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Serrallach BL, Mujanovic A, Ntoulias N, Manhart M, Branca M, Brehm A, Psychogios MN, Kurmann CC, Piechowiak EI, Pilgram-Pastor S, Meinel T, Seiffge D, Mordasini P, Gralla J, Dobrocky T, Kaesmacher J. Flat-panel Detector Perfusion Imaging and Conventional Multidetector Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke : A Comparative Study. Clin Neuroradiol 2024; 34:625-635. [PMID: 38526586 PMCID: PMC11339100 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-024-01401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flat-panel detector computed tomography (FDCT) is increasingly used in (neuro)interventional angiography suites. This study aimed to compare FDCT perfusion (FDCTP) with conventional multidetector computed tomography perfusion (MDCTP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS In this study, 19 patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who had undergone mechanical thrombectomy, baseline MDCTP and pre-interventional FDCTP were included. Hypoperfused tissue volumes were manually segmented on time to maximum (Tmax) and time to peak (TTP) maps based on the maximum visible extent. Absolute and relative thresholds were applied to the maximum visible extent on Tmax and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) maps to delineate penumbra volumes and volumes with a high likelihood of irreversible infarcted tissue ("core"). Standard comparative metrics were used to evaluate the performance of FDCTP. RESULTS Strong correlations and robust agreement were found between manually segmented volumes on MDCTP and FDCTP Tmax maps (r = 0.85, 95% CI 0.65-0.94, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.85, 95% CI 0.69-0.94) and TTP maps (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.78-0.97, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.90, 95% CI 0.78-0.96); however, direct quantitative comparisons using thresholding showed lower correlations and weaker agreement (MDCTP versus FDCTP Tmax 6 s: r = 0.35, 95% CI -0.13-0.69, p = 0.15; ICC = 0.32, 95% CI 0.07-0.75). Normalization techniques improved results for Tmax maps (r = 0.78, 95% CI 0.50-0.91, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.77, 95% CI 0.55-0.91). Bland-Altman analyses indicated a slight systematic underestimation of FDCTP Tmax maximum visible extent volumes and slight overestimation of FDCTP TTP maximum visible extent volumes compared to MDCTP. CONCLUSION FDCTP and MDCTP provide qualitatively comparable volumetric results on Tmax and TTP maps; however, direct quantitative measurements of infarct core and hypoperfused tissue volumes showed lower correlations and agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina L Serrallach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Adnan Mujanovic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Ntoulias
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4/Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Manhart
- Advanced Therapies, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Siemensstrasse 1, 91301, Forchheim, Germany
| | - Mattia Branca
- CTU Bern, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex Brehm
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4/Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marios-Nikos Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4/Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph C Kurmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eike I Piechowiak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Pilgram-Pastor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Meinel
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Mordasini
- Department of Radiology, Netzwerk Radiologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Mujanovic A, Imhof A, Zheng S, Piechowiak EI, Serrallach BL, Meinel TR, Dobrocky T, Aziz YN, Seiffge DJ, Goeldlin M, Arnold M, Hakim A, Wiest R, Gralla J, Mistry EA, Fischer U, Wegener S, Kaesmacher J. Perfusion Abnormalities on 24-Hour Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Complete Endovascular Reperfusion. Stroke 2024; 55:2315-2324. [PMID: 39145382 PMCID: PMC11346709 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.047441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfusion abnormalities in the infarct and salvaged penumbra have been proposed as a potential reason for poor clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2) despite complete angiographic reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [TICI3]). In this study, we aimed to identify different microvascular perfusion patterns and their association with clinical outcomes among TICI3 patients. METHODS University Hospital Bern's stroke registry of all patients between February 2015 and December 2021. Macrovascular reperfusion was graded using the TICI scale. Microvascular reperfusion status was evaluated within the infarct area on cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow perfusion maps obtained 24-hour postintervention. Primary outcome was functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) evaluated with the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and 24-hour infarct volume from follow-up imaging. RESULTS Based on microvascular perfusion findings, the entire cohort (N=248) was stratified into one of the 4 clusters: (1) normoperfusion (no perfusion abnormalities; n=143/248); (2) hyperperfusion (hyperperfusion on both cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow; n=54/248); (3) hypoperfusion (hypoperfusion on both cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow; n=14/248); and (4) mixed (discrepant findings, eg, cerebral blood volume hypoperfusion and cerebral blood flow hyperperfusion; n=37/248). Compared with the normoperfusion cluster, patients in the hypoperfusion cluster were less likely to achieve functional independence (adjusted odds ratio, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.1-0.9]), while patients in the hyperperfusion cluster tended to have better outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 3.3 [95% CI, 1.3-8.8]). CONCLUSIONS In around half of TICI3 patients, perfusion abnormalities on the microvascular level can be observed. Microvascular hypoperfusion, despite complete macrovascular reperfusion, is rare but may explain the poor clinical course among some TICI3 patients, while a detrimental effect of hyperperfusion after reperfusion could not be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujanovic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anick Imhof
