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Abubakar M, Hajjaj M, Naqvi ZEZ, Shanawaz H, Naeem A, Padakanti SSN, Bellitieri C, Ramar R, Gandhi F, Saleem A, Abdul Khader AHS, Faraz MA. Non-Coding RNA-Mediated Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Disorders: Current Insights and Future Directions. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:739-767. [PMID: 38092987 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant burden on global health. Developing effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic indicators for CVDs is critical. This narrative review explores the role of select non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and provides an in-depth exploration of the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in different aspects of CVDs, offering insights into their mechanisms and potential clinical implications. The review also sheds light on the diverse functions of ncRNAs, including their modulation of gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways. It comprehensively analyzes the interplay between ncRNAs and cardiovascular health, paving the way for potential novel interventions. Finally, the review provides insights into the methodologies used to investigate ncRNA-mediated gene regulation in CVDs, as well as the implications and challenges associated with translating ncRNA research into clinical applications. Considering the broader implications, this research opens avenues for interdisciplinary collaborations, enhancing our understanding of CVDs across scientific disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsin Hajjaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zil E Zehra Naqvi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hameed Shanawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Ammara Naeem
- Department of Cardiology, Heart & Vascular Institute, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Rajasekar Ramar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fenil Gandhi
- Department of Family Medicine, Lower Bucks Hospital, Bristol, PA, USA
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ahmad Faraz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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2
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Mably JD, Wang DZ. Long non-coding RNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: functions, mechanisms and clinical prospects. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:326-345. [PMID: 37985696 PMCID: PMC11031336 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The surge in reports describing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has focused attention on their possible biological roles and effects on development and disease. ncRNAs have been touted as previously uncharacterized regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, possibly working to fine-tune these functions. The sheer number of ncRNAs identified has outpaced the capacity to characterize each molecule thoroughly and to reliably establish its clinical relevance; it has, nonetheless, created excitement about their potential as molecular targets for novel therapeutic approaches to treat human disease. In this Review, we focus on one category of ncRNAs - long non-coding RNAs - and their expression, functions and molecular mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We further discuss the prospects for this specific class of ncRNAs as novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Mably
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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3
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Tao Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Yang X, Mu H. Alternative splicing and related RNA binding proteins in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:26. [PMID: 38302461 PMCID: PMC10835012 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) serves as a pivotal mechanism in transcriptional regulation, engendering transcript diversity, and modifications in protein structure and functionality. Across varying tissues, developmental stages, or under specific conditions, AS gives rise to distinct splice isoforms. This implies that these isoforms possess unique temporal and spatial roles, thereby associating AS with standard biological activities and diseases. Among these, AS-related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play an instrumental role in regulating alternative splicing events. Under physiological conditions, the diversity of proteins mediated by AS influences the structure, function, interaction, and localization of proteins, thereby participating in the differentiation and development of an array of tissues and organs. Under pathological conditions, alterations in AS are linked with various diseases, particularly cancer. These changes can lead to modifications in gene splicing patterns, culminating in changes or loss of protein functionality. For instance, in cancer, abnormalities in AS and RBPs may result in aberrant expression of cancer-associated genes, thereby promoting the onset and progression of tumors. AS and RBPs are also associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, the study of AS across different tissues holds significant value. This review provides a detailed account of the recent advancements in the study of alternative splicing and AS-related RNA-binding proteins in tissue development and diseases, which aids in deepening the understanding of gene expression complexity and offers new insights and methodologies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200000, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 200000, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200000, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200000, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 200000, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200000, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 200000, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200000, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 200000, Shanghai, China.
