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Wang LM, Zhang WL, Lyu N, Suo YR, Yang L, Yu B, Jiang XJ. Research Advance of Chinese Medicine in Treating Atherosclerosis: Focus on Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:277-288. [PMID: 38057549 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
As a serious cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis (AS) causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human health. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family, and its elevated levels have been shown to contribute to AS. Lp-PLA2 is closely related to a variety of lipoproteins, and its role in promoting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AS is mainly achieved by hydrolyzing oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) to produce lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC). Moreover, macrophage apoptosis within plaque is promoted by localized Lp-PLA2 which also promotes plaque instability. This paper reviews those researches of Chinese medicine in treating AS via reducing Lp-PLA2 levels to guide future experimental studies and clinical applications related to AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen-Lan Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lyu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yan-Rong Suo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xi-Juan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Chen S, Guo F, Liu X, Xi J, Xue M, Guo Y, Wen J, Dong L, Chen Z. Roles of the RhoA-ROCK Signaling Pathway in the Endothelial H 2S Production and Vasodilation in Rat Cerebral Arteries. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18498-18508. [PMID: 35694456 PMCID: PMC9178624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral endothelial H2S protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through vasodilation, but its cerebral vasodilation mechanism and regulation of production are poorly understood. The RhoA-ROCK pathway plays important roles in vascular function. In this study, the roles of this pathway in the endothelial H2S production and vasodilation in rat cerebral arteries were investigated. Acetylcholine significantly increased H2S-generating enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) protein expressions and H2S production in rat cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs), but the increases were markedly decreased by the M receptor blocker atropine or the CSE inhibitor dl-propargylglycine. Pretreatment with dl-propargylglycine or the 3-MST inhibitor l-aspartic acid markedly reduced the acetylcholine-increased H2S; CSE protein expression and H2S levels in the ECs were obviously attenuated by the RhoA agonist U46619 but increased by the RhoA inhibitor C3 transferase. U46619 also reduced 3-MST protein expression; Acetylcholine markedly inhibited RhoA protein expression and activity, but the inhibition was obviously reversed by atropine, dl-propargylglycine, and l-aspartic acid, respectively; Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rat cerebral basilar artery was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with dl-propargylglycine or l-aspartic acid or RhoA inhibitor CCG-1423 or ROCK inhibitor KD025, and was further decreased by co-pretreatment with dl-propargylglycine (or l-aspartic acid) and CCG-1423 (or KD025); NaHS significantly relaxed rat cerebral basilar artery vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibited ROCK1/2 activities, phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC) protein expression, and KCl-increased [Ca2+]i, but these relaxation and inhibitions were markedly attenuated by pretreatment with C3 transferase or ROCK inhibitor Y27632. Our results demonstrated that endothelial H2S production is promoted by activation of the M receptor but inhibited by the RhoA-ROCK pathway in rat cerebral arteries; the endothelial H2S induces cerebral vasodilation by inhibiting this pathway to reduce phosphorylation of MLC and [Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiwu Chen
- . Tel: (+86)-0551-65161133. Fax: (+86)-0551-65161123
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Vasin MV. B-190 (Indralin) in Light of the History of the Formation of Ideas about the Mechanism of Action of Radioprotectors. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are now considered important contributors to the pathophysiological and biophysical mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening in aging. Here, we review mechanisms whereby VSMC stiffening alters vascular function and contributes to the changes in vascular stiffening observed in aging and cardiovascular disease. Vascular stiffening in arterial aging was historically associated with changes in the extracellular matrix; however, new evidence suggests that endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness also contribute to overall blood vessel stiffness. Furthermore, VSMC play an integral role in regulating matrix deposition and vessel wall contractility via interaction between the actomyosin contractile unit and adhesion structures that anchor the cell within the extracellular matrix. Aged-induce phenotypic modulation of VSMC from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype is associated with decreased cellular contractility and increased cell stiffness. Aged VSMC also display reduced mechanosensitivity and adaptation to mechanical signals from their microenvironment due to impaired intracellular signaling. Finally, evidence for decreased contractility in arteries from aged animals demonstrate that changes at the cellular level result in decreased functional properties at the tissue level.
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Surendran A, Forbes Dewey C, Low BC, Tucker-Kellogg L. A computational model of mutual antagonism in the mechano-signaling network of RhoA and nitric oxide. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:47. [PMID: 34635055 PMCID: PMC8507106 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhoA is a master regulator of cytoskeletal contractility, while nitric oxide (NO) is a master regulator of relaxation, e.g., vasodilation. There are multiple forms of cross-talk between the RhoA/ROCK pathway and the eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway, but previous work has not studied their interplay at a systems level. Literature review suggests that the majority of their cross-talk interactions are antagonistic, which motivates us to ask whether the RhoA and NO pathways exhibit mutual antagonism in vitro, and if so, to seek the theoretical implications of their mutual antagonism. RESULTS Experiments found mutual antagonism between RhoA and NO in epithelial cells. Since mutual antagonism is a common motif for bistability, we sought to explore through theoretical simulations whether the RhoA-NO network is capable of bistability. Qualitative modeling showed that there are parameters that can cause bistable switching in the RhoA-NO network, and that the robustness of the bistability would be increased by positive feedback between RhoA and mechanical tension. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the RhoA-NO bistability is robust enough in silico to warrant the investment of further experimental testing. Tension-dependent bistability has the potential to create sharp concentration gradients, which could contribute to the localization and self-organization of signaling domains during cytoskeletal remodeling and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Surendran
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational Systems Biology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Assistive Technology & Innovation, National Institute of Speech & Hearing, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - C Forbes Dewey
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational Systems Biology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Departments, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational Systems Biology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,University Scholars Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational Systems Biology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Rho-Proteins and Downstream Pathways as Potential Targets in Sepsis and Septic Shock: What Have We Learned from Basic Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081844. [PMID: 34440613 PMCID: PMC8391638 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are associated with acute and sustained impairment in the function of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, lungs, liver, and brain, among others. Despite the significant advances in prevention and treatment, sepsis and septic shock sepsis remain global health problems with elevated mortality rates. Rho proteins can interact with a considerable number of targets, directly affecting cellular contractility, actin filament assembly and growing, cell motility and migration, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and actin polymerization, physiological functions that are intensively impaired during inflammatory conditions, such as the one that occurs in sepsis. In the last few decades, Rho proteins and their downstream pathways have been investigated in sepsis-associated experimental models. The most frequently used experimental design included the exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in both in vitro and in vivo approaches, but experiments using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis have also been performed. The findings described in this review indicate that Rho proteins, mainly RhoA and Rac1, are associated with the development of crucial sepsis-associated dysfunction in different systems and cells, including the endothelium, vessels, and heart. Notably, the data found in the literature suggest that either the inhibition or activation of Rho proteins and associated pathways might be desirable in sepsis and septic shock, accordingly with the cellular system evaluated. This review included the main findings, relevance, and limitations of the current knowledge connecting Rho proteins and sepsis-associated experimental models.
