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Ashraf F, Mustafa MS, Shafique MA, Haseeb A, Mussarat A, Noorani A, Sohail Rangwala B, Kashif Rasool F, Siddiq MA, Iqbal J. Association between depression and stroke risk in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1331300. [PMID: 38725648 PMCID: PMC11079212 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1331300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stroke is a significant global health concern, and numerous studies have established a link between depression and an increased risk of stroke. While many investigations explore this link, some overlook its long-term effects. Depression may elevate stroke risk through physiological pathways involving nervous system changes and inflammation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between depression and stroke. Methodology We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO) from inception to 9 April 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. We included all articles assessing the association between different stroke types and depression, excluding post-stroke depression. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, utilizing a random-effects model for data synthesis. The primary outcome was the association of depression with stroke, with a secondary focus on the association of antidepressants with stroke. Results The initial search yielded 10,091 articles, and 44 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between depression and stroke risk, with an overall hazard ratio of 1.41 (95% CI 1.32, 1.50; p < 0.00001), indicating a moderately positive effect size. Subgroup analyses showed consistent associations with ischemic stroke (HR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.13, 1.50; p = 0.007), fatal stroke (HR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.24, 1.55; p < 0.000001), and hemorrhagic stroke (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.01, 1.76; p = 0.04). The use of antidepressants was associated with an elevated risk of stroke (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.05, 1.55; p = 0.01). Conclusion and relevance This meta-analysis indicates that depression moderately raises the risk of stroke. Given the severe consequences of stroke in individuals with depression, early detection and intervention should be prioritized to prevent it. Systematic review registration Prospero (CRD42023472136).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Mussarat
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Amber Noorani
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Kanumuri M, Khan A, Neshat A, Alapati G, Mulaka GSR, Nisar N, Batool S, Arti F. Comparison of Risk of Stroke in Patients With and Without Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e53057. [PMID: 38410306 PMCID: PMC10896251 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with depression face an elevated stroke risk, marked by an unfavorable prognosis. This meta-analysis aims to determine the impact of depression on stroke risk. The current meta-analysis was conducted using the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We selected studies through a systematic review of electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL from January 2011 to January 2023. Google Scholar was utilized to identify supplementary studies. Furthermore, we scrutinized citation lists of reported articles for additional potential studies. Only English-language articles were included in the review. A total of 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sample size was 744,179. Sample size of the included studies ranged from 560 to 487,377. The pooled estimate of 15 studies showed that the risk of stroke was 1.47 times higher in individuals with depression compared to the individuals without depression, and the difference is statistically significant (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.66, p-value<0.001). Age and hypertension emerged as significant predictors of stroke risk in depressed individuals identified through meta-regression. These findings underscore the importance of targeted preventive strategies for depression-related stroke risk, especially considering age-specific considerations and associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Kanumuri
- Psychiatry, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Areeba Khan
- Critical Care Medicine, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Asfia Neshat
- Internal Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, IRL
| | - Goutham Alapati
- Oncology, St. Martinus University Faculty of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
| | | | - Nimra Nisar
- Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Saima Batool
- Internal Medicine, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Fnu Arti
- Medicine, Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, PAK
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Wu T, Li C, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Hua R, Zhong B, Xie W. The trajectories of depressive symptoms and subsequent incident dementia, coronary heart diseases, stroke and all-cause mortality. J Affect Disord 2022; 312:9-16. [PMID: 35690126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests the occurrence of depressive symptoms in mid- to late-life inflates the risk for ageing-related morbidity compared to people without depressive symptoms. The eventual association between depressive symptoms in mid- to late-life and long-term (over 10-year) risks for incident dementia, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and morbidity is to be established. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study utilized Health and Retirement Study (HRS) of U.S residents aged ≥ 50 years who were interviewed every 2-year during follow-up (average follow-up: 11.6 ± 2.85 years). Trajectories of depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale from 1994 to 2000 at baseline. Incident dementia, CHD, stroke and all-cause mortality were determined from 2000 to 2018. RESULTS Among 7810 individuals who were free from dementia, CHD and stroke, five trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: non-depressed (36.7 %), mild (48.8 %), worsening (7.8 %), improving (4.1 %) and persistent (2.7 %). Compared with those in the non-depressed group, participants with mild, worsening and persistent depressive symptoms had significantly greater hazards of incident dementia (multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals: 1.32 [1.17-1.48], 1.58 [1.30-1.93], 2.82 [2.17-3.67], respectively), CHD (1.13 [1.03-1.24], 1.47 [1.25-1.73], 1.34 [1.03-1.74], respectively), stroke (1.30 [1.12-1.52], 1.58 [1.23-2.04], 1.71 [1.16-2.53], respectively) and all-cause mortality (1.17 [1.07-1.27], 1.46 [1.27-1.68], 1.66 [1.35-2.06], respectively). The hazards of incident events, except for CHD, were not significantly greater in individuals with improving depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest even sub-clinical threshold depressive symptoms were associated with the hazards of ageing related diseases while such associations were not significant with managed depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yidan Zhu