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Tran T, Cruz C, Chan A, Awad S, Rajasingh J, Deth R, Gurusamy N. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Long Noncoding RNAs in Cardiac Injury and Repair. Cells 2023; 12:2268. [PMID: 37759491 PMCID: PMC10527806 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac injury, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, remains a significant global health burden. The limited regenerative capacity of the adult heart poses a challenge for restoring its function after injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for cardiac regeneration due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and secrete bioactive molecules. In recent years, attention has been given to noncoding RNAs derived from MSCs, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their potential role in cardiac injury and repair. LncRNAs are RNA molecules that do not encode proteins but play critical roles in gene regulation and cellular responses including cardiac repair and regeneration. This review focused on MSC-derived lncRNAs and their implications in cardiac regeneration, including their effects on cardiac function, myocardial remodeling, cardiomyocyte injury, and angiogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of MSC-derived lncRNAs in cardiac injury and repair may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the potential of MSC-derived lncRNAs and address the challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talan Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Claudia Cruz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Anthony Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Salma Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Richard Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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Chi C, Knight WE, Riching AS, Zhang Z, Tatavosian R, Zhuang Y, Moldovan R, Rachubinski AL, Gao D, Xu H, Espinosa JM, Song K. Interferon hyperactivity impairs cardiogenesis in Down syndrome via downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling. iScience 2023; 26:107012. [PMID: 37360690 PMCID: PMC10285545 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are frequent in children with Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using a human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model and the Dp(16)1Yey/+ (Dp16) mouse model of DS, we identified downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling downstream of increased dosage of interferon (IFN) receptors (IFNRs) genes on chromosome 21 as a causative factor of cardiogenic dysregulation in DS. We differentiated human iPSCs derived from individuals with DS and CHDs, and healthy euploid controls into cardiac cells. We observed that T21 upregulates IFN signaling, downregulates the canonical WNT pathway, and impairs cardiac differentiation. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological normalization of IFN signaling restored canonical WNT signaling and rescued defects in cardiogenesis in DS in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying abnormal cardiogenesis in DS, ultimately aiding the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwu Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Walter E. Knight
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew S. Riching
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Roubina Tatavosian
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yonghua Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Radu Moldovan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angela L. Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University; Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Chi C, Song K. Cellular reprogramming of fibroblasts in heart regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 180:84-93. [PMID: 36965699 PMCID: PMC10347886 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction causes the loss of cardiomyocytes and the formation of cardiac fibrosis due to the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, leading to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Unfortunately, current therapeutic interventions can only slow the disease progression. Furthermore, they cannot fully restore cardiac function, likely because the adult human heart lacks sufficient capacity to regenerate cardiomyocytes. Therefore, intensive efforts have focused on developing therapeutics to regenerate the damaged heart. Several strategies have been intensively investigated, including stimulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation, transplantation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and conversion of fibroblasts into cardiac cells. Resident cardiac fibroblasts are critical in the maintenance of the structure and contractility of the heart. Fibroblast plasticity makes this type of cells be reprogrammed into many cell types, including but not limited to induced pluripotent stem cells, induced cardiac progenitor cells, and induced cardiomyocytes. Fibroblasts have become a therapeutic target due to their critical roles in cardiac pathogenesis. This review summarizes the reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, induced cardiac progenitor cells, and induced cardiomyocytes to repair a damaged heart, outlines recent findings in utilizing fibroblast-derived cells for heart regeneration, and discusses the limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwu Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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He X, He H, Zhang Y, Wu T, Chen Y, Tang C, Xia T, Zhang X, Xie C. Role of ceRNA network in inflammatory cells of rheumatoid arthritis. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:750-759. [PMID: 37539578 PMCID: PMC10930406 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease caused by inflammatory cells. Various inflammatory cells involved in RA include fibroblast-like synoviocytes, macrophages, CD4+T-lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, osteoclasts and chondrocytes. The close interaction between various inflammatory cells leads to imbalance of immune response and disorder of the expression of mRNA in inflammatory cells. It helps to drive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate specific antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes to produce autoantibodies which is an important pathogenic factor for RA. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) can regulate the expression of mRNA by competitively binding to miRNA. The related ceRNA network is a new regulatory mechanism for RNA interaction. It has been found to be involved in the regulation of abnormal biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and release of inflammatory factors of RA inflammatory cells. Understanding the ceRNA network in 6 kinds of RA common inflammatory cells provides a new idea for further elucidating the pathogenesis of RA, and provides a theoretical basis for the discovery of new biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233004.
| | - Haohua He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233004
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233030
| | - Tianyu Wu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233030
| | - Yongjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233030
| | - Chengzhi Tang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233030
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233030
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233030.
| | - Changhao Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233004.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233030, China.