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Cooperation of augmented calcium sensitization and increased calcium entry contributes to high blood pressure in salt-sensitive Dahl rats. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1067-1078. [PMID: 33875859 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Salt hypertensive Dahl rats are characterized by sympathoexcitation and relative NO deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that the increased blood pressure (BP) response to fasudil in salt hypertensive Dahl rats is due to augmented calcium sensitization in the salt-sensitive strain and/or due to their decreased baroreflex efficiency. BP reduction after acute administration of nifedipine (an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker) or fasudil (a Rho kinase inhibitor) was studied in conscious intact rats and in rats subjected to acute NO synthase inhibition or combined blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (captopril), sympathetic nervous system (pentolinium), and NO synthase (L-NAME). Intact salt-sensitive (SS) Dahl rats fed a low-salt diet had greater BP responses to nifedipine (-31 ± 6 mmHg) or fasudil (-34 ± 7 mmHg) than salt-resistant (SR) Dahl rats (-16 ± 4 and -17 ± 2 mmHg, respectively), and a high-salt intake augmented the BP response only in SS rats. These BP responses were doubled after acute NO synthase inhibition, indicating that endogenous NO attenuates both calcium entry and calcium sensitization. Additional pentolinium administration, which minimized sympathetic compensation for the drug-induced BP reduction, magnified the BP responses to nifedipine or fasudil in all groups except for salt hypertensive SS rats due to their lower baroreflex efficiency. The BP response to the calcium channel blocker nifedipine can distinguish SS and SR rats even after calcium sensitization inhibition by fasudil, which was not seen when fasudil was administered to nifedipine-pretreated rats. Thus, enhanced calcium entry (potentiated by sympathoexcitation) in salt hypertensive Dahl rats is the abnormality that is essential for their BP increase, which was further augmented by increased calcium sensitization in salt-sensitive Dahl rats.
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Kamiya T, Omae T, Nakabayashi S, Takahashi K, Tanner A, Yoshida A. Effect of Rho Kinase Inhibitor Ripasudil (K-115) on Isolated Porcine Retinal Arterioles. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 37:104-111. [PMID: 33351704 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the vasorelaxation effect of ripasudil (K-115), a novel Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on isolated retinal arterioles. We determined whether the actions of ripasudil on the retinal microvascular diameter were dependent on the endothelium and/or potassium channels in the smooth muscle, with the goals of uncovering the signaling mechanisms required for this vasomotor activity and inhibiting the action of endothelin-1 (ET-1). Methods: In this in vitro study, we isolated porcine retinal arterioles, which were cannulated and pressurized without flow. We recorded diametric changes using videomicroscopic techniques. Results: In a dose-dependent (10 nM-30 μM) manner, retinal arterioles were relaxed in response to ripasudil [maximum % resting diameter, 160.3% ± 7.7% (mean ± standard error of the mean)]. The ripasudil-induced vasorelaxation was unaffected by endothelium removal, using nonselective potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium, Ca2+-activated large-conductance potassium channel blocker iberiotoxin, voltage-gated potassium channel blocker 4-AP, ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker glibenclamide, and inward rectifier potassium channel blocker BaCl2. Ripasudil prevented ET-1-caused vasoconstriction of the retinal arterioles regardless of the presence of endothelium to a similar extent. Conclusion: The ROCK inhibitor ripasudil elicits endothelium-independent relaxation and inhibits the action of ET-1 on the retinal arterioles. Determining the relaxation properties of ripasudil on the retinal microvasculature will likely support the development of potential therapies for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kamiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Omae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Seigo Nakabayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akira Tanner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Lee SH, Kwon SC, Ok SH, Ahn SH, Bae SI, Hwang Y, Park KE, Sohn JT. Linolenic acid enhances contraction induced by phenylephrine in isolated rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173662. [PMID: 33131719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of linolenic acid on the contraction of isolated endothelium-intact and -denuded rat aorta induced by phenylephrine and its underlying mechanism. This was conducted in the presence or absence of NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), methylene blue, and calmidazolium. The effects of linolenic acid on contraction induced by calcium chloride in calcium-free Krebs solution containing 60 mM potassium chloride were also examined. Moreover, the effect of linolenic acid on the association between intracellular calcium level ([Ca2+]i) and tension induced by phenylephrine was examined. Finally, we examined the effects of linolenic acid on cGMP formation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation induced by phenylephrine. Linolenic acid (5 × 10-5 M) increased phenylephrine-induced contraction in endothelium-intact aorta (standardized mean difference [SMD] of log ED50: 2.23), whereas it decreased this contraction in endothelium-denuded aorta (SMD: 1.96). L-NAME, ODQ, methylene blue, and calmidazolium increased phenylephrine-induced contraction in endothelium-intact aorta. Linolenic acid decreased contraction induced by calcium chloride in calcium-free Krebs solution containing 60 mM potassium chloride in endothelium-denuded aorta. Linolenic acid caused an increase in [Ca2+]i (SMD at 3 × 10-7 M phenylephrine: 1.63) and calcium sensitivity induced by phenylephrine in endothelium-intact aorta. Conversely, linolenic acid decreased [Ca2+]i (SMD: 0.99) induced by phenylephrine in endothelium-denuded aorta. Linolenic acid decreased cGMP formation and eNOS phosphorylation induced by phenylephrine. These results suggest that linolenic acid increases phenylephrine-induced contraction, which is attributed to linolenic acid inhibition of endothelial NO release rather than its decrease of [Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Chun Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University, College of Medicine, Gangneung, 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51472, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Eon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Semiz AT, Teker AB, Yapar K, Doğan BSU, Takır S. Hydrogen sulfide dilates the isolated retinal artery mainly via the activation of myosin phosphatase. Life Sci 2020; 255:117834. [PMID: 32454158 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is shown in ocular tissues and suggested to involve in the regulation of retinal circulation. However, the mechanism of H2S-induced relaxation on retinal artery is not clarified yet. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the role of several calcium (Ca2+) signaling and Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms in the relaxing effect of H2S donor, NaHS, on retinal arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relaxing effects of NaHS (10-5-3 × 10-3M) were determined on precontracted retinal arteries in Ca2+ free medium as well as in the presence of the inhibitors of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms. Additively, Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus were evaluated by CaCl2-induced contractions in the presence of NaHS (3 × 10-3M). Functional experiments were furtherly assessed by protein and/or mRNA expressions, as appropriate. KEY FINDINGS The relaxations to NaHS were preserved in Ca2+ free medium while NaHS pretreatment decreased the responsiveness to CaCl2. The inhibitors of plasmalemmal Ca2+-ATPase, sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, Na+-Ca2+ ion-exchanger and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) unchanged the relaxations to NaHS. Likewise, Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms including, rho kinase, protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase were unlikely to mediate the relaxation to NaHS in retinal artery. Whereas, a marked reduction was determined in NaHS-induced relaxations in the presence of MLCP inhibitor, calyculin A. Supportively, NaHS pretreatment significantly reduced phosphorylation of MYPT1-subunit of MLCP. SIGNIFICANCE The relaxing effect of NaHS in retinal artery is likely to be related to the activation of MLCP and partly, to decrement in Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Toprak Semiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; Istanbul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Başak Teker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun 28200, Turkey
| | - Kürşad Yapar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun 28200, Turkey
| | | | - Selçuk Takır
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun 28200, Turkey.
