115987. [PMID: 38056241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for almost 50% of HF, and hypertension is one of the pathogenies. The MAPK signaling pathway is closely linked to heart failure and hypertension; however, its function in HEpEF resulting from salt-sensitive hypertension is not well understood. In this work, a salt-sensitive hypertension-induced HEpEF model was established based on deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA-salt) hypertension mice. The impact of the MAPK inhibitor (Doramapimod) on HEpEF induced by salt-sensitive hypertension was assessed through various measures, such as blood pressure, transthoracic echocardiography, running distance, and histological analysis, to determine its therapeutic effectiveness on cardiac function. In addition, the effects of high salt on myogenic cells were also evaluated in vitro using qRTPCR. The LV ejection fractions (LVEF) in DOCA-salt hypertension mice were over 50%, indicating that the salt-sensitive hypertension-induced HFpEF model was successful. RNA-seq revealed that the MAPK signaling pathway was upregulated in the HFpEF model compared with the normal mice, accompanied by hypertension, impaired running distance, restricted cardiac function, increased cross-sectional and fibrosis area, and upregulation of heart failure biomarkers, including GAL-3, LDHA and BNP. The application of Doramapimod could improve blood pressure, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis, as well as decrease the aforementioned heart failure biomarkers. The qRTPCR results showed similar findings to these observations. Our findings suggest that the use of a MAPK inhibitor (Doramapimod) could be a potential treatment for salt-sensitive hypertension-induced HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shanshan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Jiangwen Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Honglian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Mengxiao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guoxiu Huang
- Health Management Center, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Guangxi Health Examination Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - You Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
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4
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Iglesias González PA, Valdivieso ÁG, Santa-Coloma TA. The G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A-a phorbol ester and retinoic acid-induced orphan receptor with roles in cancer, inflammation, and immunity. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:465-480. [PMID: 37467514 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
GPRC5A is the first member of a new class of orphan receptors coupled to G proteins, which also includes GPRC5B, GPRC5C, and GPRC5D. Since its cloning and identification in the 1990s, substantial progress has been made in understanding the possible functions of this receptor. GPRC5A has been implicated in a variety of cellular events, such as cytoskeleton reorganization, cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, migration, and survival. It appears to be a central player in different pathological processes, including tumorigenesis, inflammation, immune response, and tissue damage. The levels of GPRC5A expression differ depending on the type of cancer, with increased expression in colon, pancreas, and prostate cancers; decreased expression in lung cancer; and varied results in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the early discovery of GPRC5A as a phorbol ester-induced gene and later as a retinoic acid-induced gene, its regulation, and its participation in important canonical pathways related to numerous types of tumors and inflammatory processes. GPRC5A represents a potential new target for cancer, inflammation, and immunity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Iglesias González
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
| | - Ángel G Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
| | - Tomás A Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
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5
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Li S, Ruan J, Yang Z, Liu L, Jiang T. In silico analysis and verification of critical genes related to vascular calcification in multiple diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1242-1251. [PMID: 37707349 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying a functional molecular therapeutic target of vascular calcification (VC) that will not affect normal osteogenic differentiation is a challenge. To address this aim, we screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different VC conditions, including endothelial-osteogenic transition (EOT) (GSE167962), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and atherosclerosis (AS) (GSE159832). KEGG pathways, protein-protein interactions, and hub genes were also analyzed. The intersecting DEGs among the EOT, CKD, and AS groups were verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in a DOCA-salt hypertension mouse model. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and focal adhesion were enriched in EOT and AS-induced VC. ECM-receptor interaction, PPAR signaling pathway, apelin signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and cholesterol metabolism were enriched in CKD and AS-induced VC. C4b, Cebpa, Lyz2, and Spp1 were also upregulated in EOT, CKD, AS, and hypertension. This study identified promising molecular targets for VC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jiangwen Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Zicong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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6
