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Genovesi S, Tassistro E, Giussani M, Antolini L, Lieti G, Orlando A, Montemerlo M, Patti I, Parati G. Association between lifestyle modifications and improvement of early cardiac damage in children and adolescents with excess weight and/or high blood pressure. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:4069-4082. [PMID: 37349569 PMCID: PMC10584714 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known whether, in children and adolescents with alterations in weight and/or blood pressure (BP), lifestyle modifications are associated with an improvement of early cardiac damage. METHODS In a pediatric population referred for excess weight, high BP, or both (n = 278, 10.6 (2.3) years), echocardiography was performed at enrollment and after 15 months of follow-up, during which participants received nonpharmacological treatment, based on correcting unhealthy lifestyles and improving dietary habits. Left ventricular mass was indexed for height (g/m2.7, LVMI), and an LVMI value higher than or equal to age- and gender-specific 95th percentile was the criterion for defining left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine associations between changes in BMI and BP z-scores and changes of LVMI values and LVH prevalence, from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, 33.1% of study participants were hypertensive, 52.9% obese, and 36.3% had LVH. At follow-up, the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and LVH was 18.7%, 30.2%, and 22.3%, respectively (p < 0.001 for all). A decrease in LVMI from 37.1 to 35.2 g/m2.7 (p < 0.001) was observed. Only delta BMI z-score positively related to an improvement of LVMI. Reductions of BMI (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.64) and diastolic BP (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.93) z-scores from baseline to follow-up and family history of hypertension (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.16-0.78) were associated with a lower prevalence of LVH. CONCLUSIONS In a pediatric population at cardiovascular risk, changing incorrect lifestyle and dietary habits is associated with both reduction of BMI and BP values and regression of early cardiac damage. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Genovesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20100, Milan, Italy.
- Cardiology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20100, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Tassistro
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 Center), School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giussani
- Cardiology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 Center), School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lieti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Cardiology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Montemerlo
- Cardiology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilenia Patti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20100, Milan, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20100, Milan, Italy
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2
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Kartal Öztürk G, Conkar S, Eşki A, Gülen F, Keskinoğlu A, Demir E. Evaluation of increased arterial stiffness in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis by augmentation index and pulse wave velocity analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:1147-1153. [PMID: 32057197 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in life expectancy, cardiovascular complications of cystic fibrosis (CF) have come to the forefront. Increased arterial stiffness is a marker of increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to compare both pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) measurements in children with CF and to compare them with healthy controls. We hypothesized that children with CF had increased arterial stiffness, although traditional risk factors for CVD were not observed. Forty-four patients and age and sex-matched 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Hemodynamic measurements were compared in both groups, together with traditional risk factors. Peripheral blood pressure parameters of CF and control groups were similar (P > .05). Bodyweight and BMI were significantly lower in the CF group (P < .001). Serum cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels were significantly lower in the CF group, whereas fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly higher than the control group (P < .05). Mean ± SD Aix was significantly higher in the CF group (33.22 ± 13.87%) compared with the control group (24.93 ± 10.58%), respectively (P < .05), while PWV was similar. No significant correlation between PWV and Aix and fasting blood glucose and lipid profile in both groups (P > .05). Children with CF have been shown to have increased arterial stiffness compared to healthy children. Although there are not many traditional risk factors, increased arterial stiffness have been demonstrated in children with CF. The effects of this process starting from childhood on the development of CVD in adulthood are not known. Therefore, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçen Kartal Öztürk
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Seçil Conkar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Aykut Eşki
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Figen Gülen
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Keskinoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Esen Demir
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
