1
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Wu ML, Wheeler K, Silasi R, Lupu F, Griffin CT. Endothelial Chromatin-Remodeling Enzymes Regulate the Production of Critical ECM Components During Murine Lung Development. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1784-1798. [PMID: 38868942 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chromatin-remodeling enzymes BRG1 (brahma-related gene 1) and CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4) independently regulate the transcription of genes critical for vascular development, but their coordinated impact on vessels in late-stage embryos has not been explored. METHODS In this study, we genetically deleted endothelial Brg1 and Chd4 in mixed background mice (Brg1fl/fl;Chd4fl/fl;VE-Cadherin-Cre), and littermates that were negative for Cre recombinase were used as controls. Tissues were analyzed by immunostaining, immunoblot, and flow cytometry. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine gene expression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed gene targets of BRG1 and CHD4 in cultured endothelial cells. RESULTS We found Brg1/Chd4 double mutants grew normally but died soon after birth with small and compact lungs. Despite having normal cellular composition, distal air sacs of the mutant lungs displayed diminished ECM (extracellular matrix) components and TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β) signaling, which typically promotes ECM synthesis. Transcripts for collagen- and elastin-related genes and the TGFβ ligand Tgfb1 were decreased in mutant lung endothelial cells, but genetic deletion of endothelial Tgfb1 failed to recapitulate the small lungs and ECM defects seen in Brg1/Chd4 mutants. We instead found several ECM genes to be direct targets of BRG1 and CHD4 in cultured endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data highlight essential roles for endothelial chromatin-remodeling enzymes in promoting ECM deposition in the distal lung tissue during the saccular stage of embryonic lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Wu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.-L.W., K.W., R.S., F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Kate Wheeler
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.-L.W., K.W., R.S., F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Robert Silasi
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.-L.W., K.W., R.S., F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.-L.W., K.W., R.S., F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.-L.W., K.W., R.S., F.L., C.T.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (C.T.G.)
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2
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Singh AK, Allington G, Viviano S, McGee S, Kiziltug E, Ma S, Zhao S, Mekbib KY, Shohfi JP, Duy PQ, DeSpenza T, Furey CG, Reeves BC, Smith H, Sousa AMM, Cherskov A, Allocco A, Nelson-Williams C, Haider S, Rizvi SRA, Alper SL, Sestan N, Shimelis H, Walsh LK, Lifton RP, Moreno-De-Luca A, Jin SC, Kruszka P, Deniz E, Kahle KT. A novel SMARCC1 BAFopathy implicates neural progenitor epigenetic dysregulation in human hydrocephalus. Brain 2024; 147:1553-1570. [PMID: 38128548 PMCID: PMC10994532 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus, characterized by cerebral ventriculomegaly, is the most common disorder requiring brain surgery in children. Recent studies have implicated SMARCC1, a component of the BRG1-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodelling complex, as a candidate congenital hydrocephalus gene. However, SMARCC1 variants have not been systematically examined in a large patient cohort or conclusively linked with a human syndrome. Moreover, congenital hydrocephalus-associated SMARCC1 variants have not been functionally validated or mechanistically studied in vivo. Here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of SMARCC1 variants in an expanded patient cohort, describe associated clinical and radiographic phenotypes, and assess the impact of Smarcc1 depletion in a novel Xenopus tropicalis model of congenital hydrocephalus. To do this, we performed a genetic association study using whole-exome sequencing from a cohort consisting of 2697 total ventriculomegalic trios, including patients with neurosurgically-treated congenital hydrocephalus, that total 8091 exomes collected over 7 years (2016-23). A comparison control cohort consisted of 1798 exomes from unaffected siblings of patients with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected parents were sourced from the Simons Simplex Collection. Enrichment and impact on protein structure were assessed in identified variants. Effects on the human fetal brain transcriptome were examined with RNA-sequencing and Smarcc1 knockdowns were generated in Xenopus and studied using optical coherence tomography imaging, in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. SMARCC1 surpassed genome-wide significance thresholds, yielding six rare, protein-altering de novo variants localized to highly conserved residues in key functional domains. Patients exhibited hydrocephalus with aqueductal stenosis; corpus callosum abnormalities, developmental delay, and cardiac defects were also common. Xenopus knockdowns recapitulated both aqueductal stenosis and cardiac defects and were rescued by wild-type but not patient-specific variant SMARCC1. Hydrocephalic SMARCC1-variant human fetal brain and Smarcc1-variant Xenopus brain exhibited a similarly altered expression of key genes linked to midgestational neurogenesis, including the transcription factors NEUROD2 and MAB21L2. These results suggest de novo variants in SMARCC1 cause a novel human BAFopathy we term 'SMARCC1-associated developmental dysgenesis syndrome', characterized by variable presence of cerebral ventriculomegaly, aqueductal stenosis, developmental delay and a variety of structural brain or cardiac defects. These data underscore the importance of SMARCC1 and the BAF chromatin remodelling complex for human brain morphogenesis and provide evidence for a 'neural stem cell' paradigm of congenital hydrocephalus pathogenesis. These results highlight utility of trio-based whole-exome sequencing for identifying pathogenic variants in sporadic congenital structural brain disorders and suggest whole-exome sequencing may be a valuable adjunct in clinical management of congenital hydrocephalus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Garrett Allington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen Viviano
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Emre Kiziltug
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kedous Y Mekbib
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John P Shohfi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tyrone DeSpenza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Charuta G Furey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reeves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - André M M Sousa