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He L, Xu Z, Niu X, Li R, Wang F, You Y, Gao J, Zhao L, Shah KM, Fan J, Liu M, Luo J. GPRC5B protects osteoarthritis by regulation of autophagy signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2976-2989. [PMID: 37521864 PMCID: PMC10372909 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. However, current treatment modalities mainly relieve pain and inhibit cartilage degradation, but do not promote cartilage regeneration. In this study, we show that G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member B (GPRC5B), an orphan G-protein-couple receptor, not only inhibits cartilage degradation, but also increases cartilage regeneration and thereby is protective against OA. We observed that Gprc5b deficient chondrocytes had an upregulation of cartilage catabolic gene expression, along with downregulation of anabolic genes in vitro. Furthermore, mice deficient in Gprc5b displayed a more severe OA phenotype in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) induced OA mouse model, with upregulation of cartilage catabolic factors and downregulation of anabolic factors, consistent with our in vitro findings. Overexpression of Gprc5b by lentiviral vectors alleviated the cartilage degeneration in DMM-induced OA mouse model by inhibiting cartilage degradation and promoting regeneration. We also assessed the molecular mechanisms downstream of Gprc5b that may mediate these observed effects and identify the role of protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-autophagy signaling pathway. Thus, we demonstrate an integral role of GPRC5B in OA pathogenesis, and activation of GPRC5B has the potential in preventing the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rong Li
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Fanhua Wang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Yu You
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingduo Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Karan M. Shah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, the Medical School, the University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
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Umbach S, Levin R, Neumann S, Steinmetzer T, Dötsch V, Bernhard F. Transfer mechanism of cell-free synthesized membrane proteins into mammalian cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:906295. [PMID: 35935506 PMCID: PMC9355040 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.906295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiscs are emerging to serve as transfer vectors for the insertion of recombinant membrane proteins into membranes of living cells. In combination with cell-free expression technologies, this novel process opens new perspectives to analyze the effects of even problematic targets such as toxic, hard-to-express, or artificially modified membrane proteins in complex cellular environments of different cell lines. Furthermore, transferred cells must not be genetically engineered and primary cell lines or cancer cells could be implemented as well. We have systematically analyzed the basic parameters of the nanotransfer approach and compared the transfer efficiencies from nanodiscs with that from Salipro particles. The transfer of five membrane proteins was analyzed: the prokaryotic proton pump proteorhodopsin, the human class A family G-protein coupled receptors for endothelin type B, prostacyclin, free fatty acids type 2, and the orphan GPRC5B receptor as a class C family member. The membrane proteins were cell-free synthesized with a detergent-free strategy by their cotranslational insertion into preformed nanoparticles containing defined lipid environments. The purified membrane protein/nanoparticles were then incubated with mammalian cells. We demonstrate that nanodiscs disassemble and only lipids and membrane proteins, not the scaffold protein, are transferred into cell membranes. The process is detectable within minutes, independent of the nanoparticle lipid composition, and the transfer efficiency directly correlates with the membrane protein concentration in the transfer mixture and with the incubation time. Transferred membrane proteins insert in both orientations, N-terminus in and N-terminus out, in the cell membrane, and the ratio can be modulated by engineering. The viability of cells is not notably affected by the transfer procedure, and transferred membrane proteins stay detectable in the cell membrane for up to 3 days. Transferred G-protein coupled receptors retained their functionality in the cell environment as shown by ligand binding, induction of internalization, and specific protein interactions. In comparison to transfection, the cellular membrane protein concentration is better controllable and more uniformly distributed within the analyzed cell population. A further notable difference to transfection is the accumulation of transferred membrane proteins in clusters, presumably determined by microdomain structures in the cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Umbach
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman Levin
