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Tissue-specific Gene Expression Changes Are Associated with Aging in Mice. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:430-442. [PMID: 33309863 PMCID: PMC8242333 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that can be characterized by functional and cognitive decline in an individual. Aging can be assessed based on the functional capacity of vital organs and their intricate interactions with one another. Thus, the nature of aging can be described by focusing on a specific organ and an individual itself. However, to fully understand the complexity of aging, one must investigate not only a single tissue or biological process but also its complex interplay and interdependencies with other biological processes. Here, using RNA-seq, we monitored changes in the transcriptome during aging in four tissues (including brain, blood, skin and liver) in mice at 9 months, 15 months, and 24 months, with a final evaluation at the very old age of 30 months. We identified several genes and processes that were differentially regulated during aging in both tissue-dependent and tissue-independent manners. Most importantly, we found that the electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria was similarly affected at the transcriptome level in the four tissues during the aging process. We also identified the liver as the tissue showing the largest variety of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) over time. Lcn2 (Lipocalin-2) was found to be similarly regulated among all tissues, and its effect on longevity and survival was validated using its orthologue in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our study demonstrated that the molecular processes of aging are relatively subtle in their progress, and the aging process of every tissue depends on the tissue’s specialized function and environment. Hence, individual gene or process alone cannot be described as the key of aging in the whole organism.
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2
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Bueno C, Martínez-Morga M, Martínez S. Non-proliferative neurogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18038. [PMID: 31792338 PMCID: PMC6888846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the sequence of events from undifferentiated stem cells to neuron is not only important for the basic knowledge of stem cell biology, but also for therapeutic applications. In this study we examined the sequence of biological events during neural differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Here, we show that hPDLSCs-derived neural-like cells display a sequence of morphologic development highly similar to those reported before in primary neuronal cultures derived from rodent brains. We observed that cell proliferation is not present through neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Futhermore, we may have discovered micronuclei movement and transient cell nuclei lobulation coincident to in vitro neurogenesis. Morphological analysis also reveals that neurogenic niches in the adult mouse brain contain cells with nuclear shapes highly similar to those observed during in vitro neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Our results provide additional evidence that it is possible to differentiate hPDLSCs to neuron-like cells and suggest the possibility that the sequence of events from stem cell to neuron does not necessarily requires cell division from stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bueno
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, 03550, Spain.
| | - Marta Martínez-Morga
- Department of Human Anatomy and Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, Faculty of Medicine, Murcia, 30800, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, 03550, Spain
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3
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Ngwenya LB, Danzer SC. Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1014. [PMID: 30686980 PMCID: PMC6333744 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons are generated in the hippocampal dentate gyrus from early development through adulthood. Progenitor cells and immature granule cells in the subgranular zone are responsive to changes in their environment; and indeed, a large body of research indicates that neuronal interactions and the dentate gyrus milieu regulates granule cell proliferation, maturation, and integration. Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), these interactions are dramatically altered. In addition to cell losses from injury and neurotransmitter dysfunction, patients often show electroencephalographic evidence of cortical spreading depolarizations and seizure activity after TBI. Furthermore, treatment for TBI often involves interventions that alter hippocampal function such as sedative medications, neuromodulating agents, and anti-epileptic drugs. Here, we review hippocampal changes after TBI and how they impact the coordinated process of granule cell adult neurogenesis. We also discuss clinical TBI treatments that have the potential to alter neurogenesis. A thorough understanding of the impact that TBI has on neurogenesis will ultimately be needed to begin to design novel therapeutics to promote recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Ngwenya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Neurotrauma Center, University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Anesthesia, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Center for Pediatric Neuroscience, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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4
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Taş YÇ, Solaroğlu İ, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y. Spreading Depolarization Waves in Neurological Diseases: A Short Review about its Pathophysiology and Clinical Relevance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:151-164. [PMID: 28925885 PMCID: PMC6343201 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170915160707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesion growth following acutely injured brain tissue after stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury is an important issue and a new target area for promising therapeutic interventions. Spreading depolarization or peri-lesion depolarization waves were demonstrated as one of the significant contributors of continued lesion growth. In this short review, we discuss the pathophysiology for SD forming events and try to list findings detected in neurological disorders like migraine, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury in both human as well as experimental studies. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies are highlighted and future directions and research limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey; Tel: +90 850 250 8250; E-mails: ,