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Adriana Cherskov
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - August Allocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Shozeb Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- UCL Centre for Advanced Research Computing, University College London, London, WC1H 9RN, UK
| | - Syed R A Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hermela Shimelis
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology section, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren K Walsh
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology section, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andres Moreno-De-Luca
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology section, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Engin Deniz
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Singh AK, Viviano S, Allington G, McGee S, Kiziltug E, Mekbib KY, Shohfi JP, Duy PQ, DeSpenza T, Furey CG, Reeves BC, Smith H, Ma S, Sousa AMM, Cherskov A, Allocco A, Nelson-Williams C, Haider S, Rizvi SRA, Alper SL, Sestan N, Shimelis H, Walsh LK, Lifton RP, Moreno-De-Luca A, Jin SC, Kruszka P, Deniz E, Kahle KT. A novel SMARCC1 -mutant BAFopathy implicates epigenetic dysregulation of neural progenitors in hydrocephalus. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.19.23287455. [PMID: 36993720 PMCID: PMC10055611 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.19.23287455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Importance Hydrocephalus, characterized by cerebral ventriculomegaly, is the most common disorder requiring brain surgery. A few familial forms of congenital hydrocephalus (CH) have been identified, but the cause of most sporadic cases of CH remains elusive. Recent studies have implicated SMARCC1 , a component of the B RG1- a ssociated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex, as a candidate CH gene. However, SMARCC1 variants have not been systematically examined in a large patient cohort or conclusively linked with a human syndrome. Moreover, CH-associated SMARCC1 variants have not been functionally validated or mechanistically studied in vivo . Objectives The aims of this study are to (i) assess the extent to which rare, damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) in SMARCC1 are associated with cerebral ventriculomegaly; (ii) describe the clinical and radiographic phenotypes of SMARCC1 -mutated patients; and (iii) assess the pathogenicity and mechanisms of CH-associated SMARCC1 mutations in vivo . Design setting and participants A genetic association study was conducted using whole-exome sequencing from a cohort consisting of 2,697 ventriculomegalic trios, including patients with neurosurgically-treated CH, totaling 8,091 exomes collected over 5 years (2016-2021). Data were analyzed in 2023. A comparison control cohort consisted of 1,798 exomes from unaffected siblings of patients with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected parents sourced from the Simons simplex consortium. Main outcomes and measures Gene variants were identified and filtered using stringent, validated criteria. Enrichment tests assessed gene-level variant burden. In silico biophysical modeling estimated the likelihood and extent of the variant impact on protein structure. The effect of a CH-associated SMARCC1 mutation on the human fetal brain transcriptome was assessed by analyzing RNA-sequencing data. Smarcc1 knockdowns and a patient-specific Smarcc1 variant were tested in Xenopus and studied using optical coherence tomography imaging, in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results SMARCC1 surpassed genome-wide significance thresholds in DNM enrichment tests. Six rare protein-altering DNMs, including four loss-of-function mutations and one recurrent canonical splice site mutation (c.1571+1G>A) were detected in unrelated patients. DNMs localized to the highly conserved DNA-interacting SWIRM, Myb-DNA binding, Glu-rich, and Chromo domains of SMARCC1 . Patients exhibited developmental delay (DD), aqueductal stenosis, and other structural brain and heart defects. G0 and G1 Smarcc1 Xenopus mutants exhibited aqueductal stenosis and cardiac defects and were rescued by human wild-type SMARCC1 but not a patient-specific SMARCC1 mutant. Hydrocephalic SMARCC1 -mutant human fetal brain and Smarcc1 -mutant Xenopus brain exhibited a similarly altered expression of key genes linked to midgestational neurogenesis, including the transcription factors NEUROD2 and MAB21L2 . Conclusions SMARCC1 is a bona fide CH risk gene. DNMs in SMARCC1 cause a novel human BAFopathy we term " S MARCC1- a ssociated D evelopmental D ysgenesis S yndrome (SaDDS)", characterized by cerebral ventriculomegaly, aqueductal stenosis, DD, and a variety of structural brain or cardiac defects. These data underscore the importance of SMARCC1 and the BAF chromatin remodeling complex for human brain morphogenesis and provide evidence for a "neural stem cell" paradigm of human CH pathogenesis. These results highlight the utility of trio-based WES for identifying risk genes for congenital structural brain disorders and suggest WES may be a valuable adjunct in the clinical management of CH patients. KEY POINTS Question: What is the role of SMARCC1 , a core component of the B RG1- a ssociated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex, in brain morphogenesis and congenital hydrocephalus (CH)? Findings: SMARCC1 harbored an exome-wide significant burden of rare, protein-damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) (p = 5.83 × 10 -9 ) in the largest ascertained cohort to date of patients with cerebral ventriculomegaly, including treated CH (2,697 parent-proband trios). SMARCC1 contained four loss-of-function DNMs and two identical canonical splice site DNMs in a total of six unrelated patients. Patients exhibited developmental delay, aqueductal stenosis, and other structural brain and cardiac defects. Xenopus Smarcc1 mutants recapitulated core human phenotypes and were rescued by the expression of human wild-type but not patient-mutant SMARCC1 . Hydrocephalic SMARCC1 -mutant human brain and Smarcc1 -mutant Xenopus brain exhibited similar alterationsin the expression of key transcription factors that regulate neural progenitor cell proliferation. Meaning: SMARCC1 is essential for human brain morphogenesis and is a bona fide CH risk gene. SMARCC1 mutations cause a novel human BAFopathy we term " S MARCC1- a ssociated D evelopmental D ysgenesis S yndrome (SaDDS)". These data implicate epigenetic dysregulation of fetal neural progenitors in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus, with diagnostic and prognostic implications for patients and caregivers.