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shaokai Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research (S.Z.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eike I. Piechowiak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina L. Serrallach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Meinel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital (T.R.M., D.J.S., M.G., M.A., U.F.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin N. Aziz
- Department of Neurology, UC Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio (Y.N.A., E.A.M.)
| | - David J. Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital (T.R.M., D.J.S., M.G., M.A., U.F.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Goeldlin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital (T.R.M., D.J.S., M.G., M.A., U.F.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital (T.R.M., D.J.S., M.G., M.A., U.F.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arsany Hakim
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva A. Mistry
- Department of Neurology, UC Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio (Y.N.A., E.A.M.)
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital (T.R.M., D.J.S., M.G., M.A., U.F.), University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (U.F.)
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland (S.W.)
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., A.I., S.Z., E.I.P., B.L.S., T.D., A.H., R.W., J.G., J.K.), University of Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Mujanovic A, Ng FC, Branca M, Deutschmann HA, Meinel TR, Churilov L, Nistl O, Mitchell PJ, Yassi N, Parsons MW, Sharma GJ, Gattringer T, Arnold M, Cavalcante F, Piechowiak EI, Kleinig TJ, Seiffge DJ, Dobrocky T, Gralla J, Fischer U, Kneihsl M, Campbell BCV, Kaesmacher J. External Validation of a Model for Persistent Perfusion Deficit in Patients With Incomplete Reperfusion After Thrombectomy: EXTEND-PROCEED. Neurology 2024; 103:e209401. [PMID: 38900979 PMCID: PMC11254450 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We recently developed a model (PROCEED) that predicts the occurrence of persistent perfusion deficit (PPD) at 24 hours in patients with incomplete angiographic reperfusion after thrombectomy. This study aims to externally validate the PROCEED model using prospectively acquired multicenter data. METHODS Individual patient data for external validation were obtained from the Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection, Tenecteplase versus Alteplase Before Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke part 1 and 2 trials, and a prospective cohort of the Medical University of Graz. The model's primary outcome was the occurrence of PPD, defined as a focal, wedge-shaped perfusion delay on 24-hour follow-up perfusion imaging that corresponds to the capillary phase deficit on last angiographic series in patients with RESULTS We included 371 patients (38% with PPD). The externally validated model had good discrimination (C-statistic 0.81, 95% CI 0.77-0.86) and adequate calibration (intercept 0.25, 95% CI 0.21-0.29 and slope 0.98, 95% CI 0.90-1.12). Across a wide range of probability thresholds (i.e., depending on the physicians' preferences on how the model should be used), the model shows net benefit on clinical decision curves, informing physicians on the likelihood of PPD. If a physician's attitude toward false-positive and false-negative ratings is equal, the model would reduce 13 in 100 unnecessary interventions by correctly predicting complete delayed reperfusion, without missing a patient with PPD. DISCUSSION The externally validated model had adequate predictive accuracy and discrimination. Depending on the acceptable threshold probability, the model accurately predicts persistent incomplete reperfusion and may advise physicians whether additional reperfusion attempts should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujanovic
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix C Ng
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Branca
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannes A Deutschmann
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Meinel
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Churilov
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nistl
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Mitchell
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Parsons
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gagan J Sharma
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gattringer
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabiano Cavalcante
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eike I Piechowiak
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timothy J Kleinig
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - David J Seiffge
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kneihsl
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce C V Campbell