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Lee SH, Ok SH, Subbarao RB, Kim JY, Bae SI, Hwang Y, Tak S, Sohn JT. Nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of phenylephrine-induced contraction in response to hypothermia is partially modulated by endothelial Rho-kinase. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:21-32. [PMID: 31929735 PMCID: PMC6945562 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the possible upstream cellular signaling pathway associated with nitric oxide (NO)-mediated inhibition of phenylephrine-induced contraction in isolated rat aortae in response to mild hypothermia, with a particular focus on endothelial Rho-kinase. We examined the effects of mild hypothermia (33°C), wortmannin, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), Y-27632, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and methylene blue, alone and combined, on phenylephrine-induced contraction in isolated rat aortae. Finally, we examined the effects of mild hypothermia, wortmannin, Y-27632 and L-NAME, alone and combined, on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelial Rho-kinase membrane translocation induced by phenylephrine. Mild hypothermia attenuated phenylephrine-induced contraction only in endothelium-intact aortae. L-NAME, wortmannin, ODQ and methylene blue increased phenylephrine-induced contraction of endothelium-intact aortae pretreated at 33°C. Wortmannin did not significantly alter the L-NAME-induced enhancement of phenylephrine-induced maximal contraction of endothelium-intact aortae pretreated at 33°C. Wortmannin abolished the ability of Y-27632 to magnify the hypothermic inhibition of maximal phenylephrine-induced contraction. Wortmannin and L-NAME inhibited the enhancing effect of mild hypothermia on phenylephrine-induced eNOS phosphorylation. Y-27632 and L-NAME attenuated the enhancing effect of hypothermia on phenylephrine-induced endothelial Rho-kinase membrane translocation. The results suggest that hypothermia-induced, NO-dependent inhibition of phenylephrine-induced contraction is mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and inhibited by endothelial Rho-kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, 51427, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeong Tak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea
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Du Z, Jiang J, Cheng B, Jiang R. S1P1 Gene Transfection Improves Erectile Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Urology 2019; 133:249.e1-249.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Wen JY, Gao SS, Chen FL, Chen S, Wang M, Chen ZW. Role of CSE-Produced H 2S on Cerebrovascular Relaxation via RhoA-ROCK Inhibition and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1565-1574. [PMID: 30406996 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of CSE-produced H2S on cerebrovascular relaxation and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was investigated using CSE knockout (CSE-/-) and wild-type (CSE+/+) mice. The relaxation of the cerebral basilar artery (BA) to CSE-produced H2S and its mechanism were detected. The results revealed that both NaHS, a donor of exogenous H2S, and ROCK inhibitor Y27632 could induce significant relaxation of the BA, but the relaxation of the BA to NaHS was significantly attenuated by Y27632. In addition, removal of endothelium could reduce the relaxation of the BA to Y27632; CSE knockout also significantly attenuated Y27632-induced BA relaxation with endothelium rather than without endothelium. By contrast, the contraction of the BA from CSE-/- mice to RhoA agonist LPA or U46619 was stronger than that from CSE+/+ mice. Furthermore, RhoA activity and ROCK protein expression remarkably increased in the BA vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from CSE-/- mouse, which were inhibited by NaHS pretreatment. These findings revealed that the CSE-produced H2S induced cerebrovascular relaxation is generated from endothelial cells and the mechanism of vascular relaxation may relate to inhibition of RhoA-ROCK pathway. We next sought to confirm the protective effect of CSE-produced H2S on cerebral I/R injury produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice. We investigated the changes of neurological deficit, cerebral infarct, brain water content, LDH decrease, MDA increase as well as impairment of learning and memory function. The results showed that the cerebral injury became more grievous in CSE-/-mice than that in CSE+/+mice, which could be remarkably alleviated by NaHS pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fang-Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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Seo MS, Li H, An JR, Jang JH, Jung HS, Kim T, Kook S, Jung WK, Choi IW, Na SH, Park WS. The vasodilatory effect of the antidiabetic drug linagliptin via inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase in aortic smooth muscle. Life Sci 2019; 219:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Exaggerated blood pressure response to fasudil or nifedipine in hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic rats: role of altered baroreflex. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:145-154. [PMID: 30518983 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Basal calcium sensitization is decreased in spontaneously hypertensive rats, although their blood pressure (BP) response to acute Rho-kinase inhibition is enhanced. Using fasudil (Rho-kinase inhibitor) or nifedipine (L-VDCC blocker), we evaluated the contribution of calcium sensitization and calcium entry to BP maintenance in hypertensive transgenic Ren-2 rats (TGR) focusing on the influence of major vasoactive systems and/or baroreflex efficiency on BP responses to these two drugs. Homozygous TGR and normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) control rats aged 5, 11, or 22 weeks were used. The acute BP-lowering effects of fasudil or nifedipine were studied in intact rats, nitric oxide-deficient L-NAME-pretreated rats and rats subjected to combined blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Fasudil- or nifedipine-induced BP reduction increased during hypertension development in TGR. By contrast, the nifedipine-induced BP response decreased, whereas the fasudil-induced BP response increased with age in HanSD controls. Our data indicated a major contribution of nifedipine-sensitive calcium entry and relative attenuation of calcium sensitization in hypertensive rats compared with normotensive controls. The BP responses to fasudil or nifedipine were enhanced by NOS inhibition and combined blockade in normotensive HanSD rats but not in hypertensive TGR. In conclusion, calcium sensitization is attenuated by endogenous nitric oxide in normotensive HanSD rats but not in hypertensive TGR. Moreover, BP reduction elicited by acute Rho-kinase inhibition is partially compensated by enhanced sympathetic vasoconstriction. The decreased compensation in hypertensive rats with impaired baroreflex efficiency explains their greater BP response to fasudil than in normotensive animals.
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Soloviev AI, Kizub IV. Mechanisms of vascular dysfunction evoked by ionizing radiation and possible targets for its pharmacological correction. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 159:121-139. [PMID: 30508525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) leads to a variety of the cardiovascular diseases, including the arterial hypertension. A number of studies have demonstrated that blood vessels represent important target for IR, and the endothelium is one of the most vulnerable components of the vascular wall. IR causes an inhibition of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species trigger this process. Inhibition of NO-mediated vasodilatation could be due to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) down-regulation, inactivation of endothelium-derived NO, and abnormalities in diffusion of NO from the endothelial cells (ECs) leading to a decrease in NO bioavailability. Beside this, IR suppresses endothelial large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) activity, which control NO synthesis. IR also leads to inhibition of the BKCa current in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) which is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC). On the other hand, IR-evoked enhanced vascular contractility may result from PKC-mediated increase in SMCs myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Also, IR evokes vascular wall inflammation and atherosclerosis development. Vascular function damaged by IR can be effectively restored by quercetin-filled phosphatidylcholine liposomes and mesenchymal stem cells injection. Using RNA-interference technique targeted to different PKC isoforms can also be a perspective approach for pharmacological treatment of IR-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I Soloviev
- Department of Pharmacology of Cellular Signaling Systems and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 14 Eugene Pottier Street, Kiev 03068, Ukraine
| | - Igor V Kizub
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla 10595, NY, United States.
