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Li X, Zou J, Lin A, Chi J, Hao H, Chen H, Liu Z. Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction, and N-Acetylcysteine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:968-989. [PMID: 38497734 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Endothelial dysfunction is closely associated with the development and progression of CVDs. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) especially type 2 DM (T2DM) exhibit a significant endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction with substantially increased risk for CVDs. Recent Advances: Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are important contributing factors to EC dysfunction and subsequent CVDs. ROS production is significantly increased in DM and is critically involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients. In this review, efforts are made to discuss the role of excessive ROS and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms for excessive ROS production and oxidative stress in T2DM. Critical Issues: Although studies with diabetic animal models have shown that targeting ROS with traditional antioxidant vitamins C and E or other antioxidant supplements provides promising beneficial effects on endothelial function, the cardiovascular outcomes of clinical studies with these antioxidant supplements have been inconsistent in diabetic patients. Future Directions: Preclinical and limited clinical data suggest that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment may improve endothelial function in diabetic patients. However, well-designed clinical studies are needed to determine if NAC supplementation would effectively preserve endothelial function and improve the clinical outcomes of diabetic patients with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. With better understanding on the mechanisms of ROS generation and ROS-mediated endothelial damages/dysfunction, it is anticipated that new selective ROS-modulating agents and effective personalized strategies will be developed for the management of endothelial dysfunction in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Junyong Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Aiping Lin
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jingshu Chi
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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2
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Arte PA, Tungare K, Bhori M, Jobby R, Aich J. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with stem cells and antidiabetic drugs: a dualistic and future-focused approach. Hum Cell 2024; 37:54-84. [PMID: 38038863 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-01007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of total diabetes mellitus cases all over the world. Obesity and lack of balance between energy intake and energy expenditure are closely linked to T2DM. Initial pharmaceutical treatment and lifestyle interventions can at times lead to remission but usually help alleviate it to a certain extent and the condition remains, thus, recurrent with the patient being permanently pharmaco-dependent. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells with the ability to secrete a variety of biological factors that can help restore and repair injured tissues. MSC-derived exosomes possess these properties of the original stem cells and are potentially able to confer superior effects due to advanced cell-to-cell signaling and the presence of stem cell-specific miRNAs. On the other hand, the repository of antidiabetic agents is constantly updated with novel T2DM disease-modifying drugs, with higher efficacy and increasingly convenient delivery protocols. Delving deeply, this review details the latest progress and ongoing studies related to the amalgamation of stem cells and antidiabetic drugs, establishing how this harmonized approach can exert superior effects in the management and potential reversal of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Amol Arte
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India.
- Anatek Services PVT LTD, Sai Chamber, 10, Near Santacruz Railway Bridge, Sen Nagar, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400055, India.
| | - Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Mustansir Bhori
- Inveniolife Technology PVT LTD, Office No.118, Grow More Tower, Plot No.5, Sector 2, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
- Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - Jyotirmoi Aich
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
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Cui Y, Zhu Q, Hao H, Flaker GC, Liu Z. N-Acetylcysteine and Atherosclerosis: Promises and Challenges. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2073. [PMID: 38136193 PMCID: PMC10741030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. Although the mechanism for atherosclerosis is complex and has not been fully understood, inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used as a mucolytic agent and an antidote for acetaminophen overdose with a well-established safety profile. NAC has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through multiple mechanisms, including an increase in the intracellular glutathione level and an attenuation of the nuclear factor kappa-B mediated production of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that NAC significantly decreases the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the data on the outcomes of clinical studies in patients with atherosclerosis have been limited and inconsistent. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data on the effect of NAC on atherosclerosis from both pre-clinical and clinical studies and discuss the potential mechanisms of action of NAC on atherosclerosis, as well as challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gregory C. Flaker
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Fichman Y, Rowland L, Oliver MJ, Mittler R. ROS are evolutionary conserved cell-to-cell stress signals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305496120. [PMID: 37494396 PMCID: PMC10400990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305496120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is fundamental to multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms living in a microbiome. It is thought to have evolved as a stress- or quorum-sensing mechanism in unicellular organisms. A unique cell-to-cell communication mechanism that uses reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a signal (termed the "ROS wave") was identified in flowering plants. This process is essential for systemic signaling and plant acclimation to stress and can spread from a small group of cells to the entire plant within minutes. Whether a similar signaling process is found in other organisms is however unknown. Here, we report that the ROS wave can be found in unicellular algae, amoeba, ferns, mosses, mammalian cells, and isolated hearts. We further show that this process can be triggered in unicellular and multicellular organisms by a local stress or H2O2 treatment and blocked by the application of catalase or NADPH oxidase inhibitors and that in unicellular algae it communicates important stress-response signals between cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that an active process of cell-to-cell ROS signaling, like the ROS wave, evolved before unicellular and multicellular organisms diverged. This mechanism could have communicated an environmental stress signal between cells and coordinated the acclimation response of many different cells living in a community. The finding of a signaling process, like the ROS wave, in mammalian cells further contributes to our understanding of different diseases and could impact the development of drugs that target for example cancer or heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Linda Rowland