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., E.I.P., T.D., J.G., J.K.), Neurology (T.R.M., M.A., D.J.S., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Graduate School for Health Sciences (A.M.), and CTU Bern (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre (F.C.N., N.Y., G.J.S., B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), and Department of Radiology (P.J.M.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville; Department of Neurology (F.C.N.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology (H.A.D., O.N., T.G., M.K.), and Department of Neurology (T.G., M.K.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; Department of Neurology (M.W.P.), Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.J.K.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Cimflova P, Singh N, Kappelhof M, Ospel JM, Sehgal A, Kashani N, Almekhlafi MA, Demchuk AM, Berrouschot J, Dorn F, Kelly ME, Buck BH, Field TS, Dowlatshahi D, Tymianski M, Hill MD, Goyal M. Effect of incomplete reperfusion patterns on clinical outcome: insights from the ESCAPE-NA1 trial. J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:809-814. [PMID: 37491383 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incomplete reperfusion (IR) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can be a consequence of residual occlusion, no-reflow phenomenon, or collateral counterpressure. Data on the impact of these phenomena on clinical outcome are limited. METHODS Patients from the ESCAPE-NA1 trial with IR (expanded Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) 2b) were compared with those with complete or near-complete reperfusion (eTICI 2c-3) on the final angiography run. Final runs were assessed for (a) an MT-accessible occlusion, or (b) a non-MT-accessible occlusion pattern. The primary clinical outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2 at 90 days. Our imaging outcome was infarction in IR territory on follow-up imaging. Unadjusted and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained. RESULTS Of 1105 patients, 443 (40.1%) with IR and 506 (46.1%) with complete or near-complete reperfusion were included. An MT-accessible occlusion was identified in 147/443 patients (33.2%) and a non-MT-accessible occlusion in 296/443 (66.8%). As compared with patients with near-complete/complete reperfusion, patients with IR had significantly lower chances of achieving mRS 0-2 at 90 days (aIRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.91). Rates of mRS 0-2 were lower in the MT-accessible occlusion group as compared with the non-MT-accessible occlusion pattern group (aIRR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.83, and aIRR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.98, respectively). More patients with MT-accessible occlusion patterns developed infarcts in the non-reperfused territory as compared with patients with non-MT occlusion patterns (68.7% vs 46.3%). CONCLUSION IR was associated with worse clinical outcomes than near-complete/complete reperfusion. Two-thirds of our patients with IR had non-MT-accessible occlusion patterns which were associated with better clinical and imaging outcomes compared with those with MT-accessible occlusion patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cimflova
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Nishita Singh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine - Neurology division, University of Manitoba Max Rady College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Manon Kappelhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Ospel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Universitatsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arshia Sehgal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nima Kashani
- University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Almekhlafi
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkis Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkis Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joerg Berrouschot
- Klinik für Neurologie und Neurologische Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Altenburger Land GmbH, Altenburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Klinik für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brian H Buck
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thalia S Field
- Division of Neurology, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dariush Dowlatshahi
- Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael D Hill
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkis Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mayank Goyal
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkis Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Nguyen HBT, Nguyen TQ, Tran VT, Le TSV, Truong ATL, Pham BN, Nguyen SH, Behera AK, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TB, Nguyen TN, Nguyen TH. Outcome of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion in Patients with Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease. Cerebrovasc Dis 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38684148 DOI: 10.1159/000539112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) has been identified as a major cause of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO).This study compared the characteristics and treatment outcomes in acute BAO patients with and without ICAD. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted at 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam from August 2021 to June 2023. Patients with acute BAO who underwent endovascular treatment within 24 h from symptom onset were included (thrombectomy alone or bridging with intravenous alteplase). The baseline characteristics and outcomes were analyzed and compared between patients with and without ICAD. Good functional outcome was defined as mRS ≤3 at 90 days. RESULTS Among the 208 patients enrolled, 112 (53.8%) patients were categorized in the ICAD group, and 96 (46.2%) in the non-ICAD group. Occlusion in the proximal segment of the basilar artery was more common in patients with ICAD (55.4% vs. 21.9%, p < 0.001), whereas the distal segment was the most common location in the non-ICAD group (58.3% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001). Patients in the ICAD group were more likely to undergo treatment in the late window, with a higher mean onset-to-treatment time compared to the non-ICAD group (11.6 vs. 9.5 h, p = 0.01). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, distal segment BAO was negatively associated with ICAD (aOR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05-0.32, p < 0.001), while dyslipidemia showed a positive association (aOR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.15-5.17, p = 0.02). There was a higher rate for rescue stenting in the ICAD compared to non-ICAD group (15.2% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of good outcome (45.5% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.91), symptomatic hemorrhage rates (4.5% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.25), and mortality (42% vs. 50%, p = 0.25). CONCLUSION ICAD was a common etiology in patients with BAO. The location segment of BAO and dyslipidemia were associated with ICAD in patients with BAO. There was no difference in 90-day outcomes between BAO patients with and without ICAD undergoing endovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Bich Thi Nguyen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,
| | - Trung Quoc Nguyen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thanh Tran
- Department of Neurointervention, 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tra Son Vu Le
- Department of Neurointervention, 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Le Truong
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Binh Nguyen Pham
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sang Hung Nguyen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anit Kiran Behera
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thanh Thien Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thang Ba Nguyen
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thang Huy Nguyen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, 115 People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Mujanovic A, Kurmann CC, Manhart M, Piechowiak EI, Pilgram-Pastor SM, Serrallach BL, Boulouis G, Meinel TR, Seiffge DJ, Jung S, Arnold M, Nguyen TN, Fischer U, Gralla J, Dobrocky T, Mordasini P, Kaesmacher J. Value of Immediate Flat Panel Perfusion Imaging after Endovascular Therapy (AFTERMATH): A Proof of Concept Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024; 45:163-170. [PMID: 38238089 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Potential utility of flat panel CT perfusion imaging (FPCT-PI) performed immediately after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is unknown. We aimed to assess whether FPCT-PI obtained directly post-MT could provide additional potentially relevant information on tissue reperfusion status. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-center analysis of all patients with consecutive acute stroke admitted between June 2019 and March 2021 who underwent MT and postinterventional FPCT-PI (n = 26). A core lab blinded to technical details and clinical data performed TICI grading on postinterventional DSA images and qualitatively assessed reperfusion on time-sensitive FPCT-PI maps. According to agreement between DSA and FPCT-PI, all patients were classified into 4 groups: hypoperfusion findings perfectly matched by location (group 1), hypoperfusion findings mismatched by location (group 2), complete reperfusion on DSA with hypoperfusion on FPCT-PI (group 3), and hypoperfusion on DSA with complete reperfusion on FPCT-PI (group 4). RESULTS Detection of hypoperfusion (present/absent) concurred in 21/26 patients. Of these, reperfusion findings showed perfect agreement on location and size in 16 patients (group 1), while in 5 patients there was a mismatch by location (group 2). Of the remaining 5 patients with disagreement regarding the presence or absence of hypoperfusion, 3 were classified into group 3 and 2 into group 4. FPCT-PI findings could have avoided TICI overestimation in all false-positive operator-rated TICI 3 cases (10/26). CONCLUSIONS FPCT-PI may provide additional clinically relevant information in a considerable proportion of patients undergoing MT. Hence, FPCT-PI may complement the evaluation of reperfusion efficacy and potentially inform decision-making in the angiography suite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujanovic
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Health Sciences (A.M., C.C.K.), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph C Kurmann
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (C.C.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Health Sciences (A.M., C.C.K.), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Manhart
- Siemens Healthineers, Advanced Therapies (M.M.), Forchheim, Germany
| | - Eike I Piechowiak
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara M Pilgram-Pastor
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina L Serrallach
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregoire Boulouis
- Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), University Hospital Tours (Centre Val de Loire Region), Tours, France
| | - Thomas R Meinel
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., D.J.S., S.J., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David J Seiffge
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., D.J.S., S.J., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jung
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., D.J.S., S.J., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., D.J.S., S.J., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., D.J.S., S.J., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Mordasini