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17
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Karakus S, Musicki B, Burnett AL. Phosphodiesterase type 5 in men with vasculogenic and post-radical prostatectomy erectile dysfunction: is there a molecular difference? BJU Int 2018; 122:1066-1074. [PMID: 29888556 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the molecular basis of penile erection at the human level and distinguish the mechanisms underlying vasculogenic and post-radical prostatectomy (RP) erectile dysfunction (ED) subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Erectile tissue was obtained from men without history of ED who underwent penile surgery for Peyronie's disease (control group, n = 5) and from men with ED who underwent penile prosthesis implantation (n = 17). ED was categorized into vasculogenic (n = 8) and post-RP (n = 9) subtypes. Penile erectile tissue samples were collected for molecular analyses of protein expressions of neuronal and endothelial isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and eNOS, respectively), phospho-nNOS (Ser-1412), phospho-eNOS (Ser-1177), phospho-protein kinase B (Ser-473), phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), α-smooth muscle actin, phospho-myosin phosphatase target subunit 1, RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK)-α, ROCK-β, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and nNOS and eNOS uncoupling by Western blot. RESULTS Vasculogenic ED was characterized by decreased eNOS protein expression and eNOS and nNOS phosphorylation on their activatory sites (Ser-1177 and Ser-1412, respectively), uncoupled eNOS, upregulated PDE5 protein expression, increased ROCK activity, and increased oxidative stress in erectile tissue. Post-RP ED was characterized by decreased nNOS protein expression, increased nNOS phosphorylation on its activatory site (Ser-1412), uncoupled nNOS, downregulated PDE5 protein expression, and increased oxidative stress in erectile tissue. CONCLUSION The mechanisms of vasculogenic and post-RP ED in the human penis involve derangements in constitutive nitric oxide synthase function, PDE5 protein expression and ROCK activity, and increased oxidative stress, which conceivably provide a molecular basis for chronically reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased smooth muscle contraction contributing to erectile impairment. Selective differences in PDE5 protein expression suggest distinct molecular mechanisms are in play for these ED subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Karakus
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Biljana Musicki
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Vasin MV, Gan'shina TS, Mirzoyan RS, Semenova LA, Koroleva LV, Afanas'ev RV, Ushakov IB. Mitigating Effect of Nitrates (Monizol) on Pharmacodynamic Shifts in the Cardiovascular System Caused by Radioprotector Indralin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:364-367. [PMID: 30006873 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of radioprotector indralin (B-190) alone or in combination with monizol on BP and HR in rabbits, reduction of blood supply and spleen weight in rats and (CBA×C57Bl/6)F1 hybrids mice, and on blood loss from a wound on tip of the tail in mice. Being an α1-adrenomimetic, indralin caused hypertensive reaction with the development of bradycardia, reduced blood supply and spleen weight, and sharply reduced blood loss from the wound. Monizol as nitrate reduced BP without affecting HR and reduced blood loss from the wound. Monizol administered prior to indralin eliminated radioprotector-induced hypertensive reaction, reduced bradycardia by more than 2 times, and attenuated the effect of indralin on spleen weight and blood loss from the wound by 1.6-1.8 times. Monizol administered after indralin had no effect on shifts in peripheral blood supply caused by the radioprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Vasin
- State Research Centre F. M. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
| | - T S Gan'shina
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - R S Mirzoyan
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Semenova
- State Research Centre F. M. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Koroleva
- State Research Centre F. M. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - R V Afanas'ev
- State Research Centre F. M. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - I B Ushakov
- State Research Centre F. M. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Liu C, Cao Y, Ko TC, Chen M, Zhou X, Wang R. The Changes of MicroRNA Expression in the Corpus Cavernosum of a Rat Model With Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2018; 15:958-965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Characterization of pressure-mediated vascular tone in resistance arteries from bile duct-ligated rats. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30706-30722. [PMID: 28430609 PMCID: PMC5458161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cirrhosis, changes in pressure-mediated vascular tone, a key determinant of systemic vascular resistance (SVR), are unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we assessed ex vivo dynamics of pressurized mesenteric resistance arteries (diameter ~ 260 μm) from bile duct-ligated (BDL) and sham-operated (SHAM) rats and determined the underlying mechanisms. At isobaric intraluminal pressure (70 mmHg) as well as with step-wise increase in pressure (10-110 mmHg), arteries from SHAM-rats constricted more than BDL-rats, and had reduced luminal area. In both groups, incubation with LNAME (a NOS inhibitor) had no effect on pressure-mediated tone, and expression of NOS isoforms were similar. TEA, which enhances Ca2+ influx, augmented arterial tone only in SHAM-rats, with minimal effect in those from BDL-rats that was associated with reduced expression of Ca2+ channel TRPC6. In permeabilized arteries, high-dose Ca2+ and γGTP enhanced the vascular tone, which remained lower in BDL-rats that was associated with reduced ROCK2 and pMLC expression. Further, compared to SHAM-rats, in BDL-rats, arteries had reduced collagen expression which was associated with increased expression and activity of MMP-9. BDL-rats also had increased plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro, peroxynitrite enhanced MMP-9 activity and reduced ROCK2 expression. These data provide evidence that in cirrhosis, pressure-mediated tone is reduced in resistance arteries, and suggest that circulating ROS play a role in reducing Ca2+ sensitivity and enhancing elasticity to induce arterial adaptations. These findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying attenuated SVR in cirrhosis.
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21
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Neuroprotective and Nerve Regenerative Approaches for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction after Cavernous Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081794. [PMID: 28820434 PMCID: PMC5578182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant cause of reduced quality of life in men and their partners. Cavernous nerve injury (CNI) during pelvic surgery results in ED in greater than 50% of patients, regardless of additional patient factors. ED related to CNI is difficult to treat and typically poorly responsive to first- and second-line therapeutic options. Recently, a significant amount of research has been devoted to exploring neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches to salvage erectile function in patients with CNI. In addition, therapeutic options such as neuregulins, immunophilin ligands, gene therapy, stem cell therapy and novel surgical strategies, have shown benefit in pre-clinical, and limited clinical studies. In the era of personalized medicine, these new therapeutic technologies will be the future of ED treatment and are described in this review.
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22
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Rho-kinase and the nitric oxide pathway modulate basilar arterial reactivity to acetylcholine and angiotensin II in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:929-938. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Liu X, El-Mahdy MA, Boslett J, Varadharaj S, Hemann C, Abdelghany TM, Ismail RS, Little SC, Zhou D, Thuy LTT, Kawada N, Zweier JL. Cytoglobin regulates blood pressure and vascular tone through nitric oxide metabolism in the vascular wall. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14807. [PMID: 28393874 PMCID: PMC5394235 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of the specific nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) that serves as the main in vivo regulator of O2-dependent NO degradation in smooth muscle remains elusive. Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a recently discovered globin expressed in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells with unknown function. Cygb, coupled with a cellular reducing system, efficiently regulates the rate of NO consumption by metabolizing NO in an O2-dependent manner with decreased NO consumption in physiological hypoxia. Here we show that Cygb is a major regulator of NO degradation and cardiovascular tone. Knockout of Cygb greatly prolongs NO decay, increases vascular relaxation, and lowers blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. We further demonstrate that downregulation of Cygb prevents angiotensin-mediated hypertension. Thus, Cygb has a critical role in the regulation of vascular tone and disease. We suggest that modulation of the expression and NOD activity of Cygb represents a strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The gaseous signalling molecule nitric oxide regulates vascular tone. Here, the authors show that nitric oxide is degraded by the enzyme cytoglobin in the vascular wall, and that mice lacking cytoglobin have reduced blood pressure and are less sensitive to angiotensin-mediated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - James Boslett
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Saradhadevi Varadharaj
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Craig Hemann
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Tamer M Abdelghany
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Raed S Ismail
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sean C Little
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Le Thi Thanh Thuy
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Asahimachi 1-4-3, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Asahimachi 1-4-3, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Higashi Y. Lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy and vascular function: Role of the nitric oxide-phosphodiesterase type 5-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway. Int J Urol 2017; 24:412-424. [PMID: 28332240 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that there is an association of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy with cardiovascular disease, suggesting that lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Vascular function, including endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle function, is involved in the pathogenesis, maintenance and development of atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular events. Vascular dysfunction per se should also contribute to lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy. Both lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy and vascular dysfunction have cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, aging, obesity and smoking. Inactivation of the phosphodiesterase type 5-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-nitric oxide pathway causes lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy through an enhancement of sympathetic nervous activity, endothelial dysfunction, increase in Rho-associated kinase activity and vasoconstriction, and decrease in blood flow of pelvic viscera. Both endogenous nitric oxide and exogenous nitric oxide act as vasodilators on vascular smooth muscle cells through an increase in the content of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, which is inactivated by phosphodiesterase type 5. In a clinical setting, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are widely used in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors might have beneficial effects on vascular function through not only inhibition of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate degradation, but also increases in testosterone levels and nitric oxide bioavailability, increase in the number and improvement of the function of endothelial progenitor cells, and decrease in insulin resistance. In the present review, the relationships between lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy, the phosphodiesterase type 5-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway, vascular function and cardiovascular outcomes are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Divivsion of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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25
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Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT. Role of Nitric Oxide in Cardiovascular Adaptation to Intermittent Hypoxia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:343-65. [PMID: 16565431 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most frequently encountered stresses in health and disease. The duration, frequency, and severity of hypoxic episodes are critical factors determining whether hypoxia is beneficial or harmful. Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to confer cardiovascular protection against more severe and sustained hypoxia, and, moreover, to protect against other stresses, including ischemia. Thus, the direct and cross protective effects of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia have been used for treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases and to increase efficiency of exercise training. Evidence is mounting that nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in these adaptive mechanisms. NO-dependent protective mechanisms activated by intermittent hypoxia include stimulation of NO synthesis as well as restriction of NO overproduction. In addition, alternative, nonenzymic sources of NO and negative feedback of NO synthesis are important factors in optimizing NO concentrations. The adaptive enhancement of NO synthesis and/or availability activates or increases expression of other protective factors, including heat shock proteins, antioxidants and prostaglandins, making the protection more robust and sustained. Understanding the role of NO in mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia will support development of therapies to prevent and treat hypoxic or ischemic damage to organs and cells and to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism.