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5
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Tamaki R, Orie SI, Alessandri B, Kempski O, Heimann A. Spreading depression and focal venous cerebral ischemia enhance cortical neurogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1278-1286. [PMID: 28966642 PMCID: PMC5607822 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous neurogenesis can arise from a variety of physiological stimuli including exercise, learning, or "enriched environment" as well as pathological conditions such as ischemia, epilepsy or cortical spreading depression. Whether all these conditions use a common trigger to set off endogenous neurogenesis is yet unclear. We hypothesized that cortical spreading depression (CSD) induces neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus after cerebral venous ischemia. Forty-two Wistar rats alternatively underwent sham operation (Sham), induction of ten CSDs or venous ischemia provoked via occlusion of two adjacent superficial cortical vein followed by ten induced CSDs (CSD + 2-VO). As an additional control, 15 naïve rats received no intervention except 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment for 7 days. Sagittal brain slices (40 μm thick) were co-stained for BrdU and doublecortin (DCX; new immature neuronal cells) on day 9 or NeuN (new mature neuronal cells) on day 28. On day 9 after sham operation, cell proliferation and neurogenesis occurred in the cortex in rats. The sole induction of CSD had no effect. But on days 9 and 28, more proliferating cells and newly formed neurons in the ipsilateral cortex were observed in rats subjected to CSD + 2VO than in rats subjected to sham operation. On days 9 and 28, cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus was increased in sham-operated rats than in naïve rats. Our data supports the hypothesis that induced cortical neurogenesis after CSD + 2-VO is a direct effect of ischemia, rather than of CSD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Samuel Ige Orie
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Alessandri
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Kempski
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel Heimann
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Urbach A, Baum E, Braun F, Witte OW. Cortical spreading depolarization increases adult neurogenesis, and alters behavior and hippocampus-dependent memory in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1776-1790. [PMID: 27189903 PMCID: PMC5435280 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16643736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cortical spreading depolarizations are an epiphenomenon of human brain pathologies and associated with extensive but transient changes in ion homeostasis, metabolism, and blood flow. Previously, we have shown that cortical spreading depolarization have long-lasting consequences on the brains transcriptome and structure. In particular, we found that cortical spreading depolarization stimulate hippocampal cell proliferation resulting in a sustained increase in adult neurogenesis. Since the hippocampus is responsible for explicit memory and adult-born dentate granule neurons contribute to this function, cortical spreading depolarization might influence hippocampus-dependent cognition. To address this question, we induced cortical spreading depolarization in C57Bl/6 J mice by epidural application of 1.5 mol/L KCl and evaluated neurogenesis and behavior at two, four, or six weeks thereafter. Congruent with our previous findings in rats, we found that cortical spreading depolarization increases numbers of newborn dentate granule neurons. Moreover, exploratory behavior and object location memory were consistently enhanced. Reference memory in the water maze was virtually unaffected, whereas memory formation in the Barnes maze was impaired with a delay of two weeks and facilitated after four weeks. These data show that cortical spreading depolarization produces lasting changes in psychomotor behavior and complex, delay- and task-dependent changes in spatial memory, and suggest that cortical spreading depolarization-like events affect the emotional and cognitive outcomes of associated brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbach
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Eileen Baum
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Falko Braun
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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7
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Hartings JA, Shuttleworth CW, Kirov SA, Ayata C, Hinzman JM, Foreman B, Andrew RD, Boutelle MG, Brennan KC, Carlson AP, Dahlem MA, Drenckhahn C, Dohmen C, Fabricius M, Farkas E, Feuerstein D, Graf R, Helbok R, Lauritzen M, Major S, Oliveira-Ferreira AI, Richter F, Rosenthal ES, Sakowitz OW, Sánchez-Porras R, Santos E, Schöll M, Strong AJ, Urbach A, Westover MB, Winkler MK, Witte OW, Woitzik J, Dreier JP. The continuum of spreading depolarizations in acute cortical lesion development: Examining Leão's legacy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1571-1594. [PMID: 27328690 PMCID: PMC5435288 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16654495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A modern understanding of how cerebral cortical lesions develop after acute brain injury is based on Aristides Leão's historic discoveries of spreading depression and asphyxial/anoxic depolarization. Treated as separate entities for decades, we now appreciate that these events define a continuum of spreading mass depolarizations, a concept that is central to understanding their pathologic effects. Within minutes of acute severe ischemia, the onset of persistent depolarization triggers the breakdown of ion homeostasis and development of cytotoxic edema. These persistent changes are diagnosed as diffusion restriction in magnetic resonance imaging and define the ischemic core. In delayed lesion growth, transient spreading depolarizations arise spontaneously in the ischemic penumbra and induce further persistent depolarization and excitotoxic damage, progressively expanding the ischemic core. The causal role of these waves in lesion development has been proven by real-time monitoring of electrophysiology, blood flow, and cytotoxic edema. The spreading depolarization continuum further applies to other models of acute cortical lesions, suggesting that it is a universal principle of cortical lesion development. These pathophysiologic concepts establish a working hypothesis for translation to human disease, where complex patterns of depolarizations are observed in acute brain injury and appear to mediate and signal ongoing secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed A Hartings