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Wu T, Kong M, Xin XJ, Liu RQ, Wang HD, Song MZ, Xu WP, Yuan YB, Yang YY, Xiao PX. Epigenetic repression of THBD transcription by BRG1 contributes to deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 2022; 219:121-132. [PMID: 36162255 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with its major complication, pulmonary embolism, is a global health problem. Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of DVT. We have previously demonstrated that endothelial specific deletion of Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) ameliorates atherosclerosis and aneurysm in animal models. Whether endothelial BRG1 contributes to DVT development remains undetermined. METHODS DVT was induced in mice by ligation of inferior vena cava. Deletion of BRG1 in endothelial cells was achieved by crossing the Cdh5-ERT-Cre mice with the Brg1loxp/loxp mice. RESULTS Here we report that compared to the wild type mice, BRG1 conditional knockout (CKO) mice displayed substantially decreased DVT susceptibility characterized by decreased weight and size of thrombus and reduced immune infiltration. In endothelial cells, thrombomodulin (THBD) expression was significantly decreased by TNF-α stimulation, while BRG1 knockdown or inhibition recovered THBD expression. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 deficiency decreased the CpG methylation levels of the THBD promoter induced by TNF-α. Mechanistically, BRG1 directly upregulated DNMT1 expression after TNF-α treatment in endothelial cells. More importantly, administration of a small-molecule BRG1 inhibitor PFI-3 displayed potent preventive and therapeutic potentials in the DVT model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate BRG1 as an important regulator of DVT pathogenesis likely through epigenetic regulation of THBD expression in endothelial cells and provide translational proof-of-concept for targeting BRG1 in DVT intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xin
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Zi Song
- Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ping Xu
- Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Biao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yu-Yu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ping-Xi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Abstract
The Trithorax group (TrxG) of proteins is a large family of epigenetic regulators that form multiprotein complexes to counteract repressive developmental gene expression programmes established by the Polycomb group of proteins and to promote and maintain an active state of gene expression. Recent studies are providing new insights into how two crucial families of the TrxG - the COMPASS family of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases and the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelling complexes - regulate gene expression and developmental programmes, and how misregulation of their activities through genetic abnormalities leads to pathologies such as developmental disorders and malignancies.
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6
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Mammalian SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Trends Genet 2020; 36:936-950. [PMID: 32873422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule-based targeting of chromatin regulatory factors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in recent years. The development and ongoing clinical evaluation of novel agents targeting a range of chromatin regulatory processes, including DNA or histone modifiers, histone readers, and chromatin regulatory protein complexes, has inspired the field to identify and act upon the full compendium of therapeutic opportunities. Emerging studies highlight the frequent involvement of altered mammalian Switch/Sucrose-Nonfermentable (mSWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complexes (also called BAF complexes) in both human cancer and neurological disorders, suggesting new mechanisms and accompanying routes toward therapeutic intervention. Here, we review current approaches for direct targeting of mSWI/SNF complex structure and function and discuss settings in which aberrant mSWI/SNF biology is implicated in oncology and other diseases.