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neumann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Frank Bernhard,
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Peng H, Weng L, Lei S, Hou S, Yang S, Li M, Zhao D. Hypoxia-hindered methylation of PTGIS in endometrial stromal cells accelerates endometriosis progression by inducing CD16 - NK-cell differentiation. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:890-905. [PMID: 35781537 PMCID: PMC9356144 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) plays key roles in shaping the immune microenvironment and modulating vasodilation, whereas its contribution to endometriosis (EMs) remains largely unclear. Our study suggested that prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS)-dependent PGI2 signaling was significantly activated in EMs, which was involved in the hypoxic microenvironment of ectopic lesions and deficient methylation status of the PTGIS promoter. Notably, in vitro assays, hypoxia promoted PTGIS expression through DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated DNA methylation deficiency in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs); PTGIS overexpression enhanced the adhesive ability of ESCs and led to elevated PGI2 production, and PGI2 triggered CD16− (encoded by FCGR3, Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIIa) natural killer (NK)-cell differentiation through PGI2 receptor (IP, PTGIR) in an ESC/NK-cell coculture system. Our rodent model experiment suggested that treatment with the PGI2 analog iloprost and adoptive transfer of fcgr3 knockout (fcgr3−/−) NK cells aggravated EMs progression and that genetic ablation of ptgis (ptgis−/−) in ectopic lesions and treatment with the PTGIR antagonist RO1138452 partially rescued this outcome. Thus, our findings identified the contribution of PGI2 to EMs progression via enhancement of the adhesive ability of ESCs and inhibition of the activity of NK cells. We hypothesized that PGI2 is a target for EMs intervention and provide a rationale for studying pharmacological PTGIR inhibition and PTGIS genetic depletion therapies as therapeutic strategies for EMs. Inhibiting the activity of a critical enzyme found overexpressed in endometriosis lesions could lead to novel therapeutics. Endometriosis affects around 10 per cent of women of reproductive age globally, yet the condition is poorly understood. Endometriosis lesions are known to be in a hypoxic, or low oxygen, state. Zhao Dong at Tongji University in Shanghai, China, and co-workers used human tissue samples and mouse models to determine the roles of a metabolite called prostacyclin (PGI2) and its catalytic enzyme (prostacyclin synthase, PTGIS) in endometriosis. PTGIS levels were significantly elevated in hypoxic endometrial cells, triggering the overproduction of PGI2. This PTGIS/PGI2 increase enhanced the adhesiveness of the cells, promoting survival of developing lesions. PGI2 overproduction also triggered abnormal differentiation of a specific group of immune cells called natural killer cells, disrupting the body’s immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lichun Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shating Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuhui Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaoliang Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Fu W, Franchini L, Orlandi C. Comprehensive Spatial Profile of the Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptor GPRC5B Expression in Mouse Brain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:891544. [PMID: 35812210 PMCID: PMC9259939 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.891544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are GPCRs whose endogenous ligands are unknown or still debated. Due to the lack of pharmacological modulators, the physiological function of orphan GPCRs is understudied. However, relevant physiological roles associated with orphan GPCRs have been revealed by analysis of animal models and genome wide association studies illuminating an untapped potential for drug discovery. G Protein Coupled Receptor class C Group 5 Member B (GPRC5B) is among the most expressed GPCRs in the central nervous system. Thus, the expression profiling of GPRC5B is an essential step toward understanding GPRC5B function in health and disease. In this study, we generated new GPRC5B polyclonal antibodies and investigated the expression levels of GPRC5B across different organs and brain regions. We identified high levels of GPRC5B glycosylation both in transfected cells and in mouse brain. Moreover, in situ hybridization imaging analysis indicated that Gprc5b was expressed at the highest level in olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebellum, and pons. To dissect expression within various neuronal populations, we conducted a comprehensive spatial profiling of Gprc5b across excitatory and inhibitory neuronal types in medial prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, hippocampal regions, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Overall, we discovered that GABAergic neurons displayed higher Gprc5b expression levels than glutamatergic neurons in most of the analyzed regions with the important exception of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Overall, the expression analysis of GPRC5B in mouse brain will guide functional studies ultimately positioning GPRC5B in pathophysiological mechanisms and drug discovery.