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - C William Shuttleworth
- 3 Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sergei A Kirov
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- 5 Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, and Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason M Hinzman
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brandon Foreman
- 6 Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R David Andrew
- 7 Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martyn G Boutelle
- 8 Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K C Brennan
- 9 Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,10 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew P Carlson
- 11 Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Markus A Dahlem
- 12 Department of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christian Dohmen
- 14 Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Fabricius
- 15 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Eszter Farkas
- 16 Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Delphine Feuerstein
- 17 Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf Graf
- 17 Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raimund Helbok
- 18 Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- 15 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,19 Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Major
- 13 Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,20 Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,21 Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana I Oliveira-Ferreira
- 20 Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,21 Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Richter
- 22 Institute of Physiology/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Eric S Rosenthal
- 5 Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, and Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver W Sakowitz
- 23 Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany.,24 Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renán Sánchez-Porras
- 24 Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edgar Santos
- 24 Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schöll
- 24 Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony J Strong
- 25 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Anja Urbach
- 26 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - M Brandon Westover
- 5 Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, and Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maren Kl Winkler
- 20 Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- 26 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,27 Brain Imaging Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Woitzik
- 20 Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,28 Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens P Dreier
- 13 Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,20 Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,21 Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Qiuxia Z, Xinlong M, Yilong Y, Hui Z, Yali W, Xiaoquan Y, Lei W, Jiahui C, Haiyan Z. JIEYUANSHEN DECOCTION EXERTS ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS ON DEPRESSIVE RAT MODEL VIA REGULATING HPA AXIS AND THE LEVEL OF AMINO ACIDS NEUROTRANSMITTER. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:33-46. [PMID: 28573220 PMCID: PMC5446459 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Jieyuanshen decoction (JYAS-D) - a traditional Chinese medicine was invented by Professor Nie based on classic formulas, chaihu jia longgu muli decoction has been proved as having favorable curative effects on depression in clinical practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant effects and its molecular mechanism of JYAS-D. Materials and Methods: The model of depression was established by Chronic Unpredictable Stress. Different doses (8.2 g/kg, 16.3 g/kg, 32.7 g/kg) of JYAS-D was orally administered; Fluoxetine was orally administered with 10mg/kg. All treatments lasted for 28 days. Sucrose preference and open-field tests were adopted to observe the behavior of rats. OPA (ortho-phthalaldehyde) derivatization method was used to detect the contents of amino acid neurotransmitter. RIA (Radiation immunity analysis) method was used to measure the serum concentrations of CORT (Corticosterone), ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) and CRH (Corticotropin-releasing hormone). ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) method was adopted to examine the contents of Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in hippocampus. Results: Compared with the model group, sucrose preference was increased in all treatment groups. The concentration of serum CORT was reduced in the middle dose of JYAS-D and control groups; the concentration of serum ACTH was reduced in the low and high-dose of JYAS-D; the concentration of serum CRH was reduced in the middle and high-dose of JYAS-D. The content of hippocampus GR was increased in the middle and high-dose of JYAS-D; the content of hippocampus Glu (Glutamic acid) was reduced among the low, middle and high-dose of JYAS-D and fluoxetine group, the ratio of Glu/γ-GABA (y-aminobutyric acid was reduced in the low and high-dose of JYAS-D. Conclusion: JYAS-D had a significant antidepressant-like effect on rat model through regulating serum concentration of CORT, ACTH and CRH, increasing the content of hippocampus GR and regulating the equilibrium of amino acids neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Qiuxia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ma Xinlong