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Chen B, Zhao Q, Xu T, Yu L, Zhuo L, Yang Y, Xu Y. BRG1 Activates PR65A Transcription to Regulate NO Bioavailability in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:774. [PMID: 32903816 PMCID: PMC7443572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by producing and disseminating angiocrine factors. Nitric oxide (NO), catalyzed by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is one of the prototypical angiocrine factors. eNOS activity is modulated by site-specific phosphorylation. We have previously shown that endothelial-specific knockdown of BRG1 in Apoe–/– mice attenuates the development of atherosclerosis, in which eNOS-dependent NO catalysis plays an antagonizing role. Here we report that attenuation of atherogenesis in mice by BRG1 knockdown was accompanied by partial restoration of NO biosynthesis by 44% in the arteries and a simultaneous up-regulation of eNOS serine 1177 phosphorylation by 59%. Indeed, BRG1 depletion or inhibition ameliorated oxLDL-induced loss of NO bioavailability and eNOS phosphorylation in cultured endothelial cells. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 regulated eNOS phosphorylation and NO synthesis by activating the transcription of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) structural subunit a (encoded by PR65A). BRG1 interacted with ETS1, was recruited by ETS1 to the PR65A promoter, and cooperated with ETS1 to activate PR65A transcription. Finally, depletion of ETS1, similar to BRG1, repressed PR65A induction, normalized eNOS phosphorylation, and rescued NO biosynthesis in endothelial cells treated with oxLDL. In conclusion, our data characterize a novel transcriptional cascade that regulates NO bioavailability in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongchang Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhuo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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8
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu L, Xiao B, Li T, Kong X, Xu Y. BRG1 Stimulates Endothelial Derived Alarmin MRP8 to Promote Macrophage Infiltration in an Animal Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569. [PMID: 32733885 PMCID: PMC7358314 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell derived angiocrine factors contribute to the disruption of homeostasis and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in response to stress stimuli. In the present study we investigated the role of BRG1, a key component of the chromatin remodeling complex, in the regulation of angiocrine signaling. We report that angiotensin II (Ang II) induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy was attenuated in mice with endothelial-specific ablation of BRG1 (ecKO) compared to the control mice (WT). Mitigation of cardiac hypertrophy as a result of BRG1 deficiency was accompanied by decreased macrophage homing to the hearts. This could be explained by the observation that the ecKO mice exhibited down-regulation of myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8), a well-established chemokine for macrophages, in vascular endothelial cells compared to the WT mice. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 mediated the activation of MRP8 expression by Ang II treatment in endothelial cells to promote macrophage migration. BRG1 was recruited to the MRP8 promoter by interacting with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α). Reciprocally, BRG1 facilitated the binding of HIF-1α to the MRP8 promoter by sequentially recruiting histone acetyltransferase p300 and histone demethylase KDM3A. Depletion of either p300 or KDM3A repressed the induction of MRP8 expression by Ang II and ameliorated macrophage migration. In conclusion, our data delineate a novel epigenetic pathway whereby Ang II stimulates MRP8 production and macrophage homing to promote cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yangxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaocen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Colijn S, Muthukumar V, Xie J, Gao S, Griffin CT. Cell-specific and athero-protective roles for RIPK3 in a murine model of atherosclerosis. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm041962. [PMID: 31953345 PMCID: PMC6994951 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) was recently implicated in promoting atherosclerosis progression through a proposed role in macrophage necroptosis. However, RIPK3 has been connected to numerous other cellular pathways, which raises questions about its actual role in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, RIPK3 is expressed in a multitude of cell types, suggesting that it may be physiologically relevant to more than just macrophages in atherosclerosis. In this study, Ripk3 was deleted in macrophages, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells or globally on the Apoe-/- background using Cre-lox technology. To induce atherosclerosis progression, male and female mice were fed a Western diet for three months before tissue collection and analysis. Surprisingly, necroptosis markers were nearly undetectable in atherosclerotic aortas. Furthermore, en face lesion area was increased in macrophage- and endothelial-specific deletions of Ripk3 in the descending and abdominal regions of the aorta. Analysis of bone-marrow-derived macrophages and cultured endothelial cells revealed that Ripk3 deletion promotes expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and E-selectin in these cell types, respectively. Western blot analysis showed upregulation of MCP-1 in aortas with Ripk3-deficient macrophages. Altogether, these data suggest that RIPK3 in macrophages and endothelial cells protects against atherosclerosis through a mechanism that likely does not involve necroptosis. This protection may be due to RIPK3-mediated suppression of pro-inflammatory MCP-1 expression in macrophages and E-selectin expression in endothelial cells. These findings suggest a novel and unexpected cell-type specific and athero-protective function for RIPK3.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colijn
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA
| | - Vijay Muthukumar
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Siqi Gao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA
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10