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Melvin J. Oliver
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
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Luo M, Zhao Z, Yi J. Osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell in hyperglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150068. [PMID: 37415664 PMCID: PMC10321525 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to be a clinical risk factor for bone diseases including osteoporosis and fragility. Bone metabolism is a complicated process that requires coordinated differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Owing to the regenerative properties, BMSCs have laid a robust foundation for their clinical application in various diseases. However, mounting evidence indicates that the osteogenic capability of BMSCs is impaired under high glucose conditions, which is responsible for diabetic bone diseases and greatly reduces the therapeutic efficiency of BMSCs. With the rapidly increasing incidence of DM, a better understanding of the impacts of hyperglycemia on BMSCs osteogenesis and the underlying mechanisms is needed. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of the osteogenesis of BMSCs in hyperglycemia, the underlying mechanisms, and the strategies to rescue the impaired BMSCs osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou H, He Y, Xiong W, Jing S, Duan X, Huang Z, Nahal GS, Peng Y, Li M, Zhu Y, Ye Q. MSC based gene delivery methods and strategies improve the therapeutic efficacy of neurological diseases. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:409-437. [PMCID: PMC9713256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Zhu Q, Liu X, Wu H, Yang C, Wang M, Chen F, Cui Y, Hao H, Hill MA, Liu Z. CARD9 deficiency improves the recovery of limb ischemia in mice with ambient fine particulate matter exposure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1125717. [PMID: 36860276 PMCID: PMC9968734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1125717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases largely due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation. Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)9 is critically involved in innate immunity and inflammation. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that CARD9 signaling is critically involved in PM exposure-induced oxidative stress and impaired recovery of limb ischemia. Methods and results Critical limb ischemia (CLI) was created in male wildtype C57BL/6 and age matched CARD9 deficient mice with or without PM (average diameter 2.8 μm) exposure. Mice received intranasal PM exposure for 1 month prior to creation of CLI and continued for the duration of the experiment. Blood flow and mechanical function were evaluated in vivo at baseline and days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post CLI. PM exposure significantly increased ROS production, macrophage infiltration, and CARD9 protein expression in ischemic limbs of C57BL/6 mice in association with decreased recovery of blood flow and mechanical function. CARD9 deficiency effectively prevented PM exposure-induced ROS production and macrophage infiltration and preserved the recovery of ischemic limb with increased capillary density. CARD9 deficiency also significantly attenuated PM exposure-induced increase of circulating CD11b+/F4/80+ macrophages. Conclusion The data indicate that CARD9 signaling plays an important role in PM exposure-induced ROS production and impaired limb recovery following ischemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Zhenguo Liu ✉
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Wang C, Nistala R, Cao M, Li DP, Pan Y, Golzy M, Cui Y, Liu Z, Kang X. Repair of Limb Ischemia Is Dependent on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Specific-SHP-1 Regulation of TGF-β1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:92-108. [PMID: 36412197 PMCID: PMC10037747 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy has shown promise for tissue regeneration after ischemia. Therefore, there is a need to understand mechanisms underlying endogenous HSCs activation in response to ischemic stress and coordination of angiogenesis and repair. SHP-1 plays important roles in HSC quiescence and differentiation by regulation of TGF-β1 signaling. TGF-β1 promotes angiogenesis by stimulating stem cells to secrete growth factors to initiate the formation of blood vessels and later aid in their maturation. We propose that SHP-1 responds to ischemia stress in HSC and progenitor cells (HSPC) via regulation of TGF-β1. METHODS A mouse hind limb ischemia model was used. Local blood perfusion in the limbs was determined using laser doppler perfusion imaging. The number of positive blood vessels per square millimeter, as well as blood vessel diameter (μm) and area (μm2), were calculated. Hematopoietic cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. The bone marrow transplantation assay was performed to measure HSC reconstitution. RESULTS After femoral artery ligation, TGF-β1 was initially decreased in the bone marrow by day 3 of ischemia, followed by an increase on day 7. This pattern was opposite to that in the peripheral blood, which is concordant with the response of HSC to ischemic stress. In contrast, SHP-1 deficiency in HSC is associated with irreversible activation of HSPCs in the bone marrow and increased circulating HSPCs in peripheral blood following limb ischemia. In addition, there was augmented auto-induction of TGF-β1 and sustained inactivation of SHP-1-Smad2 signaling, which impacted TGF-β1 expression in HSPCs in circulation. Importantly, restoration of normal T GF-β1 oscillations helped in the recovery of limb repair and function. CONCLUSIONS HSPC-SHP-1-mediated regulation of TGF-β1 in both bone marrow and peripheral blood is required for a normal response to ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Nephrology (R.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Min Cao
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - De-Pei Li
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Yi Pan
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Mojgan Golzy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine - Biostatistics Unit, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.G.)