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Yilong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhao Hui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wang Yali
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yao Xiaoquan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wang Lei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chang Jiahui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zou Haiyan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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9
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Nogueira AB, Nogueira AB, Esteves Veiga JC, Teixeira MJ. Multimodality monitoring, inflammation, and neuroregeneration in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2015; 75:678-89. [PMID: 25050583 PMCID: PMC4224571 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The mortality rate of poor-grade SAH ranges from 34% to 52%. In an attempt to improve SAH outcomes, clinical research on multimodality monitoring has been performed, as has basic science research on inflammation and neuroregeneration (which can occur due to injury-induced neurogenesis). Nevertheless, the current literature does not focus on the integrated study of these fields. Multimodality monitoring corresponds to physiological data obtained during clinical management by both noninvasive and invasive methods. Regarding inflammation and neuroregeneration, evidence suggests that, in all types of stroke, a proinflammatory phase and an anti-inflammatory phase occur consecutively; these phases affect neurogenesis, which is also influenced by other pathophysiological features of stroke, such as ischemia, seizures, and spreading depression. OBJECTIVE To assess whether injury-induced neurogenesis is a prognostic factor in poor-grade SAH that can be monitored and modulated. METHODS We propose a protocol for multimodality monitoring-guided hypothermia in poor-grade SAH in which cellular and molecular markers of inflammation and neuroregeneration can be monitored in parallel with clinical and multimodal data. EXPECTED OUTCOMES This study may reveal correlations between markers of inflammation and neurogenesis in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, based on clinical and multimodality monitoring parameters. DISCUSSION This protocol has the potential to lead to new therapies for acute, diffuse, and severe brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano B Nogueira
- *Division of Neurosurgery Clinics, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; ‡Institute of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and §Santa Casa Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Urbach A, Brueckner J, Witte OW. Cortical spreading depolarization stimulates gliogenesis in the rat entorhinal cortex. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:576-82. [PMID: 25515215 PMCID: PMC4420877 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that cortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs) are a potent trigger of hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we evaluated CSD-induced cytogenesis in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which provides the major afferent input to the dentate gyrus. Cortical spreading depolarizations were induced by epidural application of 3 mol/L KCl, controls received equimolar NaCl. Cytogenesis was analyzed at different time points thereafter by means of intraperitoneal 5-bromodeoxyuridine injections (day 2, 4, or days 1 to 7) and immunohistochemistry. Recurrent CSD significantly increased numbers of newborn cells in the ipsilateral EC. The majority of these cells expressed glial markers. Microglia proliferation was maximal at day 2, whereas NG2 glia and astrocytes responded for a prolonged period of time (days 2 to 4). Newborn glia remained detectable for 6 weeks after CSD. Whereas we furthermore detected newborn cells immunopositive for doublecortin, a marker for immature neuronal cells, we found no evidence for the generation of new neurons in the EC. Our results indicate that CSD is a potent gliogenic stimulus, leading to rapid and enduring changes in the glial cellular composition of the affected brain tissue. Thus, CSD facilitates ongoing structural remodeling of the directly affected cortex that might contribute to the pathophysiology of CSD-related brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbach
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Judith Brueckner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- 1] Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany [2] Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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11
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Baptista S, Lasgi C, Benstaali C, Milhazes N, Borges F, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Agasse F, Silva AP. Methamphetamine decreases dentate gyrus stem cell self-renewal and shifts the differentiation towards neuronal fate. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:329-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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12
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Nogueira AB, Sogayar MC, Colquhoun A, Siqueira SA, Nogueira AB, Marchiori PE, Teixeira MJ. Existence of a potential neurogenic system in the adult human brain. J Transl Med 2014; 12:75. [PMID: 24655332 PMCID: PMC3998109 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prevailingly, adult mammalian neurogenesis is thought to occur in discrete, separate locations known as neurogenic niches that are best characterized in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and in the subventricular zone (SVZ). The existence of adult human neurogenic niches is controversial. Methods The existence of neurogenic niches was investigated with neurogenesis marker immunostaining in histologically normal human brains obtained from autopsies. Twenty-eight adult temporal lobes, specimens from limbic structures and the hypothalamus of one newborn and one adult were examined. Results The neural stem cell marker nestin stained circumventricular organ cells and the immature neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX) stained hypothalamic and limbic structures adjacent to circumventricular organs; both markers stained a