1
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De Los Reyes DA, Karkoutly MY, Zhang Y. Synapse-associated protein 102 - a highly mobile MAGUK predominate in early synaptogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1286134. [PMID: 37928066 PMCID: PMC10620527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1286134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders are primarily characterized by serious structural and functional changes in excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the brain, resulting in many synaptic deficits and aberrant synapse loss. It is a big challenge to reverse these synaptic impairments as a treatment for neurological diseases in the field. Extensive research on glutamate receptors as therapeutic targets has been done but with little success shown in human trials. PSD-95-like MAGUK proteins perform a pivotal role in regulating the trafficking and stability of glutamate receptors that are important to postsynaptic structure and function. MAGUK and MAGUK-modulated synaptic pathways are becoming promising candidates for developing therapeutic targets. As a MAGUK protein, SAP102 is not understood well compared to PSD-95. Here, we review the current research on SAP102 including its synaptic functions and regulation, especially its expression and functions in the early stage of synaptogenesis and the association with neurodevelopmental disorders. This review presents valuable information for future structural and functional studies of SAP102 to reveal its roles in young and mature neurons. It provides clues for developing potential remedies to reverse synaptic impairments and strategies to grow new neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yonghong Zhang
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
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2
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Mao R, Zong N, Hu Y, Chen Y, Xu Y. Neuronal Death Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategy in Ischemic Stroke. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1229-1247. [PMID: 35513682 PMCID: PMC9554175 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke caused by intracranial vascular occlusion has become increasingly prevalent with considerable mortality and disability, which gravely burdens the global economy. Current relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to intravenous alteplase and thrombectomy. Even so, patients still benefit little due to the short therapeutic window and the risk of ischemia/reperfusion injury. It is therefore urgent to figure out the neuronal death mechanisms following ischemic stroke in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. Regarding the pathogenesis, multiple pathological events trigger the activation of cell death pathways. Particular attention should be devoted to excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Thus, in this article, we first review the principal mechanisms underlying neuronal death mediated by these significant events, such as intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death. Then, we further discuss the possibility of interventions targeting these pathological events and summarize the present pharmacological achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ningning Zong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Nanjing Neurology Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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3
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Wu QJ, Sun X, Teves L, Mayor D, Tymianski M. Mice and Rats Exhibit Striking Inter-species Differences in Gene Response to Acute Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2773-2789. [PMID: 34350530 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection in acute stroke has not been successfully translated from animals to humans. Animal research on promising agents continues largely in rats and mice which are commonly available to researchers. However, controversies continue on the most suitable species to model the human situation. Generally, putative agents seem less effective in mice as compared with rats. We hypothesized that this may be due to inter-species differences in stroke response and that this might be manifest at a genetic level. Here we used whole-genome microarrays to examine the differential gene regulation in the ischemic penumbra of mice and rats at 2 and 6 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO; Raw microarray CEL data files are available in the GEO database with an accession number GSE163654). Differentially expressed genes (adj. p ≤ 0.05) were organized by hierarchical clustering, correlation plots, Venn diagrams and pathway analyses in each species and at each time-point. Emphasis was placed on genes already known to be associated with stroke, including validation by RT-PCR. Gene expression patterns in the ischemic penumbra differed strikingly between the species at both 2 h and 6 h. Nearly 90% of significantly regulated genes and most pathways modulated by ischemia differed between mice and rats. These differences were evident globally, among stroke-associated genes, immediate early genes, genes implicated in stress response, inflammation, neuroprotection, ion channels, and signal transduction. The findings of this study may have significant implications for the choice of species for screening putative stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jing Wu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T0S8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiujun Sun
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T0S8, Canada
| | - Lucy Teves
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T0S8, Canada
| | - Diana Mayor
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T0S8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Tymianski