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., Z.L.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., Z.L.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - XunLei Kang
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
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Zhu Q, Liu X, Zhu Q, Liu Z, Yang C, Wu H, Zhang L, Xia X, Wang M, Hao H, Cui Y, Zhang G, Hill MA, Flaker GC, Zhou S, Liu Z. N-Acetylcysteine Enhances the Recovery of Ischemic Limb in Type-2 Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061097. [PMID: 35739993 PMCID: PMC9219773 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs without effective therapy. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress play critical roles in the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces ischemia-induced ROS production. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of NAC on the recovery of ischemic limb in an experimental model of type-2 diabetes. TALLYHO/JngJ diabetic and SWR/J non-diabetic mice were used for developing a CLI model. For NAC treatment, mice received NAC (1 mg/mL) in their drinking water for 24 h before initiating CLI, and continuously for the duration of the experiment. Blood flow, mechanical function, histology, expression of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, SOD-3, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)-1, catalase, and phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt, and eNOS in ischemic limb were evaluated in vivo or ex vivo. Body weight, blood glucose, plasma advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), plasma insulin, insulin resistance index, and plasma TNF-a were also evaluated during the experiment. NAC treatment effectively attenuated ROS production with preserved expressions of SOD-1, Gpx-1, catalase, phosphorylated Akt, and eNOS, and enhanced the recovery of blood flow and function of the diabetic ischemic limb. NAC treatment also significantly decreased the levels of phosphorylated IRS-1 (Ser307) expression and plasma TNF-α in diabetic mice without significant changes in blood glucose and AGEs levels. In conclusion, NAC treatment enhanced the recovery of blood flow and mechanical function in ischemic limbs in T2D mice in association with improved tissue redox/inflammatory status and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Zehao Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Xiujuan Xia
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Hematopathy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Gregory C. Flaker
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-884-3278; Fax: +1-573-884-7743
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Xu Y, Bu H, Jiang Y, Zhuo X, Hu K, Si Z, Chen Y, Liu Q, Gong X, Sun H, Zhu Q, Cui L, Ma X, Cui Y. N‑acetyl cysteine prevents ambient fine particulate matter‑potentiated atherosclerosis via inhibition of reactive oxygen species‑induced oxidized low density lipoprotein elevation and decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cell. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:236. [PMID: 35621139 PMCID: PMC9185698 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) serves an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis. Antioxidant N‑acetyl cysteine (NAC) has protective effects in the cardiovascular system. However, it is unknown if NAC prevents PM‑potentiated atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemia. Low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor knockout mice were pretreated with 1 mg/ml NAC in drinking water for 1 week and continued to receive NAC, high‑fat diet and intranasal instillation of PM for 1 week or 6 months. Blood plasma was collected for lipid profile, oxidized (ox‑)LDL, blood reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokine (TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6) measurement. Blood cells were harvested for endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) population and intracellular ROS analysis. Murine aorta was isolated for atherosclerotic plaque ratio calculation. NAC treatment maintained circulating EPC level and significantly decreased blood ox‑LDL and ROS, inflammatory cytokines, mononuclear and EPC intracellular ROS levels as well as aortic plaque ratio. NAC prevented PM‑potentiated atherosclerosis by inhibiting plasma ROS‑induced ox‑LDL elevation, mononuclear cell and EPC intracellular ROS‑induced circulating EPC reduction and inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Bu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yufan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Emergency, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Si
- Department of Emergency, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haihui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Tracy EP, Stielberg V, Rowe G, Benson D, Nunes SS, Hoying JB, Murfee WL, LeBlanc AJ. State of the field: cellular and exosomal therapeutic approaches in vascular regeneration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H647-H680. [PMID: 35179976 PMCID: PMC8957327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00674.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies of the vasculature including the microvasculature are often complex in nature, leading to loss of physiological homeostatic regulation of patency and adequate perfusion to match tissue metabolic demands. Microvascular dysfunction is a key underlying element in the majority of pathologies of failing organs and tissues. Contributing pathological factors to this dysfunction include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, endothelial dysfunction, loss of angiogenic potential and vascular density, and greater senescence and apoptosis. In many clinical settings, current pharmacologic strategies use a single or narrow targeted approach to address symptoms of pathology rather than a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to address their root cause. To address this, efforts have been heavily focused on cellular therapies and cell-free therapies (e.g., exosomes) that can tackle the multifaceted etiology of vascular and microvascular dysfunction. In this review, we discuss 1) the state of the field in terms of common therapeutic cell population isolation techniques, their unique characteristics, and their advantages and disadvantages, 2) common molecular mechanisms of cell therapies to restore vascularization and/or vascular function, 3) arguments for and against allogeneic versus autologous applications of cell therapies, 4) emerging strategies to optimize and enhance cell therapies through priming and preconditioning, and, finally, 5) emerging strategies to bolster therapeutic effect. Relevant and recent clinical and animal studies using cellular therapies to restore vascular function or pathologic tissue health by way of improved vascularization are highlighted throughout these sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Virginia Stielberg
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel Benson
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James B Hoying
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, New Hampshire
| | - Walter Lee Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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