continuous structure running from the hypothalamus to the hippocampus. The cell proliferation marker Ki-67 was detected predominately in structures that form the septo-hypothalamic continuum. Nestin-expressing cells were located in the fimbria-fornix at the insertion of the choroid plexus; ependymal cells in this structure expressed the putative neural stem cell marker CD133. From the choroidal fissure in the temporal lobe, a nestin-positive cell layer spread throughout the SVZ and subpial zone. In the subpial zone, a branch of this layer reached the hippocampal sulcus and ended in the SGZ (principally in the newborn) and in the subiculum (principally in the adults). Another branch of the nestin-positive cell layer in the subpial zone returned to the optic chiasm. DCX staining was detected in the periventricular and middle hypothalamus and more densely from the mammillary body to the subiculum through the fimbria-fornix, thus running through the principal neuronal pathway from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus. The column of the fornix forms part of this pathway and appears to coincide with the zone previously identified as the human rostral migratory stream. Partial co-labeling with DCX and the neuronal marker βIII-tubulin was also observed. Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest the existence of an adult human neurogenic system that rises from the circumventricular organs and follows, at minimum, the circuitry of the hypothalamus and limbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Barreto Nogueira
- Division of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr, Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus during antigen-induced arthritis in adult rat--a crucial role of immunization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89258. [PMID: 24586636 PMCID: PMC3931708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the mammalian hippocampal dentate gyrus contributes significantly to brain neuroplasticity. There is evidence that inflammation of the central nervous system inhibits neurogenesis but peripheral inflammation such as antigen-induced arthritis may rather enhance neurogenesis. Manifest arthritis is associated with symptoms such as pain and altered locomotion indicating that peripheral inflammation is associated with changes of both the immune system and the nervous system. This raises the intriguing question whether immune or neuronal factors or both actually drive changes of neurogenesis. Here we explored hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat during chronic antigen-induced arthritis in the knee joint. We analyzed neurogenesis in control rats, and in rats which were immunized for the antigen producing arthritis but which did not show arthritis and neurological symptoms, and in rats in which antigen injection into the knee produced manifest local inflammation and symptoms such as pain at the inflamed knee and altered locomotor behavior. Neurogenesis was assessed by quantifying bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells in sections of the complete hippocampal dentate gyrus. Compared to control animals, rats with antigen-induced arthritis presenting manifest local inflammation, hyperalgesia at the inflamed knee and significantly altered locomotion exhibited a significant increase of bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells. However, a similar increase in the number of such cells was found in rats which were only immunized against the antigen, but in which no local inflammatory response was induced and which thereby neither showed hyperalgesia nor alterations of locomotion. Thus we conclude that in peripheral immune-mediated arthritis the activation of the immune system in the process of immunization is the causal factor driving enhanced neurogenesis, and neither the local enhancement of inflammation nor the activation of the nervous system leading to neurological symptoms such as pain and altered locomotion. It seems noteworthy to further explore the clinical importance of this neuroimmune interaction.
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Saaltink DJ, Vreugdenhil E. Stress, glucocorticoid receptors, and adult neurogenesis: a balance between excitation and inhibition? Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2499-515. [PMID: 24522255 PMCID: PMC4055840 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons in the mature brain, has attracted considerable attention in the last decade. One of the earliest identified and most profound factors that affect adult neurogenesis both positively and negatively is stress. Here, we review the complex interplay between stress and adult neurogenesis. In particular, we review the role of the glucocorticoid receptor, the main mediator of the stress response in the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and functional integration of newborn neurons in the hippocampus. We review a multitude of mechanisms regulating glucocorticoid receptor activity in relationship to adult neurogenesis. We postulate a novel concept in which the level of glucocorticoid receptor expression directly regulates the excitation-inhibition balance, which is key for proper neurogenesis. We furthermore argue that an excitation-inhibition dis-balance may underlie aberrant functional integration of newborn neurons that is associated with psychiatric and paroxysmal brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk-Jan Saaltink
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden University Medical Center/Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Nochi R, Kaneko J, Okada N, Terazono Y, Matani A, Hisatsune T. Diazepam treatment blocks the elevation of hippocampal activity and the accelerated proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1429-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rokuya Nochi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Jun Kaneko
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Natsumi Okada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Yasushi Terazono
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Ayumu Matani
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
- Bioimaging Center; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