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26
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Arsyad A, Dobson GP. Adenosine relaxation in isolated rat aortic rings and possible roles of smooth muscle Kv channels, KATP channels and A2a receptors. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:23. [PMID: 27211886 PMCID: PMC4876563 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An area of ongoing controversy is the role adenosine to regulate vascular tone in conduit vessels that regulate compliance, and the role of nitric oxide (NO), potassium channels and receptor subtypes involved. The aim of our study was to investigate adenosine relaxation in rat thoracic aortic rings, and the effect of inhibitors of NO, prostanoids, Kv, KATP channels, and A2a and A2b receptors. METHODS Aortic rings were freshly harvested from adult male Sprague Dawley rats and equilibrated in an organ bath containing oxygenated, modified Krebs-Henseleit solution, 11 mM glucose, pH 7.4, 37 °C. Isolated rings were pre-contracted sub-maximally with 0.3 μM norepinephrine (NE), and the effect of increasing concentrations of adenosine (1 to 1000 μM) were examined. The drugs L-NAME, indomethacin, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), glibenclamide, 5-hydroxydecanoate, ouabain, 8-(3-chlorostyryl) caffeine and PSB-0788 were examined in intact and denuded rings. Rings were tested for viability after each experiment. RESULTS Adenosine induced a dose-dependent, triphasic relaxation response, and the mechanical removal of the endothelium significantly deceased adenosine relaxation above 10 μM. Interestingly, endothelial removal significantly decreased the responsiveness (defined as % relaxation per μM adenosine) by two-thirds between 10 and 100 μM, but not in the lower (1-10 μM) or higher (>100 μM) ranges. In intact rings, L-NAME significantly reduced relaxation, but not indomethacin. Antagonists of voltage-dependent Kv (4-AP), sarcolemma KATP (glibenclamide) and mitochondrial KATP channels (5-HD) led to significant reductions in relaxation in both intact and denuded rings, with ouabain having little or no effect. Adenosine-induced relaxation appeared to involve the A2a receptor, but not the A2b subtype. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that adenosine relaxation in NE-precontracted rat aortic rings was triphasic and endothelium-dependent above 10 μM, and relaxation involved endothelial nitric oxide (not prostanoids) and a complex interplay between smooth muscle A2a subtype and voltage-dependent Kv, SarcKATP and MitoKATP channels. The possible in vivo significance of the regulation of arterial compliance to left ventricular function coupling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryadi Arsyad
- Physiology Department, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan, Km. 10, Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90213, Indonesia
| | - Geoffrey P Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
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Brunová A, Bencze M, Behuliak M, Zicha J. Acute and chronic role of nitric oxide, renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system in the modulation of calcium sensitization in Wistar rats. Physiol Res 2016; 64:447-57. [PMID: 26291725 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Principal vasoactive systems - renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoids - exert their vascular effects through the changes in calcium levels and/or calcium sensitization. To estimate a possible modulation of calcium sensitization by the above vasoactive systems, we studied the influence of acute and chronic blockade of particular vasoactive systems on blood pressure (BP) changes elicited in conscious normotensive rats by acute dose-dependent administration of Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. Adult male chronically cannulated Wistar rats were used throughout this study. The acute inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) by L-NAME enhanced BP response to fasudil, the effect being considerably augmented in rats deprived of endogenous SNS. The acute inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by indomethacin modified BP response to fasudil less than the acute NOS inhibition. The chronic NOS inhibition caused moderate BP elevation and a more pronounced augmentation of fasudil-induced BP changes compared to the effect of acute NOS inhibition. This indicates both short-term and long-term NO-dependent attenuation of calcium sensitization. Long-term inhibition of RAS by captopril caused a significant attenuation of BP changes elicited by fasudil. In contrast, a long-term attenuation of SNS by chronic guanethidine treatment (in youth or adulthood) had no effect on BP response to fasudil, suggesting the absence of SNS does not affect calcium sensitization in vascular smooth muscle of normotensive rats. In conclusion, renin-angiotensin system contributes to the long-term increase of calcium sensitization and its effect is counterbalanced by nitric oxide which decreases calcium sensitization in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brunová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Tseng TL, Chen MF, Liu CH, Pang CY, Hsu YH, Lee TJF. Induction of endothelium-dependent constriction of mesenteric arteries in endotoxemic hypotensive shock. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1179-95. [PMID: 26694894 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Effective management of hypotension refractory to vasoconstrictors in severe sepsis is limited. A new strategy to ameliorate endotoxemic hypotension by inducing endothelium-dependent constriction of large arteries was assessed. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Endotoxemia in rats was induced by injection of LPS (10 mg·kg(-1), i.v.). Haemodynamics were measured in vivo, reactivity of isolated mesenteric arteries by myography and expression of proteins and enzyme activities by immunohistochemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology. KEY RESULTS Six hours after LPS, the hypotension was promptly reversed following injection (i.v. or i.p.) of oroxylin-A (OroA) . In isolated LPS-treated but not normal mesenteric arteries, OroA (1-10 μM) induced endothelium-dependent, sustained constriction, blocked by endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor antagonists. OroA further enhanced LPS-induced expression of endothelin-converting enzyme, ET-1 mRNA and proteins and ET-1 release, OroA also enhanced phosphorylation of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and reversed LPS-induced suppression of RhoA activities in smooth muscle of arteries with endothelium. Activated- phosphorylation of smooth muscle ROCK was blocked by ET-1-receptor antagonists and ROCK inhibitors. Moreover, OroA post-treatment suppressed, via inhibiting NF-κB activation, inducible NOS expression and circulating NO. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Reversal of endotoxemic hypotensive by OroA was due to release of endothelial ET-1, upregulated by LPS, from mesenteric arteries, inducing prompt and sustained vasoconstriction via activation of vascular smooth muscle RhoA/ROCK-pathway. In late endotoxemia, OroA-induced vasoconstriction was partly due to decreased circulating NO. Activation of endothelium-dependent constriction in large resistance arteries and suppression of systemic inflammation offer new strategies for acute management of endotoxemic hypotensive shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ling Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institutes of Medical Sciences and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi Center of Vascular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi Center of Vascular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Hualien, Taiwan.,Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institutes of Medical Sciences and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi Center of Vascular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institutes of Medical Sciences and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Hsu
- Institutes of Medical Sciences and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tony J F Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institutes of Medical Sciences and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi Center of Vascular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Zhang J, Xu DL, Liu XB, Bi SJ, Zhao T, Sui SJ, Ji XP, Lu QH. Darapladib, a Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor, Reduces Rho Kinase Activity in Atherosclerosis. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:321-7. [PMID: 26847282 PMCID: PMC4740522 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.2.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and Rho kinase activity may be associated with atherosclerosis. The principal aim of this study was to examine whether darapladib (a selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor) could reduce the elevated Lp-PLA2 and Rho kinase activity in atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The atherosclerosis rats were prepared by feeding them with a high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. Low-dose darapladib (25 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) and high-dose darapladib (50 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) interventions were then administered over the course of 2 weeks. RESULTS The serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Lp-PLA2, significantly increased in atherosclerosis model groups, as did Rho kinase activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis (p<0.05 vs. sham group), whereas nitric oxide (NO) production was reduced. Levels of TC, LDL-C, CRP, Lp-PLA2, and Rho kinase activity were respectively reduced in darapladib groups, whereas NO production was enhanced. When compared to the low-dose darapladib group, the reduction of the levels of TC, LDL-C, CRP, and Lp-PLA2 was more prominent in the high-dose darapladib group (p<0.05), and the increase of NO production was more prominent (p<0.05). Cardiomyocyte apoptosis of the high-dose darapladib group was also significantly reduced compared to the low-dose darapladib group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in Rho kinase activity between the low-dose darapladib group and the high-dose darapladib group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Darapladib, a Lp-PLA2 inhibitor, leads to cardiovascular protection that might be mediated by its inhibition of both Rho kinase and Lp-PLA2 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Dong Ling Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Bo Liu
- Shandong Blood Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shao Jie Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu Jian Sui