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Guo S, Chen M, Li W, Wan Q, Xu M. Analysis of Alternative Splicing and Long Noncoding RNAs After the Edwardsiella anguillarum Infected the Immunized European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) Revealed the Role of Outer Membrane Protein A in OmpA Subunit Vaccine. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023:10.1007/s10126-023-10210-x. [PMID: 37171708 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella anguillarum is a bacterium that commonly infects cultivated eels. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) emulsified with Freund's adjuvant has been shown to be an effective fishery vaccine against this pathogen. However, the specific roles of OmpA in the vaccine have not been fully explored. In this study, we performed RNA-seq in the liver of a European eel (Anguilla anguilla) after challenge with E. anguillarum in eels previously immunized with an OmpA subunit vaccine. Our aim was to elucidate the differentially alternative splicing (DAS) and differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs) using a genome-wide transcriptome. The results showed after that at 28 days post-immunization, eels challenged with E. anguillarum (Con_inf) exhibited severe pathological changes in the liver. In contrast, the OmpA infused eels (OmpA_inf group) showed infiltrated lymphocytes, while Freund's adjuvant-inoculated eels (FCIA_inf group) showed edema of hepatocytes and blood coagulation. The relative percent survival (RPS) was 77.7% and 44.4% for OmpA_inf and FCIA_inf compared to the Con_inf group. We identified 37 DE-lncRNAs and 293 DAS genes between OmpA_inf and FCIA_inf. Interactions between DAS gene-expressed proteins indicated that 66 expressed proteins formed 20 networks. Additionally, 33 DE-lncRNAs interacted with 194 target genes formed 246 and 41 networks in co-expression and co-location. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the OmpA subunit vaccine elicits a higher RPS and provides novel insights into the role of OmpA through DAS genes and DE-lncRNAs perspective. These results are significant for the development of fishery subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Guo
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Minxia Chen
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qijuan Wan
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Kawaguchi S, Moukette B, Hayasaka T, Haskell AK, Mah J, Sepúlveda MN, Tang Y, Kim IM. Noncoding RNAs as Key Regulators for Cardiac Development and Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040166. [PMID: 37103045 PMCID: PMC10143661 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play fundamental roles in cardiac development and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. With advances in RNA sequencing technology, the focus of recent research has transitioned from studies of specific candidates to whole transcriptome analyses. Thanks to these types of studies, new ncRNAs have been identified for their implication in cardiac development and CVDs. In this review, we briefly describe the classification of ncRNAs into microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs. We then discuss their critical roles in cardiac development and CVDs by citing the most up-to-date research articles. More specifically, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs in the formation of the heart tube and cardiac morphogenesis, cardiac mesoderm specification, and embryonic cardiomyocytes and cardiac progenitor cells. We also highlight ncRNAs that have recently emerged as key regulators in CVDs by focusing on six of them. We believe that this review concisely addresses perhaps not all but certainly the major aspects of current progress in ncRNA research in cardiac development and CVDs. Thus, this review would be beneficial for readers to obtain a recent picture of key ncRNAs and their mechanisms of action in cardiac development and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bruno Moukette
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Taiki Hayasaka
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angela K Haskell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jessica Mah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marisa N Sepúlveda
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Il-Man Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:179-192. [PMID: 36930221 PMCID: PMC10090314 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we review recent findings on the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, we highlight some of the latest findings in lncRNA biology, providing an outlook for future avenues of lncRNA research in CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent publications provide translational evidence from patient studies and animal models for the role of specific lncRNAs in CVD. The molecular effector mechanisms of these lncRNAs are diverse. Overall, cell-type selective modulation of gene expression is the largest common denominator. New methods, such as single-cell profiling and CRISPR/Cas9-screening, reveal additional novel mechanistic principles: For example, many lncRNAs establish RNA-based spatial compartments that concentrate effector proteins. Also, RNA modifications and splicing features can be determinants of lncRNA function. SUMMARY lncRNA research is passing the stage of enumerating lncRNAs or recording simplified on-off expression switches. Mechanistic analyses are starting to reveal overarching principles of how lncRNAs can function. Exploring these principles with decisive genetic testing in vivo remains the ultimate test to discern how lncRNA loci, by RNA motifs or DNA elements, affect CVD pathophysiology.
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11
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Khorkova O, Stahl J, Joji A, Volmar CH, Zeier Z, Wahlestedt C. Natural antisense transcripts as drug targets. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:978375. [PMID: 36250017 PMCID: PMC9563854 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.978375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of vast non-coding RNA-based regulatory networks that can be easily modulated by nucleic acid-based drugs has opened numerous new therapeutic possibilities. Long non-coding RNA, and natural antisense transcripts (NATs) in particular, play a significant role in networks that involve a wide variety of disease-relevant biological mechanisms such as transcription, splicing, translation, mRNA degradation and others. Currently, significant efforts are dedicated to harnessing these newly emerging NAT-mediated biological mechanisms for therapeutic purposes. This review will highlight the recent clinical and pre-clinical developments in this field and survey the advances in nucleic acid-based drug technologies that make these developments possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Khorkova
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Aswathy Joji
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zane Zeier
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Claes Wahlestedt,
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Montañés-Agudo P, Pinto YM. Triadin-Antisense: An lncRNA in the Backstage of Cardiac Alternative Splicing. Circulation 2022; 146:715-717. [PMID: 36037268 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Montañés-Agudo
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Meibergdreef 9, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Meibergdreef 9, The Netherlands
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