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Li Z, Chen B, Dong W, Kong M, Shao Y, Fan Z, Yu L, Wu D, Lu J, Guo J, Xu Y. The Chromatin Remodeler Brg1 Integrates ROS Production and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Promote Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:245. [PMID: 31750301 PMCID: PMC6842935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-differentiation of endothelial cells to myofibroblast contributes to liver fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) although the underlying epigenetic mechanism is unclear. Here we report that endothelial conditional knockout of Brg1, a chromatin remodeling protein, attenuated liver fibrosis in mice. Brg1 deficiency in endothelial cells was paralleled by a decrease in ROS production and blockade of EndMT both in vivo and in vitro. The ability of BRG1 to regulate ROS production and EndMT was abolished by NOX4 depletion or inhibition. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 interacted with SMAD3 and AP-1 to mediate TGF-β induced NOX4 transcription in endothelial cells. Mechanistically, BRG1 recruited various histone modifying enzymes to alter the chromatin structure surrounding the NOX4 locus thereby activating its transcription. In conclusion, our data uncover a novel epigenetic mechanism that links NOX4-dependent ROS production to EndMT and liver fibrosis. Targeting the BRG1-NOX4 axis may yield novel therapeutics against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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11
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. If unifying principles could be revealed for how the same genome encodes different eukaryotic cells and for how genetic variability and environmental input are integrated to impact cardiovascular health, grand challenges in basic cell biology and translational medicine may succumb to experimental dissection. A rich body of work in model systems has implicated chromatin-modifying enzymes, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and other transcriptome-shaping factors in adult health and in the development, progression, and mitigation of cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, deployment of epigenomic tools, powered by next-generation sequencing technologies in cardiovascular models and human populations, has enabled description of epigenomic landscapes underpinning cellular function in the cardiovascular system. This essay aims to unpack the conceptual framework in which epigenomes are studied and to stimulate discussion on how principles of chromatin function may inform investigations of cardiovascular disease and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Douglas J Chapski
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
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12
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Crosswhite PL. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in embryonic vascular development and hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H575-H580. [PMID: 31398060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00147.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, a chronic elevation in blood pressure, is the largest single contributing factor to mortality worldwide and the most common preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High blood pressure increases the risk for someone to experience a number of adverse cardiovascular events including heart failure, stroke, or aneurysm. Despite advancements in understanding factors that contribute to hypertension, the etiology remains elusive and there remains a critical need to develop innovative study approaches to develop more effective therapeutics. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are dynamic regulators of DNA-histone bonds and thus gene expression. The goal of this review is to highlight and summarize reports of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers contribution to the development or maintenance of hypertension. Emerging evidence from hypertensive animal models suggests that induction of chromatin remodeler activity increases proinflammatory genes and increases blood pressure, whereas human studies demonstrate how chromatin remodelers may act as stress-response sensors to harmful physiological stimuli. Importantly, genomic studies have linked patients with hypertension to mutations in chromatin remodeler genes. Collectively, evidence linking chromatin remodelers and hypertension warrants additional research and ultimately could reveal novel therapeutic approaches for treating this complex and devastating disease.
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13
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Colijn S, Gao S, Ingram KG, Menendez M, Muthukumar V, Silasi-Mansat R, Chmielewska JJ, Hinsdale M, Lupu F, Griffin CT. The NuRD chromatin-remodeling complex enzyme CHD4 prevents hypoxia-induced endothelial Ripk3 transcription and murine embryonic vascular rupture. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:618-631. [PMID: 31235857 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological hypoxia can trigger transcriptional events that influence many developmental processes during mammalian embryogenesis. One way that hypoxia affects transcription is by engaging chromatin-remodeling complexes. We now report that chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4), an enzyme belonging to the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) chromatin-remodeling complex, is required for transcriptional repression of the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (Ripk3)-a critical executor of the necroptosis cell death program-in hypoxic murine embryonic endothelial cells. Genetic deletion of Chd4 in murine embryonic endothelial cells in vivo results in upregulation of Ripk3 transcripts and protein prior to vascular rupture and lethality at midgestation, and concomitant deletion of Ripk3 partially rescues these phenotypes. In addition, CHD4 binds to and prevents acetylation of the Ripk3 promoter in cultured endothelial cells grown under hypoxic conditions to prevent excessive Ripk3 transcription. These data demonstrate that excessive RIPK3 is detrimental to embryonic vascular integrity and indicate that CHD4 suppresses Ripk3 transcription when the embryonic environment is particularly hypoxic prior to the establishment of fetal-placental circulation at midgestation. Altogether, this research provides new insights into regulators of Ripk3 transcription and encourages future studies into the mechanism by which excessive RIPK3 damages embryonic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colijn
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Siqi Gao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Kyle G Ingram
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Matthew Menendez
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Vijay Muthukumar
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Robert Silasi-Mansat
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Joanna J Chmielewska
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Myron Hinsdale
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA.