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.M.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., E.I.P., S.M.P.-P., B.L.S., J.G., T.D., P.M., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Mujanovic A, Windecker D, Serrallach BL, Kurmann CC, Almiri W, Meinel TR, Seiffge DJ, Piechowiak EI, Dobrocky T, Gralla J, Fischer U, Dorn F, Chapot R, Pilgram-Pastor S, Kaesmacher J. Connecting the DOTs: a novel imaging sign on flat-panel detector CT indicating distal vessel occlusions after thrombectomy. J Neurointerv Surg 2024:jnis-2023-021218. [PMID: 38253377 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-021218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediate non-contrast post-interventional flat-panel detector CT (FPDCT) has been suggested as an imaging tool to assess complications after endovascular therapy (EVT). We systematically investigated a new imaging finding of focal hyperdensities correlating with remaining distal vessel occlusion after EVT. METHODS A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted for all acute ischemic stroke patients admitted between July 2020 and December 2022 who underwent EVT and immediate post-interventional FPDCT. A blinded core lab performed reperfusion grading on post-interventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images and evaluated focal hyperdensities on FPDCT (here called the distal occlusion tracker (DOT) sign). DOT sign was defined as a tubular or punctiform, vessel confined, hyperdense signal within the initial occlusion target territory. We assessed sensitivity and specificity of the DOT sign when compared with DSA findings. RESULTS The median age of the cohort (n=215) was 74 years (IQR 63-82) and 58.6% were male. The DOT sign was positive in half of the cohort (51%, 110/215). The DOT sign had high specificity (85%, 95% CI 72% to 93%), but only moderate sensitivity (63%, 95% CI 55% to 70%) for detection of residual vessel occlusions. In comparison to the core lab, operators overestimated complete reperfusion in a quarter of the entire cohort (25%, 53/215). In more than half of these cases (53%, 28/53) there was a positive DOT sign, which could have mitigated this overestimation. CONCLUSION The DOT sign appears to be a frequent finding on immediate post-interventional FPDCT. It correlates strongly with incomplete reperfusion and indicates residual distal vessel occlusions. In the future, it may be used to complement grading of reperfusion success and may help mitigating overestimation of reperfusion in the acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujanovic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Windecker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina L Serrallach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph C Kurmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William Almiri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Meinel
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David J Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eike I Piechowiak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neruology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Chapot
- Department of Neuroradiology and Endovascular Therapy, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Sara Pilgram-Pastor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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ter Schiphorst A, Turc G, Hassen WB, Oppenheim C, Baron JC. Incidence, severity and impact on functional outcome of persistent hypoperfusion despite large-vessel recanalization, a potential marker of impaired microvascular reperfusion: Systematic review of the clinical literature. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:38-49. [PMID: 37871624 PMCID: PMC10905632 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231209069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The reported incidence of persistent hypoperfusion despite complete recanalization as surrogate for impaired microvascular reperfusion (IMR) has varied widely among clinical studies, possibly due to differences in i) definition of complete recanalization, with only recent Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) grading schemes allowing distinction between complete (TICI3) and partial recanalization with distal occlusions (TICI2c); ii) operational definition of IMR; and iii) consideration of potential alternative causes for hypoperfusion, notably carotid stenosis, re-occlusion and post-thrombectomy hemorrhage. We performed a systematic review to identify clinical studies that carried out brain perfusion imaging within 72 hrs post-thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke and reported hypoperfusion rates separately for TICI3 and TICI2c grades. Authors were contacted if this data was missing. We identified eight eligible articles, altogether reporting 636 patients. The incidence of IMR after complete recanalization (i.e., TICI3) tended to decrease with the number of considered alternative causes of hypoperfusion: range 12.5-42.9%, 0-31.6% and 0-9.1% in articles that considered none, two or all three causes, respectively. No study reported the impact of IMR on functional outcome separately for TICI-3 patients. Based on this systematic review, IMR in true complete recanalization appears relatively rare, and reported incidence highly depends on definition used and consideration of confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien ter Schiphorst
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Department of Neurology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
| | - Wagih Ben Hassen
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1266, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1266, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Department of Neurology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
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9
