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Neumann JT, Twerenbold R, Ojeda F, Sörensen NA, Chapman AR, Shah ASV, Anand A, Boeddinghaus J, Nestelberger T, Badertscher P, Mokhtari A, Pickering JW, Troughton RW, Greenslade J, Parsonage W, Mueller-Hennessen M, Gori T, Jernberg T, Morris N, Liebetrau C, Hamm C, Katus HA, Münzel T, Landmesser U, Salomaa V, Iacoviello L, Ferrario MM, Giampaoli S, Kee F, Thorand B, Peters A, Borchini R, Jørgensen T, Söderberg S, Sans S, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Renné T, Lackner KJ, Worster A, Body R, Ekelund U, Kavsak PA, Keller T, Lindahl B, Wild P, Giannitsis E, Than M, Cullen LA, Mills NL, Mueller C, Zeller T, Westermann D, Blankenberg S. Application of High-Sensitivity Troponin in Suspected Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2529-2540. [PMID: 31242362 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1803377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding high-sensitivity troponin concentrations in patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction may be useful in determining the probability of myocardial infarction and subsequent 30-day outcomes. METHODS In 15 international cohorts of patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction, we determined the concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin I or high-sensitivity troponin T at presentation and after early or late serial sampling. The diagnostic and prognostic performance of multiple high-sensitivity troponin cutoff combinations was assessed with the use of a derivation-validation design. A risk-assessment tool that was based on these data was developed to estimate the risk of index myocardial infarction and of subsequent myocardial infarction or death at 30 days. RESULTS Among 22,651 patients (9604 in the derivation data set and 13,047 in the validation data set), the prevalence of myocardial infarction was 15.3%. Lower high-sensitivity troponin concentrations at presentation and smaller absolute changes during serial sampling were associated with a lower likelihood of myocardial infarction and a lower short-term risk of cardiovascular events. For example, high-sensitivity troponin I concentrations of less than 6 ng per liter and an absolute change of less than 4 ng per liter after 45 to 120 minutes (early serial sampling) resulted in a negative predictive value of 99.5% for myocardial infarction, with an associated 30-day risk of subsequent myocardial infarction or death of 0.2%; a total of 56.5% of the patients would be classified as being at low risk. These findings were confirmed in an external validation data set. CONCLUSIONS A risk-assessment tool, which we developed to integrate the high-sensitivity troponin I or troponin T concentration at emergency department presentation, its dynamic change during serial sampling, and the time between the obtaining of samples, was used to estimate the probability of myocardial infarction on emergency department presentation and 30-day outcomes. (Funded by the German Center for Cardiovascular Research [DZHK]; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00470587, NCT02355457, NCT01852123, NCT01994577, and NCT03227159; and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry numbers, ACTRN12611001069943, ACTRN12610000766011, ACTRN12613000745741, and ACTRN12611000206921.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes T Neumann
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Francisco Ojeda
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nils A Sörensen
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew R Chapman
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anoop S V Shah
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Atul Anand
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jasper Boeddinghaus
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Nestelberger
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Badertscher
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Arash Mokhtari
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John W Pickering
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard W Troughton
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jaimi Greenslade
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William Parsonage
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthias Mueller-Hennessen
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tommaso Gori
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Niall Morris
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph Liebetrau
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Hamm
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hugo A Katus
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Münzel
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marco M Ferrario
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Simona Giampaoli
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Kee
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Thorand
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Annette Peters
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rossana Borchini
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Susana Sans
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Renné
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karl J Lackner
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Worster
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Body
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A Kavsak
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Till Keller
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philipp Wild
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Evangelos Giannitsis
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Than
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louise A Cullen
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Mueller
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tanja Zeller
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dirk Westermann
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- From the University Heart Center Hamburg (J.T.N., R.T., F.O., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (J.T.N., N.A.S., T.Z., D.W., S.B.), and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (T.R.), Hamburg, the Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), and DZHK Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim (M.M.-H., H.A.K., E.G.), Heidelberg, Cardiology I (T.G., T.M.) and Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.W.), Center for Cardiology, and the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W.), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz (K.J.L.), Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main and the Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim (C.L., C.H., T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen (C.L., C.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin Institute of Health, and DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin (U.L.), and the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health (B.T., A.P.), and DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.), Munich - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.T., J.B., T.N., P.B., C.M.); the British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (A.R.C., A.S.V.S., A.A., N.L.M.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (A.S.V.S., N.L.M.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester (N.M., R. Body), U.K. Clinical Research Collaboration for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (A.M., U.E.), the Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (T. Jernberg), the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Center, Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå (S. Söderberg), and the Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala (B.L.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, and Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (J.W.P., R.W.T., M.T.); the Departments of Emergency Medicine (J.G., L.A.C.) and Cardiology (W.P.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove (J.G., W.P., L.A.C.) - all in Australia; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S., K.K.); the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli (L.I.), the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese (L.I., M.M.F., R. Borchini), and the Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic, and Aging-Associated Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rome (S.G.) - all in Italy; the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Jørgensen), the Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup (T. Jørgensen), and the Medical Faculty, Aalborg University, Aalborg (T. Jørgensen) - all in Denmark; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); and the Division of Emergency Medicine (A.W.) and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (P.A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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