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baoliang Zhong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Cao H, Zhao H, Shen L. Depression increased risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:913888. [PMID: 36110417 PMCID: PMC9468274 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.913888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression, as an independent risk factor, can lead to a substantially increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The overall body of evidence involving depression and CHD is not consistent. Therefore, we performed an update meta-analysis to evaluate the association between depression and the risk of patients with CHD. Methods Studies were identified through a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database from its inception to 28 September 2021 for titles/abstracts with restricted to English language articles. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Along with data extraction, we evaluated the quality of eligible studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The primary outcome was fatal or non-fatal CHD. We calculated relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects models. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO registration (registration number CRD42021271259). Results From 9,151 records, we included 26 prospective cohort studies published from 1998 to 2018, consisting of 402,597 patients. Either in depression-exposured group or non-depression-exposured group, the mean age of all participants ranged from 18 to 99 years. Moreover, the NOS scores of these studies are eventually indicated that the quality of these eligible studies was reliable. In general, the pooled results showed that patients with depression had a higher risk of CHD compared to patients without depression (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14–1.29). Additionally, the funnel plot appeared to be asymmetry, indicating there existing publication bias for the pooled results between depression and CHD. A sensitivity analysis was used to assess the stability of the relationship between depression and CHD that indicating the results robust (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.21). Conclusion Depression may increase risk of CHD. Future studies on the share pathogenic mechanisms of both depression and CHD may develop novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Cao
- Gulou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shen
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Shen,
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Zhou Z, Zhang W, Fang Y. Early-life exposure to Chinese famine and stroke risk in mid- to late life: the mediating roles of cognitive function and depression. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:294. [PMID: 35392831 PMCID: PMC8988351 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has examined the role that famine exposure plays in adulthood stroke risk. We aim to explore the causal implications of early exposure to the Great Chinese Famine on stroke risk and determine whether these associations were mediated by cognitive function, and depression. METHODS We sampled 12,681 individuals aged 45 years and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and divided them into fetally exposed, childhood-exposed, adolescence/adulthood-exposed and unexposed groups. Stroke was defined by self- or proxy-reported physician diagnosis. Based on a counterfactual framework, marginal structural models were used to estimate the natural direct effect and the natural indirect effects through cognitive function and depression for causal inference. RESULTS We found that early-life exposure to Chinese famine was directly related to increased stroke risk in mid- to late life. Cognitive function and depression accounted for a greater part of the effect for childhood famine exposure, mediating 36.35% (95%CI: 14.19, 96.19%) of the overall association between famine exposure and incident stroke, than for the fetal, adolescence/adulthood famine exposure groups. However, the natural indirect effect through depression was not significant in the fetally exposed group. The results were robust in the sensitivity analysis of model specification and unobserved confounding. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the latency, pathway, and accumulation models, supporting the life-course theory. Early stages of life exposed to the Chinese Famine were associated with higher risk of stroke in mid- to late life. Enhanced cognitive and depression interventions may reduce stroke risk in middle-aged and older Chinese adults who exposure to famine in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Affairs and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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Ford CD, Gray MS, Crowther MR, Wadley VG, Austin AL, Crowe MG, Pulley L, Unverzagt F, Kleindorfer DO, Kissela BM, Howard VJ. Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Stroke in a National Cohort of Black and White Participants From REGARDS. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11:e454-e461. [PMID: 34484944 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine depressive symptoms as a risk factor for incident stroke and determine whether depressive symptomatology was differentially predictive of stroke among Black and White participants. Methods The study comprised 9,529 Black and 14,516 White stroke-free participants, aged 45 and older, enrolled in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (2003-2007). Incident stroke was the first occurrence of stroke. Association between baseline depressive symptoms (assessed via the 4-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D-4]: 0, 1-3, or ≥4) and incident stroke was analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics, stroke risk factors, and social factors. Results There were 1,262 strokes over an average follow-up of 9.21 (SD 4.0) years. Compared to participants with no depressive symptoms, after demographic adjustment, participants with CES-D-4 scores of 1-3 had 39% increased stroke risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-1.57), with slight attenuation after full adjustment (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11-1.43). Participants with CES-D-4 scores of ≥4 experienced 54% higher risk of stroke after demographic adjustment (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.27-1.85), with risk attenuated in the full model similar to risk with 1-3 symptoms (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51). There was no evidence of a differential effect by race (p = 0.53). Conclusions The association of depressive symptoms with increased stroke risk was similar among a national sample of Black and White participants. These findings suggest that assessment of depressive symptoms should be considered in primary stroke prevention for both Black and White participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D Ford
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Marquita S Gray
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Martha R Crowther
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Audrey L Austin
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Michael G Crowe
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - LeaVonne Pulley
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Frederick Unverzagt
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Dawn O Kleindorfer
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Brett M Kissela
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Capstone College of Nursing (CDF), the University of Alabama (UA), Tuscaloosa; Department of Biostatistics (MSG), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); Department of Community Medicine and Population Health (MRC), UA, Tuscaloosa; Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care (VGW), Department of Medicine, UAB; Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ALA), AL; Department of Psychology (MGC), College of Arts and Sciences, UAB; Independent Contractor (LP); Department of Psychiatry (FU), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (DOK, BMK), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; and Department of Epidemiology (VJH), School of Public Health, UAB