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T0S8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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4
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Pendharkar AV, Smerin D, Gonzalez L, Wang EH, Levy S, Wang S, Ishizaka S, Ito M, Uchino H, Chiang T, Cheng MY, Steinberg GK. Optogenetic Stimulation Reduces Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression After Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:347-356. [PMID: 32661768 PMCID: PMC7925487 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke optogenetic stimulation has been shown to enhance neurovascular coupling and functional recovery. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been implicated as a key regulator of the neurovascular response in acute stroke; however, its role in subacute recovery remains unclear. We investigated the expression of nNOS in stroke mice undergoing optogenetic stimulation of the contralesional lateral cerebellar nucleus (cLCN). We also examined the effects of nNOS inhibition on functional recovery using a pharmacological inhibitor targeting nNOS. Optogenetically stimulated stroke mice demonstrated significant improvement on the horizontal rotating beam task at post-stroke days 10 and 14. nNOS mRNA and protein expression was significantly and selectively decreased in the contralesional primary motor cortex (cM1) of cLCN-stimulated mice. The nNOS expression in cM1 was negatively correlated with improved recovery. nNOS inhibitor (ARL 17477)-treated stroke mice exhibited a significant functional improvement in speed at post-stroke day 10, when compared to stroke mice receiving vehicle (saline) only. Our results show that optogenetic stimulation of cLCN and systemic nNOS inhibition both produce functional benefits after stroke, and suggest that nNOS may play a maladaptive role in post-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun V Pendharkar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Smerin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric H Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shunsuke Ishizaka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haruto Uchino
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Terrance Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Y Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Li J, Zhang L, Xu C, Lin YH, Zhang Y, Wu HY, Chang L, Zhang YD, Luo CX, Li F, Zhu DY. Prolonged Use of NMDAR Antagonist Develops Analgesic Tolerance in Neuropathic Pain via Nitric Oxide Reduction-Induced GABAergic Disinhibition. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1016-1030. [PMID: 32632774 PMCID: PMC7609518 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is usually persistent due to maladaptive neuroplasticity-induced central sensitization and, therefore, necessitates long-term treatment. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated hypersensitivity in the spinal dorsal horn represents key mechanisms of central sensitization. Short-term use of NMDAR antagonists produces antinociceptive efficacy in animal pain models and in clinical practice by reducing central sensitization. However, how prolonged use of NMDAR antagonists affects central sensitization remains unknown. Surprisingly, we find that prolonged blockage of NMDARs does not prevent but aggravate nerve injury-induced central sensitization and produce analgesic tolerance, mainly due to reduced synaptic inhibition. The disinhibition that results from the continuous decrease in the production of nitric oxide from neuronal nitric oxide synthase, downstream signal of NMDARs, leads to the reduction of GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and inhibiting the expression and function of potassium-chloride cotransporter. Together, our findings suggest that chronic blockage of NMDARs develops analgesic tolerance through the neuronal nitric oxide synthase-brain-derived neurotrophic factor-potassium-chloride cotransporter pathway. Thus, preventing the GABAergic disinhibition induced by nitric oxide reduction may be necessary for the long-term maintenance of the analgesic effect of NMDAR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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6
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Hu J, Li C, Hua Y, Liu P, Gao B, Wang Y, Bai Y. Constraint-induced movement therapy improves functional recovery after ischemic stroke and its impacts on synaptic plasticity in sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 2020; 160:8-23. [PMID: 32298779 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has proven to be an effective way to restore functional deficits following stroke in human and animal studies, but its underlying neural plasticity mechanism remains unknown. Accumulating evidence indicates that rehabilitation after stroke is closely associated with synaptic plasticity. We therefore investigated the impact of CIMT on synaptic plasticity in ipsilateral and contralateral brain of rats following stroke. Rats were subjected to 90 minutes of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). CIMT was performed from 7 days after stroke and lasted for two weeks. Modified Neurology Severity Score (mNSS) and the ladder rung walking task tests were conducted at 7,14 and 21 days after stroke. Golgi-Cox staining was used to observe the plasticity changes of dendrites and dendritic spines. The expression of glutamate receptors (GluR1, GluR2 and NR1) were examined by western blot. Our data suggest that the dendrites and dendritic spines are damaged to varying degrees in bilateral sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus after acute stroke. CIMT treatment enhances the plasticity of dendrites and dendritic spines in the ipsilateral and contralateral sensorimotor cortex, increases the expression of synaptic GluR2 in ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex, which may be mechanisms for CIMT to improve functional recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peile Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiyao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Yoo DY, Cho SB, Jung HY, Kim W, Nam SM, Kim JW, Moon SM, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Choi SY, Hwang IK. Differential roles of exogenous protein disulfide isomerase A3 on proliferating cell and neuroblast numbers in the normal and ischemic gerbils. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01534. [PMID: 31957985 PMCID: PMC7066343 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the effects of exogenous protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) on hippocampal neurogenesis in gerbils under control and ischemic damage. METHODS To facilitate the delivery of PDIA3 to the brain, we constructed Tat-PDIA3 protein and administered vehicle (10% glycerol) or Tat-PDIA3 protein once a day for 28 days. On day 24 of vehicle or Tat-PDIA3 treatment, ischemia was transiently induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 5 min. RESULTS Administration of Tat-PDIA3 significantly reduced ischemia-induced spontaneous motor activity, and the number of NeuN-positive nuclei in the Tat-PDIA3-treated ischemic group was significantly increased in the CA1 region compared to that in the vehicle-treated ischemic group. Ki67- and DCX-immunoreactive cells were significantly higher in the Tat-PDIA3-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated control group. In vehicle- and Tat-PDIA3-treated ischemic groups, the number of Ki67- and DCX-immunoreactive cells was significantly higher as compared to those in the vehicle- and Tat-PDIA3-treated control groups, respectively. In the dentate gyrus, the numbers of Ki67-immunoreactive cells were comparable between vehicle- and Tat-PDIA3-treated ischemic groups, while more DCX-immunoreactive cells were observed in the Tat-PDIA3-treated group. Transient forebrain ischemia increased the expression of phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein (pCREB) in the dentate gyrus, but the administration of Tat-PDIA3 robustly increased pCREB-positive nuclei in the normal gerbils, but not in the ischemic gerbils. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression was significantly increased in the Tat-PDIA3-treated group compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. Transient forebrain ischemic increased BDNF mRNA levels in both vehicle- and Tat-PDIA3-treated groups, and there were no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Tat-PDIA3 enhances cell proliferation and neuroblast numbers in the dentate gyrus in normal, but not in ischemic gerbils, by increasing BDNF mRNA and phosphorylation of pCREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Department of AnatomyCollege of MedicineSoonchunhyang UniversityCheonanSouth Korea
| | - Su Bin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and BiotechnologyHallym UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of AnatomyCollege of Veterinary MedicineKonkuk UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of NeurosurgeryDongtan Sacred Heart HospitalCollege of MedicineHallym UniversityHwaseongSouth Korea
- Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative MedicineHallym UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Institute of Oral SciencesCollege of DentistryGangneung‐Wonju National UniversityGangneungSouth Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and BiotechnologyHallym UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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Altman K, Shavit-Stein E, Maggio N. Post Stroke Seizures and Epilepsy: From Proteases to Maladaptive Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:397. [PMID: 31607864 PMCID: PMC6755337 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Post stroke epilepsy (PSE) is the most common cause of seizures in the elderly, yet its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The classification of PSE is confusing, and there is neither a clear agreement on its incidence and prognosis nor a consensus about specific treatments. The diagnosis of PSE requires the occurrence of late seizures: epileptic events occurring 1 week or more after an ischemic stroke. Late seizures differ from early seizures by the presence of permanent structural changes in the brain. Those structural changes cause a shift in the regulation of neuronal firing and lead to circuit dysfunctions, and thus to a long-term epileptic condition. The coagulation cascade and some of its major components, serine proteases such as thrombin, are known to participate in the acute phase of a stroke. Recent discoveries found that thrombin and its protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), are involved in the development of maladaptive plasticity. Therefore, we suggest that thrombin and PAR1 may have a role in the development of PSE by inducing permanent structural changes after the ischemic events toward the development of epileptic focuses. We are confident that future studies will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PSE, as well as development of more directed therapies for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Altman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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10