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Kazanis I. Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain: how much do we need, how much do we have? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2013; 15:3-29. [PMID: 22976273 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2012_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades cytogenic processes (both neurogenic and gliogenic) driven by neural stem cells surviving within the adult mammalian brain have been extensively investigated. It is now well established that within at least two cytogenic niches, the subependymal zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus, new neurons are born everyday with a fraction of them being finally incorporated into established neuronal networks in the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus, respectively. But how significant is adult neurogenesis in the context of the mature brain and what are the possibilities that these niches can contribute significantly in tissue repair after degenerative insults, or in the restoration of normal hippocampal function in the context of mental and cognitive disorders? Here, we summarise the available data on the normal behaviour of adult neural stem cells in the young and the aged brain and on their response to degeneration. Focus will be given, whenever possible, to numbers: how many stem cells survive in the adult brain, how many cells they can generate and at what ratios do they produce neurons and glia?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Kazanis
- MRC Cambridge Centre for Stem cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK,
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Antidepressant-like effects of shuyusan in rats exposed to chronic stress: effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:940846. [PMID: 23008744 PMCID: PMC3449151 DOI: 10.1155/2012/940846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate antidepressant activities of Shuyusan (a Chinese herb), using a rats model of depression induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). The administration groups were treated with Shuyusan decoction for 3 weeks and compared with fluoxetine treatment. In order to understand the potential antidepressant-like activities of Shuyusan, tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were used as behavioral despair study. The level of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) and hippocampus glucocorticoid receptor expression were examined. After modeling, there was a significant prolongation of immobility time in administration groups with the TST and FST. High-dose Shuyusan could reduce the immobility time measured with the TST and FST. The immobility time in high-dose herbs group and fluoxetine group was increased significantly compared with the model group. After 3 weeks herbs fed, the serum contents level of CRH, ACTH, and CORT in high-dose herb group was significantly decreased compared to the model group. The result indicated that Shuyusan had antidepressant activity effects on UCMS model rats. The potential antidepressant effect may be related to decreasing glucocorticoid levels activity, regulating the function of HPA axis, and inhibiting glucocorticoid receptor expression in hippocampus.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last 8 years, emerging studies bridging the gap between nutrition and mental health have resolutely established that learning and memory abilities as well as mood can be influenced by diet. However, the mechanisms by which diet modulates mental health are still not well understood. Sources of data In this article, a review of the literature was conducted using PubMed to identify studies that provide functional implications of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and its modulation by diet. AREAS OF AGREEMENT One of the brain structures associated with learning and memory as well as mood is the hippocampus. Importantly, the hippocampus is one of the two structures in the adult brain where the formation of newborn neurons, or neurogenesis, persists. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The exact roles of these newborn neurons in learning, memory formation and mood regulation remain elusive. GROWING POINTS Nevertheless, there has been accumulating evidence linking cognition and mood to neurogenesis occurring in the adult hippocampus. Therefore, modulation of AHN by diet emerges as a possible mechanism by which nutrition impacts on mental health. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH This area of investigation is new and needs attention because a better understanding of the neurological mechanisms by which nutrition affect mental health may lead to novel dietary approaches for disease prevention, healthier ageing and discovery of new therapeutic targets for mental illnesses.
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Effects of sensitive to apoptosis gene protein on cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and oxidative stress in the mouse dentate gyrus. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:495-502. [PMID: 22037841 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive to apoptosis gene (SAG) protein is a redox-inducible protein that protects cells against apoptosis induced by redox agents. In this study, we observed effects of SAG on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) using Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX), respectively. For easy penetration into neurons, Tat-SAG expression vector was constructed by ligation with SAG and expression vector, Tat, in-frame with six histidine open-reading frames to generate the expression vector, and cloned into E. coli DH5α cells. One or 5 mg/kg Tat-SAG fusion protein (Tat-SAG) was intraperitoneally administered to mice once a day for 3 weeks. The administration of Tat-SAG significantly increased the number of 5-bromodeoxyuridine positive cells, Ki67 positive cells and DCX immunoreactive neuroblast in the mouse DG: Especially, in the 5 mg/kg Tat-SAG-treated mice, DCX positive neuroblasts showed a well-developed arborization of tertiary dendrites in the DG. On the other hand, we examined that the administration of Tat-SAG significantly reduced the DNA damage and lipid peroxidation judging from 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxynonenal immunohistochemistry: The decrease was much more distinct in the 5 mg/kg Tat-SAG-treated mice than 1 mg/kg Tat-SAG-treated mice. This result suggests that SAG significantly increases cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and oxidative stress in normal states.
