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Bredy C, Werner O, Helena H, Picot MC, Amedro P, Adda J. Cardiac magnetic resonance ventricular parameters correlate with cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with functional single ventricle. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2024; 40:1041-1048. [PMID: 38546925 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-024-03072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to advances in medical and surgical fields, patients with single ventricle (SV) have a greatly improved life expectancy. However, progressive functional deterioration is observed over time, with a decrease in cardiopulmonary fitness. This study aimed to identify, in patients with SV, the association between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) parameters and change in cardiopulmonary fitness assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), and if certain thresholds could anticipate a decline in aerobic fitness. Patients with an SV physiology were retrospectively screened from 2011 and 2021 in a single-centre observational study. We evaluated (1) the correlation between baseline CMR and CPET parameters, (2) the association between baseline CMR results and change in peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), and (3) the cut-off values of end-diastolic and end-systolic volume index in patients with an impaired cardiopulmonary fitness (low peak VO2 and/or high VE/VCO2 slope). 32 patients were included in the study. End-systolic volume index (r = 0.37, p = 0.03), end-diastolic volume index (r = 0.45, p = 0.01), and cardiac index (r = 0.46, p = 0.01) correlated with the VE/VCO2 slope. End-systolic ventricular volume (r = - 0.39, p = 0.01), end-diastolic ventricular volume (r = - 0.38, p = 0.01), and cardiac output (r = - 0.45, p < 0.01) inversely correlated with the peak VO2. In multivariate analysis, the cardiac index obtained from baseline CMR was inversely associated with the change in peak VO2 (p < 0.01). An end-diastolic volume index > 101 ml/m2 and an end-systolic volume index > 47 ml/m2 discriminated patients with impaired cardiopulmonary fitness. CMR parameters correlate with cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with SV and can therefore be useful for follow-up and therapeutic management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Bredy
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Oscar Werner
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Imaging Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Huguet Helena
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Department, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM U1411, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Department, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM U1411, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Amedro
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C National Reference Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modelling Institute, Bordeaux University Foundation, Pessac, France
| | - Jerome Adda
- Cardiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
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Loke YH, Yildiran IN, Capuano F, Balaras E, Olivieri L. Tetralogy of Fallot regurgitation energetics and kinetics: an intracardiac flow analysis of the right ventricle using computational fluid dynamics. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2024; 40:1135-1147. [PMID: 38668927 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-024-03084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) patients suffer from pulmonary regurgitation and may require pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) guides therapy, but conventional measurements do not quantify the intracardiac flow effects from pulmonary regurgitation or PVR. This study investigates intracardiac flow parameters of the right ventricle (RV) of rTOF by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). cMRI of rTOF patients and controls were retrospectively included. Feature-tracking captured RV endocardial contours from long-axis/short-axis cine. Ventricular motion was reconstructed via diffeomorphic mapping, serving as domain boundary for CFD simulations. Vorticity (1/s), viscous energy loss (ELoss, mJ/L) and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE, mJ/L) were quantified in RV outflow tract (RVOT) and RV inflow. These parameters were normalized against total RV kinetic energy (KE) and RV inflow vorticity to derive dimensionless metrics. Vorticity contours by Q-criterion were qualitatively compared. rTOF patients (n = 15) had mean regurgitant fraction 38 ± 12% and RV size 162 ± 35 mL/m2. Compared to controls (n = 12), rTOF had increased RVOT vorticity (142.6 ± 75.6/s vs. 40.4 ± 11.8/s, p < 0.0001), Eloss (55.6 ± 42.5 vs. 5.2 ± 4.4 mJ/L, p = 0.0004), and TKE (5.7 ± 5.9 vs. 0.84 ± 0.46 mJ/L, p = 0.0003). After PVR, there was decrease in normalized RVOT Eloss/TKE (p = 0.0009, p = 0.029) and increase in normalized tricuspid inflow vorticity/KE (p = 0.0136, p = 0.043), corresponding to reorganization of the "donut"-shaped tricuspid ring-vortex. The intracardiac flow in rTOF patients can be simulated to determine the impact of PVR and improve the clinical indications guided by cardiac imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hin Loke
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Ibrahim N Yildiran
- Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Francesco Capuano
- Department of Fluid Mechanics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya . BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Balaras
- Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura Olivieri