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Tang Y, Li MY, Zhang X, Jin X, Liu J, Wei PH. Delayed exposure to environmental enrichment improves functional outcome after stroke. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:137-143. [PMID: 31255517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disabilities worldwide. Although exposure to an enriched environment (EE) initiated in the acute phase after stroke has neuroprotective effects and improves stroke outcome, it remains unclear whether EE has positive effects when started in a delayed time frame. Here we show that exposure to EE in the delayed phase notably ameliorates the ischemia-induced impairments in neurological functions and spatial learning and memory. In addition, delayed EE exposure after stroke significantly promotes the survival and neuronal fate choice of hippocampal newborn cells, increases synaptic density of hippocampal mature neurons, and enhances the migration of subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived cells towards the ischemic striatum. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), synapse-associated proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may respectively mediate these roles of delayed EE. Our findings provide the suggestion that exposure to EE initiated in the delayed phase after stroke promotes plastic changes via affecting neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and neuronal migration, and thus improves stroke outcome. Because EE initiated earlier than 24 h is clinically feasible, our work could be introduced into clinical studies of stroke directly and may provide stroke survivors with a new strategy for their functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping-He Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Sun Y, Feng X, Ding Y, Li M, Yao J, Wang L, Gao Z. Phased Treatment Strategies for Cerebral Ischemia Based on Glutamate Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:168. [PMID: 31105534 PMCID: PMC6499003 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular glutamate accumulation following cerebral ischemia leads to overactivation of glutamate receptors, thereby resulting in intracellular Ca2+ overload and excitotoxic neuronal injury. Multiple attempts have been made to counteract such effects by reducing glutamate receptor function, but none have been successful. In this minireview, we present the available evidence regarding the role of all types of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in cerebral ischemia and propose phased treatment strategies based on glutamate receptors in both the acute and post-acute phases of cerebral ischemia, which may help realize the clinical application of glutamate receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Shijiazhuang Vocational College of Technology and Information, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
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12
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Li R, Huang Y, Chen L, Zhou H, Zhang M, Chang L, Shen H, Zhou M, Su P, Zhu D. Targeted delivery of intranasally administered nanoparticles-mediated neuroprotective peptide NR2B9c to brain and neuron for treatment of ischemic stroke. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 18:380-390. [PMID: 30428334 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The lack of effective therapies mandates the development of new treatment strategies for ischemic stroke. The NR2B9c peptide can prevent N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotoxicity induced by ischemia without affecting essential NMDAR activity and brings hope for stroke therapy. However, it is very difficult for NR2B9c to cross by itself the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the neuron membrane. To provide a suitable delivery for unleashing the therapeutic potential of NR2B9c, in consideration of a high affinity of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) for WGA receptors abundantly present on olfactory epithelium and neuronal surface, we developed WGA-modified nanoparticles carrying NR2B9c (NR2B9c-WGA-NPs). Following intranasal administration, NR2B9c-WGA-NPs are able to bypass the BBB and effectively transport NR2B9c into the brain and neuron, and therefore can protect neurons against excitotoxicity, reduce ischemic brain injury in rats and ameliorate their neurological function deficits. The intranasal administration of NR2B9c-WGA-NPs may serve as a practical stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haihui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingwan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Neuro-psychiatric Institute, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongya Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Tat-HA-NR2B9c attenuate oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:80-87. [PMID: 30253135 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a commonly used chemotherapy drug, which can produce acute and chronic peripheral neurotoxicity. Currently, there is no good therapeutic drug in clinic. Excessive stimulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is crucial for the transmission of pain signals. However, directly inhibiting NMDARs can cause severe side effects because they have key physiological functions in the Central nervous system (CNS). Several years ago, we prepared a polypeptide Tat-HA-NR2B9c which can disturb NMDARs-postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) interaction. In this study, we studied whether Tat-HA-NR2B9c could be an effective treatment for oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain. To conform it, a rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic was established, and analgesic effect of Tat-HA-NR2B9c was studied. Here, we show that oxaliplatin induces the interaction of NMDARs with PSD-95. Uncoupling the complex by Tat-HA-NR2B9c has potent analgesic effect in oxaliplatin-induced cold hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia without suppressing general behavioral. Tat-HA-NR2B9c neither inhibits NMDARs function nor impacts antitumor activity of oxaliplatin. Thus, this new drug may serve as a treatment for oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain, perhaps without major side effects.