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Xu W, Nelson-Maney NP, Bálint L, Kwon HB, Davis RB, Dy DCM, Dunleavey JM, St. Croix B, Caron KM. Orphan G-Protein Coupled Receptor GPRC5B Is Critical for Lymphatic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105712. [PMID: 35628521 PMCID: PMC9146384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the molecular signaling pathways that govern the development and growth of lymphatics in the hopes of elucidating promising druggable targets. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently the largest family of membrane receptors targeted by FDA-approved drugs, but there remain many unexplored receptors, including orphan GPCRs with no known biological ligand or physiological function. Thus, we sought to illuminate the cadre of GPCRs expressed at high levels in lymphatic endothelial cells and identified four orphan receptors: GPRC5B, AGDRF5/GPR116, FZD8 and GPR61. Compared to blood endothelial cells, GPRC5B is the most abundant GPCR expressed in cultured human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and in situ RNAscope shows high mRNA levels in lymphatics of mice. Using genetic engineering approaches in both zebrafish and mice, we characterized the function of GPRC5B in lymphatic development. Morphant gprc5b zebrafish exhibited failure of thoracic duct formation, and Gprc5b-/- mice suffered from embryonic hydrops fetalis and hemorrhage associated with subcutaneous edema and blood-filled lymphatic vessels. Compared to Gprc5+/+ littermate controls, Gprc5b-/- embryos exhibited attenuated developmental lymphangiogenesis. During the postnatal period, ~30% of Gprc5b-/- mice were growth-restricted or died prior to weaning, with associated attenuation of postnatal cardiac lymphatic growth. In cultured human primary LECs, expression of GPRC5B is required to maintain cell proliferation and viability. Collectively, we identify a novel role for the lymphatic-enriched orphan GPRC5B receptor in lymphangiogenesis of fish, mice and human cells. Elucidating the roles of orphan GPCRs in lymphatics provides new avenues for discovery of druggable targets to treat lymphatic-related conditions such as lymphedema and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - Nathan P. Nelson-Maney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - László Bálint
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - Hyouk-Bum Kwon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - Reema B. Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - Danielle C. M. Dy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - James M. Dunleavey
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute–Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.D.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Brad St. Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute–Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.D.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Kathleen M. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Huang C, Zhang N, Xiong H, Wang N, Chen Z, Ni Z, Liu X, Lin B, Ge B, Du B, Huang Q. Multi-Omics Analysis for Transcriptional Regulation of Immune-Related Targets Using Epigenetic Data: A New Research Direction. Front Immunol 2022; 12:741634. [PMID: 35046932 PMCID: PMC8761734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, a comprehensive method for exploration of transcriptional regulation has not been well established. We explored a novel pipeline to analyze transcriptional regulation using co-analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). Methods The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) possibly associated with macrophages were further filtered using a reduced-Cox regression model. ATAC-seq profiles were used to map the chromatin accessibility of the GPRC5B promoter region. Pearson analysis was performed to identify the transcription factor (TF) whose expression was correlated with open chromatin regions of GPRC5B promoter. ChIP-seq profiles were obtained to confirm the physical binding of GATA4 and its predicted binding regions. For verification, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and multidimensional database validations were performed. Results The reduced-Cox regression model revealed the prognostic value of GPRC5B. A novel pipeline for TF exploration was proposed. With our novel pipeline, we first identified chr16:19884686-19885185 as a reproducible open chromatin region in the GPRC5B promoter. Thereafter, we confirmed the correlation between GATA4 expression and the accessibility of this region, confirmed its physical binding, and proved in vitro how its overexpression could regulate GPRC5B. GPRC5B was significantly downregulated in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) as seen in 28 patient samples. The correlation between GPRC5B and macrophages in COAD was validated using multiple databases. Conclusion GPRC5B, correlated with macrophages, was a key GPCR affecting COAD prognosis. Further, with our novel pipeline, TF GATA4 was identified as a direct upstream of GPRC5B. This study proposed a novel pipeline for TF exploration and provided a theoretical basis for COAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Zhizhan Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boxu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bujun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Freundt GV, von Samson-Himmelstjerna FA, Nitz JT, Luedde M, Waltenberger J, Wieland T, Frey N, Preusch M, Hippe HJ. The orphan receptor GPRC5B activates pro-inflammatory signaling in the vascular wall via Fyn and NFκB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 592:60-66. [PMID: 35033869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is driven by an inflammatory process of the vascular wall. The novel orphan G-protein