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Pathan SU, Kharwar A, Ibrahim MA, Singh SB, Bajaj P. Enzymes as indispensable markers in disease diagnosis. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:485-497. [PMID: 38530222 PMCID: PMC11216522 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes have been used for disease diagnosis for many decades; however, advancements in technology like ELISA and flow cytometry-based detection have significantly increased their use and have increased the sensitivity of detection. Technological advancements in recombinant enzyme production have increased enzymatic stability, and the use of colorimetric-based and florescence-based assays has led to their increased use as biomarkers for disease detection. Enzymes like acid phosphatase, cathepsin, lactate dehydrogenase, thymidine kinase and creatine kinase are indispensable markers for diagnosing cancer, cardiovascular diseases and others. This minireview summarizes various enzymes used in disease diagnosis, their metabolic role, market value and potential as disease markers across various metabolic and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehabaz Usman Pathan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Akash Kharwar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Madaje Amir Ibrahim
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India
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2
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Elahimanesh M, Shokri N, Mahdinia E, Mohammadi P, Parvaz N, Najafi M. Differential gene expression patterns in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction and Non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3424. [PMID: 38341440 PMCID: PMC10858964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) might occur because of coronary artery stenosis. The gene biomarkers apply to the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic decisions in Myocardial Infarction. The aim of this study was to introduce, enrich and estimate timely the blood gene profiles based on the high-throughput data for the molecular distinction of STEMI and NSTEMI. The text mining data (50 genes) annotated with DisGeNET data (144 genes) were merged with the GEO gene expression data (5 datasets) using R software. Then, the STEMI and NSTEMI networks were primarily created using the STRING server, and improved using the Cytoscape software. The high-score genes were enriched using the KEGG signaling pathways and Gene Ontology (GO). Furthermore, the genes were categorized to determine the NSTEMI and STEMI gene profiles. The time cut-off points were identified statistically by monitoring the gene profiles up to 30 days after Myocardial Infarction (MI). The gene heatmaps were clearly created for the STEMI (high-fold genes 69, low-fold genes 45) and NSTEMI (high-fold genes 68, low-fold genes 36). The STEMI and NSTEMI networks suggested the high-score gene profiles. Furthermore, the gene enrichment suggested the different biological conditions for STEMI and NSTEMI. The time cut-off points for the NSTEMI (4 genes) and STEMI (13 genes) gene profiles were established up to three days after Myocardial Infarction. The study showed the different pathophysiologic conditions for STEMI and NSTEMI. Furthermore, the high-score gene profiles are suggested to measure up to 3 days after MI to distinguish the STEMI and NSTEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Elahimanesh
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mahdinia
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Mohammadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Parvaz
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yang C, Wang H, Shao M, Chu F, He Y, Chen X, Fan J, Chen J, Cai Q, Wu C. Brain-Type Glycogen Phosphorylase (PYGB) in the Pathologies of Diseases: A Systematic Review. Cells 2024; 13:289. [PMID: 38334681 PMCID: PMC10854662 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen metabolism is a form of crucial metabolic reprogramming in cells. PYGB, the brain-type glycogen phosphorylase (GP), serves as the rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen catabolism. Evidence is mounting for the association of PYGB with diverse human diseases. This review covers the advancements in PYGB research across a range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, nervous system diseases, and other diseases, providing a succinct overview of how PYGB functions as a critical factor in both physiological and pathological processes. We present the latest progress in PYGB in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases and discuss the current limitations and future prospects of this novel and promising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiting Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.C.); (J.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Haojun Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.C.); (J.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Fengyu Chu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.C.); (J.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Yuyu He
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.C.); (J.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.C.); (J.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.C.); (J.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.C.); (J.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Qianqian Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.C.); (J.F.); (J.C.)