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14
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Ni HY, Song YX, Wu HY, Chang L, Luo CX, Zhu DY. 2-Methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine, an edaravone analog, exerts neuroprotective effects against acute ischemic injury via inhibiting oxidative stress. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:270-280. [PMID: 30008465 PMCID: PMC6117603 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Inhibiting oxidative stress has been considered as an effective approach for stroke treatment. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, has been shown to prevent cerebral ischemic injury. However, the clinical efficacy of edaravone is limited because it has a low scavenging activity for superoxide anions (O2·-). Here, we report that 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine, a novel small-molecule compound structurally related to edaravone, showed a stronger inhibitory effect on oxidative stress in vitro. In vivo, 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine reversed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced dysfunctions of superoxide dismutases and malondialdehyde, two proteins crucial for oxidative stress, suggesting a strengthened antioxidant system. Moreover, 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine decreased blood brain barrier permeability. Then, we found that 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine had a stronger neuroprotective effect than edaravone. More importantly, 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine decreased not only infarct size and neurological deficits in the acute phase but also modified neurological severity score and escape latency in Morris water maze task in the delayed period, indicating enhanced neuroprotection, sensorimotor function and spatial memory. Together, these findings suggest that 2-methyl-5H-benzo[d]pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-5-imine could be a preferable option for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Ni
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Song
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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15
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A novel cell-penetrating peptide protects against neuron apoptosis after cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of annexin A1. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:260-275. [PMID: 29769639 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of annexin A1 (ANXA1) has recently been reported to participate in neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia. Prevention of the nuclear translocation of ANXA1 should therefore inhibit neuronal apoptosis and protect against cerebral stroke. Here, we found that, in the repeat III domain of ANXA1, the amino-acid residues from R228 to F237 function as a unique nuclear translocation signal (NTS) and are required for nuclear translocation of ANXA1. Intriguingly, we synthesized a cell-penetrating peptide derived by conjugating the trans-activator of transcription (Tat) domain to the NTS sequence. This Tat-NTS peptide specifically blocked the interaction of ANXA1 with importin β and, consequently, the nuclear translocation of ANXA1 without affecting the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of other proteins. The Tat-NTS peptide inhibited the transcriptional activity of p53, decreased Bid expression, suppressed activation of the caspase-3 apoptosis pathway and improved the survival of hippocampal neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion in vitro. Moreover, using a focal brain ischemia animal model, we showed that the Tat-NTS peptide could be efficiently infused into the ischemic hippocampus and cortex by unilateral intracerebroventricular injection. Injection of the Tat-NTS peptide alleviated neuronal apoptosis in the ischemic zone. Importantly, further work revealed that administration of the Tat-NTS peptide resulted in a dramatic reduction in infarct volume and that this was correlated with a parallel improvement in neurological function after reperfusion. Interestingly, the effects of Tat-NTS were injury specific, with little impact on neuronal apoptosis or cognitive function in sham-treated nonischemic animals. In conclusion, based on its profound neuroprotective and cognitive-preserving effects, it is suggested that the Tat-NTS peptide represents a novel and potentially promising new therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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16
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Zhu SZ, Szeto V, Bao MH, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Pharmacological approaches promoting stem cell-based therapy following ischemic stroke insults. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:695-712. [PMID: 29671416 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke can lead to long-term neurological deficits. Adult neurogenesis, the continuous generation of newborn neurons in distinct regions of the brain throughout life, has been considered as one of the appoaches to restore the neurological function following ischemic stroke. However, ischemia-induced spontaneous neurogenesis is not suffcient, thus cell-based therapy, including infusing exogenous stem cells or stimulating endogenous stem cells to help repair of injured brain, has been studied in numerous animal experiments and some pilot clinical trials. While the effects of cell-based therapy on neurological function during recovery remains unproven in randomized controlled trials, pharmacological agents have been administrated to assist the cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarized the limitations of ischemia-induced neurogenesis and stem-cell transplantation, as well as the potential proneuroregenerative effects of drugs that may enhance efficacy of cell-based therapies. Specifically, we discussed drugs that enhance proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival and function connectivity of newborn neurons, which may restore neurobehavioral function and improve outcomes in stroke patients.
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17
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Ballarin B, Tymianski M. Discovery and development of NA-1 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:661-668. [PMID: 29565039 PMCID: PMC5943917 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke creates a complex interplay of multiple signaing pathways including excitotoxicity, ionic imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. There are very few treatments that have been shown to be beneficial in acute stroke. Recent findings have provided insights into the pathophysiology and mechanisms of ischemic stroke, complementing the traditional glutamate hypothesis: the molecular interaction between PSD95 and GluN2B has been identified as a culprit in stroke-mediated excitotoxicity, leading to the discovery of NA-1, a peptide that disrupts that interaction, as a potent neuroprotective agent for the treatment of acute stroke. In this review we describe its signaling cascade, the target of its therapeutic intervention and its translation from bench to clinical trial.