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Kazanis I. Can adult neural stem cells create new brains? Plasticity in the adult mammalian neurogenic niches: realities and expectations in the era of regenerative biology. Neuroscientist 2011; 18:15-27. [PMID: 21536840 DOI: 10.1177/1073858410390379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the first experimental reports showing the persistence of neurogenic activity in the adult mammalian brain, this field of neurosciences has expanded significantly. It is now widely accepted that neural stem and precursor cells survive during adulthood and are able to respond to various endogenous and exogenous cues by altering their proliferation and differentiation activity. Nevertheless, the pathway to therapeutic applications still seems to be long. This review attempts to summarize and revisit the available data regarding the plasticity potential of adult neural stem cells and of their normal microenvironment, the neurogenic niche. Recent data have demonstrated that adult neural stem cells retain a high level of pluripotency and that adult neurogenic systems can switch the balance between neurogenesis and gliogenesis and can generate a range of cell types with an efficiency that was not initially expected. Moreover, adult neural stem and precursor cells seem to be able to self-regulate their interaction with the microenvironment and even to contribute to its synthesis, altogether revealing a high level of plasticity potential. The next important step will be to elucidate the factors that limit this plasticity in vivo, and such a restrictive role for the microenvironment is discussed in more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Kazanis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Li L, Harms KM, Ventura PB, Lagace DC, Eisch AJ, Cunningham LA. Focal cerebral ischemia induces a multilineage cytogenic response from adult subventricular zone that is predominantly gliogenic. Glia 2010; 58:1610-9. [PMID: 20578055 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relative contribution of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) of the subventricular zone (SVZ) to lineages that repopulate the injured striatum following focal ischemia. We utilized a tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP system under control of the nestin promoter, which provides permanent YFP labeling of multipotent nestin(+) SVZ-NSPCs prior to ischemic injury and continued YFP expression in all subsequent progeny following stroke. YFP reporter expression was induced in adult male nestin-CreER(T2):R26R-YFP mice by tamoxifen administration (180 mg kg(-1), daily for 5 days). Fourteen days later, mice were subjected to 60-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and sacrificed at 2 days, 2 weeks, or 6 weeks post-MCAO for phenotypic fate mapping of YFP(+) cells using lineage-specific markers. Migration of YFP(+) cells from SVZ into the injured striatal parenchyma was apparent at 2 and 6 weeks, but not 2 days, post-MCAO. At 2 weeks post-MCAO, the average percent distribution of YFP(+) cells within the injured striatal parenchyma was as follows: 10% Dcx(+) neuroblasts, 15-20% oligodendrocyte progenitors, 59% GFAP(+) astrocytes, and only rare NeuN(+) postmitotic neurons. A similar phenotypic distribution was observed at 6 weeks, except for an increased average percentage of YFP(+) cells that expressed Dcx(+) (20%) or NeuN (5%). YFP(+) cells did not express endothelial markers, but displayed unique anatomical relationships with striatal vasculature. These results indicate that nestin(+) NSPCs within the SVZ mount a multilineage response to stroke that includes a gliogenic component more predominant than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Oliveira-Ferreira AI, Milakara D, Alam M, Jorks D, Major S, Hartings JA, Lückl J, Martus P, Graf R, Dohmen C, Bohner G, Woitzik J, Dreier JP. Experimental and preliminary clinical evidence of an ischemic zone with prolonged negative DC shifts surrounded by a normally perfused tissue belt with persistent electrocorticographic depression. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010; 30:1504-19. [PMID: 20332797 PMCID: PMC2949249 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In human cortex it has been suggested that the tissue at risk is indicated by clusters of spreading depolarizations (SDs) with persistent depression of high-frequency electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity. We here characterized this zone in the ET-1 model in rats using direct current (DC)-ECoG recordings. Topical application of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces focal ischemia in a concentration-dependent manner restricted to a region exposed by a cranial window, while a healthy cortex can be studied at a second naïve window. SDs originate in the ET-1-exposed cortex and invade the surrounding tissue. Necrosis is restricted to the ET-1-exposed cortex. In this study, we discovered that persistent depression occurred in both ET-1-exposed and surrounding cortex during SD clusters. However, the ET-1-exposed cortex showed longer-lasting negative DC shifts and limited high-frequency ECoG recovery after the cluster. DC-ECoG recordings of SD clusters with persistent depression from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were then analyzed for comparison. Limited ECoG recovery was associated with significantly longer-lasting negative DC shifts in a similar manner to the experimental model. These preliminary results suggest that the ischemic zone in rat and human cortex is surrounded by a normally perfused belt with persistently reduced synaptic activity during the acute injury phase.