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14
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Gogiraju R, Bochenek ML, Schäfer K. Angiogenic Endothelial Cell Signaling in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:20. [PMID: 30895179 PMCID: PMC6415587 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are, by number, one of the most abundant cell types in the heart and active players in cardiac physiology and pathology. Coronary angiogenesis plays a vital role in maintaining cardiac vascularization and perfusion during physiological and pathological hypertrophy. On the other hand, a reduction in cardiac capillary density with subsequent tissue hypoxia, cell death and interstitial fibrosis contributes to the development of contractile dysfunction and heart failure, as suggested by clinical as well as experimental evidence. Although the molecular causes underlying the inadequate (with respect to the increased oxygen and energy demands of the hypertrophied cardiomyocyte) cardiac vascularization developing during pathological hypertrophy are incompletely understood. Research efforts over the past years have discovered interesting mediators and potential candidates involved in this process. In this review article, we will focus on the vascular changes occurring during cardiac hypertrophy and the transition toward heart failure both in human disease and preclinical models. We will summarize recent findings in transgenic mice and experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy on factors expressed and released from cardiomyocytes, pericytes and inflammatory cells involved in the paracrine (dys)regulation of cardiac angiogenesis. Moreover, we will discuss major signaling events of critical angiogenic ligands in endothelial cells and their possible disturbance by hypoxia or oxidative stress. In this regard, we will particularly highlight findings on negative regulators of angiogenesis, including protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B and tumor suppressor p53, and how they link signaling involved in cell growth and metabolic control to cardiac angiogenesis. Besides endothelial cell death, phenotypic conversion and acquisition of myofibroblast-like characteristics may also contribute to the development of cardiac fibrosis, the structural correlate of cardiac dysfunction. Factors secreted by (dysfunctional) endothelial cells and their effects on cardiomyocytes including hypertrophy, contractility and fibrosis, close the vicious circle of reciprocal cell-cell interactions within the heart during pathological hypertrophy remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinikanth Gogiraju
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, Translational Vascular Biology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Translational Vascular Biology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Partner Site RheinMain (Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena L Bochenek
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Translational Vascular Biology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Partner Site RheinMain (Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, Translational Vascular Biology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Translational Vascular Biology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Partner Site RheinMain (Mainz), Mainz, Germany
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15
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Zhang X, Liu S, Weng X, Wu T, Yu L, Xu Y, Guo J. Brg1 trans-activates endothelium-derived colony stimulating factor to promote calcium chloride induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:6-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Li N, Li M, Hong W, Shao J, Xu H, Shimano H, Lu J, Xu Y. Brg1 regulates pro-lipogenic transcription by modulating SREBP activity in hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2881-2889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Li N, Kong M, Zeng S, Xu Z, Li M, Hong W, Chu X, Sun X, Zhu M, Xu Y. The chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 regulates APAP-induced liver injury by modulating CYP3A11 transcription in hepatocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3487-3495. [PMID: 30293568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose represents the most frequent cause of acute liver failure. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study we investigated the mechanism whereby the chromatin remodeling protein brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) regulates APAP induced liver injury in mice. We report that hepatocyte-specific deletion of Brg1 attenuated APAP induced liver injury in mice as evidenced by reduced plasma ALT and AST levels, decreased liver necrosis, amelioration of GSH depletion, and prolonged survival. Brg1 regulated APAP-induced liver injury likely by stimulating the transcription of Cyp3a11, a key cytochrome enzyme involved in APAP metabolism. Immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA affinity microarray identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) as a novel binding partner for Brg1. HNF4 recruited Brg1 to the Cyp3a11 promoter and formed a complex with Brg1 to trans-activate Cyp3a11. In contrast, BRG1 deficiency attenuated HNF4 binding to the Cyp3a11 promoter and dampened Cyp3a11 transcription. Therefore, our data suggest that Brg1 might play an essential role mediating APAP induced liver injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehui Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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18
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Li N, Kong M, Zeng S, Hao C, Li M, Li L, Xu Z, Zhu M, Xu Y. Brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) contributes to liver regeneration by epigenetically activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mice. FASEB J 2018; 33:327-338. [PMID: 30001167 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800197r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a complicated pathophysiologic process that is regulated by a myriad of signaling pathways and transcription factors. The interaction among these pathways and factors, either cooperatively or antagonistically, may ultimately lead to recovery and restoration of liver function or permanent loss of liver function and liver failure. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism whereby the chromatin remodeling protein brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) regulates liver regeneration in mice. The Smarca4-Flox strain of mice was crossbred with the Alb-Cre strain to generate hepatocyte-specific Brg1 knockout mice. Liver injury was induced by partial hepatectomy (PHx). We report that Brg1 deletion in hepatocyte compromised liver regeneration and dampened survival after PHx in mice. Brg1 interacted with β-catenin to potentiate Wnt signaling and promote hepatocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, Brg1 recruited lysine demethylase 4 (KDM4) to activate β-catenin target genes. Our data suggest that Brg1 might play an essential role maintaining hepatic homeostasis and contributing to liver repair.