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Qiao Y, Liu S, Li G, Lu Y, Wu Y, Ding Y, Ke C. Role of depressive symptoms in cardiometabolic diseases and subsequent transitions to all-cause mortality: an application of multistate models in a prospective cohort study. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 6:511-518. [PMID: 33741743 PMCID: PMC8717791 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The role of depression in the development and outcome of cardiometabolic diseases remains to be clarified. We aimed to examine the extent to which depressive symptoms affect the transitions from healthy to diabetes, stroke, heart disease and subsequent all-cause mortality in a middle-aged and elderly European population. Methods A total of 78 212 individuals aged ≥50 years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were included. Participants with any baseline cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes, stroke and heart disease were excluded. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Euro-Depression scale at baseline. Participants were followed up to determine the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality. We used multistate models to estimate the transition-specific HRs and 95% CIs after adjustment of confounders. Results During 500 711 person-years of follow-up, 4742 participants developed diabetes, 2173 had stroke, 5487 developed heart disease and 7182 died. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with transitions from healthy to diabetes (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.20), stroke (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.44), heart disease (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.34) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.49). After cardiometabolic diseases, depressive symptoms were associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.89), patients who had stroke (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.61) and patients with heart disease (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.44). Conclusions Depressive symptoms increase the risk of diabetes, stroke and heart disease, and affect the risk of mortality after the onset of these cardiometabolic conditions. Screening and treatment of depressive symptoms may have profound implications for the prevention and prognosis of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Soochow University Medical College School of Public Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Soochow University Medical College School of Public Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guochen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Soochow University Medical College School of Public Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqiang Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Soochow University Medical College School of Public Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Soochow University Medical College School of Public Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Smaardijk VR, Lodder P, Kop WJ, van Gennep B, Maas AHEM, Mommersteeg PMC. Sex- and Gender-Stratified Risks of Psychological Factors for Incident Ischemic Heart Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010859. [PMID: 31030598 PMCID: PMC6512085 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Psychological factors are associated with an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD). Women more often report psychological factors, and sex and gender differences are present in IHD. In this meta‐analysis we examine the risks of psychological factors for IHD incidence in women and men. We hypothesize that a broad range of psychological factors are related to a higher risk for incident IHD, with a higher risk for women. Methods and Results PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for studies assessing the risk between psychological factors and incident IHD. Psychological factors included depression, anxiety or panic disorder, social support, hostility, anger, personality (type D), type A behavior pattern, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress. In the primary analyses, 62 studies (77 separate reports) that included 2 145 679 women and 3 119 879 men and reported confounder‐adjusted hazard ratios or relative risks were included. Pooled effect confounder‐adjusted estimates from random‐effects models showed that psychological factors (all combined) were associated with incident IHD in women (hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14–1.30) and men (hazard ratio: 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19–1.31). No sex and gender differences were found for these pooled effect estimates (P=0.547). Conclusions Psychological factors are associated with incident IHD in both women and men, but no significant differences were observed between women and men. IHD is predominantly being studied as obstructive coronary artery disease, which is more prevalent in men. Data are needed on psychological predictors and other manifestations of IHD such as coronary microvascular disease, which is more common in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle R Smaardijk
- 1 Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Paul Lodder
- 1 Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands.,2 Department of Methodology and Statistics Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Willem J Kop
- 1 Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Bente van Gennep
- 1 Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Angela H E M Maas
- 3 Department of Cardiology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paula M C Mommersteeg
- 1 Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
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9
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Graber M, Baptiste L, Mohr S, Blanc-Labarre C, Dupont G, Giroud M, Béjot Y. A review of psychosocial factors and stroke: A new public health problem. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:686-692. [PMID: 31130312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of psychosocial factors (PSF) in increased risk of stroke is a novel public health challenge, but unclear definitions for PSF and the multiple stroke subtypes have led to inconsistent reports. A review of this issue is therefore warranted. METHODS Several databases were used for this narrative systematic review (Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library). Two independent reviewers evaluated articles from between 2001 and 2018 on the themes of PSF and stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA). PSF criteria were job strain, psychological interpersonal and behavioral stress, and social deprivation. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and TIA subtypes were also identified. RESULTS Forty-five cohorts, five case-control studies and two meta-analyses were included. Despite mixed results, PSF were associated with an increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in populations of all ages, and more predominantly in women. CONCLUSION This broad review shows that the presence of PSF is associated with an increased risk stroke and TIA. As such, PSF must figure in both public health policy and stroke prevention programs, similar to other established metabolic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graber
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - L Baptiste
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - S Mohr
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - C Blanc-Labarre
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - G Dupont
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - M Giroud
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.