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Antonioli L, D'Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Benvenuti L, di Carlo A, van den Wijngaard R, Caputi V, Cerantola S, Giron MC, Németh ZH, Haskó G, Blandizzi C, Colucci R. Colonic dysmotility associated with high-fat diet-induced obesity: Role of enteric glia. FASEB J 2020; 34:5512-5524. [PMID: 32086846 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901844r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the role of enteric glial cells (EGCs) in colonic neuromuscular dysfunctions in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD or standard diet (SD) for 1, 2, or 8 weeks. Colonic interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Expression of occludin in colonic tissues was examined by western blot. Substance P (SP), S100β, GFAP, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (pERK) were assessed in whole mount specimens of colonic plexus by immunohistochemistry. Colonic tachykininergic contractions, elicited by electrical stimulation or exogenous SP, were recorded in the presence or absence of fluorocitrate (FC). To mimic exposure to HFD, cultured EGCs were incubated with palmitate (PA) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SP and IL-1β levels were assayed in the culture medium by ELISA. HFD mice displayed an increase in colonic IL-1β and MDA, and a reduction of occludin at week 2. These changes occurred to a greater extent at week 8. In vitro electrically evoked tachykininergic contractions were enhanced in HFD mice after 2 or 8 weeks, and they were blunted by FC. Colonic IL-6 levels as well as substance P and S100β density in myenteric ganglia of HFD mice were increased at week 8, but not at week 1 or 2. In cultured EGCs, co-incubation with palmitate plus LPS led to a significant increase in both SP and IL-1β release. HFD-induced obesity is characterized by a hyperactivation of EGCs and is involved in the development of enteric motor disorders through an increase in tachykininergic activity and release of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma di Carlo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renè van den Wijngaard
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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The Effects of a 12-Week Combined Exercise Training Program on Arterial Stiffness, Vasoactive Substances, Inflammatory Markers, Metabolic Profile, and Body Composition in Obese Adolescent Girls. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2018; 30:480-486. [PMID: 30193554 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2017-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood and adolescent obesity is a major international public health crisis. It is crucial to prevent the negative effects of obesity at an early age by implementing appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. We evaluated the effects of a combined resistance and aerobic exercise training (CET) regimen on arterial stiffness, vasoactive substances, inflammatory markers, metabolic profile, and body composition in obese adolescent girls. METHODS A total of 30 obese adolescent girls were randomly assigned to a CET (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). The CET group trained for 3 days per week. Plasma nitric oxide, endothelin-1, C-reactive protein, arterial stiffness, glucose, insulin, the adiponectin/leptin ratio, and body fat were measured before and after 12 weeks. RESULTS There were significant increases (P < .05) in nitric oxide (4.0 μM) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (0.33); and decreases (P < .05) in arterial stiffness (-1.0 m/s), C-reactive protein (-0.5 mg/L), glucose (-1.2 mmol/L), insulin (-17.1 μU/mL), and body fat (-3.6%) following CET compared with control. There were no significant changes in endothelin-1 after CET or control. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that CET improves arterial stiffness, nitric oxide, and inflammatory and metabolic markers in obese adolescent girls. CET may have important health implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis at an early age.
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5
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Antonioli L, Caputi V, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Gentile D, Giron MC, Orso G, Bernardini N, Segnani C, Ippolito C, Csóka B, Haskó G, Németh ZH, Scarpignato C, Blandizzi C, Colucci R. Interplay between colonic inflammation and tachykininergic pathways in the onset of colonic dysmotility in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:331-343. [PMID: 30082748 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The murine model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is characterized by an increment of intestinal permeability, secondary to an impairment of mucosal epithelial barrier and enteric inflammation, followed by morphofunctional rearrangement of the enteric nervous system. The present study investigated the involvement of abdominal macrophages in the mechanisms underlying the development of enteric dysmotility associated with obesity. METHODS Wild type C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD (60% kcal from fat) or normocaloric diet (NCD, 18% kcal from fat) for 8 weeks. Groups of mice fed with NCD or HFD were treated with clodronate encapsulated into liposomes to deplete abdominal macrophages. Tachykininergic contractions, elicited by electrical stimulation or exogenous substance P (SP), were recorded in vitro from longitudinal muscle colonic preparations. Substance P distribution was examined by confocal immunohistochemistry. The density of macrophages in the colonic wall was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA, colorimetric assay) and IL-1β (ELISA assay) levels were also evaluated. RESULTS MDA and IL-1β levels were increased