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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Role of transient receptor potential channels in the regulation of vascular tone. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104051. [PMID: 38838960 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular tone is a major element in the control of hemodynamics. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels conducting monovalent and/or divalent cations (e.g. Na+ and Ca2+) are expressed in the vasculature. Accumulating evidence suggests that TRP channels participate in regulating vascular tone by regulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling in both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). Aberrant expression/function of TRP channels in the vasculature is associated with vascular dysfunction in systemic/pulmonary hypertension and metabolic syndromes. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge of TRP-mediated regulation of vascular tone in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions and to discuss potential therapeutic approaches to tackle abnormal vascular tone due to TRP dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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2
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Mathieu NM, Tan EE, Reho JJ, Brozoski DT, Muskus PC, Lu KT, Wackman KK, Grobe JL, Nakagawa P, Sigmund CD. Genetic Deletion of β-Arrestin 2 From the Subfornical Organ and Other Periventricular Nuclei in the Brain Alters Fluid Homeostasis and Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2024; 81:1332-1344. [PMID: 38629290 PMCID: PMC11096025 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ANG (angiotensin II) elicits dipsogenic and pressor responses via activation of the canonical Gαq (G-protein component of the AT1R [angiotensin type 1 receptor])-mediated AT1R in the subfornical organ. Recently, we demonstrated that ARRB2 (β-arrestin 2) global knockout mice exhibit a higher preference for salt and exacerbated pressor response to deoxycorticosterone acetate salt. However, whether ARRB2 within selective neuroanatomical nuclei alters physiological responses to ANG is unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that ARRB2, specifically in the subfornical organ, counterbalances maladaptive dipsogenic and pressor responses to the canonical AT1R signaling. METHODS Male and female Arrb2FLOX mice received intracerebroventricular injection of either adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Cre-GFP (green fluorescent protein) to induce brain-specific deletion of ARRB2 (Arrb2ICV-Cre). Arrb2FLOX mice receiving ICV-AAV-GFP were used as control (Arrb2ICV-Control). Infection with ICV-AAV-Cre primarily targeted the subfornical organ with few off targets. Fluid intake was evaluated using the 2-bottle choice paradigm with 1 bottle containing water and 1 containing 0.15 mol/L NaCl. RESULTS Arrb2ICV-Cre mice exhibited a greater pressor response to acute ICV-ANG infusion. At baseline conditions, Arrb2ICV-Cre mice exhibited a significant increase in saline intake compared with controls, resulting in a saline preference. Furthermore, when mice were subjected to water-deprived or sodium-depleted conditions, which would naturally increase endogenous ANG levels, Arrb2ICV-Cre mice exhibited elevated saline intake. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data indicate that ARRB2 in selective cardiovascular nuclei in the brain, including the subfornical organ, counterbalances canonical AT1R responses to both exogenous and endogenous ANG. Stimulation of the AT1R/ARRB axis in the brain may represent a novel strategy to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eden E. Tan
- SUPREMES Program, Marquette University & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kelsey K. Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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3
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Coccarelli A, Pant S, Polydoros I, Harraz OF. A new model for evaluating pressure-induced vascular tone in small cerebral arteries. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:271-286. [PMID: 37925376 PMCID: PMC10901969 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of small cerebral arteries (SCAs) to adapt to pressure fluctuations has a fundamental physiological role and appears to be relevant in different pathological conditions. Here, we present a new computational model for quantifying the link, and its contributors, between luminal pressure and vascular tone generation in SCAs. This is assembled by combining a chemical sub-model, representing pressure-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) signalling, with a mechanical sub-model for the tone generation and its transduction at tissue level. The devised model can accurately reproduce the impact of luminal pressure on different cytoplasmic components involved in myogenic signalling, both in the control case and when combined with some specific pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the model is also able to capture and predict experimentally recorded pressure-outer diameter relationships obtained for vessels under control conditions, both in a Ca2 + -free bath and under drug inhibition. The modularity of the proposed framework allows the integration of new components for the study of a broad range of processes involved in the vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Coccarelli
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Sanjay Pant
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ioannis Polydoros
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Osama F Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
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4
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Mathieu NM, Nakagawa P, Grobe JL, Sigmund CD. Insights Into the Role of Angiotensin-II AT 1 Receptor-Dependent β-Arrestin Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease. Hypertension 2024; 81:6-16. [PMID: 37449411 PMCID: PMC10787814 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestins are a family of intracellular signaling proteins that play a key role in regulating the activity of G protein-coupled receptors. The angiotensin-II type 1 receptor is an important G protein-coupled receptor involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function and has been implicated in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to canonical G protein signaling, G protein-coupled receptors including the angiotensin-II type 1 receptor can signal via β-arrestin. Dysregulation of β-arrestin signaling has been linked to several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Understanding the role of β-arrestins in these conditions is critical to provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will discuss the beneficial and maladaptive physiological outcomes of angiotensin-II type 1 receptor-dependent β-arrestin activation in different cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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5