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18
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Tang Y, Lin YH, Ni HY, Dong J, Yuan HJ, Zhang Y, Liang HY, Yao MC, Zhou QG, Wu HY, Chang L, Luo CX, Zhu DY. Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) Promotes Functional Recovery From Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e007236. [PMID: 28982677 PMCID: PMC5721897 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. However, current therapies that promote functional recovery from stroke are limited to physical rehabilitation. No pharmacological therapy is available. Thus, understanding the role of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the pathophysiological process of stroke-induced functional loss may provide a novel strategy for stroke recovery. METHODS AND RESULTS Focal stroke was induced by photothrombosis. LV-HDAC2-shRNA-GFP, LV-GFP, Ad-HDAC2-Flag, or Ad-inactive-HDAC2-Flag was microinjected into the peri-infarct area immediately after stroke. HDAC inhibitors were microinjected into the peri-infarct area 4 to 10 days after stroke. Grid-walking task and cylinder task were conducted to assess motor function. Golgi-Cox staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophysiology were used to reveal the mechanisms underlying stroke recovery. Knockdown or knockout of HDAC2 promoted stroke recovery, whereas overexpression of HDAC2 worsened stroke-induced functional impairment. More importantly, trichostatin A, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, promoted functional recovery from stroke in WT mice when used in the delayed phase, but it was ineffective in Hdac2 conditional knockout (Hdac2 CKO) mice. Treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a selective HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor, in the delayed phase of stroke produced sustained functional recovery in mice via epigenetically enhancing neuroplasticity of surviving neurons in the peri-infarct zone. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings provide evidence that HDAC2 is a crucial target for functional recovery from stroke. As there are clinically available HDAC inhibitors, our findings could be directly translated into clinical research of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Yu Ni
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Jin Yuan
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Ying Liang
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Yao
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing, China
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19
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Milani D, Cross JL, Anderton RS, Blacker DJ, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Delayed 2-h post-stroke administration of R18 and NA-1 (TAT-NR2B9c) peptides after permanent and/or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Brain Res Bull 2017; 135:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Zhou HH, Zhang L, Zhang HX, Zhang JP, Ge WH. Chimeric Peptide Tat-HA-NR2B9c Improves Regenerative Repair after Transient Global Ischemia. Front Neurol 2017; 8:509. [PMID: 29018405 PMCID: PMC5622973 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient global ischemia (TGI) is a major public health problem, and it heightens the need of effective treatments. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether recombinant polypeptide Tat-HA-NR2B9c improves spatial learning and memory deficits in rats after TGI. Rats were subjected to 20-min ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method and daily injected with Tat-HA-NR2B9c (1.12 mg/kg) for 1 week. Tat-HA-NR2B9c increased CREB activity, upregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression after treated for 24 h. There was a significant increase in dendrite spine density in hippocampal CA1 region and BrdU-positive cells and BrdU/NeuN-positive cells in the dentate gyrus after Tat-HA-NR2B9c treatment, compared with ischemia group at postischemic day 28. Inhibition of the CREB activation by recombinant lentivirus, LV-CREB133-GFP, abolished the upregulation effects of Tat-HA-NR2B9c on Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, Tat-HA-NR2B9c improved the impaired spatial learning and memory ability in Morris water maze. These results suggest that Tat-HA-NR2B9c substantially ameliorated the TGI-induced loss of dendrite spine in hippocampal CA1, increased neurogenesis in dentate gyrus, and significantly improved cognitive abilities by the CREB pathway in rats after transient global cerebral ischemia. It may be served as a treatment for TGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hui Zhou
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Ge
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Effects of Dimeric PSD-95 Inhibition on Excitotoxic Cell Death and Outcome After Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3401-3413. [PMID: 28828633 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of PSD-95 inhibition have been demonstrated in numerous studies of stroke; however only few studies have assessed the effects of PSD-95 inhibitors in traumatic brain injury (TBI). As the pathophysiology of TBI partially overlaps with that of stroke, PSD-95 inhibition may also be an effective therapeutic strategy in TBI. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of a dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95, UCCB01-144, on excitotoxic cell death in vitro and outcome after experimental TBI in rats in vivo. In addition, the pharmacokinetic parameters of UCCB01-144 were investigated in order to assess uptake of the drug into the central nervous system of rats. After a controlled cortical impact rats were randomized to receive a single injection of either saline or two different doses of UCCB01-144 (10 or 20 mg/kg IV) immediately after injury. Spatial learning and memory were assessed in a water maze at 2 weeks post-trauma, and at 4 weeks lesion volumes were estimated. Overall, UCCB01-144 did not protect against NMDA-toxicity in neuronal cultures or experimental TBI in rats. Important factors that should be investigated further in future studies assessing the effects of PSD-95 inhibitors in TBI are discussed.