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Ping Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Hua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Methylmercury affects cerebrovascular reactivity to angiotensin II and acetylcholine via Rho-kinase and nitric oxide pathways in mice. Life Sci 2016; 147:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Singh J, Kumar S, Rattan S. Bimodal effect of oxidative stress in internal anal sphincter smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G292-300. [PMID: 26138467 PMCID: PMC4556951 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00125.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Changes in oxidative stress may affect basal tone and relaxation of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle in aging. We examined this issue by investigating the effects of the oxidative stress inducer 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY-83583) in basal as well as U-46619-stimulated tone, and nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation in rat IAS. LY-83583, which works via generation of reactive oxygen species in living cells, produced a bimodal effect in IAS tone: lower concentrations (0.1 nM to 10 μM) produced a concentration-dependent increase, while higher concentrations (50-100 μM) produced a decrease in IAS tone. An increase in IAS tone by lower concentrations was associated with an increase in RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) activity. This was evident by the increase in RhoA/ROCK in the particulate fractions, in ROCK activity, and in the levels of phosphorylated (p) (Thr696)-myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 and p(Thr18/Ser19)-20-kDa myosin light chain. Conversely, higher concentrations of LY-83583 produced inhibitory effects on RhoA/ROCK. Interestingly, both the excitatory and inhibitory effects of LY-83583 in the IAS were reversed by superoxide dismutase. The excitatory effects of LY-83583 were found to resemble those with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition by l-NNA, since it produced a significant increase in the IAS tone and attenuated NANC relaxation. These effects of LY-83583 and l-NNA were reversible by l-arginine. This suggests the role of nNOS inhibition and RhoA/ROCK activation in the increase in IAS tone by LY-83583. These data have important implications in the pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting of rectoanal disorders, especially associated with IAS dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satish Rattan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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A novel cardioprotective mechanism of exogenous nitric oxide: inhibition of Rho-associated kinase activity. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:461-2. [PMID: 25902902 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ito K, Matsuzaki M, Sasahara T, Shin M, Yayama K. Orthovanadate-Induced Vasoconstriction of Rat Mesenteric Arteries Is Mediated by Rho Kinase-Dependent Inhibition of Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1809-16. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ito
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Mai Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Tomoya Sasahara
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Mariko Shin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Katsutoshi Yayama
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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Understanding and targeting the Rho kinase pathway in erectile dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11:622-8. [PMID: 25311680 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disorder that affects a quarter of US men, and has many causes, including endothelial impairment, low testosterone levels, prior surgical manipulation, and/or psychogenic components. Penile erection is a complex process requiring neurally mediated relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle and engorgement of cavernosal tissues, mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Current medical therapies for ED largely seek to maximize endogenous NO signalling. Certain aetiologies, including diabetes, are difficult to treat with current modalities, emphasizing the need for new molecular targets. Research has demonstrated the importance of RhoA-Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signalling in maintaining a flaccid penile state, and inhibition of RhoA-ROCK signalling potentiates smooth-muscle relaxation in an NO-independent manner. The mechanisms and effects of RhoA-ROCK signalling and inhibition suggest that the RhoA-ROCK pathway could prove to be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ED.
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Critical role of exogenous nitric oxide in ROCK activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109017. [PMID: 25280018 PMCID: PMC4184841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway has been shown to mediate various cellular functions including cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, apoptosis, and contraction, all of which may be involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is well known to have an anti-atherosclerotic effect, whereas the exogenous NO-mediated cardiovascular effect still remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous NO on ROCK activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro and in vivo. Methods VSMCs migration was evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber assay. ROCK activities were measured by Western blot analysis in murine and human VSMCs and aorta of mice treated with or without angiotensin II (Ang II) and/or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor. Results Co-treatment with SNP inhibited the Ang II-induced cell migration and increases in ROCK activity in murine and human VSMCs. Similarly, the increased ROCK activity 2 weeks after Ang II infusion in the mouse aorta was substantially inhibited by subcutaneous injection of SNP. Conclusions These findings suggest that administration of exogenous NO can inhibit ROCK activity in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Sawada N, Liao JK. Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase pathway as therapeutic targets for statins in atherosclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1251-67. [PMID: 23919640 PMCID: PMC3934442 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or statins are important therapeutic agents for lowering serum cholesterol levels. However, recent studies suggest that statins may exert atheroprotective effects beyond cholesterol lowering. These so-called "pleiotropic effects" include effects of statins on vascular and inflammatory cells. Thus, it is important to understand whether other signaling pathways that are involved in atherosclerosis could be targets of statins, and if so, whether individuals with "overactivity" of these pathways could benefit from statin therapy, regardless of serum cholesterol level. RECENT ADVANCES Statins inhibit the synthesis of isoprenoids, which are important for the function of the Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase (ROCK) pathway. Indeed, recent studies suggest that inhibition of the Rho/ROCK pathway by statins could lead to improved endothelial function and decreased vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Thus, the Rho/ROCK pathway has emerged as an important target of statin therapy for reducing atherosclerosis and possibly cardiovascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Because atherosclerosis is both a lipid and an inflammatory disease, it is important to understand how inhibition of Rho/ROCK pathway could contribute to statins' antiatherosclerotic effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The role of ROCKs (ROCK1 and ROCK2) in endothelial, smooth muscle, and inflammatory cells needs to be determined in the context of atherogenesis. This could lead to the development of specific ROCK1 or ROCK2 inhibitors, which could have greater therapeutic benefits with less toxicity. Also, clinical trials will need to be performed to determine whether inhibition of ROCKs, with and without statins, could lead to further reduction in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sawada
- 1 GCOE Program and Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Role of Rho-kinase and its inhibitors in pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:352-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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RhoA/Rho-kinase and nitric oxide in vascular reactivity in rats with endotoxaemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56331. [PMID: 23457552 PMCID: PMC3574133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA/Rho-kinase (RhoA/ROK) pathway promotes vasoconstriction by calcium sensitivity mechanism. LPS causes nitric oxide (NO) overproduction to induce vascular hyporeactivity. Thus, we tried to examine the role of RhoA/ROK and NO in the regulation of vascular reactivity in different time-point of endotoxaemia. Male Wistar rats were intravenously infused for 10 min with saline or E. coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 10 mg/kg) and divided to five groups (n = 8 in each group): (i) Control, sacrificed at 6 h after saline infusion; (ii) LPS1h, sacrificed at 1 h after LPS infusion; (iii) LPS2h, sacrificed at 2 h after LPS infusion; (iv) LPS4h, sacrificed at 4 h after LPS infusion; and (v) LPS6h, sacrificed at 6 h after LPS infusion. LPS1h and LPS2h were regarded as early endotoxaemia, whereas LPS4h and LPS6h were regarded as late endotoxaemia. Indeed, our results showed that LPS reproduced a biphasic hypotension and sustained vascular hyporeactivity to noradrenaline (NA) in vivo. Interestingly, this hyporeactivity did not occur in ex vivo during early endotoxaemia. This could be due to increases of aortic RhoA activity (n = 5, P<0.05) and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 phosphorylation (n = 3, P<0.05). In addition, pressor response to NA and vascular reactivity in early endotoxaemia were inhibited by ROK inhibitor, Y27632. Furthermore, plasma bradykinin was increased at 10 min (24.6±13.7 ng/mL, n = 5, P<0.05) and aortic endothelial NO synthase expression was increased at 1 h (+200%. n = 3, P<0.05) after LPS. In late endotoxaemia, the vascular hyporeactivity was associated with aortic inducible NO synthase expression (n = 3, P<0.05) and an increased serum NO level (n = 8, P<0.05). Thus, an increased RhoA activity could compensate vascular hyporeactivity in early endotoxaemia, and the large NO production inhibiting RhoA activity would lead to vascular hyporeactivity eventually.