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Eguchi S, Sparks MA, Sawada H, Lu HS, Daugherty A, Zhuo JL. Recent Advances in Understanding the Molecular Pathophysiology of Angiotensin II Receptors: Lessons From Cell-Selective Receptor Deletion in Mice. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1795-1807. [PMID: 37394059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.06.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an essential hormonal system involved in water and sodium reabsorption, renal blood flow regulation, and arterial constriction. Systemic stimulation of the RAS with infusion of the main peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) in animals as well as pathological elevation of renin (ie, renovascular hypertension) to increase circulatory Ang II in humans ultimately lead to hypertension and end organ damage. In addition to hypertension, accumulating evidence supports that the Ang II type 1 receptor exerts a critical role in cardiovascular and kidney diseases independent of blood pressure elevation. In the past 2 decades, the identification of an increased number of peptides and receptors has facilitated the concept that the RAS has detrimental and beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system depending on which RAS components are activated. For example, angiotensin 1-7 and Ang II type 2 receptors act as a counter-regulatory system against the classical RAS by mediating vasodilation. Although the RAS as an endocrine system for regulation of blood pressure is well established, there remain many unanswered questions and controversial findings regarding blood pressure regulation and pathophysiological regulation of cardiovascular diseases at the tissue level. This review article includes the latest knowledge gleaned from cell type-selective gene deleted mice regarding cell type-specific roles of Ang II receptors and their significance in health and diseases are discussed. In particular, we focus on the roles of these receptors expressed in vascular, cardiac, and kidney epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Eguchi
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Renal Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Center, and Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong S Lu
- Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Center, and Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Center, and Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jia L Zhuo
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence and Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Colin M, Delaitre C, Foulquier S, Dupuis F. The AT 1/AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System. Molecules 2023; 28:5481. [PMID: 37513355 PMCID: PMC10383525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The AT1 receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT2 receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting via specific agonists is mainly used to counteract the effects of the AT1 receptor. The discovery of a local RAS has highlighted the importance of the balance between AT1/AT2 receptors at the tissue level. Disruption of this balance is suggested to be detrimental. The fine tuning of this balance is not limited to the regulation of the level of expression of these two receptors. Other mechanisms still largely unexplored, such as S-nitrosation of the AT1 receptor, homo- and heterodimerization, and the use of AT1 receptor-biased agonists, may significantly contribute to and/or interfere with the settings of this AT1/AT2 equilibrium. This review will detail, through several examples (the brain, wound healing, and the cellular cycle), the importance of the functional balance between AT1 and AT2 receptors, and how new molecular pharmacological approaches may act on its regulation to open up new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Colin
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MHeNS-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MHeNS-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Parichatikanond W, Duangrat R, Mangmool S. G αq protein-biased ligand of angiotensin II type 1 receptor mediates myofibroblast differentiation through TGF-β1/ERK axis in human cardiac fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175780. [PMID: 37209939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptors are members of G protein-coupled receptor superfamily that manifest biased signals toward G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent pathways. However, the role of angiotensin II receptor-biased ligands and the mechanisms underlying myofibroblast differentiation in human cardiac fibroblasts have not been fully elucidated. Our results demonstrated that antagonism of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) and blockade of Gαq protein suppressed angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced fibroblast proliferation, overexpression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and stress fibre formation, indicating the AT1 receptor/Gαq axis is necessary for fibrogenic effects of Ang II. Stimulation of AT1 receptors by their Gαq-biased ligand (TRV120055), but not β-arrestin-biased ligand (TRV120027), substantially exerted fibrogenic effects at a level similar to that of Ang II, suggesting that AT1 receptor induced cardiac fibrosis in a Gαq-dependent and β-arrestin-independent manner. Valsartan prevents TRV120055-mediated fibroblast activation. TRV120055 mediated the upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) through the AT1 receptor/Gαq cascade. In addition, Gαq protein and TGF-β1 were necessary for ERK1/2 activation induced by Ang II and TRV120055. Collectively, TGF-β1 and ERK1/2 are downstream effectors of the Gαq-biased ligand of AT1 receptor for the induction of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warisara Parichatikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing (BSHA), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Ratchanee Duangrat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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9
