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Abd-Rabo ZS, Serry AM, George RF. An overview of pyridazin-3(2 H)-one: a core for developing bioactive agents targeting cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Future Med Chem 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39105606 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2379234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer are the top two leading causes of death globally. Vasodilators are commonly used to treat various CVDs. In cancer treatment, targeted anticancer agents have been developed to minimize side effects compared with traditional chemotherapy. Many hypertension patients are more prone to cancer, a case known as reverse cardio-oncology. This leads to the search for drugs with dual activity or repurposing strategy to discover new therapeutic uses for known drugs. Recently, medicinal chemists have shown great interest in synthesizing pyridazinone derivatives due to their significant biological activities in tackling these critical health challenges. This review will concentrate on pyridazin-3(2H)-one-containing compounds as vasodilators and anticancer agents, along with a brief overview of various methods for their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab S Abd-Rabo
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information MTI, Cairo, 11571, Egypt
| | - Aya M Serry
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information MTI, Cairo, 11571, Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Cipolla MJ, Tremble SM. Stroke in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia: Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin Treatment on Collateral Flow Velocity and Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation During Ischemia in Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035990. [PMID: 38934871 PMCID: PMC11255710 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental preeclampsia (ePE) has been shown to have worsened outcome from stroke. We investigated the effect of low-dose aspirin, known to prevent preeclampsia, on stroke hemodynamics and outcome, and the association between the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator cyclooxygenase products thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin. METHODS AND RESULTS Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed for 3 hours with 1 hour of reperfusion in normal pregnant rats on day 20 of gestation and compared with ePE treated with vehicle or low-dose aspirin (1.5 mg/kg per day). Multisite laser Doppler was used to measure changes in cerebral blood flow to the core middle cerebral artery and collateral vascular territories. After 30 minutes occlusion, phenylephrine was infused to increase blood pressure and assess cerebral blood flow autoregulation. Infarct and edema were measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Plasma levels of thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and inflammatory markers in plasma and cyclooxygenase levels in cerebral arteries were measured. ePE had increased infarction compared with normal pregnant rats (P<0.05) that was reduced by aspirin (P<0.001). ePE also had intact cerebral blood flow autoregulation and reduced collateral perfusion during induced hypertension that was also prevented by aspirin. Aspirin increased prostacyclin in ePE (P<0.05) without reducing thromboxane B2, metabolite of thromboxane A2, or 8-isoprostane-prostaglandin-2α, a marker of lipid peroxidation. There were no differences in cyclooxygenase levels in cerebral arteries between groups. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose aspirin in ePE reduced infarction that was associated with increased vasodilator prostacyclin and improved collateral perfusion during induced hypertension. The beneficial effect of aspirin on the brain and cerebral circulation is likely multifactorial and worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J. Cipolla
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
- Department of PharmacologyLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Sarah M. Tremble
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
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Hunt RD, Cipolla MJ. Chronic hypertension alters the relationship between collateral blood flow, cortical cerebral blood flow, and brain tissue oxygenation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241258569. [PMID: 38806143 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241258569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This study measured the relationship between pial collateral (leptomeningeal anastomoses, LMA) flow, intraparenchymal cortical cerebral blood flow (cCBF) and brain tissue oxygenation (btO2) during acute ischemic stroke to investigate how pial flow translates to downstream cCBF and btO2 and examined how this relationship is altered in hypertension. Proximal transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed in male Wistar (n = 8/group) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR, n = 8/group). A combination laser Doppler-oxygen probe was placed within the expected cortical peri-infarct in addition to a surface laser doppler probe which measured LMA flow. Phenylephrine (PE) was infused 30 minutes into tMCAO to increase blood pressure (BP) by 30% for 10 minutes and assessed CBF autoregulation. During the initial 30-minute period of tMCAO, btO2 and cCBF were lower in SHR compared to Wistar rats (btO2: 11.5 ± 10.5 vs 17.5 ± 10.8 mmHg and cCBF: -29.7 ± 23.3% vs -17.8 ± 41.9%); however, LMA flow was similar between groups. The relationship between LMA flow, cCBF and btO2 were interdependent in Wistar rats. However, this relationship was disrupted in SHR rats and partially restored by induced hypertension. This study provides evidence that cCBF and btO2 were diminished during tMCAO in chronic hypertension, and that induced hypertension was beneficial regardless of hypertensive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Hunt