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Bivalacqua TJ, Usta MF, Champion HC, Kadowitz PJ, Hellstrom WJG. Endothelial Dysfunction in Erectile Dysfunction: Role of the Endothelium in Erectile Physiology and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:S17-37. [PMID: 14581492 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trinity J Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Anwar MA, Ford WR, Herbert AA, Broadley KJ. Signal transduction and modulating pathways in tryptamine-evoked vasopressor responses of the rat isolated perfused mesenteric bed. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 58:140-9. [PMID: 23117109 PMCID: PMC3884126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tryptamine is an endogenous and dietary indoleamine-based trace amine implicated in cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension, migraine and myocardial infarction. This study aimed at identifying the signalling pathways for the vasoconstrictor response to tryptamine in rat isolated perfused mesenteric arterial beds and co-released vasodilator modulators of tryptamine-mediated vasoconstriction. Tryptamine caused concentration-dependent vasoconstriction of the mesenteric bed, measured as increases in perfusion pressure. These were inhibited by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, ritanserin, indicating mediation via 5-HT2A receptors. The response was inhibited by the phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) inhibitors, U-73122 and PACOCF3, suggesting involvement of phospholipase pathways. Activation of these pathways by tryptamine releases cyclooxygenase (COX) products since indomethacin (non-selective inhibitor of COX-1/2) and nimesulide (selective COX-2 inhibitor) reduced the vasoconstriction. The most likely COX vasoconstrictor product was prostaglandin PGE2 since the responses to tryptamine were reduced by AH-6809, a non-selective EP1 receptor antagonist. Involvement of the Rho-kinase pathway in the tryptamine-evoked vasoconstriction was also indicated by its reduction by the Rho-kinase inhibitors, Y-27,632 and fasudil. The tryptamine vasoconstriction is modulated by the co-released endothelial vasodilator, nitric oxide. Thus, circulating tryptamine can regulate mesenteric blood flow through a cascade of signalling pathways secondary to stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
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Li M, Zhuan L, Wang T, Rao K, Yang J, Yang J, Quan W, Liu J, Ye Z. Apocynin improves erectile function in diabetic rats through regulation of NADPH oxidase expression. J Sex Med 2012; 9:3041-50. [PMID: 23088159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). The proposed mechanisms responsible for diabetic ED are associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, overactivity of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, as seen in experimental models of diabetic rats. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin can ameliorate Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes-related ED by reducing the ROS production and inhibiting the activity of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. METHODS The diabetic rats were treated with and without the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Erectile responses were evaluated by determining mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) with electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Levels of mRNA expression were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Levels of protein expression were examined by Western Blot. ROS production was measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. RESULTS The ratio of Maximum ICP-to-MAP (MaxICP/MAP) was significantly decreased in diabetic ED rats, compared to that of age-matched control rats (P < 0.05). Apocynin improved erectile function of diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Expression levels of RhoA (cytosol), nNOS and eNOS were reduced, compared to those of control rats (P < 0.05). Apocynin significantly elevated their expression levels in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Expression levels of ROCK1, RhoA (membrane fraction), p-MYPT1 and NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox) were increased in diabetic rats when compared to those of control rats (P < 0.05), and it was observed that apocynin significantly reduced their expression levels in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). ROS production was increased in diabetic rats when compared to that of control rats (P < 0.05), the effect of apocynin was a reduction in the ROS production in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin can ameliorate diabetes-related ED by reducing the ROS production and inhibiting the activity of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Cullin-3 regulates vascular smooth muscle function and arterial blood pressure via PPARγ and RhoA/Rho-kinase. Cell Metab 2012; 16:462-72. [PMID: 23040068 PMCID: PMC3474846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dominant-negative (DN) mutations in the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) cause hypertension by an unknown mechanism. Hypertension and vascular dysfunction are recapitulated by expression of DN PPARγ specifically in vascular smooth muscle of transgenic mice. DN PPARγ increases RhoA and Rho-kinase activity, and inhibition of Rho-kinase restores normal reactivity and reduces arterial pressure. RhoBTB1, a component of the Cullin-3 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is a PPARγ target gene. Decreased RhoBTB1, Cullin-3, and neddylated Cullin-3 correlated with increased levels of the Cullin-3 substrate RhoA. Knockdown of Cullin-3 or inhibition of cullin-RING ligase activity in aortic smooth muscle cells increased RhoA. Cullin-RING ligase inhibition enhanced agonist-mediated contraction in aortic rings from normal mice by a Rho-kinase-dependent mechanism, and it increased arterial pressure in vivo. We conclude that Cullin-3 regulates vascular function and arterial pressure, thus providing a mechanistic link between mutations in Cullin-3 and hypertension in humans.
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Chen B, Shi L, Yu X, Sun J, Zhang H, Wang S, Fang L, Du G. Differential effects of Rho-kinase inhibitor and angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist on the vascular function in hypertensive rats induced by chronic l-NAME treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Abstract
Hypertension is one of the common diseases in the elderly. The prevalence of hypertension markedly increases with advancing age. Both aging and hypertension have a critical role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Although aging and hypertension, either independently or collectively, impair endothelial function, aging and hypertension may have similar cascades for the pathogenesis and development of endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in regulation of vascular tone. Decrease in NO bioavailability by endothelial dysfunction would lead to elevation of blood pressure. An imbalance of reduced production of NO or increased production of reactive oxygen species, mainly superoxide, may promote endothelial dysfunction. One possible mechanism by which the prevalence of hypertension is increased in relation to aging may be advancing endothelial dysfunction associated with aging through an increase in oxidative stress. In addition, endothelial cell senescence is also involved in aging-related endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on recent findings and interactions between endothelial function, oxidative stress and hypertension in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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The vasorelaxant mechanisms of a Rho kinase inhibitor DL0805 in rat thoracic aorta. Molecules 2012; 17:5935-44. [PMID: 22609784 PMCID: PMC6268074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-kinase has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The Rho-kinase signaling pathway is substantially involved in vascular contraction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vasorelaxant effects of Rho kinase inhibitor DL0805 in isolated rat aortic rings and to investigate its possible mechanism(s). It was found that DL0805 exerted vasorelaxation in a dose-dependent manner in NE or KCl-induced sustained contraction and partial loss of the vasorelaxation under endothelium-denuded rings. The DL0805-induced vasorelaxation was significantly reduced by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. The voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine remarkably attenuated DL0805-induced relaxations. However, the ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker glibenclamide and Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium did not affect the DL0805-induced relaxation. In the endothelium-denuded rings, DL0805 also reduced NE-induced transient contraction and inhibited contraction induced by increasing external calcium. These findings suggested that DL0805 is a novel vasorelaxant compound associated with inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. The NO-cGMP pathway may be involved in the relaxation of DL0805 in endothelium-intact aorta. The vasorelaxant effect of DL0805 is partially mediated by the opening of the voltage-dependent K+ channels.