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Xue JH, Yanamoto H, Nakajo Y, Tohnai N, Nakano Y, Hori T, Iihara K, Miyamoto S. Induced Spreading Depression Evokes Cell Division of Astrocytes in the Subpial Zone, Generating Neural Precursor-Like Cells and New Immature Neurons in the Adult Cerebral Cortex. Stroke 2009; 40:e606-13. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.109.560334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Xue
- From the Lab for Cerebrovascular Disorders (J.-H.X., H.Y., Y. Nakajo, N.T., Y. Nakano, T.H.), Research Institute of National Cardio-Vascular Center (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery (H.Y., K.I., S.M.), NCVC, Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Research Laboratory (Y. Nakano), Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.X.), First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospitals of PLA, Beijing, PR China; Hakuju (T.H.), Institute for Health Science,
| | - Hiroji Yanamoto
- From the Lab for Cerebrovascular Disorders (J.-H.X., H.Y., Y. Nakajo, N.T., Y. Nakano, T.H.), Research Institute of National Cardio-Vascular Center (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery (H.Y., K.I., S.M.), NCVC, Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Research Laboratory (Y. Nakano), Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.X.), First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospitals of PLA, Beijing, PR China; Hakuju (T.H.), Institute for Health Science,
| | - Yukako Nakajo
- From the Lab for Cerebrovascular Disorders (J.-H.X., H.Y., Y. Nakajo, N.T., Y. Nakano, T.H.), Research Institute of National Cardio-Vascular Center (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery (H.Y., K.I., S.M.), NCVC, Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Research Laboratory (Y. Nakano), Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.X.), First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospitals of PLA, Beijing, PR China; Hakuju (T.H.), Institute for Health Science,
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- From the Lab for Cerebrovascular Disorders (J.-H.X., H.Y., Y. Nakajo, N.T., Y. Nakano, T.H.), Research Institute of National Cardio-Vascular Center (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery (H.Y., K.I., S.M.), NCVC, Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Research Laboratory (Y. Nakano), Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.X.), First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospitals of PLA, Beijing, PR China; Hakuju (T.H.), Institute for Health Science,
| | - Yoshikazu Nakano
- From the Lab for Cerebrovascular Disorders (J.-H.X., H.Y., Y. Nakajo, N.T., Y. Nakano, T.H.), Research Institute of National Cardio-Vascular Center (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery (H.Y., K.I., S.M.), NCVC, Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Research Laboratory (Y. Nakano), Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.X.), First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospitals of PLA, Beijing, PR China; Hakuju (T.H.), Institute for Health Science,
| | - Takuya Hori
- From the Lab for Cerebrovascular Disorders (J.-H.X., H.Y., Y. Nakajo, N.T., Y. Nakano, T.H.), Research Institute of National Cardio-Vascular Center (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery (H.Y., K.I., S.M.), NCVC, Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Research Laboratory (Y. Nakano), Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.X.), First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospitals of PLA, Beijing, PR China; Hakuju (T.H.), Institute for Health Science,
| | - Koji Iihara
- From the Lab for Cerebrovascular Disorders (J.-H.X., H.Y., Y. Nakajo, N.T., Y. Nakano, T.H.), Research Institute of National Cardio-Vascular Center (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery (H.Y., K.I., S.M.), NCVC, Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Research Laboratory (Y. Nakano), Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.X.), First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospitals of PLA, Beijing, PR China; Hakuju (T.H.), Institute for Health Science,
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- From the Lab for Cerebrovascular Disorders (J.-H.X., H.Y., Y. Nakajo, N.T., Y. Nakano, T.H.), Research Institute of National Cardio-Vascular Center (NCVC), Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery (H.Y., K.I., S.M.), NCVC, Suita, Osaka, Japan; the Research Laboratory (Y. Nakano), Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.X.), First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospitals of PLA, Beijing, PR China; Hakuju (T.H.), Institute for Health Science,
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Stangl D, Thuret S. Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. GENES AND NUTRITION 2009; 4:271-82. [PMID: 19685256 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-009-0134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Research over the last 5 years has firmly established that learning and memory abilities, as well as mood, can be influenced by diet, although the mechanisms by which diet modulates mental health are not well understood. One of the brain structures associated with learning and memory, as well as mood, is the hippocampus. Interestingly, the hippocampus is one of the two structures in the adult brain where the formation of newborn neurons, or neurogenesis, persists. The level of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus has been linked directly to cognition and mood. Therefore, modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) by diet emerges as a possible mechanism by which nutrition impacts on mental health. In this study, we give an overview of the mechanisms and functional implications of AHN and summarize recent findings regarding the modulation of AHN by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Stangl
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour and MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, The James Black Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
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Hwang IK, Yoo KY, Han TH, Lee CH, Choi JH, Yi SS, Lee SY, Ryu PD, Yoon YS, Won MH. Enhanced cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus following myocardial infarction. Neurosci Lett 2009; 450:275-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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