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Gannon O, Tremble SM, McGinn C, Guth R, Scoppettone N, Hunt RD, Prakash K, Johnson AC. Angiotensin II-mediated hippocampal hypoperfusion and vascular dysfunction contribute to vascular cognitive impairment in aged hypertensive rats. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:890-903. [PMID: 37817376 PMCID: PMC10917018 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hypertension increases the risk of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) by ∼60%; however, how hypertension affects the vasculature of the hippocampus remains unclear but could contribute to VCI. METHODS Memory, hippocampal perfusion, and hippocampal arteriole (HA) function were investigated in male Wistar rats or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in early (4 to 5 months old), mid (8 to 9 months old), or late adulthood (14 to 15 months old). SHR in late adulthood were chronically treated with captopril (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) or apocynin (antioxidant) to investigate the mechanisms by which hypertension contributes to VCI. RESULTS Impaired memory in SHR in late adulthood was associated with HA endothelial dysfunction, hyperconstriction, and ∼50% reduction in hippocampal blood flow. Captopril, but not apocynin, improved HA function, restored perfusion, and rescued memory function in aged SHR. DISCUSSION Hippocampal vascular dysfunction contributes to hypertension-induced memory decline through angiotensin II signaling, highlighting the therapeutic potential of HAs in protecting neurocognitive health later in life. HIGHLIGHTS Vascular dysfunction in the hippocampus contributes to vascular cognitive impairment. Memory declines with age during chronic hypertension. Angiotensin II causes endothelial dysfunction in the hippocampus in hypertension. Angiotensin II-mediated hippocampal arteriole dysfunction reduces blood flow. Vascular dysfunction in the hippocampus impairs perfusion and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Gannon
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Sarah M. Tremble
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Conor McGinn
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Ruby Guth
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Nadia Scoppettone
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Ryan D. Hunt
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Kirtika Prakash
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Abbie C. Johnson
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA
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Li SC, Jiang TM, Zhang JH, Zeng MY, Ma YX, Feng SY, Wang QH, Yan XW. Salt Restriction and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Improve the Responsiveness of the Small Artery in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:572-580. [PMID: 37082725 PMCID: PMC10110468 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.79741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
For salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH), salt restriction and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are essential treatments, but their effect on the function of resistance arteries is unclear. Here, we present an intravital study to detect the effect of salt restriction and ACE inhibitors on the function of the mesenteric small artery (MSA) in SSH. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were randomized into the following groups: ACE inhibitor gavage, salt restriction, ACE inhibitor combined with salt restriction, and high-salt diet. After a 12-week intervention, the mesenteric vessels maintained their perfusion in vivo, and the changes in the diameter and blood perfusion of the MSAs to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) were detected. Switching from a high-salt diet to a low-salt diet (i.e., salt restriction) attenuated the vasoconstriction of the MSAs to NE and promoted the vasodilatation to ACh, while ACE inhibitor improved the vasodilatation more obviously. Pathologically, changes in local ACE, AT1R, and eNOS expression were involved in these processes induced by a high-salt diet. Our study suggests that salt restriction and ACE inhibitor treatment improve high salt intake-induced MSA dysfunction in SSH, and salt restriction is a feasible and effective treatment. Our findings may provide a scientific basis for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tong-Meng Jiang
- Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shu-Yi Feng
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qing-Hai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Cipolla MJ. Therapeutic Induction of Collateral Flow. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:53-65. [PMID: 35416577 PMCID: PMC10155807 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic induction of collateral flow as a means to salvage tissue and improve outcome from acute ischemic stroke is a promising approach in the era in which endovascular therapy is no longer time-dependent but collateral-dependent. The importance of collateral flow enhancement as a therapeutic for acute ischemic stroke extends beyond those patients with large amounts of salvageable tissue. It also has the potential to extend the time window for reperfusion therapies in patients who are ineligible for endovascular thrombectomy. In addition, collateral enhancement may be an important adjuvant to neuroprotective agents by providing a more robust vascular route for which treatments can gain access to at risk tissue. However, our understanding of collateral hemodynamics, including under comorbid conditions that are highly prevalent in the stroke population, has hindered the efficacy of collateral flow augmentation for improving stroke outcome in the clinical setting. This review will discuss our current understanding of pial collateral function and hemodynamics, including vasoactivity that is critical for enhancing penumbral perfusion. In addition, mechanisms by which collateral flow can be increased during acute ischemic stroke to limit ischemic injury, that may be different depending on the state of the brain and vasculature prior to stroke, will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, HSRF 416A, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Johnson AC, Tremble SM, Cipolla MJ. Experimental Preeclampsia Causes Long-Lasting Hippocampal Vascular Dysfunction and Memory Impairment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:889918. [PMID: 35615682 PMCID: PMC9124928 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.889918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is associated with memory impairment, cognitive decline and brain atrophy later in life in women at ages as young as early-to-mid 40 s. PE increases the risk of vascular dementia three-fold, however, long-lasting effects of PE on the vasculature of vulnerable brain regions involved in memory and cognition, such as the hippocampus, remain unknown. Here, we used a rat model of experimental PE (ePE) induced by maintaining rats on a 2% cholesterol diet beginning on day 7 of gestation to investigate hippocampal function later in life. Hippocampal-dependent memory and hippocampal arteriole (HA) function were determined in Sprague Dawley rats 5 months after either a healthy pregnancy or ePE (n = 8/group). Rats that had ePE were hypertensive and had impaired vasoreactivity of HAs to mediators involved in matching neuronal activity with local blood flow (i.e., neurovascular coupling). ePE rats also had impaired long-term memory, but not spatial memory. Thus, this model of ePE mimics some of the long-lasting cardiovascular and cognitive consequences that occur in women who previously had PE. These findings suggest endothelial and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction of HAs were present months after PE that could impair hippocampal neurovascular coupling. This represents a novel vascular mechanism by which PE causes early-onset dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie C. Johnson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States,*Correspondence: Abbie C. Johnson,