-Li, N., Kong, M., Zeng, S., Hao, C., Li, M., Li, L., Xu, Z., Zhu, M., Xu, Y. Brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) contributes to liver regeneration by epigenetically activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenzhi Hao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaboration Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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BRG1 promotes VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in human colorectal cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:236-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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van Beijnum JR, Nowak-Sliwinska P, van Berkel M, Wong TJ, Griffioen AW. A genomic screen for angiosuppressor genes in the tumor endothelium identifies a multifaceted angiostatic role for bromodomain containing 7 (BRD7). Angiogenesis 2017; 20:641-654. [PMID: 28951988 PMCID: PMC5660147 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is characterized by deregulated gene expression in endothelial cells (EC). While studies until now have mainly focused on overexpressed genes in tumor endothelium, we here describe the identification of transcripts that are repressed in tumor endothelium and thus have potential suppressive effects on angiogenesis. We identified nineteen putative angiosuppressor genes, one of them being bromodomain containing 7 (BRD7), a gene that has been assigned tumor suppressor properties. BRD7 was studied in more detail, and we demonstrate that BRD7 expression is inversely related to EC activation. Ectopic expression of BRD7 resulted in a dramatic reduction of EC proliferation and viability. Furthermore, overexpression of BRD7 resulted in a bromodomain-dependent induction of NFκB-activity and NFκB-dependent gene expression, including ICAM1, enabling leukocyte–endothelial interactions. In silico functional annotation analysis of genome-wide expression data on BRD7 knockdown and overexpression revealed that the transcriptional signature of low BRD7 expressing cells is associated with increased angiogenesis (a.o. upregulation of angiopoietin-2, VEGF receptor-1 and neuropilin-1), cytokine activity (a.o. upregulation of CXCL1 and CXCL6), and a reduction of immune surveillance (TNF-α, NFκB, ICAM1). Thus, combining in silico and in vitro data reveals multiple pathways of angiosuppressor and anti-tumor activities of BRD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike van Berkel
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tse J Wong
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Hota SK, Bruneau BG. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling during mammalian development. Development 2017; 143:2882-97. [PMID: 27531948 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Precise gene expression ensures proper stem and progenitor cell differentiation, lineage commitment and organogenesis during mammalian development. ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to reorganize chromatin and, hence, regulate gene expression. These complexes contain diverse subunits that together provide a multitude of functions, from early embryogenesis through cell differentiation and development into various adult tissues. Here, we review the functions of chromatin remodelers and their different subunits during mammalian development. We discuss the mechanisms by which chromatin remodelers function and highlight their specificities during mammalian cell differentiation and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetansu K Hota
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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22
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Menendez MT, Ong EC, Shepherd BT, Muthukumar V, Silasi-Mansat R, Lupu F, Griffin CT. BRG1 (Brahma-Related Gene 1) Promotes Endothelial Mrtf Transcription to Establish Embryonic Capillary Integrity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1674-1682. [PMID: 28729363 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The chromatin remodeling enzyme BRG1 (brahma-related gene 1) transcriptionally regulates target genes important for early blood vessel development and primitive hematopoiesis. However, because Brg1 deletion in vascular progenitor cells results in lethal anemia by embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), roles for BRG1 in embryonic vascular development after midgestation are unknown. In this study, we sought to determine whether endothelial cell BRG1 regulates genes important for vascular development or maintenance later in embryonic development. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using mice with temporally inducible deletion of endothelial BRG1 (Brg1fl/fl;Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2 ), we found that Brg1 excision between E9.5 and 11.5 results in capillary dilation and lethal hemorrhage by E14.5. This phenotype strongly resembles that seen when the SRF (serum response factor) transcription factor is deleted from embryonic endothelial cells. Although expression of Srf and several of its known endothelial cell target genes are downregulated in BRG1-depleted endothelial cells, we did not detect binding of BRG1 at these gene promoters, indicating that they are not direct BRG1 target genes. Instead, we found that BRG1 binds to the promoters of the SRF cofactors Mrtfa and Mrtfb (myocardin-related transcription factors A and B) in endothelial cells, and these genes are downregulated in Brg1-deficient endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS BRG1 promotes transcription of endothelial Mrtfa and Mrtfb, which elevates expression of SRF and SRF target genes that establish embryonic capillary integrity. These data highlight a new and temporally specific role for BRG1 in embryonic vasculature and provide novel information about epigenetic regulation of Mrtf expression and SRF signaling in developing blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Menendez
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.T.M., E.-C.O., B.T.S, V.M., R.S.-M., F.L., C.T.G.); and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - E-Ching Ong
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.T.M., E.-C.O., B.T.S, V.M., R.S.-M., F.L., C.T.G.); and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Brian T Shepherd
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.T.M., E.-C.O., B.T.S, V.M., R.S.-M., F.L., C.T.G.); and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Vijay Muthukumar
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.T.M., E.-C.O., B.T.S, V.M., R.S.-M., F.L., C.T.G.); and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Robert Silasi-Mansat
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.T.M., E.-C.O., B.T.S, V.M., R.S.-M., F.L., C.T.G.); and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Florea Lupu
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.T.M., E.-C.O., B.T.S, V.M., R.S.-M., F.L., C.T.G.); and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (F.L., C.T.G.)