| | - Y Béjot
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
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10
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Villa RF, Ferrari F, Moretti A. Post-stroke depression: Mechanisms and pharmacological treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 184:131-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Zhao H, Du H, Liu M, Gao S, Li N, Chao Y, Li R, Chen W, Lou Z, Dong X. Integrative Proteomics-Metabolomics Strategy for Pathological Mechanism of Vascular Depression Mouse Model. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:656-669. [PMID: 29190102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular depression (VD), a subtype of depression, is caused by vascular diseases or cerebrovascular risk factors. Recently, the proportion of VD patients has increased significantly, which severely affects their quality of life. However, the current pathogenesis of VD has not yet been fully understood, and the basic research is not adequate. In this study, on the basis of the combination of LC-MS-based proteomics and metabolomics, we aimed to establish a protein metabolism regulatory network in a murine VD model to elucidate a more comprehensive impact of VD on organisms. We detected 44 metabolites and 304 proteins with different levels in the hippocampus samples from VD mice using a combination of metabolomic and proteomics analyses with an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) method. We constructed a protein-to-metabolic regulatory network by correlating and integrating the differential metabolites and proteins using ingenuity pathway analysis. Then we quantitatively validated the levels of the bimolecules shown in the bioinformatics analysis using LC-MS/MS and Western blotting. Validation results suggested changes in the regulation of neuroplasticity, transport of neurotransmitters, neuronal cell proliferation and apoptosis, and disorders of amino acids, lipids and energy metabolism. These proteins and metabolites involved in these dis-regulated pathways will provide a more targeted and credible direction to study the mechanism of VD. Therefore, this paper presents an approach and strategy that was applied in integrative proteomics and metabolomics for research and screening potential targets and biomarkers of VD, which could be more precise and credible in a field lacking adequate basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongli Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Liu
- Pharmacy Department of Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Songyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yufan Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
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Zuflacht JP, Shao Y, Kronish IM, Edmondson D, Elkind MSV, Kamel H, Boehme AK, Willey JZ. Psychiatric Hospitalization Increases Short-Term Risk of Stroke. Stroke 2017; 48:1795-1801. [PMID: 28536168 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.016371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent evidence suggests that psychological distress, including the symptoms of psychiatric illness, may acutely increase the risk of stroke. However, existing studies are limited by small sample sizes, inherent recall bias, and poorly defined criteria for what constitutes psychological distress. METHODS We analyzed administrative data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for the state of California from 2007 to 2009 using a case-crossover design. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for combined hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke risk occurring within 15, 30, 90, 180, and 365 days of a hospitalization for a psychiatric diagnosis (as defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code) among adults. RESULTS Psychiatric hospitalizations within 1 year before stroke were found in 2585 (5.3%) of 48 558 stroke patients. Hospitalization for a psychiatric condition was associated with increased risk of stroke within all 5 time periods, with the highest odds of stroke occurring within 15 days (0-15 days: OR, 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-4.8; 0-30 days: OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.4-3.8; 0-90 days: OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0-2.7; 0-180 days: OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 2.0-2.5; and 0-365 days: OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.4-2.8). CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric hospitalization increases the short-term risk of stroke, particularly within the 15-day period after hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah P Zuflacht
- From the College of Physicians and Surgeons (J.P.Z.), Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health (I.M.K., D.E.), Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E., A.K.B., J.Z.W.), and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (M.S.V.E., A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Y.S.); and Department of Neurology, Cornell University, New York, NY (H.K.).
| | - Yuefan Shao
- From the College of Physicians and Surgeons (J.P.Z.), Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health (I.M.K., D.E.), Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E., A.K.B., J.Z.W.), and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (M.S.V.E., A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Y.S.); and Department of Neurology, Cornell University, New York, NY (H.K.)
| | - Ian M Kronish
- From the College of Physicians and Surgeons (J.P.Z.), Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health (I.M.K., D.E.), Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E., A.K.B., J.Z.W.), and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (M.S.V.E., A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Y.S.); and Department of Neurology, Cornell University, New York, NY (H.K.)
| | - Donald Edmondson
- From the College of Physicians and Surgeons (J.P.Z.), Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health (I.M.K., D.E.), Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E., A.K.B., J.Z.W.), and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (M.S.V.E., A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Y.S.); and Department of Neurology, Cornell University, New York, NY (H.K.)
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- From the College of Physicians and Surgeons (J.P.Z.), Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health (I.M.K., D.E.), Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E., A.K.B., J.Z.W.), and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (M.S.V.E., A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Y.S.); and Department of Neurology, Cornell University, New York, NY (H.K.)
| | - Hooman Kamel
- From the College of Physicians and Surgeons (J.P.Z.), Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health (I.M.K., D.E.), Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E., A.K.B., J.Z.W.), and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (M.S.V.E., A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Y.S.); and Department of Neurology, Cornell University, New York, NY (H.K.)