| | - Sarah M. Tremble
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Marilyn J. Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
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Bioinformatics analysis of potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 infection in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:437-447. [PMID: 35344771 PMCID: PMC8937610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a new coronavirus that constitutes a great challenge to human health. At this stage, there are still cases of COVID-19 infection in some countries and regions, in which ischemic stroke (IS) is a risk factor for new coronavirus pneumonia, and patients with COVID-19 infection have a dramatically elevated risk of stroke. At the same time, patients with long-term IS are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and have more severe disease, and carotid atherosclerosis is an early lesion in IS. METHODS This study used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived monolayer brain cell dataset and human carotid atherosclerosis genome-wide dataset to analyze COVID-19 infection and carotid atherosclerosis patients to determine the synergistic effect of new coronavirus infection on carotid atherosclerosis patients, to clarify the common genes of both, and to identify common pathways and potential drugs for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with COVID-19 infection RESULTS: Using several advanced bioinformatics tools, we present the causes of COVID-19 infection leading to increased mortality in carotid atherosclerosis patients and the susceptibility of carotid atherosclerosis patients to COVID-19. Potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19 -infected patients with carotid atherosclerosis are also proposed. CONCLUSIONS With COVID-19 being a relatively new disease, associations have been proposed for its connections with several ailments and conditions, including IS and carotid atherosclerosis. More patient-based data-sets and studies are needed to fully explore and understand the relationship.
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The effect of continuous Jue tone intervention on blood pressure and vasoactive substances in hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cipolla MJ. Thomas Willis Lecture: Targeting Brain Arterioles for Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 2021; 52:2465-2477. [PMID: 34102855 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington
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Fei L, Huimei H, Dongmin C. Pivalopril improves anti-cancer efficiency of cDDP in breast cancer through inhibiting proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:853-860. [PMID: 33008601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among female worldwide. Cisplatin (cDDP) is one of the most effective chemotherapies for the treatment of breast cancer. Nevertheless, there is an urgent requirement to reduce its systemic side effects and chemoresistance. In this present study, pivalopril (PP), a clinically used antihypertensive drug, has been verified as a chemosensitizer that extremely improves the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to cDDP. PP treatment markedly promoted the capacity of cDDP to reduce the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The combination of PP and cDDP significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in breast cancer cells, accompanied with reduced angiogenesis. Furthermore, PP plus cDDP effectively reduced the cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. The in vivo studies confirmed that the anti-metastatic effect of cDDP was further improved by PP, as evidenced by the markedly decreased number of metastatic nodules in lungs. Moreover, we confirmed that PP combined with cDDP cooperatively suppressed tumor growth in breast cancer xenograft mouse models without extra toxicity. Together, the present study provided the first evidence that PP greatly sensitized breast cancer cells to cDDP without additional toxicity, and the synergistic effect may be mainly through cooperatively inhibiting proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inducing apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Department of Galactophore, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Huang Huimei
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Chang Dongmin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Cipolla MJ, Chan SL. Impact of Acute and Chronic Hypertension on Changes in Pial Collateral Tone In Vivo During Transient Ischemia. Hypertension 2020; 76:1019-1026. [PMID: 32683904 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated vasoconstrictive responses of pial collaterals in vivo at baseline and during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion during chronic hypertension. A cranial window was used to measure diameter of leptomeningeal anastomoses (pial collaterals) in male Wistar (n=8) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs; n=8) using video dimensional analysis. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by remote filament for 2 hours with 2 hours reperfusion. Phenylephrine was infused during ischemia as a pressor therapy. Active diameters of pial collaterals were significantly smaller in SHRs versus Wistar (14.1±1.5 versus 21.6±2.8 µm; P<0.01); however, passive diameters were similar (25.0±2.9 versus 25.0±2.6 µm; P>0.05). Basal tone of pial collaterals before occlusion was 42±5% in SHRs versus 15±4% in Wistar (P<0.01). Tone decreased in both Wistar and SHRs during occlusion but remained higher in SHRs (9±2% versus 29±4%; P<0.05). Phenylephrine increased blood pressure in both groups but had little effect on leptomeningeal anastomoses diameters. Reperfusion caused vasoconstriction of pial collaterals, increasing tone from 8±1% to 20±5% in Wistar and 29±5% to 44±5% in SHRs (P<0.01). Higher tone in pial collaterals from SHRs basally and during occlusion/reperfusion could limit flow to the penumbra and promote evolution of infarction. Sustained elevated tone of pial collaterals from SHRs with phenylephrine suggests pressor therapy may not be appropriate during chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- From the Departments of Neurological Sciences, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- From the Departments of Neurological Sciences, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
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