coupled receptor 5B of family C (GPRC5B) is involved in drosophila sugar and lipid metabolism as well as mice adipose tissue inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of GPRC5B in the pro-atherogenic mechanisms of hyperglycemia and vascular inflammation. METHODS Immortalized and primary endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used for stimulation with high glucose or different cytokines. Adenoviral- or plasmid-driven GPRC5B overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown were performed in these cells to analyze functional and mechanistic pathways of GPRC5B. RESULTS In ECs and VSMCs, stimulation with high glucose, TNFα or LPS induced a significant upregulation of endogenous GPRC5B mRNA and protein levels. GPRC5B overexpression and knockdown increased and attenuated, respectively, the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 as well as the pro-atherogenic vascular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Furthermore, the expression and activity of the metalloproteinase MMP-9, a component of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, were significantly enhanced by GPRC5B overexpression. Mechanistically, GPRC5B increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and activated NFκB through a direct interaction with the tyrosine kinase Fyn. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that GPRC5B is upregulated in response to high glucose and pro-inflammatory signaling. GPRC5B functionally modulates the inflammatory activity in cells of the vascular wall, suggesting a pro-atherogenic GPRC5B-dependent positive feedback loop via Fyn and NFκB. Thus, GPRC5B warrants further attention as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of vascular inflammation and possibly atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Verena Freundt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Thorge Nitz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, D- 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Maybachstr. 14, D-68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Preusch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Hippe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Tian M, Wu Z, Heng J, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Novel advances in understanding fatty acid-binding G protein-coupled receptors and their roles in controlling energy balance. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:187-199. [PMID: 34027989 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases have been recognized as the main factors that endanger human health worldwide. Most of these metabolic syndromes develop when the energy balance in the body is disrupted. Energy balance depends upon the systemic regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Fatty acid-binding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are widely expressed in various types of tissues and cells involved in energy homeostasis regulation. In this review, the distribution and biological functions of fatty acid-binding GPCRs are summarized, particularly with respect to the gut, pancreas, and adipose tissue. A systematic understanding of the physiological functions of the fatty acid-binding GPCRs involved in energy homeostasis regulation will help in identifying novel pharmacological targets for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- M. Tian, Z. Wu, J. Heng, F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, and the Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wu
- M. Tian, Z. Wu, J. Heng, F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, and the Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Heng
- M. Tian, Z. Wu, J. Heng, F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, and the Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Chen
- M. Tian, Z. Wu, J. Heng, F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, and the Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- M. Tian, Z. Wu, J. Heng, F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. F. Chen, W. Guan, and S. Zhang are with the College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, and the Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Takizawa N, Hironaka T, Mae K, Ueno T, Horii Y, Nagasaka A, Nakaya M. GPRC5B promotes collagen production in myofibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 561:180-186. [PMID: 34023784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a condition characterized by the overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (e.g., collagen) in the myofibroblasts, causing tissue hardening and eventual organ dysfunction. Currently, the molecular mechanisms that regulate ECM production in the myofibroblasts are still obscure. In this study, we investigated the function of GPRC5B in the cardiac and lung myofibroblasts using real-time RT-PCR and siRNA-mediated knockdown. We discovered a significantly high expression of Gprc5b in the tissues of the fibrosis mice models and confirmed that Gprc5b was consistently expressed in the myofibroblasts of fibrotic hearts and lungs. We also found that Gprc5b expression was associated and may be dependent on the actin-MRTF-SRF signaling pathway. Notably, we observed that Gprc5b knockdown reduced the expression of collagen genes in the cardiac and lung myofibroblasts. Therefore, our findings reveal that GPRC5B enhances collagen production in the myofibroblasts, which directly promotes fibrosis in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noburo Takizawa
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Hironaka
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Mae
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuma Horii
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiomi Nagasaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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15