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (M.T.M., E.-C.O., B.T.S, V.M., R.S.-M., F.L., C.T.G.); and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (F.L., C.T.G.).
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Willis MS, Holley DW, Wang Z, Chen X, Quintana M, Jensen BC, Tannu M, Parker J, Jeyaraj D, Jain MK, Wolfram JA, Lee HG, Bultman SJ. BRG1 and BRM function antagonistically with c-MYC in adult cardiomyocytes to regulate conduction and contractility. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 105:99-109. [PMID: 28232072 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The contractile dysfunction that underlies heart failure involves perturbations in multiple biological processes ranging from metabolism to electrophysiology. Yet the epigenetic mechanisms that are altered in this disease state have not been elucidated. SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes are plausible candidates based on mouse knockout studies demonstrating a combined requirement for the BRG1 and BRM catalytic subunits in adult cardiomyocytes. Brg1/Brm double mutants exhibit metabolic and mitochondrial defects and are not viable although their cause of death has not been ascertained. OBJECTIVE To determine the cause of death of Brg1/Brm double-mutant mice, to test the hypothesis that BRG1 and BRM are required for cardiac contractility, and to identify relevant downstream target genes. METHODS AND RESULTS A tamoxifen-inducible gene-targeting strategy utilizing αMHC-Cre-ERT was implemented to delete both SWI/SNF catalytic subunits in adult cardiomyocytes. Brg1/Brm double-mutant mice were monitored by echocardiography and electrocardiography, and they underwent rapidly progressive ventricular dysfunction including conduction defects and arrhythmias that culminated in heart failure and death within 3weeks. Mechanistically, BRG1/BRM repressed c-Myc expression, and enforced expression of a DOX-inducible c-MYC trangene in mouse cardiomyocytes phenocopied the ventricular conduction defects observed in Brg1/Brm double mutants. BRG1/BRM and c-MYC had opposite effects on the expression of cardiac conduction genes, and the directionality was consistent with their respective loss- and gain-of-function phenotypes. To support the clinical relevance of this mechanism, BRG1/BRM occupancy was diminished at the same target genes in human heart failure cases compared to controls, and this correlated with increased c-MYC expression and decreased CX43 and SCN5A expression. CONCLUSION BRG1/BRM and c-MYC have an antagonistic relationship regulating the expression of cardiac conduction genes that maintain contractility, which is reminiscent of their antagonistic roles as a tumor suppressor and oncogene in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Darcy Wood Holley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhongjing Wang
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, PR China
| | - Megan Quintana
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian C Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manasi Tannu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, PR China
| | - Joel Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Darwin Jeyaraj
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Julie A Wolfram
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hyoung-Gon Lee
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Scott J Bultman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Berezin A. Epigenetics in heart failure phenotypes. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:31-7. [PMID: 27335803 PMCID: PMC4909708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (HF) is a leading clinical and public problem posing a higher risk of morbidity and mortality in different populations. HF appears to be in both phenotypic forms: HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although both HF phenotypes can be distinguished through clinical features, co-morbidity status, prediction score, and treatment, the clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF and HFpEF are similar. In this context, investigation of various molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development and progression of both HF phenotypes is very important. There is emerging evidence that epigenetic regulation may have a clue in the pathogenesis of HF. This review represents current available evidence regarding the implication of epigenetic modifications in the development of different HF phenotypes and perspectives of epigenetic-based therapies of HF.
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Zhou Z, Su Y, Fa X. Restoration of BRG1 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer by regulating tumor suppressor miR-148b. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3603-12. [PMID: 26664144 PMCID: PMC4671804 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s95500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) has been implicated in a variety of biological processes, and it has been found to be mutated or silenced in numerous cancers, including lung cancer. Recent reports have proposed BRG1 as a tumor suppressor, but its roles in cell proliferation and metastasis remain unknown. miR-148b functions as a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancer. However, the mechanism responsible for the downregulation of miR-148b in lung cancer is still elusive. Methods The expression of BRG1 and miR-148b was evaluated in lung cancer tissues and cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of BRG1 on proliferation of lung cancer cells was investigated using MTT assay. Transwell and Western blot assays were used to analyze the effect of BRG1 on invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), respectively. The target of miR-148b was ascertained using luciferase reporter assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed to analyze the relation of BRG1 and the promoter region of miR-148b. Results Restoration of BRG1 was demonstrated to inhibit cell proliferation, metastasis, and EMT in lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that miR-148b was positively regulated by BRG1. Additionally, we suggested that miR-148b suppressed cell proliferation, metastasis, and EMT in lung cancer cells by directly binging to 3′-untranslated region of WNT1, blocking the WNT1/β-catenin signaling pathway. ChIP assay showed that BRG1 bound to the promoter of miR-148b in A549 cells. Conclusion BRG1 positively regulated the expression of miR-148b, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation, metastasis, restraint of EMT, and inactivation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, which highlights potential therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhe Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianen Fa
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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