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Mujanovic A, Ng F, Meinel TR, Dobrocky T, Piechowiak EI, Kurmann CC, Seiffge DJ, Wegener S, Wiest R, Meyer L, Fiehler J, Olivot JM, Ribo M, Nguyen TN, Gralla J, Campbell BC, Fischer U, Kaesmacher J. No-reflow phenomenon in stroke patients: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of clinical data. Int J Stroke 2024; 19:58-67. [PMID: 37231702 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231180434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The no-reflow phenomenon refers to the absence of microvascular reperfusion despite macrovascular reperfusion. AIM The aim of this analysis was to summarize the available clinical evidence on no-reflow in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS A systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of clinical data on definition, rates, and impact of the no-reflow phenomenon after reperfusion therapy was carried out. A predefined research strategy was formulated according to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) model and was used to screen for articles in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase up to 8 September 2022. Whenever possible, quantitative data were summarized using a random-effects model. RESULTS Thirteen studies with a total of 719 patients were included in the final analysis. Most studies (n = 10/13) used variations of the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale to evaluate macrovascular reperfusion, whereas microvascular reperfusion and no-reflow were mostly assessed on perfusion maps (n = 9/13). In one-third of stroke patients with successful macrovascular reperfusion (29%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 21-37%), the no-reflow phenomenon was observed. Pooled analysis showed that no-reflow was consistently associated with reduced rates of functional independence (odds ratio (OR), 0.21, 95% CI, 0.15-0.31). CONCLUSION The definition of no-reflow varied substantially across studies, but it appears to be a common phenomenon. Some of the no-reflow cases may simply represent remaining vessel occlusions, and it remains unclear whether no-reflow is an epiphenomenon of the infarcted parenchyma or causes infarction. Future studies should focus on standardizing the definition of no-reflow with more consistent definitions of successful macrovascular reperfusion and experimental set-ups that could detect the causality of the observed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujanovic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Ng
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas R Meinel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eike I Piechowiak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph C Kurmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David J Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jean Marc Olivot
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Ribo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Gralla
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Cv Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Mujanovic A, Kurmann CC, Serrallach BL, Dobrocky T, Meinel TR, Windecker D, Grunder L, Beyeler M, Seiffge DJ, Pilgram-Pastor S, Arnold M, Piechowiak EI, Gralla J, Fischer U, Kaesmacher J. Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis is Associated with Delayed Reperfusion of Remaining Vessel Occlusions following Incomplete Thrombectomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1050-1056. [PMID: 37500281 PMCID: PMC10494949 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intra-arterial thrombolytics may be used to treat distal vessel occlusions, which cause incomplete reperfusion following mechanical thrombectomy. Because immediate reperfusion after intra-arterial thrombolytics occurs rarely, the aim of this study was to assess the delayed effect of intra-arterial thrombolytics using follow-up perfusion imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included patients from a prospective stroke registry (February 2015 to September 2022) who had undergone mechanical thrombectomy and had incomplete reperfusion (expanded TICI 2a-2c) and available 24 hour perfusion imaging. Perfusion imaging was rated as delayed reperfusion if time-sensitive perfusion maps did not show wedge-shaped delays suggestive of persisting occlusions corresponding to the post-mechanical thrombectomy angiographic deficit. Patients treated with intra-arterial thrombolytics were compared with controls using multivariable logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment weighting matching for baseline differences and factors associated with delayed reperfusion. RESULTS The median age of the final study population (n = 459) was 74 years (interquartile range, 63-81 years), and delayed reperfusion occurred in 61% of cases. Patients treated with additional intra-arterial thrombolytics (n = 40) were younger and had worse expanded TICI scores. After matching was performed, intra-arterial thrombolytics was associated with higher rates of delayed reperfusion (adjusted OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.4) and lower rates of new infarction in the residually hypoperfused territory after mechanical thrombectomy (adjusted OR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7). No difference was found in the rates of functional independence (90-day mRS, 0-2; adjusted OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 0.4-4.1). CONCLUSIONS Rescue intra-arterial thrombolytics is associated with delayed reperfusion of remaining vessel occlusions following incomplete mechanical thrombectomy. The value of intra-arterial thrombolytics as a potential therapy for incomplete reperfusions after mechanical thrombectomy should be assessed in the setting of randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mujanovic
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C C Kurmann
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (C.C.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B L Serrallach
