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Lu CC. Effect of PGE2 on TT cells viability and division. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106880. [PMID: 39121944 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced a marked increase in calcitonin secretion in human C-cells derived from medullary thyroid carcinoma. However, it's unclear whether PGE2 can increase the growth of C cells. In this study, we use TT cells as a C cell model to investigate the effect of PGE2 on the growth of C cells. The results revealed that both PGE2 and arachidonic acid (AA) significantly increased the count of TT cells, whereas indomethacin and Dup697 reduced this count. Notably, an increase in the level of AA was associated with an increase in the number of proliferating TT cells, indicating a dose-response relationship. PGE2 and its receptor agonists (sulprostone and butaprost) enhanced the proliferation of TT cells. By contrast, 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE2 exerted no significant effect on TT cell proliferation, whereas L161982 suppressed it. The positive effect of AA on TT cell proliferation was inhibited by indomethacin, NS398, Dup697 (complete inhibition), and SC560. Both PGE2 and AA increased the level of p-STAT5a. The positive effect of AA on p-STAT5a was completely inhibited by Dup697 but not indomethacin, NS398, or SC560. Treatment with indomethacin or Dup697 alone reduced the level of STAT5a in TT cells. AA increased the level of STAT5a, but this effect was inhibited by indomethacin, NS398, and Dup697. Overall, this study confirms the effect of PGE2 on the proliferation of TT cells. This effect is likely mediated through EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors and associated with an increase in p-STAT5a level within TT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chen Lu
- Department of Optometry, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, No.92, Shengjing Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112021, Taiwan, ROC.
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Qiang E, Xu H. PGE 2 synthesis and signaling in the liver physiology and pathophysiology: An update. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106875. [PMID: 39019102 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in systemic metabolism and drug degradation. However, it is highly susceptible to damage due to various factors, including metabolic imbalances, excessive alcohol consumption, viral infections, and drug influences. These factors often result in conditions such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and acute or chronic liver injury. Failure to address these injuries could promptly lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that belongs to the class of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and is synthesized via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. By binding to its G protein coupled receptors (i.e., EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4), PGE2 has a wide range of physiological and pathophysiology effects, including pain, inflammation, fever, cardiovascular homeostasis, etc. Recently, emerging studies showed that PGE2 plays an indispensable role in liver health and disease. This review focus on the research progress of the role of PGE2 synthase and its receptors in liver physiological and pathophysiological processes and discuss the possibility of developing liver protective drugs targeting the COXs/PGESs/PGE2/EPs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjiao Qiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Kaiser-Graf D, Schulz A, Mangelsen E, Rothe M, Bolbrinker J, Kreutz R. Tissue lipidomic profiling supports a mechanistic role of the prostaglandin E2 pathway for albuminuria development in glomerular hyperfiltration. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1271042. [PMID: 38205443 PMCID: PMC10777844 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1271042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background: Glomerular hyperfiltration (GH) is an important mechanism in the development of albuminuria in hypertension. The Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rat is a non-diabetic model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with GH due to inherited low nephron number resulting in spontaneous albuminuria and podocyte injury. In MWF rats, we identified prostaglandin (PG) E2 (PGE2) signaling as a potential causative mechanism of albuminuria in GH. Method: For evaluation of the renal PGE2 metabolic pathway, time-course lipidomic analysis of PGE2 and its downstream metabolites 15-keto-PGE2 and 13-14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 was conducted in urine, plasma and kidney tissues of MWF rats and albuminuria-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). Results: Lipidomic analysis revealed no dysregulation of plasma PGs over the time course of albuminuria development, while glomerular levels of PGE2 and 15-keto-PGE2 were significantly elevated in MWF compared to albuminuria-resistant SHR. Overall, averaged PGE2 levels in glomeruli were up to ×150 higher than the corresponding 15-keto-PGE2 levels. Glomerular metabolic ratios of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) were significantly lower, while metabolic ratios of prostaglandin reductases (PTGRs) were significantly higher in MWF rats with manifested albuminuria compared to SHR, respectively. Conclusion: Our data reveal glomerular dysregulation of the PGE2 metabolism in the development of albuminuria in GH, resulting at least partly from reduced PGE2 degradation. This study provides first insights into dynamic changes of the PGE2 pathway that support a role of glomerular PGE2 metabolism and signaling for early albuminuria manifestation in GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Kaiser-Graf
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Mangelsen
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Bolbrinker
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Qiu J, Li Q, Li J, Zhou F, Sang P, Xia Z, Wang W, Wang L, Yu Y, Jiang J. Complementary roles of EP2 and EP4 receptors in malignant glioma. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2623-2640. [PMID: 37232020 PMCID: PMC10524591 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumour in the central nervous system, but the current treatment is very limited and unsatisfactory. PGE2 -initiated cAMP signalling via EP2 and EP4 receptors is involved in the tumourigenesis of multiple cancer types. However, whether or how EP2 and EP4 receptors contribute to GBM growth largely remains elusive. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed comprehensive data analysis of gene expression in human GBM samples and determined their expression correlations through multiple bioinformatics approaches. A time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay was utilized to characterize PGE2 -mediated cAMP signalling via EP2 and EP4 receptors in human glioblastoma cells. Using recently reported potent and selective small-molecule antagonists, we determined the effects of inhibition of EP2 and EP4 receptors on GBM growth in subcutaneous and intracranial tumour models. KEY RESULTS The expression of both EP2 and EP4 receptors was upregulated and highly correlated with a variety of tumour-promoting cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in human gliomas. Further, they were heterogeneously expressed in human GBM cells, where they compensated for each other to mediate PGE2 -initiated cAMP signalling and to promote colony formation, cell invasion and migration. Inhibition of EP2 and EP4 receptors revealed that these receptors might mediate GBM growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion in a compensatory manner. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The compensatory roles of EP2 and EP4 receptors in GBM development and growth suggest that concurrently targeting these two PGE2 receptors might represent a more effective strategy than inhibiting either alone for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiange Qiu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Junqi Li
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Zhou
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Sang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongkun Xia
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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