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Qian N, Wang Y, Hu W, Cao N, Qian Y, Chen J, Fang J, Xu D, Hu H, Yang S, Zhou D, Dai H, Wei D, Wang J, Liu X. A novel mouse model of calcific aortic valve stenosis. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:523-532. [PMID: 38372410 PMCID: PMC11369017 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is one of the most challenging heart diseases in clinical with rapidly increasing prevalence. However, study of the mechanism and treatment of CAVS is hampered by the lack of suitable, robust and efficient models that develop hemodynamically significant stenosis and typical calcium deposition. Here, we aim to establish a mouse model to mimic the development and features of CAVS. METHODS The model was established via aortic valve wire injury (AVWI) combined with vitamin D subcutaneous injected in wild type C57/BL6 mice. Serial transthoracic echocardiography was applied to evaluate aortic jet peak velocity and mean gradient. Histopathological specimens were collected and examined in respect of valve thickening, calcium deposition, collagen accumulation, osteogenic differentiation and inflammation. RESULTS Serial transthoracic echocardiography revealed that aortic jet peak velocity and mean gradient increased from 7 days post model establishment in a time dependent manner and tended to be stable at 28 days. Compared with the sham group, simple AVWI or the vitamin D group, the hybrid model group showed typical pathological features of CAVS, including hemodynamic alterations, increased aortic valve thickening, calcium deposition, collagen accumulation at 28 days. In addition, osteogenic differentiation, fibrosis and inflammation, which play critical roles in the development of CAVS, were observed in the hybrid model. CONCLUSIONS We established a novel mouse model of CAVS that could be induced efficiently, robustly and economically, and without genetic intervention. It provides a fast track to explore the underlying mechanisms of CAVS and to identify more effective pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Qian
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Wangxing Hu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Naifang Cao
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Dilin Xu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Haochang Hu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Dao Zhou
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Hanyi Dai
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Dongdong Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesChina
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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Tian L, Jarrah M, Herz H, Chu Y, Xu Y, Tang Y, Yuan J, Mokadem M. Toll-like Receptor 4 Differentially Modulates Cardiac Function in Response to Chronic Exposure to High-Fat Diet and Pressure Overload. Nutrients 2023; 15:5139. [PMID: 38140398 PMCID: PMC10747341 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The impact of myocardial stressors such as high-fat diet (HFD) and pressure overload has been extensively studied. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) deficiency has been suggested to have a protective role in response to these stressors, although some conflicting data exist. Furthermore, there is limited information about the role of TLR4 on cardiac remodeling in response to long-term exposure to stressors. This study aims to investigate the effects of TLR4 deficiency on cardiac histology and physiology in response to chronic stressors. METHODS TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to either HFD or a normal diet (ND) for 28 weeks. Another group underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or a sham procedure and was monitored for 12 weeks. Inflammatory markers, histology, and echocardiography were used to assess the effects of these interventions. RESULTS TLR4-/- mice exhibited reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after long-term HFD exposure compared to ND without affecting cardiac function. On the other hand, TLR4 deficiency worsened cardiac function in response to AAC, leading to decreased ejection fraction (EF%) and increased end-systolic volume (ESV). CONCLUSIONS TLR4 deficiency provided protection against HFD-induced myocardial inflammation but impaired hemodynamic cardiac function under pressure overload conditions. These findings highlight the crucial role of TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway in maintaining cardiac output during physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
| | - Mohammad Jarrah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
| | - Hussein Herz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
| | - Yi Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yiqun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Mohamad Mokadem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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3
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Cashman TJ, Fitzgibbons TP, Trivedi CM. Integrated Pathogenesis of Vascular and Cardiac Valve Disease. Circ Res 2023; 133:481-483. [PMID: 37651543 PMCID: PMC10497195 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Cashman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.J.C., T.P.F., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine (T.J.C., T.P.F., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Timothy P. Fitzgibbons
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.J.C., T.P.F., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine (T.J.C., T.P.F., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Chinmay M. Trivedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.J.C., T.P.F., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine (T.J.C., T.P.F., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology (C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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4
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Yasuhara J, Schultz K, Bigelow AM, Garg V. Congenital aortic valve stenosis: from pathophysiology to molecular genetics and the need for novel therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1142707. [PMID: 37187784 PMCID: PMC10175644 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is one of the most common valve anomalies and accounts for 3%-6% of cardiac malformations. As congenital AVS is often progressive, many patients, both children and adults, require transcatheter or surgical intervention throughout their lives. While the mechanisms of degenerative aortic valve disease in the adult population are partially described, the pathophysiology of adult AVS is different from congenital AVS in children as epigenetic and environmental risk factors play a significant role in manifestations of aortic valve disease in adults. Despite increased understanding of genetic basis of congenital aortic valve disease such as bicuspid aortic valve, the etiology and underlying mechanisms of congenital AVS in infants and children remain unknown. Herein, we review the pathophysiology of congenitally stenotic aortic valves and their natural history and disease course along with current management strategies. With the rapid expansion of knowledge of genetic origins of congenital heart defects, we also summarize the literature on the genetic contributors to congenital AVS. Further, this increased molecular understanding has led to the expansion of animal models with congenital aortic valve anomalies. Finally, we discuss the potential to develop novel therapeutics for congenital AVS that expand on integration of these molecular and genetic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Correspondence: Jun Yasuhara Vidu Garg
| | - Karlee Schultz
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amee M. Bigelow
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Correspondence: Jun Yasuhara Vidu Garg
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5