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- From the College of Physicians and Surgeons (J.P.Z.), Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health (I.M.K., D.E.), Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E., A.K.B., J.Z.W.), and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (M.S.V.E., A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Y.S.); and Department of Neurology, Cornell University, New York, NY (H.K.)
| | - Joshua Z Willey
- From the College of Physicians and Surgeons (J.P.Z.), Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health (I.M.K., D.E.), Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E., A.K.B., J.Z.W.), and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (M.S.V.E., A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Y.S.); and Department of Neurology, Cornell University, New York, NY (H.K.)
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13
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Zhao K, Tian JF, Zhao C, Yuan F, Gao ZY, Li LZ, Liu HX, Wang X, Ge CJ, Lu SZ. Effectiveness of Integrative Medicine Therapy on Coronary Artery Disease Prognosis: A Real-World Study. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 25:9-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Jennum P, Baandrup L, Iversen HK, Ibsen R, Kjellberg J. Mortality and use of psychotropic medication in patients with stroke: a population-wide, register-based study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010662. [PMID: 26956165 PMCID: PMC4785303 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study sought to describe whether psychotropic medication may have long-term side effects in patients with stroke compared with controls. SETTING Use of national register data from healthcare services were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry in Denmark. Information about psychotropic medication use was obtained from the Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate all-cause mortality in relation to the use of benzodiazepines, antidepressants and antipsychotics in patients with stroke and matched controls. PARTICIPANTS Patients with a diagnosis of stroke and either no drug use or preindex use of psychotropic medication (n=49,968) and compared with control subjects (n=86,100) matched on age, gender, marital status and community location. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE All-cause mortality. RESULTS All-cause mortality was higher in patients with previous stroke compared with control subjects. Mortality HRs were increased for participants prescribed serotonergic antidepressant drugs (HR=1.699 (SD=0.030), p=0.001 in patients; HR=1.908 (0.022), p<0.001 in controls, respectively), tricyclic antidepressants (HR=1.365 (0.045), p<0.001; HR=1.733 (0.022), p<0.001), benzodiazepines (HR=1.643 (0.040), p<0.001; HR=1.776 (0.053), p<0.001), benzodiazepine-like drugs (HR=1.776 (0.021), p<0.001; HR=1.547 (0.025), p<0.001), first-generation antipsychotics (HR=2.001 (0.076), p<0.001; HR=3.361 (0.159), p<0.001) and second-generation antipsychotics (HR=1.645 (0.070), p<0.001; HR=2.555 (0.086), p<0.001), compared with no drug use. Interaction analysis suggested statistically significantly higher mortality HRs for most classes of psychotropic drugs in controls compared with patients with stroke. CONCLUSIONS All-cause mortality was higher in patients with stroke and controls treated with benzodiazepines, antidepressants and antipsychotics than in their untreated counterparts. Our findings suggest that care should be taken in the use and prescription of such drugs, and that they should be used in conjunction with adequate clinical controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Jennum
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Neurophysiology Clinic, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Baandrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helle K Iversen
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Kjellberg
- Danish National Institute for Local and Regional Government Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Oh SW, Kim J, Myung SK, Hwang SS, Yoon DH. Antidepressant use and risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of observational studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 78:727-37. [PMID: 24646010 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our goal was to evaluate the association between antidepressant use and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among subjects with no history of coronary heart disease. METHODS A search of Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library was performed in January 2013. Two authors independently reviewed and selected eligible observational studies, based on predetermined selection criteria. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models. RESULTS Sixteen observational studies (seven case-control studies and nine cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. There was no association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and the risk of CHD overall [odds ratio (OR), 0.93; 95% CI, 0.65-1.33] or in subgroup meta-analysis of case-control studies (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.60-1.37) and cohort studies (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.59-1.55). The use of tricyclic antidepressant was associated with an increased risk of CHD overall (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.07-2.12), but it was observed only in case-control studies (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.24-1.96) and low-quality studies (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.20-1.85) in the subgroup meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of observational studies in subjects with no history of CHD suggests that neither selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor nor tricyclic antidepressant use is associated with an increased risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Repulbic of Korea
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In vivo β-adrenergic receptor responsiveness: ethnic differences in the relationship with symptoms of depression and fatigue. Int J Behav Med 2015; 21:843-50. [PMID: 24114717 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms and fatigue frequently overlap in clinical samples and the general population. The link of depressive symptoms and fatigue with increased risk of cardiovascular disease has been partly explained by shared biological mechanisms including sympathetic overactivity. Prolonged sympathetic overactivity downregulates the responsiveness of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR), a receptor that mediates several end-organ sympathetic responses. PURPOSE The authors studied whether depression and fatigue are related to reduced β-AR responsiveness within the human body (in vivo) in an ethnically diverse sample of African and Caucasian Americans. METHODS The chronotropic25 dose (CD25) was used to determine in vivo β-AR responsiveness in 93 healthy participants. Psychometric measures included the Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, and ethnicity) revealed that mental fatigue was significantly related to reduced β-AR responsiveness (i.e., higher CD25 values) in the whole sample. Moderation analyses indicated significant ethnicity × depression/fatigue interactions. Depressive symptoms, total fatigue, emotional fatigue, mental fatigue, and physical fatigue were related to reduced β-AR responsiveness in Caucasian American but not in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that symptoms of depression and fatigue are related to decreased in vivo β-AR responsiveness in Caucasian Americans. The lack of this association in African Americans highlights the importance for considering ethnicity as a potential moderator in research focusing on associations between psychological variables and cardiovascular function.