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22
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Opening a New Time Window for Treatment of Stroke by Targeting HDAC2. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6712-6728. [PMID: 28592694 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0341-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrow therapeutic window limits treatments with thrombolysis and neuroprotection for most stroke patients. Widening therapeutic window remains a critical challenge. Understanding the key mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological events in the peri-infarct area where secondary injury coexists with neuroplasticity over days to weeks may offer an opportunity for expanding the therapeutic window. Here we show that ischemia-induced histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) upregulation from 5 to 7 d after stroke plays a crucial role. In this window phase, suppressing HDAC2 in the peri-infarct cortex of rodents by HDAC inhibitors, knockdown or knock-out of Hdac2 promoted recovery of motor function from stroke via epigenetically enhancing cells survival and neuroplasticity of surviving neurons as well as reducing neuroinflammation, whereas overexpressing HDAC2 worsened stroke-induced functional impairment of both WT and Hdac2 conditional knock-out mice. More importantly, inhibiting other isoforms of HDACs had no effect. Thus, the intervention by precisely targeting HDAC2 in this window phase is a novel strategy for the functional recovery of stroke survivors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Narrow time window phase impedes current therapies for stroke patients. Understanding the key mechanisms underlying secondary injury may open a new window for pharmacological interventions to promote recovery from stroke. Our study indicates that ischemia-induced histone deacetylase 2 upregulation from 5 to 7 d after stroke mediates the secondary functional loss by reducing survival and neuroplasticity of peri-infarct neurons as well as augmenting neuroinflammation. Thus, precisely targeting histone deacetylase 2 in the window phase provides a novel therapeutic strategy for stroke recovery.
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23
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Neuroprotective efficacy of poly-arginine R18 and NA-1 (TAT-NR2B9c) peptides following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurosci Res 2017; 114:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Sommer JB, Bach A, Malá H, Strømgaard K, Mogensen J, Pickering DS. In vitro and in vivo effects of a novel dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95 on excitotoxicity and functional recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:238-248. [PMID: 27859797 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PSD-95 inhibitors have been shown to be neuroprotective in stroke, but have only to a very limited extent been evaluated in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that has pathophysiological mechanisms in common with stroke. The aims of the current study were to assess the effects of a novel dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95, UCCB01-147, on histopathology and long-term cognitive outcome after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in rats. As excitotoxic cell death is thought to be a prominent part of the pathophysiology of TBI, we also investigated the neuroprotective effects of UCCB01-147 and related compounds on NMDA-induced cell death in cultured cortical neurons. Anesthetized rats were given a CCI or sham injury, and were randomized to receive an injection of either UCCB01-147 (10 mg/kg), the non-competitive NMDAR-receptor antagonist MK-801 (1 mg/kg) or saline immediately after injury. At 2 and 4 weeks post-trauma, spatial learning and memory were assessed in a water maze, and at 3 months, brains were removed for estimation of lesion volumes. Overall, neither treatment with UCCB01-147 nor MK-801 resulted in significant improvements of cognition and histopathology after CCI. Although MK-801 provided robust neuroprotection against NMDA-induced toxicity in cultured cortical neurons, UCCB01-147 failed to reduce cell death and became neurotoxic at high doses. The data suggest potential differential effects of PSD-95 inhibition in stroke and TBI that should be investigated further in future studies taking important experimental factors such as timing of treatment, dosage, and anesthesia into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bak Sommer
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience (UCN), Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bach
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hana Malá
- The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience (UCN), Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Mogensen
- The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience (UCN), Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Vyas Y, Montgomery JM. The role of postsynaptic density proteins in neural degeneration and regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:906-7. [PMID: 27482211 PMCID: PMC4962580 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukti Vyas