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4
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Sun C, Li L, Liu J, Du Y, Peng Y, Xie Q. Photoelectrochemical sandwich immunoassay of brain glycogen phosphorylase based on methyl orange-sensitized TiO 2 nanorods. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:265. [PMID: 35776227 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical immunoassay of glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) was studied. A methyl orange/TiO2 nanorod heterojunction was constructed on a fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode by hydrothermal synthesis, calcination, and chemical adsorption. A sandwich immune structure consisting of GPBB as the first antibody, GPBB, and a CdS@mesoporous silica-ascorbic acid (AA)-GPBB as secondary antibody composite was constructed on each of the selected well surfaces of a 96-well microplate. By adding mercaptoethylamine to structurally destroy the secondary antibody composite and release the electron donor AA, the amplification of photocurrent, and thus the "off-on" photoelectrochemical biosensing of GPBB were realized. The use of the 96-well microplate provides good reproducibility of the assembled immune structures and eliminates the possible effect of the photogenerated hole-induced protein oxidation on the photocurrent. The relevant electrodes and materials were characterized by electrochemistry, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and BET method. Under the optimal conditions, the photocurrent was linear with the logarithm of GPBB concentration from 0.005 to 200 ng mL-1 and with a limit of detection of 1.7 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). Satisfactory results were obtained in the analysis of real serum samples. A sandwich immune structure consisting of GPBB first antibody, GPBB, and a CdS@mesoporous silica-ascorbic acid (AA)-GPBB secondary antibody composite was constructed on each of the selected well surfaces of a 96-well microplate. By adding mercaptoethylamine to structurally destroy the secondary antibody composite and release the electron donor AA, the amplification of photocurrent, and thus the "off-on" photoelectrochemical biosensing of GPBB were realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yun Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yueyi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Ghimire A, Giri S, Khanal N, Rayamajhi S, Thapa A, Bist A, Devkota S. Diagnostic accuracy of glycogen phosphorylase BB for myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24368. [PMID: 35325479 PMCID: PMC9102511 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We tried to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of glycogen phosphorylase BB as a cardiac marker for myocardial infarction. METHODS We searched through different electronic databases (PubMed, Google-scholar, Embase, and Cochrane Library) to locate relevant articles. Studies, with sufficient data to reconstruct a 2 × 2 contingency table, met our inclusion criteria were included. Three reviewers independently screened the articles. Discrepancies were resolved by other reviewers. Unpublished data were requested from the authors of the study via email. Subsequently, data extraction was done using a standardized form and quality assessment of studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. Meta-analysis was done using a bivariate model using R software. RESULTS Fourteen studies were selected for the final evaluation, which yielded the summary points: pooled sensitivity 87.77% (77.52%-93.72%, I2 = 86%), pooled specificity 88.45% (75.59%-94.99%, I2 = 88%), pooled DOR 49.37(14.53-167.72, I2 = 89%), and AUC of SROC was 0.923. The lambda value of the HSROC curve was 3.670. The Fagan plot showed that GPBB increases the pretest probability of myocardial infarction from 46% to 81% when positive, and it lowers the same probability to 12% when negative. CONCLUSION With these results, we can conclude that GPBB has modest accuracy in screening myocardial infarction, but the limitations of the study warrant further high-quality studies to confirm its usefulness in predicting myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ghimire
- Maharajgunj Medical CampusInstitute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Subarna Giri
- Maharajgunj Medical CampusInstitute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Niharika Khanal
- Maharajgunj Medical CampusInstitute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Shivani Rayamajhi
- Maharajgunj Medical CampusInstitute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Anjila Thapa
- Maharajgunj Medical CampusInstitute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Anil Bist
- Maharajgunj Medical CampusInstitute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Surya Devkota
- Department of CardiologyManmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant CenterKathmanduNepal
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6