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Dobrocky
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T R Meinel
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., M.B., D.J.S., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Windecker
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Grunder
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Beyeler
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., M.B., D.J.S., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D J Seiffge
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., M.B., D.J.S., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Pilgram-Pastor
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Arnold
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., M.B., D.J.S., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E I Piechowiak
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Gralla
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Fischer
- Department of Neurology (T.R.M., M.B., D.J.S., M.A., U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Kaesmacher
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.M., C.C.K., B.L.S., T.D., D.W., L.G., S.P.-P., E.I.P., J.G., J.K.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Mujanovic A, Brigger R, Kurmann CC, Ng F, Branca M, Dobrocky T, Meinel TR, Windecker D, Almiri W, Grunder L, Beyeler M, Seiffge DJ, Pilgram-Pastor S, Arnold M, Piechowiak EI, Campbell B, Gralla J, Fischer U, Kaesmacher J. Prediction of delayed reperfusion in patients with incomplete reperfusion following thrombectomy. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:456-466. [PMID: 37231686 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231164274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical course of patients with incomplete reperfusion after thrombectomy, defined as an expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score of 2a-2c, is heterogeneous. Patients showing delayed reperfusion (DR) have good clinical outcomes, almost comparable to patients with ad-hoc TICI3 reperfusion. We aimed to develop and internally validate a model that predicts DR occurrence in order to inform physicians about the likelihood of a benign natural disease progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Single-center registry analysis including all consecutive, study-eligible patients admitted between 02/2015 and 12/2021. Preliminary variable selection for the prediction of DR was performed using bootstrapped stepwise backward logistic regression. Interval validation was performed with bootstrapping and the final model was developed using a random forests classification algorithm. Model performance metrics are reported with discrimination, calibration, and clinical decision curves. Primary outcome was concordance statistics as a measure of goodness of fit for the occurrence of DR. RESULTS A total of 477 patients (48.8% female, mean age 74 years) were included, of whom 279 (58.5%) showed DR on 24 follow-up. The model's discriminative ability for predicting DR was adequate (C-statistics 0.79 [95% CI: 0.72-0.85]). Variables with strongest association with DR were: atrial fibrillation (aOR 2.06 [95% CI: 1.23-3.49]), Intervention-To-Follow-Up time (aOR 1.06 [95% CI: 1.03-1.10]), eTICI score (aOR 3.49 [95% CI: 2.64-4.73]), and collateral status (aOR 1.33 [95% CI: 1.06-1.68]). At a risk threshold of R = 30%, use of the prediction model could potentially reduce the number of additional attempts in one out of four patients who will have spontaneous DR, without missing any patients who do not show spontaneous DR on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The model presented here shows fair predictive accuracy for estimating chances of DR after incomplete thrombectomy. This may inform treating physicians on the chances of a favorable natural disease progression if no further reperfusion attempts are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujanovic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robin Brigger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph C Kurmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Ng
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Tomas Dobrocky
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Meinel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Windecker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William Almiri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Grunder
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Morin Beyeler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David J Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Pilgram-Pastor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eike I Piechowiak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Gralla
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Faizy TD, Broocks G, Heit JJ, Kniep H, Flottmann F, Meyer L, Sporns P, Hanning U, Kaesmacher J, Deb-Chatterji M, Vollmuth P, Lansberg MG, Albers GW, Fischer U, Wintermark M, Thomalla G, Fiehler J, Winkelmeier L. Association Between Intravenous Thrombolysis and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Unsuccessful Mechanical Reperfusion. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2310213. [PMID: 37126350 PMCID: PMC10152307 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Clinical evidence of the potential treatment benefit of intravenous thrombolysis preceding unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is scarce. Objective To determine whether intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to unsuccessful MT improves functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants Patients were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study from the prospective, observational, multicenter German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment between May 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021. This study compared IVT plus MT vs MT alone in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion in whom mechanical reperfusion was unsuccessful. Unsuccessful mechanical reperfusion was defined as failed (final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade of 0 or 1) or partial (grade 2a). Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were matched by treatment group using 1:1 propensity score matching. Interventions Mechanical thrombectomy with or without IVT. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was functional independence at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2. Safety outcomes were the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and death. Results After matching, 746 patients were compared by treatment arms (median age, 78 [IQR, 68-84] years; 438 women [58.7%]). The proportion of patients who were functionally independent at 90 days was 68 of 373 (18.2%) in the IVT plus MT and 42 of 373 (11.3%) in the MT alone group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.63 [95% CI, 1.41-5.11]; P = .003). There was a shift toward better functional outcomes on the modified Rankin Scale favoring IVT plus MT (adjusted common OR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.35-2.92]; P < .001). The treatment benefit of IVT was greater in patients with partial reperfusion compared with failed reperfusion. There was no difference in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages between treatment groups (AOR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.29-1.81]; P = .45), while the death rate was lower after IVT plus MT (AOR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.34-0.86]; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that prior IVT was safe and improved functional outcomes at 90 days. Partial reperfusion was associated with a greater treatment benefit of IVT, indicating a positive interaction between IVT and MT. These results support current guidelines that all eligible patients with stroke should receive IVT before MT and add a new perspective to the debate on noninferiority of combined stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias D Faizy
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Broocks
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Helge Kniep
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Flottmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Meyer
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Sporns
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uta Hanning
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Milani Deb-Chatterji
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Vollmuth
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maarten G Lansberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laurens Winkelmeier
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Kobeissi H, Ghozy S, Seymour TJ, Bilgin C, Liu M, Kadirvel R, Brinjikji W, Rabinstein AA, Kallmes DF. Patient characteristics associated with delayed neurological improvement following acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Interv Neuroradiol 2023:15910199221149787. [PMID: 36597678 DOI: 10.1177/15910199221149787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed neurological improvement (DNI) is a phenomenon that involves patient improvement in the absence of early neurological change following treatment for acute ischemic stroke. The patient characteristics associated with this condition are largely unexplored. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of the English language literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and Scopus. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs), mean differences (MDs), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to test the association between patient characteristics and achievement of DNI. RESULTS Seven studies, with 3266 patients, were included in our analysis. All studies reported a different definition of DNI, with five studies focusing on rates of good functional outcome at 90 days post-treatment in the absence of early neurological improvement. Use of intravenous thrombolytics was associated with increased rates of DNI (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.00; p = 0.002). Atrial fibrillation was associated with decreased rates of DNI (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.82; p < 0.001), as was hypertension (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.83, p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.90; p = 0.005). On average, patients who achieved DNI were 6.30 years younger than their non-DNI counterparts (MD -6.30, 95% CI -9.19 to -3.41; p < 0.001). There were modest associations between male sex and DNI (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.74, p = 0.042), and smoking and DNI (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.59, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS DNI is a phenomenon that is not presently well understood. Lack of uniformity among definitions of DNI hinders efforts to explore DNI and the factors associated with its occurrence. Future studies should work to establish a consensus definition of DNI to determine its causes and significance more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kobeissi
- Department of Radiology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- College of Medicine, 5649Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Radiology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Cem Bilgin
- Department of Radiology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Liu
- Department of Neurology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ramanathan Kadirvel
- Department of Radiology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - David F Kallmes
- Department of Radiology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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