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Sepasi T, Ghadiri T, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Bani F, Talebi M, Rahbarghazi R, Khodakarimi S, Beyrampour-Basmenj H, Seidi K, Abbaspour-Ravasjani S, Sadeghi MR, Zarebkohan A, Gao H. CDX-modified chitosan nanoparticles remarkably reduce therapeutic dose of fingolimod in the EAE model of mice. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122815. [PMID: 36907279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod (Fin), an FDA-approved drug, is used to control relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). This therapeutic agent faces crucial drawbacks like poor bioavailability rate, risk of cardiotoxicity, potent immunosuppressive effects, and high cost. Here, we aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of nano-formulated Fin in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Results showed the suitability of the present protocol in the synthesis of Fin-loaded CDX-modified chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) (Fin@CSCDX) with suitable physicochemical features. Confocal microscopy confirmed the appropriate accumulation of synthesized NPs within the brain parenchyma. Compared to the control EAE mice, INF-γ levels were significantly reduced in the group that received Fin@CSCDX (p < 0.05). Along with these data, Fin@CSCDX reduced the expression of TBX21, GATA3, FOXP3, and Rorc associated with the auto-reactivation of T cells (p < 0.05). Histological examination indicated a low-rate lymphocyte infiltration into the spinal cord parenchyma after the administration of Fin@CSCDX. Of note, HPLC data revealed that the concentration of nano-formulated Fin was about 15-fold less than Fin therapeutic doses (TD) with similar reparative effects. Neurological scores were similar in both groups that received nano-formulated fingolimod 1/15th of free Fin therapeutic amounts. Fluorescence imaging indicated that macrophages and especially microglia can efficiently uptake Fin@CSCDX NPs, leading to the regulation of pro-inflammatory responses. Taken together, current results indicated that CDX-modified CS NPs provide a suitable platform not only for the efficient reduction of Fin TD but also these NPs can target the brain immune cells during neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sepasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ghadiri
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognitive, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognitive, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Bani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Khodakarimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Neuroscience and Cognitive, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. Biased and allosteric modulation of bone cell-expressing G protein-coupled receptors as a novel approach to osteoporosis therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105794. [PMID: 34329703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On the cellular level, osteoporosis (OP) is a result of imbalanced bone remodeling, in which osteoclastic bone resorption outcompetes osteoblastic bone formation. Currently available OP medications include both antiresorptive and bone-forming drugs. However, their long-term use in OP patients, mainly in postmenopausal women, is accompanied by severe side effects. Notably, the fundamental coupling between bone resorption and formation processes underlies the existence of an undesirable secondary outcome that bone anabolic or anti-resorptive drugs also reduce bone formation. This drawback requires the development of anti-OP drugs capable of selectively stimulating osteoblastogenesis and concomitantly reducing osteoclastogenesis. We propose that the application of small synthetic biased and allosteric modulators of bone cell receptors, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family, could be the key to resolving the undesired anti-OP drug selectivity. This approach is based on the capacity of these GPCR modulators, unlike the natural ligands, to trigger signaling pathways that promote beneficial effects on bone remodeling while blocking potentially deleterious effects. Under the settings of OP, an optimal anti-OP drug should provide fine-tuned regulation of downstream effects, for example, intermittent cyclic AMP (cAMP) elevation, preservation of Ca2+ balance, stimulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and estrogen production, suppression of sclerostin secretion, and/or preserved/enhanced canonical β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway. As such, selective modulation of GPCRs involved in bone remodeling presents a promising approach in OP treatment. This review focuses on the evidence for the validity of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel.