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Milani D, Knuckey NW, Anderton RS, Cross JL, Meloni BP. The R18 Polyarginine Peptide Is More Effective Than the TAT-NR2B9c (NA-1) Peptide When Administered 60 Minutes after Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat. Stroke Res Treat 2016; 2016:2372710. [PMID: 27247825 PMCID: PMC4877491 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2372710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the dose responsiveness of polyarginine R18 (100, 300, and 1000 nmol/kg) when administered 60 minutes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The TAT-NR2B9c peptide, which is known to be neuroprotective in rodent and nonhuman primate stroke models, served as a positive control. At 24 hours after MCAO, there was reduced total infarct volume in R18 treated animals at all doses, but this reduction only reached statistical significance at doses of 100 and 1000 nmol/kg. The TAT-NR2B9c peptide reduced infarct volume at doses of 300 and 1000 nmol/kg, but not to a statistically significant extent, while the 100 nmol/kg dose was ineffective. The reduction in infarct volume with R18 and TAT-NR2B9c peptide treatments was mirrored by improvements in one or more functional outcomes (namely, neurological score, adhesive tape removal, and rota-rod), but not to a statistically significant extent. These findings further confirm the neuroprotective properties of polyarginine peptides and for R18 extend its therapeutic time window and dose range, as well as demonstrating its greater efficacy compared to TAT-NR2B9c in a severe stroke model. The superior neuroprotective efficacy of R18 over TAT-NR2B9c highlights the potential of this polyarginine peptide as a lead candidate for studies in human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Milani
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - N. W. Knuckey
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - R. S. Anderton
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J. L. Cross
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - B. P. Meloni
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Teves LM, Cui H, Tymianski M. Efficacy of the PSD95 inhibitor Tat-NR2B9c in mice requires dose translation between species. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:555-61. [PMID: 26661213 PMCID: PMC4794097 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15612099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tat-NR2B9c, a clinical-stage stroke neuroprotectant validated in rats and primates, was recently deemed ineffective in mice. To evaluate this discrepancy, we conducted studies in mice subjected to temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for either 30 or 60 min according to the established principles for dose-translation between species. Tat-NR2B9c treatment reduced infarct volume by by 24.5% (p = 0.49) and 26.0% (p = 0.03) for 30 and 60 min tMCAO, respectively, at the rat-equivalent dose of 10 nMole/g, but not at the previously reported 3 nMole/g in mice. Dose translation is thus critical when preclinical experiments are conducted in new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Teves
- Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Cui
- Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Tymianski
- Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Lee K, Goodman L, Fourie C, Schenk S, Leitch B, Montgomery JM. AMPA Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Disorders. ION CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS, PART A 2016; 103:203-61. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zuo X, Xu E. Letter by Zuo and Xu Regarding Article, "Delayed Administration of Tat-HA-NR2B9c Promotes Recovery After Stroke in Rats". Stroke 2015; 46:e192. [PMID: 26111889 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Zuo
- Institute of Neurosciences and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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30
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Sun Y, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhan L, Gao Z. Therapeutic Targets for Cerebral Ischemia Based on the Signaling Pathways of the GluN2B C Terminus. Stroke 2015; 46:2347-53. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- From the Department of Pharmacy (Y.S., Y.C., L. Zhan, Z.G.), Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering (Y.S., Z.G.), and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base—Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug (Z.G.), Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China; and Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (L. Zhang)
| | - Linan Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacy (Y.S., Y.C., L. Zhan, Z.G.), Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering (Y.S., Z.G.), and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base—Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug (Z.G.), Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China; and Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (L. Zhang)
| | - You Chen
- From the Department of Pharmacy (Y.S., Y.C., L. Zhan, Z.G.), Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering (Y.S., Z.G.), and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base—Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug (Z.G.), Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China; and Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (L. Zhang)
| | - Liying Zhan
- From the Department of Pharmacy (Y.S., Y.C., L. Zhan, Z.G.), Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering (Y.S., Z.G.), and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base—Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug (Z.G.), Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China; and Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (L. Zhang)
| | - Zibin Gao
- From the Department of Pharmacy (Y.S., Y.C., L. Zhan, Z.G.), Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering (Y.S., Z.G.), and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base—Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug (Z.G.), Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China; and Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (L. Zhang)
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