in colonic tissues from HFD-treated animals. In colonic preparations, electrically evoked tachykininergic contractions were enhanced in HFD mice. Immunohistochemistry displayed an increase in substance P immunoreactivity in myenteric ganglia, as well as in the muscular layers of colonic cryosections from obese mice. Macrophage depletion in HFD mice was associated with a significant reduction of colonic inflammation. In addition, the decrease in macrophage density attenuated the morphofunctional alterations of tachykininergic pathways observed in obese mice. CONCLUSION Obesity elicited by HFD determines a condition of colonic inflammation, followed by a marked rearrangement of motor excitatory tachykininergic enteric nerves. Macrophage depletion counteracted the morphofunctional changes of colonic neuromuscular compartment, suggesting a critical role for these immune cells in the onset of enteric dysmotility associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,San Camillo Hospital, Treviso, Italy.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini-, Lecco, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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6
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Gentile D, Fornai M, Colucci R, Pellegrini C, Tirotta E, Benvenuti L, Segnani C, Ippolito C, Duranti E, Virdis A, Carpi S, Nieri P, Németh ZH, Pistelli L, Bernardini N, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L. The flavonoid compound apigenin prevents colonic inflammation and motor dysfunctions associated with high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195502. [PMID: 29641549 PMCID: PMC5895026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Apigenin can exert beneficial actions in the prevention of obesity. However, its putative action on obesity-associated bowel motor dysfunctions is unknown. This study examined the effects of apigenin on colonic inflammatory and motor abnormalities in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Experimental approach Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD). SD or HFD mice were treated with apigenin (10 mg/Kg/day). After 8 weeks, body and epididymal fat weight, as well as cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β and IL-6 levels, and let-7f expression were also examined. Colonic infiltration by eosinophils, as well as substance P (SP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were evaluated. Motor responses elicited under blockade of NOS and tachykininergic contractions were recorded in vitro from colonic longitudinal muscle preparations. Key results When compared to SD mice, HFD animals displayed increased body weight, epididymal fat weight and metabolic indexes. HFD mice showed increments in colonic MDA, IL-1β and IL-6 levels, as well as a decrease in let-7f expression in both colonic and epididymal tissues. HFD mice displayed an increase in colonic eosinophil infiltration. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in SP and iNOS expression in myenteric ganglia of HFD mice. In preparations from HFD mice, electrically evoked contractions upon NOS blockade or mediated by tachykininergic stimulation were enhanced. In HFD mice, Apigenin counteracted the increase in body and epididymal fat weight, as well as the alterations of metabolic indexes. Apigenin reduced also MDA, IL-1β and IL-6 colonic levels as well as eosinophil infiltration, SP and iNOS expression, along with a normalization of electrically evoked tachykininergic and nitrergic contractions. In addition, apigenin normalized let-7f expression in epididymal fat tissues, but not in colonic specimens. Conclusions and implications Apigenin prevents systemic metabolic alterations, counteracts enteric inflammation and normalizes colonic dysmotility associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Tirotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emiliano Duranti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoltán H. Németh
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Morita N, Kambayashi I, Okuda T, Oda S, Takada S, Nakajima T, Shide N, Shinkaiya H, Okita K. Inverse Relationship between Sleep Duration and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Children. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:819-826. [PMID: 27904026 PMCID: PMC5556189 DOI: 10.5551/jat.36517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Poor sleep has been shown to be associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, in both adults and children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and arterial stiffness indices in Japanese children and early adolescents. METHODS The data on 102 students (56 males, 46 females; mean age, 11.9±1.8 years) were analyzed. As non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV) were evaluated. Their students' sleep habits (bedtime and wake times on a usual weekday) were investigated using questionnaires, and based on these, their sleep durations were calculated. RESULTS The CAVI values in the males and females were 4.8±0.9 and 4.7±0.9 (arbitrary unit), respectively. haPWV values in the males and females were 5.5±0.6 and 5.4±0.6 m/s, respectively. Sleep duration in the males, but not in the females, was negatively correlated with CAVI (r=-0.356) and haPWV (r=-0.356), suggesting that students with short sleep duration could have increased arterial stiffness. After adjusting for confounders, such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, adiposity, and physical fitness, the correlation of sleep duration with CAVI, but not with haPWV, was still significant (partial r=-0.253, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that shorter sleep duration influences arterial stiffening even in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriteru Morita
- Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyasu Okuda
- Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Oda
- Department of Sport Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Shide
- Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinkaiya
- Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Okita
- Department of Sport Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
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8
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Curcio S, García-Espinosa V, Castro JM, Peluso G, Marotta M, Arana M, Chiesa P, Giachetto G, Bia D, Zócalo Y. High Blood Pressure States in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Associate Accelerated Vascular Aging, with a Higher Impact in Females' Arterial Properties. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:840-852. [PMID: 28289784 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine (1) whether the presence of High blood pressure (HBP) states in the youth associate a steeper rate of age-related change in arterial geometrical and wall properties with respect to subjects with no previous cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) exposure, (2) in which parameters and in what magnitude, and (3) the existence of a gender-related difference in the impact of this condition on arterial properties. 300 individuals (mean/range: 15/4-29 years; 133 females) were included. Two groups were assembled: (1) Reference: nonprevious exposure to traditional CRF and (2) HBP: subjects with arterial hypertension and/or elevated blood pressure (BP) levels during the study. Additionally, HBP subjects were separated in BP-related subgroups. Measured parameters were (1) central (aortic) arterial BP and aortic pulse wave analysis parameters, (2) carotid and femoral artery local (pressure-strain elastic modulus) and regional (pulse wave velocity; PWV) stiffness, and (3) arterial diameters and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Age-related changes in these parameters (absolute values and z-scores) were explored by obtaining simple linear regression models for each group. HBP presented a steeper rate of change (accelerated vascular aging; VA) for most of the parameters assessed, mainly in central (aortic) hemodynamics. VA increased as the HBP level got higher. Both males' and females' aging rates were affected by this condition, but females presented a more marked relative age-related increase with HBP exposure. HBP states in the youth gradually associate accelerated VA, with a progressive hemodynamic-structural-functional onset of damage, with females presenting a more marked relative HBP-associated arterial repercussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Curcio
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V García-Espinosa
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J M Castro
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Peluso
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Marotta
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Basic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital, Republic University, Avenida Italia w/n, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Arana
- Clínica Pediátrica "C", Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, ASSE - Republic University, Boulevard Artigas 1550, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - P Chiesa
- Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, ASSE-Ministry of Public Health, Boulevard Artigas 1550, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Giachetto
- Clínica Pediátrica "C", Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, ASSE - Republic University, Boulevard Artigas 1550, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - D Bia
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Zócalo
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Growing-Related Changes in Arterial Properties of Healthy Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Nonexposed to Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Analysis of Gender-Related Differences. Int J Hypertens 2016; 2016:4982676. [PMID: 26989504 PMCID: PMC4775809 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4982676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of our work were to determine normal aging rates for structural and functional arterial parameters in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults and to identify gender-related differences in these aging rates. Methods. 161 subjects (mean: 15 years (range: 4–28 years), 69 females) were studied. Subjects included had no congenital or chronic diseases, nor had they been previously exposed to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Arterial parameters assessed were (1) central blood pressure (BP) and aortic pulse wave analysis, (2) arterial local (pressure-strain elastic modulus) and regional (pulse wave velocity, PWV) stiffness, and (3) arterial diameters and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Simple linear regression models (age as the independent variable) were obtained for all the parameters and the resulting rates of change were compared between genders. Results. No gender-related differences were found in mean values of arterial structural and functional parameters in prepubertal ages (4–8 years), but they started to appear at ~15 years. Boys showed a greater rate of change for central systolic BP, central pulse pressure, CIMT, and carotid-femoral PWV. Conclusion. Gender-related differences in arterial characteristics of adults can be explained on the basis of different growing-related patterns between boys and girls, with no existing differences in prepubertal ages.
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