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Goulopoulou S, Hannan JL, Matsumoto T, Webb RC. Pregnancy reduces RhoA/Rho kinase and protein kinase C signaling pathways downstream of thromboxane receptor activation in the rat uterine artery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H2477-88. [PMID: 22542618 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00900.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, reduced vascular responses to constrictors contribute to decreased uterine and total vascular resistance. Thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) is a potent vasoconstrictor that exerts its actions via diverse signaling pathways, and its biosynthesis increases in preeclampsia. In this study, we hypothesized that maternal vascular responses to TxA(2) will be attenuated via Rho kinase, PKC, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Isolated ring segments of uterine and small mesenteric arteries from late pregnant (19-21 days) and virgin rats were suspended in a myograph, and isometric force was measured. Pregnancy did not affect uterine and mesenteric artery responses to the TxA(2) analog U-46619 (10(-9)-10(-5) M), but transduction signals associated with these contractions were different between pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Inhibition of Rho kinase (10(-6) M Y-27632) reduced sensitivity to U-46619 in virgin uterine vessels but did not inhibit these contractions in pregnant uterine arteries and had no effect on mesenteric vessels. Treatment of arterial segments with a PKC inhibitor (10(-6) M bisindolylmaleimide I) reduced U-46619-induced contractions in virgin uterine and mesenteric arteries and in pregnant mesenteric arteries. Pregnant uterine arteries, however, were unresponsive to PKC inhibition. Inhibition of ERK1/2 (10(-5) M PD-98059) and p38 MAPK (10(-5) M SB-203580) reduced U46619-induced contractions in nonpregnant vessels and in pregnant uterine and mesenteric vessels. These data suggest that normal pregnancy does not affect uterine and mesenteric contractile responses to TxA(2) but reduces the contribution of Rho kinase and PKC signaling pathways to these contractions in the uterine vasculature. In contrast, the role of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in U-46619-induced uterine contractions remains unchanged with pregnancy. TxA(2)-associated transduction signals and its regulators might present potential targets for the development of new treatments for preeclampsia and other pregnancy-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
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Increased leukocyte Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase activity predicts the presence and severity of coronary vasospastic angina. Atherosclerosis 2012; 221:521-6. [PMID: 22293227 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although inhibition of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) has been shown to prevent coronary vasospastic angina (CVA), direct evidence linking ROCK activity and CVA is lacking. Accordingly, we investigated whether ROCK activity is an independent marker for CVA and is altered after treatment with antispastic medications. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively studied 31 Taiwanese patients who were diagnosed with CVA and 33 control subjects. Subject demographics were recorded, and blood samples were obtained at baseline in all participants and in CVA patients after 3 months of antispastic treatment. Compared with control subjects, leukocyte ROCK activity was greater in CVA patients (136% versus 91%, P<0.001). A cutoff value for leukocyte ROCK activity of 104% predicted the presence of CVA with specificity and sensitivity rates of 88% and 84%, respectively. ROCK activity increased with the severity of CVA (P for trend<0.001). Following 3-month treatment of antispastic agents, leukocyte ROCK activity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 levels were reduced by 43%, 42% and 27%, respectively (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of leukocyte ROCK activity independently predicted the presence of CVA and correlated with CVA severity. Treatment with antispastic agents substantially reduced the level of leukocyte ROCK activity.
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Ramos-Filho ACS, Mónica FZT, Franco-Penteado CF, Rojas-Moscoso JA, Báu FR, Schenka AA, De Nucci G, Antunes E. Characterization of the urinary bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2011; 30:1392-402. [PMID: 21661033 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Association between arterial hypertension and urinary bladder dysfunction has been reported in humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, no study exists evaluating the bladder dysfunction in conditions of renovascular hypertension. The purpose of this study was to characterize the bladder dysfunction in two kidney-one clip (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. METHODS A silver clip was placed around the renal artery of male Wistar rats. After 8 weeks, cystometric study, concentration-response curves to contractile and relaxant agents, frequency-dependent contractions, histomorphometry, muscarinic M(2) /M(3) mRNA expression and cyclic AMP measurements were performed. RESULTS 2K-1C rats showed enhanced bladder volume, wall thickness and smooth muscle density. 2K-1C rats also exhibited increases in bladder capacity and non-void contractions, and decreases in the inter-contraction intervals. In isolated detrusor smooth muscle (DSM), contractions to carbachol and electrical-field stimulation (EFS) were significantly greater in 2K-1C rats. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 (10 µM) significantly reduced the carbachol-induced contractions in SHAM and 2K-1C rats, but DSM remained overactive in 2K-1C rats in presence of Y27632. Concentration-dependent contractions to the P2X receptor agonist α,β-methylene ATP, KCl and extracellular Ca(2+) did not change between SHAM and 2K-1C groups. In 2K-1C rats, isoproterenol, metaproterenol and BRL 37-344 (non-selective, β(2) - and β(3) -selective adrenoceptor agonists, respectively) produced significantly lower relaxations and decreased cAMP levels, whereas relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside and BAY 41-2272 remained unchanged. Muscarinic M(3) mRNA expression receptors were higher in 2K-1C group. CONCLUSIONS Renovascular hypertensive rats exhibit bladder dysfunction that involves tissue remodeling and enhanced muscarinic M(3) -mediated contractions associated with reduced β-adrenoceptor-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C S Ramos-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Lima VV, Giachini FR, Hardy DM, Webb RC, Tostes RC. O-GlcNAcylation: a novel pathway contributing to the effects of endothelin in the vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R236-50. [PMID: 21068200 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00230.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) or O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is a posttranslational modification that alters the function of numerous proteins important in vascular function, including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, and cytoskeletal proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is an innovative way to think about vascular signaling events both in physiological conditions and in disease states. This posttranslational modification interferes with vascular processes, mainly vascular reactivity, in conditions where endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels are augmented (e.g. salt-sensitive hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion, and stroke). ET-1 plays a crucial role in the vascular function of most organ systems, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Recognition of ET-1 by the ET(A) and ET(B) receptors activates intracellular signaling pathways and cascades that result in rapid and long-term alterations in vascular activity and function. Components of these ET-1-activated signaling pathways (e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C, RhoA/Rho kinase) are also targets for O-GlcNAcylation. Recent experimental evidence suggests that ET-1 directly activates O-GlcNAcylation, and this posttranslational modification mediates important vascular effects of the peptide. This review focuses on ET-1-activated signaling pathways that can be modified by O-GlcNAcylation. A brief description of the O-GlcNAcylation biology is presented, and its role on vascular function is addressed. ET-1-induced O-GlcNAcylation and its implications for vascular function are then discussed. Finally, the interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and O-phosphorylation is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Lima
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Adult rats are more sensitive to the vascular effects induced by hyperhomocysteinemia than young rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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