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17
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Impact of depression on incident stroke: A meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 180:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Depression as a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome: a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 291:1213-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Barlinn K, Kepplinger J, Puetz V, Illigens BM, Bodechtel U, Siepmann T. Exploring the risk-factor association between depression and incident stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1-14. [PMID: 25565846 PMCID: PMC4274141 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s63904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that depression increases the risk of incident stroke. However, few studies have considered possible residual confounding effects by preexistent cerebrovascular and cardiac diseases. Therefore, we synthesized data from cohort studies to explore whether depressed individuals free of cerebrovascular and cardiac diseases are at higher risk of incident stroke. We searched the electronic databases PubMed and Medline for eligible cohort studies that examined the prospective association between depression and first-ever stroke. A random-effects model was used for quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity analyses comprised cohort studies that considered a lag period with exclusion of incident strokes in the first years of follow-up to minimize residual confounding by preexistent silent strokes and excluded cardiac disease at baseline. Overall, we identified 28 cohort studies with 681,139 participants and 13,436 (1.97%) incident stroke cases. The pooled risk estimate revealed an increased risk of incident stroke for depression (relative risk 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-1.53; P<0.0001). When we excluded incident strokes that occurred in the first years of follow-up, the prospective association between depression and incident stroke remained significant (relative risk 1.64, 95% CI 1.27-2.11; P<0.0001). This positive association also remained after we considered only studies with individuals with cardiac disease at baseline excluded (relative risk 1.43, 95% CI 1.19-1.72; P<0.0001). The prospective association of depression and increased risk of first-ever stroke demonstrated in this meta-analysis appears to be driven neither by preexistence of clinically apparent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases nor by silent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Barlinn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Kepplinger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Puetz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben M Illigens
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulf Bodechtel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Gan Y, Gong Y, Tong X, Sun H, Cong Y, Dong X, Wang Y, Xu X, Yin X, Deng J, Li L, Cao S, Lu Z. Depression and the risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:371. [PMID: 25540022 PMCID: PMC4336481 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses demonstrated the association between depression and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the previous reviews had some limitations. Moreover, a number of additional studies have been published since the publication of these reviews. We conducted an updated meta-analysis of prospective studies to assess the association between depression and the risk of CHD. METHODS Relevant prospective studies investigating the association between depression and CHD were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science search (up to April 2014) and from reviewing reference lists of obtained articles. Either a random-effects model or fixed-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimates when appropriate. RESULTS Thirty prospective cohort studies with 40 independent reports met the inclusion criteria. These groups included 893,850 participants (59,062 CHD cases) during a follow-up duration ranging from 2 to 37 years. The pooled relative risks (RRs) were 1.30 (95% CI, 1.22-1.40) for CHD and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.18-1.44) for myocardial infarction (MI). In the subgroup analysis by follow-up duration, the RR of CHD was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.24-1.49) for less than 15 years follow-up, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.96-1.23) for equal to or more than 15 years follow-up. Potential publication bias may exist, but correction for this bias using trim-and-fill method did not alter the combined risk estimate substantially. CONCLUSIONS The results of our meta-analysis suggest that depression is independently associated with a significantly increased risk of CHD and MI, which may have implications for CHD etiological research and psychological medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Yanhong Gong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Xinyue Tong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Huilian Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Yingjie Cong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Dong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Bao'an Chronic Disease Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xing Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Yin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Jian Deng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Liqing Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
- Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi science and technology normal university, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shiyi Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubie, 430030, China.