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Bove R, Okai A, Houtchens M, Elias-Hamp B, Lugaresi A, Hellwig K, Kubala Havrdová E. Effects of Menopause in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: An Evidence-Based Review. Front Neurol 2021; 12:554375. [PMID: 33815241 PMCID: PMC8017266 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.554375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over two thirds of all individuals who develop multiple sclerosis (MS) will be women prior to the age of menopause. Further, an estimated 30% of the current MS population consists of peri- or postmenopausal women. The presence of MS does not appear to influence age of menopausal onset. In clinical practice, symptoms of MS and menopause can frequently overlap, including disturbances in cognition, mood, sleep, and bladder function, which can create challenges in ascertaining the likely cause of symptoms to be treated. A holistic and comprehensive approach to address these common physical and psychological changes is often suggested to patients during menopause. Although some studies have suggested that women with MS experience reduced relapse rates and increased disability progression post menopause, the data are not consistent enough for firm conclusions to be drawn. Mechanisms through which postmenopausal women with MS may experience disability progression include neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration from age-associated phenomena such as immunosenescence and inflammaging. Additional effects are likely to result from reduced levels of estrogen, which affects MS disease course. Following early retrospective studies of women with MS receiving steroid hormones, more recent interventional trials of exogenous hormone use, albeit as oral contraceptive, have provided some indications of potential benefit on MS outcomes. This review summarizes current research on the effects of menopause in women with MS, including the psychological impact and symptoms of menopause on disease worsening, and the treatment options. Finally, we highlight the need for more inclusion of MS patients from underrepresented racial and geographic groups in clinical trials, including among menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley Bove
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Annette Okai
- Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Maria Houtchens
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Birte Elias-Hamp
- Neurological Private Practice, Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Lugaresi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kerstin Hellwig
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum and St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Medical Faculty, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Chatzikonstantinou T, Gavriilaki M, Anagnostopoulos A, Gavriilaki E. An Update in Drug-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:212. [PMID: 32528969 PMCID: PMC7256484 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Gavriilaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- BMT Unit, Hematology Department, G Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Detrimental role of sphingosine kinase 1 in kidney damage in DOCA-salt hypertensive model: evidence from knockout mice. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:173. [PMID: 32393187 PMCID: PMC7216348 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive metabolite of sphingolipids and produced by sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2). SphK1/S1P pathway is implicated in the progression of chronic kidney disease. However, the role of SphK1/S1P pathway in renal injury in hypertension has not been reported. This study tested the hypothesis that SphK1/S1P pathway mediates the kidney damage in DOCA-salt hypertensive mice. Methods Male wild type (WT) C57BL6 and SphK1 knockout (KO) mice were subjected to unilateral nephrectomy, subcutaneous implant containing 50 mg of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and 1% NaCl drinking water for 7 weeks. At the end of experiments, blood pressure data, 24 h urine and kidney samples were collected. Renal mRNA levels of SphK1 were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Markers for fibrogenesis and immune cell infiltration in kidneys were detected using Western blot and immunohistochemistray analysis, respectively. The glomerular morphological changes were examined in kidney tissue slides stained with Periodic-Acid Schiff. Four groups were studied: wild type control (WT-C), WT-DOCA, KO-C and KO-DOCA. Results The renal SphK1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in WT-DOCA mice, whereas this upregulation of renal SphK1 mRNA was blocked in KO-DOCA mice. There was no difference in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension between WT and KO mice. The urinary albumin was increased in both DOCA-salt groups. However, the albuminuria was significantly lower in KO-DOCA than in WT-DOCA group. There were increases in glomerulosclerosis indices in both DOCA-salt groups, whereas the increases were also significantly lower in KO-DOCA than in WT-DOCA mice. Renal protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin were upregulated in both DOCA-salt groups, but the increase was significant lower in KO-DOCA than in WT-DOCA group. The increased staining areas of collagen detected by Sirius Red-staining in kidney tissue sections were also attenuated in KO-DOCA compared with WT-DOCA mice. In contrast, the increased infiltration of CD43+ (a T cell marker) or CD68+ (a macrophage marker) cells in DOCA-salt kidneys showed no significant difference between WT-DOCA and KO-DOCA mice. Conclusions SphK1/S1P signaling pathway mediates kidney damage in DOCA-salt hypertensive mice independent of blood pressure and immune modulation.
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