- The Heart and Vascular Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ta HT, Critser PJ, Schäfer M, Ollberding NJ, Taylor MD, Di Maria MV, Hirsch R, Ivy DD, Frank BS. Ventricular global function index is associated with clinical outcomes in pediatric pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:39. [PMID: 37400886 PMCID: PMC10316558 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple right ventricular (RV) metrics have prognostic value in pulmonary hypertension (PH). A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) derived global ventricular function index (GFI) provided improved prediction of composite adverse outcome (CAO) in adults with atherosclerosis. GFI has not yet been explored in a PH population. We explored the feasibility of GFI as a predictor of CAO in a pediatric PH population. METHODS Two center retrospective chart review identified pediatric PH patients undergoing CMR from Jan 2005-June 2021. GFI, defined as the ratio of the stroke volume to the sum of mean ventricular cavity and myocardial volume, was calculated for each patient. CAO was defined as death, lung transplant, Potts shunt, or parenteral prostacyclin initiation after CMR. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate associations and assess model performance between CMR parameters and CAO. RESULTS The cohort comprised 89 patients (54% female, 84% World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1; 70% WHO-FC ≤ 2; and 27% on parenteral prostacyclin). Median age at CMR was 12 years (IQR 8.1-17). Twenty-one (24%) patients experienced CAO during median follow up of 1.5 years. CAO cohort had higher indexed RV volumes (end systolic-145 vs 99 mL/m2, p = 0.003; end diastolic-89 vs 46 mL/m2, p = 0.004) and mass (37 vs 24 gm/m2, p = 0.003), but lower ejection fraction (EF) (42 vs 51%, p < 0.001) and GFI (40 vs 52%, p < 0.001). Higher indexed RV volumes (hazard ratios [HR] 1.01, CI 1.01-1.02), lower RV EF (HR 1.09, CI 1.05-1.12) and lower RV GFI (HR 1.09, CI 1.05-1.11) were associated with increased risk of CAO. In survival analysis, patients with RV GFI < 43% demonstrated decreased event-free survival and increased hazard of CAO compared to those with RV GFI ≥ 43%. In multivariable models, inclusion of GFI provided improved prediction of CAO compared to models incorporating ventricular volumes, mass or EF. CONCLUSIONS RV GFI was associated with CAO in this cohort, and inclusion in multivariable models had increased predictive value compared to RVEF. GFI uses readily available CMR data without additional post-processing and may provide additional prognostic value in pediatric PH patients beyond traditional CMR markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu T. Ta
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Paul J. Critser
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Michal Schäfer
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Michael V. Di Maria
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Russel Hirsch
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - D. Dunbar Ivy
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Benjamin S. Frank
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
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Ohuchi H, Kawata M, Uemura H, Akagi T, Yao A, Senzaki H, Kasahara S, Ichikawa H, Motoki H, Syoda M, Sugiyama H, Tsutsui H, Inai K, Suzuki T, Sakamoto K, Tatebe S, Ishizu T, Shiina Y, Tateno S, Miyazaki A, Toh N, Sakamoto I, Izumi C, Mizuno Y, Kato A, Sagawa K, Ochiai R, Ichida F, Kimura T, Matsuda H, Niwa K. JCS 2022 Guideline on Management and Re-Interventional Therapy in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Long-Term After Initial Repair. Circ J 2022; 86:1591-1690. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-22-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ohuchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Masaaki Kawata
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiovascular Surgery, Jichi Children’s Medical Center Tochigi
| | - Hideki Uemura
- Congenital Heart Disease Center, Nara Medical University
| | - Teiji Akagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Atsushi Yao
- Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo
| | - Hideaki Senzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Shingo Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hajime Ichikawa
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hirohiko Motoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Morio Syoda
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Hisashi Sugiyama
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kei Inai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Saitama Medical University
| | | | - Syunsuke Tatebe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoko Ishizu
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yumi Shiina
- Cardiovascular Center, St. Luke’s International Hospital
| | - Shigeru Tateno
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba Kaihin Municipal Hospital
| | - Aya Miyazaki
- Division of Congenital Heart Disease, Department of Transition Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital
| | - Norihisa Toh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ichiro Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Chisato Izumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Yoshiko Mizuno
- Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo University of Information Sciences
| | - Atsuko Kato
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Koichi Sagawa
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Fukuoka Children’s Hospital
| | - Ryota Ochiai
- Department of Adult Nursing, Yokohama City University
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichiro Niwa
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke’s International Hospital