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Cserép Z, Losoncz E, Tóth R, Tóth A, Juhász B, Balog P, Vargha P, Gál J, Contrada RJ, Falger PRJ, Székely A. Self-rated health is associated with the length of stay at the intensive care unit and hospital following cardiac surgery. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:171. [PMID: 25432074 PMCID: PMC4258288 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, a considerable amount of evidence suggested that anxiety, depression and other psychosocial variables might influence the outcomes of cardiac surgery. This study investigated the relationship between length of stay at the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital after surgery and different psychosocial variables (e.g. depression, anxiety, self rated health, happiness, satisfaction). Methods We enrolled prospective patients who were waiting for elective cardiac surgery (N = 267) and consented to take part in the study. We collected data of sociodemographic, medical and perioperative factors as well as psychosocial questionnaires completed 1.56 days (standard deviation [SD] = 0.7) before surgery. The primary clinical endpoint was an ICU stay of at least 3 days and the secondary was hospital stay of at least 10 days. Results Two hundred sixty-seven patients participated in this study. Four patients (1.5%) died in the hospital and 38 patients (14.5%) spent more than 3 days in the ICU and 62 patients (23.2%) spent more than 10 days in the hospital. After controlling for medical and sociodemographic factors, lower self rated health (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-0.95; p = 0.03), lower rate of happiness (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.97, p = 0.03), postoperative cardiac failure (AOR: 7.09, 95% CI:1.21-41.54; p = 0.03) and postoperative complications (AOR: 9.52, 95% CI: 3.76-24.11; p < 0.001) were associated with longer ICU stay. More than 10 days of hospital stay was associated with higher occurrence of COPD (AOR 4.56, CI: 1.95-10.67, p < 0.001), NYHA stage (AOR 6.76, CI: 2.57-17.79, p < 0.001), operation time (AOR 1.45, CI: 1.19-1.76, p < 0.001), female gender (AOR 2.16, CI: 1.06-4.40, p = 0.034) and lower self-rated health (AOR 0.63, CI: 0.41-0.99, p = 0.044). Conclusions Lower happiness and self-rated health may influence the outcome of cardiac surgery. Therefore, these variables should be assessed in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Székely
- The Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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22
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Zotto ED, Costa P, Morotti A, Poli L, Giuli VD, Giossi A, Volonghi I, Callea A, Padovani A, Pezzini A. Stroke and depression: A bidirectional link. World J Meta-Anal 2014; 2:49-63. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v2.i3.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have assessed the influence of depression on the risk of cardiovascular disease. A growing literature indicates a link between depression and cerebrovascular events, although the direction of this association remains unclear. Numerous data have emerged suggesting an association between depressive symptoms and subsequent risk of stroke, thus leading to the hypothesis that a direct causality between depression and stroke exists. Notwithstanding, how depression may act as a risk factor for stroke is still unclear. Depression might be linked to stroke via neuroendocrine and inflammation effects, through correlation with major comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes or by intervention of lifestyle behavioral mediators. Finally, antidepressant medications have recently drawn attention for a possible association with increased risk of stroke, although such findings remain uncertain. Depression has been also established as an important consequence after stroke, exerting a significant adverse impact on the course of motor recovery, social functioning and, overall, on quality of life. Post stroke depression occurs in nearly one third of stroke cases, but the exact mechanism leading to depression after stroke is still incompletely understood. In this article, we will review contemporary epidemiologic studies, discuss potential mechanisms and specific aspects of the complex relation between depression and stroke.
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Kahl KG, Hueper K, Schweiger U, Gutberlet M, Detlef AM, Weiss C, von Bohlen A, Pul R, Lichtinghagen R, Wacker F, Hartung D. Pericardial, intra-abdominal, and subcutaneous adipose tissue in patients with major depressive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:137-43. [PMID: 24433292 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk for developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Recently, pericardial adipose tissue, a metabolically active visceral fat depot surrounding the heart, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. Therefore, we investigated pericardial adipose tissue volumes in patients with MDD and compared them to healthy comparison subjects. METHOD In this case-control study at a university medical center, 50 male and female in-patients with MDD and 25 healthy men and women were examined. The main outcome measures were the volumes of pericardial adipose tissue, intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IaAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT) which were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The pericardial adipose tissue volumes were greater in men and women with MDD compared with the healthy comparison group following adjustments for the effects of age, weight, height, and physical activity. CONCLUSION This study expands our knowledge about the alterations in body composition that occur in patients with MDD. The findings are highly relevant for understanding the comorbidity between heart disease and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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Kronenberg G, Gertz K, Heinz A, Endres M. Of mice and men: modelling post-stroke depression experimentally. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4673-89. [PMID: 24838087 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At least one-third of stroke survivors suffer from depression. The development of comorbid depression after stroke is clinically highly significant because post-stroke depression is associated with increased mortality, slows recovery and leads to worse functional outcomes. Here, we review the evidence that post-stroke depression can be effectively modelled in experimental rodents via a variety of approaches. This opens an exciting new window onto the neurobiology of depression and permits probing potential underlying mechanisms such as disturbed cellular plasticity, neuroendocrine dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in a novel context. From the point of view of translational stroke research, extending the scope of experimental investigations beyond the study of short-term end points and, in particular, acute lesion size, may help improve the relevance of preclinical results to human disease. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from both clinical and experimental studies offers the tantalizing prospect of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic antidepressants as the first pharmacological therapy for stroke that would be available during the subacute and chronic phases of recovery. Interdisciplinary neuropsychiatric research will be called on to dissect the mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of antidepressants on stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kronenberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Devantier TA, Nørgaard BL, Øvrehus KA, Marwan M, Poulsen MK, Achenbach S, Dey D, Videbech P. Coronary plaque volume and composition assessed by computed tomography angiography in patients with late-onset major depression. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 55:243-51. [PMID: 24360626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a stronger predictor for the onset of or death from clinical coronary artery disease than traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The association between depression and coronary artery disease has previously been investigated in non-contrast enhanced computed tomography studies with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the depression-coronary artery disease relation by use of coronary computed tomography angiography. METHODS The calcified and noncalcified coronary plaque volumes were determined by semiautomatic volumetric quantification in 28 patients with late-onset major depression and 27 controls. The calcified plaque proportion, i.e., the calcified plaque volume divided by the total plaque volume, was used to assess the plaque composition. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the total (p = 0.48), calcified (p = 0.15), and noncalcified (p = 0.62) plaque volume between patients and controls, and the total plaque volume did not predict depression, odds ratio = 1.001 [95% confidence interval: 0.999-1.003; p = 0.23]. However, the calcified plaque proportion was twice as high in patients compared with controls (14% vs. 7%, p = 0.044). Correspondingly, having depression was associated with an increased calcified plaque proportion of 11.3 [95% confidence interval: 2.63-20.1; p = 0.012] percentage points after adjustment for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION The proportion of the total coronary plaque volume that was calcified was significantly higher in patients with late-onset major depression than in controls, indicating a difference in plaque composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Marwan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damini Dey
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Poul Videbech
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
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Cerebral ischemia-induced difference in sensitivity to depression and potential therapeutics in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2013; 24:222-8. [PMID: 23591125 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283618afe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The 'vascular depression' hypothesis has recently attracted significant research attention, although the causal relationship between vascular-related injuries and depression has not been established. Here, we show that one episode of cerebral ischemia was sufficient to greatly increase the sensitivity of rats to potentially depressogenic events, evaluated at below-threshold intensities in the open space swim test. The induced 'ischemic depression' was lasting and sensitive to an acute administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor or bryostatin-1, a relatively selective activator of protein kinase Cε, during the induction phase. Chronic treatment with bryostatin-1 (5 weeks) after the induction of depressive behavior reversed the depressive immobility and produced a lasting therapeutic effect, which remained effective 3 weeks after discontinuation of the treatment. Similar treatment with alaproclate, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in contrast, produced temporary relief from the depressive symptoms, with the therapeutic effect disappearing soon after the end of the treatment. The results strongly suggest that cerebral ischemia has a direct role in shaping the sensitivity of an individual to depressogenic events and that bryostatin-1-like agents may be developed as therapeutics for treating ischemic depression in humans.
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Gustad LT, Laugsand LE, Janszky I, Dalen H, Bjerkeset O. Symptoms of anxiety and depression and risk of acute myocardial infarction: the HUNT 2 study. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:1394-403. [PMID: 24057077 PMCID: PMC4043317 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The nature of the association of depression and anxiety with risk for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. We aimed to study the prospective association of single and recurrent self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression with a risk of AMI in a large Norwegian population based cohort. Methods and results In the second wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2, 1995–97) baseline data on anxiety and depression symptoms, sociodemographic variables, health status including cardiovascular risk factors and common chronic disorders were registered for 57 953 adult men and women free of cardiovascular disease. The cohort was followed up during a mean (SD) 11.4 (2.9) years for a first AMI from baseline through 2008. A total of 2111 incident AMIs occurred, either identified at hospitals or by the National Cause of Death Registry. The multi-adjusted hazard ratios were 1.31 (95% CI 1.03–1.66) for symptoms of depression and 1.25 (CI 0.99–1.57) for anxiety. Two episodes of mixed symptoms of anxiety and depression (MSAD), reported 10 years apart, increased the risk for AMI by 52% (11–108%). After exclusion of the first 5 years of follow-up, the association of depression symptoms with AMI risk was attenuated. Relative risk for AMI with anxiety symptoms and MSAD weakened when participants with chronic disorders were excluded. Conclusion Self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, especially if recurrent, were moderately associated with the risk of incident AMI. We had some indications that these associations might partly reflect reverse causation or confounding from common chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Tuset Gustad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Kirkegata 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Erik Laugsand
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway Department of Internal Medicine, St Olavs hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Imre Janszky
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Kirkegata 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway MI Lab and Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway Department of Research and Development, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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Devantier TA, Nørgaard BL, Sand NP, Mols RE, Foldager L, Diederichsen AC, Thomsen KK, Jensen JM, Videbech P. Lack of Correlation Between Depression and Coronary Artery Calcification in a Non-Selected Danish Population. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 54:458-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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O'Neil AE. The role of depression in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Med J Aust 2013; 198:365. [DOI: 10.5694/mja12.11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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