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Okuno K, Torimoto K, Cicalese SM, Preston K, Rizzo V, Hashimoto T, Coffman TM, Sparks MA, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Type 1A Receptor Expressed in Smooth Muscle Cells is Required for Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling in Mice Infused With Angiotensin II. Hypertension 2023; 80:668-677. [PMID: 36628961 PMCID: PMC9931681 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ang II (angiotensin II) type 1 (AT1) receptors play a critical role in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Rodents have 2 types of AT1 receptor (AT1A and AT1B) of which knock-in Tagln-mediated smooth muscle AT1A silencing attenuated Ang II-induced hypertension. Although vascular remodeling, a significant contributor to organ damage, occurs concurrently with hypertension in Ang II-infused mice, the contribution of smooth muscle AT1A in this process remains unexplored. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that smooth muscle AT1A receptors exclusively contribute to both medial thickening and adventitial fibrosis regardless of the presence of hypertension. METHODS About 1 µg/kg per minute Ang II was infused for 2 weeks in 2 distinct AT1A receptor silenced mice, knock-in Tagln-mediated constitutive smooth muscle AT1A receptor silenced mice, and Myh11-mediated inducible smooth muscle AT1A together with global AT1B silenced mice for evaluation of hypertensive cardiovascular remodeling. RESULTS Medial thickness, adventitial collagen deposition, and immune cell infiltration in aorta were increased in control mice but not in both smooth muscle AT1A receptor silenced mice. Coronary arterial perivascular fibrosis in response to Ang II infusion was also attenuated in both AT1A receptor silenced mice. Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy was attenuated in constitutive smooth muscle AT1A receptor silenced mice. However, Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension were not altered in inducible smooth muscle AT1A receptor silenced mice. CONCLUSIONS Smooth muscle AT1A receptors mediate Ang II-induced vascular remodeling including medial hypertrophy and inflammatory perivascular fibrosis regardless of the presence of hypertension. Our data suggest an independent etiology of blood pressure elevation and hypertensive vascular remodeling in response to Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okuno
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.O., K.T., S.M.C., K.P., V.R., S.E.)
| | - Keiichi Torimoto
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.O., K.T., S.M.C., K.P., V.R., S.E.)
| | - Stephanie M Cicalese
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.O., K.T., S.M.C., K.P., V.R., S.E.)
| | - Kyle Preston
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.O., K.T., S.M.C., K.P., V.R., S.E.)
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.O., K.T., S.M.C., K.P., V.R., S.E.)
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (T.H.)
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.M.C., M.A.S.)
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (T.M.C.)
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.M.C., M.A.S.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.O., K.T., S.M.C., K.P., V.R., S.E.)
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10
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Cui Y, Gollasch M, Kassmann M. Arterial myogenic response and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101813. [PMID: 36470339 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arterial myogenic response is an inherent property of resistance arteries. Myogenic tone is crucial for maintaining a relatively constant blood flow in response to changes in intraluminal pressure and protects delicate organs from excessive blood flow. Although this fundamental physiological phenomenon has been extensively studied, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent studies identified a crucial role of mechano-activated angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) in this process. The development of myogenic response is affected by aging. In this review, we summarize recent progress made to understand the role of AT1R and other mechanosensors in the control of arterial myogenic response. We discuss age-related alterations in myogenic response and possible underlying mechanisms and implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Cui
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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11
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Gq Signaling in Autophagy Control: Between Chemical and Mechanical Cues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081599. [PMID: 36009317 PMCID: PMC9405508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All processes in human physiology relies on homeostatic mechanisms which require the activation of specific control circuits to adapt the changes imposed by external stimuli. One of the critical modulators of homeostatic balance is autophagy, a catabolic process that is responsible of the destruction of long-lived proteins and organelles through a lysosome degradative pathway. Identification of the mechanism underlying autophagic flux is considered of great importance as both protective and detrimental functions are linked with deregulated autophagy. At the mechanistic and regulatory levels, autophagy is activated in response to diverse stress conditions (food deprivation, hyperthermia and hypoxia), even a novel perspective highlight the potential role of physical forces in autophagy modulation. To understand the crosstalk between all these controlling mechanisms could give us new clues about the specific contribution of autophagy in a wide range of diseases including vascular disorders, inflammation and cancer. Of note, any homeostatic control critically depends in at least two additional and poorly studied interdependent components: a receptor and its downstream effectors. Addressing the selective receptors involved in autophagy regulation is an open question and represents a new area of research in this field. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the largest and druggable targets membrane receptor protein superfamily. By exerting their action through G proteins, GPCRs play fundamental roles in the control of cellular homeostasis. Novel studies have shown Gαq, a subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, as a core modulator of mTORC1 and autophagy, suggesting a fundamental contribution of Gαq-coupled GPCRs mechanisms in the control of this homeostatic feedback loop. To address how GPCR-G proteins machinery integrates the response to different stresses including oxidative conditions and mechanical stimuli, could provide deeper insight into new signaling pathways and open potential and novel therapeutic strategies in the modulation of different pathological conditions.
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12
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Chen Y, Sonkusare SK. Mechanosensitive Angiotensin II Receptor Signaling in Pressure‐Induced Vasoconstriction. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024740. [PMID: 35156384 PMCID: PMC9245830 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen‐Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
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