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Loke YH, Capuano F, Kollar S, Cibis M, Kitslaar P, Balaras E, Reiber JHC, Pedrizzetti G, Olivieri L. Abnormal Diastolic Hemodynamic Forces: A Link Between Right Ventricular Wall Motion, Intracardiac Flow, and Pulmonary Regurgitation in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:929470. [PMID: 35911535 PMCID: PMC9329698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.929470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective The effect of chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) on right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (RTOF) patients is well recognized by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). However, the link between RV wall motion, intracardiac flow and PR has not been established. Hemodynamic force (HDF) represents the global force exchanged between intracardiac blood volume and endocardium, measurable by 4D flow or by a novel mathematical model of wall motion. In our study, we used this novel methodology to derive HDF in a cohort of RTOF patients, exclusively using routine CMR imaging. Methods RTOF patients and controls with CMR imaging were retrospectively included. Three-dimensional (3D) models of RV were segmented, including RV outflow tract (RVOT). Feature-tracking software (QStrain 2.0, Medis Medical Imaging Systems, Leiden, Netherlands) captured endocardial contours from long/short-axis cine and used to reconstruct RV wall motion. A global HDF vector was computed from the moving surface, then decomposed into amplitude/impulse of three directional components based on reference (Apical-to-Basal, Septal-to-Free Wall and Diaphragm-to-RVOT direction). HDF were compared and correlated against CMR and exercise stress test parameters. A subset of RTOF patients had 4D flow that was used to derive vorticity (for correlation) and HDF (for comparison against cine method). Results 68 RTOF patients and 20 controls were included. RTOF patients had increased diastolic HDF amplitude in all three directions (p<0.05). PR% correlated with Diaphragm-RVOT HDF amplitude/impulse (r = 0.578, p<0.0001, r = 0.508, p < 0.0001, respectively). RV ejection fraction modestly correlated with global HDF amplitude (r = 0.2916, p = 0.031). VO2-max correlated with Septal-to-Free Wall HDF impulse (r = 0.536, p = 0.007). Diaphragm-to-RVOT HDF correlated with RVOT vorticity (r = 0.4997, p = 0.001). There was no significant measurement bias between Cine-derived HDF and 4D flow-derived HDF by Bland-Altman analysis. Conclusion RTOF patients have abnormal diastolic HDF that is correlated to PR, RV function, exercise capacity and vorticity. HDF can be derived from conventional cine, and is a potential link between RV wall motion and intracardiac flow from PR in RTOF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hin Loke
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- 3D Cardiac Visualization Laboratory, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Francesco Capuano
- Department of Fluid Mechanics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Kollar
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Merih Cibis
- Medis Medical Imaging Systems, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Elias Balaras
- Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Gianni Pedrizzetti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Laura Olivieri
- 3D Cardiac Visualization Laboratory, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Cardiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Diaz-Navarro RA, Kerkhof PLM. Left Ventricular Global Function Index and the Impact of its Companion Metric. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:695883. [PMID: 34527709 PMCID: PMC8435684 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.695883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) global function index (LVGFI) has been introduced as a volume-based composite metric for evaluation of ventricular function. The definition formula combines stroke volume (SV), end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV) and LV mass/density. Being a dimensionless ratio, this new metric has serious limitations which require evaluation at a mathematical and clinical level. Using CMRI in 96 patients we studied LV volumes, various derived metrics and global longitudinal strain (GLS) in order to further characterize LVGFI in three diagnostic groups: acute myocarditis, takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction. We also considered the LVGFI companion (C), derived from the quadratic mean. Additional metrics such as ejection fraction (EF), myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) and ventriculo-arterial coupling (VAC), along with their companions (MCFC and VACC) were calculated. All companion metrics (EFC, LVGFIC, MCFC, and VACC) showed sex-specific differences, not clearly reflected by the corresponding ratio-based metrics. LVGFI is mathematically coupled to both EF (with R = 0.86) and VAC (R = 0.87), which observation clarifies why these metrics not only share similar prognostic values but also identical shortcomings. We found that the newly introduced LVGFIC has incremental value compared to the single use of LVGFI, EF, or GLS, when characterizing the three patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rienzi A. Diaz-Navarro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Peter L. M. Kerkhof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Loke YH, Capuano F, Cleveland V, Mandell JG, Balaras E, Olivieri LJ. Moving beyond size: vorticity and energy loss are correlated with right ventricular dysfunction and exercise intolerance in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:98. [PMID: 34412634 PMCID: PMC8377822 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global effect of chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) on right ventricular (RV) dilation and dysfunction in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) patients is well studied by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). However, the links between PR in the RV outflow tract (RVOT), RV dysfunction and exercise intolerance are not clarified by conventional measurements. Not all patients with RV dilation share the same intracardiac flow characteristics, now measurable by time resolved three-dimensional phase contrast imaging (4D flow). In our study, we quantified regional vorticity and energy loss in rTOF patients and correlated these parameters with RV dysfunction and exercise capacity. METHODS rTOF patients with 4D flow datasets were retrospectively analyzed, including those with transannular/infundibular repair and conduit repair. Normal controls and RV dilation patients with atrial-level shunts (Qp:Qs > 1.2:1) were included for comparison. 