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Bogdanova M, Zabirnyk A, Malashicheva A, Semenova D, Kvitting JPE, Kaljusto ML, Perez MDM, Kostareva A, Stensløkken KO, Sullivan GJ, Rutkovskiy A, Vaage J. Models and Techniques to Study Aortic Valve Calcification in Vitro, ex Vivo and in Vivo. An Overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835825. [PMID: 35721220 PMCID: PMC9203042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis secondary to aortic valve calcification is the most common valve disease in the Western world. Calcification is a result of pathological proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of resident valve interstitial cells. To develop non-surgical treatments, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathological calcification must be revealed. In the current overview, we present methods for evaluation of calcification in different ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo situations including imaging in patients. The latter include echocardiography, scanning with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Particular emphasis is on translational studies of calcific aortic valve stenosis with a special focus on cell culture using human primary cell cultures. Such models are widely used and suitable for screening of drugs against calcification. Animal models are presented, but there is no animal model that faithfully mimics human calcific aortic valve disease. A model of experimentally induced calcification in whole porcine aortic valve leaflets ex vivo is also included. Finally, miscellaneous methods and aspects of aortic valve calcification, such as, for instance, biomarkers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bogdanova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arsenii Zabirnyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Semenova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Mari-Liis Kaljusto
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Woman and Children Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arkady Rutkovskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Jannasch A, Schnabel C, Galli R, Faak S, Büttner P, Dittfeld C, Tugtekin SM, Koch E, Matschke K. Optical coherence tomography and multiphoton microscopy offer new options for the quantification of fibrotic aortic valve disease in ApoE -/- mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5834. [PMID: 33712671 PMCID: PMC7955095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve sclerosis is characterized as the thickening of the aortic valve without obstruction of the left ventricular outflow. It has a prevalence of 30% in people over 65 years old. Aortic valve sclerosis represents a cardiovascular risk marker because it may progress to moderate or severe aortic valve stenosis. Thus, the early recognition and management of aortic valve sclerosis are of cardinal importance. We examined the aortic valve geometry and structure from healthy C57Bl6 wild type and age-matched hyperlipidemic ApoE-/- mice with aortic valve sclerosis using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and compared results with histological analyses. Early fibrotic thickening, especially in the tip region of the native aortic valve leaflets from the ApoE-/- mice, was detectable in a precise spatial resolution using OCT. Evaluation of the second harmonic generation signal using MPM demonstrated that collagen content decreased in all aortic valve leaflet regions in the ApoE-/- mice. Lipid droplets and cholesterol crystals were detected using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in the tissue from the ApoE-/- mice. Here, we demonstrated that OCT and MPM, which are fast and precise contactless imaging approaches, are suitable for defining early morphological and structural alterations of sclerotic murine aortic valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Jannasch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstraße 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christian Schnabel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Saskia Faak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstraße 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig At University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Dittfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstraße 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sems Malte Tugtekin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstraße 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Matschke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstraße 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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7
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Wu J, Agbor LN, Fang S, Mukohda M, Nair AR, Nakagawa P, Sharma A, Morgan DA, Grobe JL, Rahmouni K, Weiss RM, McCormick JA, Sigmund CD. Failure to vasodilate in response to salt loading blunts renal blood flow and causes salt-sensitive hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:308-319. [PMID: 32428209 PMCID: PMC7797211 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension is accompanied by impaired vasodilation in the systemic and renal circulation. However, the causal relationship between vascular dysfunction and salt-induced hypertension remains controversial. We sought to determine whether primary vascular dysfunction, characterized by a failure to vasodilate during salt loading, plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of SS hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice selectively expressing a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ dominant-negative mutation in vascular smooth muscle (S-P467L) exhibited progressive SS hypertension during a 4 week high salt diet (HSD). This was associated with severely impaired vasodilation in systemic and renal vessels. Salt-induced impairment of vasodilation occurred as early as 3 days after HSD, which preceded the onset of SS hypertension. Notably, the overt salt-induced hypertension in S-P467L mice was not driven by higher cardiac output, implying elevations in peripheral vascular resistance. In keeping with this, HSD-fed S-P467L mice exhibited decreased smooth muscle responsiveness to nitric oxide (NO) in systemic vessels. HSD-fed S-P467L mice also exhibited elevated albuminuria and a blunted increase in urinary NO metabolites which was associated with blunted renal blood flow and increased sodium retention mediated by a lack of HSD-induced suppression of NKCC2. Blocking NKCC2 function prevented the salt-induced increase in blood pressure in S-P467L mice. CONCLUSION We conclude that failure to vasodilate in response to salt loading causes SS hypertension by restricting renal perfusion and reducing renal NO through a mechanism involving NKCC2 in a mouse model of vascular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Larry N Agbor
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shi Fang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Masashi Mukohda
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Anand R Nair
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Avika Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L334, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Veteran Affairs Health Care System, 601 Hwy 6 West, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - James A McCormick
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L334, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-248 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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8
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Naito S, Sequeira-Gross T, Petersen J, Holst T, Reichenspurner H, Girdauskas E. Focus on a rare clinical entity: unicuspid aortic valve disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:625-633. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1811685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatiana Sequeira-Gross
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Petersen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Holst
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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