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Liu J, Jiang C, Xu C, Wang D, Shen Y, Liu Y, Gu L. Identification and development of a novel invasion-related gene signature for prognosis prediction in colon adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:101. [PMID: 33579281 PMCID: PMC7881672 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall survival of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains poor, so it is important to explore the mechanisms of metastasis and invasion. This study aimed to identify invasion-related genetic markers for prognosis prediction in patients with COAD. Three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) were obtained based on 97 metastasis-related genes in 365 COAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 983 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the different subtypes by using the limma package. A 6-gene signature (ITLN1, HOXD9, TSPAN11, GPRC5B, TIMP1, and CXCL13) was constructed via Lasso-Cox analysis. The signature showed strong robustness and could be used in the training, testing, and external validation (GSE17537) cohorts with stable predictive efficiency. Compared with other published signatures, our model showed better performance in predicting outcomes. Pan-cancer expression analysis results showed that ITLN1, TSPAN11, CXCL13, and GPRC5B were downregulated and TIMP1 was upregulated in most tumor samples, including COAD, which was consistent with the results of the TCGA and GEO cohorts. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate protein expression. Tumor immune infiltration analysis results showed that TSPAN11, GPRC5B, TIMP1, and CXCL13 protein levels were significantly positively correlated with CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Further, the TIMP1 and CXCL13 proteins were significantly related to the tumor immune infiltration of CD8+ T cells. We recommend using our signature as a molecular prognostic classifier to assess the prognostic risk of patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguang Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Hariharan A, Weir N, Robertson C, He L, Betsholtz C, Longden TA. The Ion Channel and GPCR Toolkit of Brain Capillary Pericytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:601324. [PMID: 33390906 PMCID: PMC7775489 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.601324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain pericytes reside on the abluminal surface of capillaries, and their processes cover ~90% of the length of the capillary bed. These cells were first described almost 150 years ago (Eberth, 1871; Rouget, 1873) and have been the subject of intense experimental scrutiny in recent years, but their physiological roles remain uncertain and little is known of the complement of signaling elements that they employ to carry out their functions. In this review, we synthesize functional data with single-cell RNAseq screens to explore the ion channel and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) toolkit of mesh and thin-strand pericytes of the brain, with the aim of providing a framework for deeper explorations of the molecular mechanisms that govern pericyte physiology. We argue that their complement of channels and receptors ideally positions capillary pericytes to play a central role in adapting blood flow to meet the challenge of satisfying neuronal energy requirements from deep within the capillary bed, by enabling dynamic regulation of their membrane potential to influence the electrical output of the cell. In particular, we outline how genetic and functional evidence suggest an important role for Gs-coupled GPCRs and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in this context. We put forth a predictive model for long-range hyperpolarizing electrical signaling from pericytes to upstream arterioles, and detail the TRP and Ca2+ channels and Gq, Gi/o, and G12/13 signaling processes that counterbalance this. We underscore critical questions that need to be addressed to further advance our understanding of the signaling topology of capillary pericytes, and how this contributes to their physiological roles and their dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hariharan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nick Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colin Robertson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liqun He
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet & Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Watkins LR, Orlandi C. Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptors in Affective Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E694. [PMID: 32599826 PMCID: PMC7349732 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the main mediators of signal transduction in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that many GPCRs have long been investigated for their role in the development of anxiety and mood disorders, as well as in the mechanism of action of antidepressant therapies. Importantly, the endogenous ligands for a large group of GPCRs have not yet been identified and are therefore known as orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs). Nonetheless, growing evidence from animal studies, together with genome wide association studies (GWAS) and post-mortem transcriptomic analysis in patients, pointed at many oGPCRs as potential pharmacological targets. Among these discoveries, we summarize in this review how emotional behaviors are modulated by the following oGPCRs: ADGRB2 (BAI2), ADGRG1 (GPR56), GPR3, GPR26, GPR37, GPR50, GPR52, GPR61, GPR62, GPR88, GPR135, GPR158, and GPRC5B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
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