4D flow was post-processed using IT Flow (Cardioflow, Japan). Systolic/diastolic vorticity (ω, 1/s) and viscous energy loss (VEL, mW) in the RVOT and RV inflow were measured. To characterize the relative influence of diastolic vorticity in the two regions, an RV Diastolic Vorticity Quotient (ωRVOT-Diastole/ωRV Inflow-Diastole, RV-DVQ) was calculated. Additionally, RVOT Vorticity Quotient (ωRVOT-Diastole/ωRVOT-Systole, RVOT-VQ) and RVOT Energy Quotient (VELRVOT-Diastole/VELRVOT-Systole, RVOT-EQ) was calculated. In rTOF, measurements were correlated against conventional CMR and exercise stress test results. RESULTS 58 rTOF patients, 28 RV dilation patients and 12 controls were included. RV-DVQ, RVOT-VQ, and RVOT-EQ were highest in rTOF patients with severe PR compared to rTOF patients with non-severe PR, RV dilation and controls (p < 0.001). RV-DVQ positively correlated with RV end-diastolic volume (0.683, p < 0.001), PR fraction (0.774, p < 0.001) and negatively with RV ejection fraction (- 0.521, p = 0.003). Both RVOT-VQ, RVOT-EQ negatively correlated with VO2-max (- 0.587, p = 0.008 and - 0.617, p = 0.005) and % predicted VO2-max (- 0.678, p = 0.016 and - 0.690, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In rTOF patients, vorticity and energy loss dominate the RVOT compared to tricuspid inflow, correlating with RV dysfunction and exercise intolerance. These 4D flow-based measurements may be sensitive biomarkers to guide surgical management of rTOF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hin Loke
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, W3-200, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Francesco Capuano
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincent Cleveland
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Jason G Mandell
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, W3-200, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Elias Balaras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Laura J Olivieri
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, W3-200, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
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Kothari SS. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in India: Quo Vadis? Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 14:310-314. [PMID: 34667401 PMCID: PMC8457268 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_127_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sunder Kothari
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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9
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Ta HT, Critser PJ, Alsaied T, Germann J, Powell AW, Redington AN, Tretter JT. Modified Ventricular Global Function Index Correlates With Exercise Capacity in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016308. [PMID: 32633206 PMCID: PMC7660707 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiac MRI (CMR) derived ventricular global function index (GFI), a ratio of stroke volume to the sum of mean ventricular cavity and myocardial volumes, has demonstrated improved prediction of clinical outcomes in adults with atherosclerotic disease over ejection fraction. We sought to assess CMR derived GFI and a novel modification that accounts for unique loading conditions in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) and determine its correlation with exercise performance. Methods and Results Seventy‐five patients with rTOF who underwent CMR were identified. Clinical variables were recorded and biventricular GFI calculated. A right ventricular (RV) effective GFI (eGFI) was derived by incorporating effective stroke volume. Thirty‐five pediatric patients were matched with 29 age‐matched healthy controls. Twenty‐five patients completed cardiopulmonary exercise tests within 6 months of CMR. Stepwise regression models were used to determine univariate and multivariable predictors of indexed and percent predicted peak VO2. Median age at CMR was 20 years (interquartile range, 13–28). Pediatric rTOF patients had lower RV eGFI (P < 0.001), RV ejection fraction (P=0.002), but higher indexed RV end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) compared with controls. Univariate analysis demonstrated a correlation between indexed peak VO2 with RV eGFI (R2=0.32, P=0.004), but with neither RVGFI, RV ejection fraction, indexed RV volumes nor RV mass. RV eGFI remained significantly associated with indexed peak VO2 during multivariable modeling. Conclusions Reduced RV eGFI was associated with reduced exercise capacity in rTOF patients, while RV GFI, RV ejection fraction, indexed RV volumes and mass were not. Our modification of the GFI, RV eGFI, may be a valuable non‐invasive marker of cardiac function in rTOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu T Ta
- Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Paul J Critser
- Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Tarek Alsaied
- Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - Joshua Germann
- Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Adam W Powell
- Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - Andrew N Redington
- Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - Justin T Tretter
- Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
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