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Costa JZ, Del Pozo J, McLean K, Inglis N, Sourd P, Bordeianu A, Thompson KD. Proteomic characterization of serum proteins from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from an outbreak with cardiomyopathy syndrome. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1697-1709. [PMID: 34224170 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS), caused by piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), is a serious challenge to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) aquaculture. Regrettably, husbandry techniques are the only tool to manage CMS outbreaks, and no prophylactic measures are available at present. Early diagnosis of CMS is therefore desirable, preferably with non-lethal diagnostic methods, such as serum biomarkers. To identify candidate biomarkers for CMS, the protein content of pools of sera (4 fish/pool) from salmon with a CMS outbreak (3 pools) and from clinically healthy salmon (3 pools) was compared using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Overall, seven proteins were uniquely identified in the sera of clinically healthy fish, while 27 proteins were unique to the sera of CMS fish. Of the latter, 24 have been associated with cardiac disease in humans. These were grouped as leakage enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase and carbonic anhydrase); host reaction proteins (acute-phase response proteins-haptoglobin, fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin and ceruloplasmin; and complement-related proteins); and regeneration/remodelling proteins (fibronectin, lumican and retinol). Clinical evaluation of the suitability of these proteins as biomarkers of CMS, either individually or as part of a panel, is a logical next step for the development of early diagnostic tools for CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Z Costa
- Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik (Edinburgh), UK
| | - Jorge Del Pozo
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin McLean
- Proteomics Facilities, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik (Edinburgh), UK
| | - Neil Inglis
- Proteomics Facilities, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik (Edinburgh), UK
| | - Philippe Sourd
- Cooke Aquaculture Scotland, Willow House, Strathclyde Business Park, Bellshill, UK
| | - Andrei Bordeianu
- Cooke Aquaculture Scotland, Willow House, Strathclyde Business Park, Bellshill, UK
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik (Edinburgh), UK
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7
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Huang J, Lei Y, Lei S, Gong X. Cardioprotective effects of corilagin on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity via P13K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in rats model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:79-86. [PMID: 34369273 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1965274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though doxorubicin (DOX) is a potential chemotherapeutic drug, its usage is restricted due to its ability to induce cardiac damage. In order to prevent this damage, a potent cardioprotective agent should be associated with DOX treatment. Corilagin is a natural polyphenol tannic acid which unveils enormous pharmacological activities predominantly as an antitumor agent. Hence, the current work is designed to study the precise mechanisms of corilagin upon administration in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in experimental rats. DOX treated rats showed diminished level of blood pressures and heart rate, whereas corilagin along with DOX treatment improved the status. Cardiotoxicity enzymes and biomarkers were found to be increased in the serum of DOX induced rats. Upon treatment, corilagin could reduce the cardiotoxicity enzymes and biomarkers in serum. Histopathological examination of cardiac tissue also revealed the anti-toxic effects of corilagin in contrast to DOX. Injection of DOX in rats showed inflammatory cells infiltration, necrosis and fragmented myofibrils. Corilagin treatment reverted the cardiac histology to near normal. Inflammatory mediators and P13K, Akt, and NF-κB were upregulated in DOX administered rats. Corilagin repressed the levels of P13K, Akt, and NF-κB in DOX induced rats. In the present investigations, corilagin improved cardiac function via reducing injury, inflammation and promoting apoptosis thereby suggesting that corilagin would be recommended for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, 725000, China
| | - Shengping Lei
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xinwen Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, 725000, China
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Giglio RV, Stoian AP, Haluzik M, Pafili K, Patti AM, Rizvi AA, Ciaccio M, Papanas N, Rizzo M. Novel molecular markers of cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166148. [PMID: 33892081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents the leading risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic hyperglycemia and/or acute post-prandial changes in blood glucose determine an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a fundamental role in endothelial dysfunction and in the nuclear transport of pro-atherogenic transcription factors that activate the "inflammasome". In addition, the glycemic alteration favors the formation and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque through the mechanism of non-enzymatic glycation of different molecules, with the establishment of the so-called "advanced glycosylation end products" (AGE). Laboratory information provided by the level of biomarkers could make a quantitative and qualitative contribution to the clinical process of screening, prediction, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of cardiovascular (CV) risk linked to diabetes. This review describes the importance of specific biomarkers, with particular focus on novel ones, for stratifying and management of diabetes CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of General Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Martin Haluzik
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kalliopi Pafili
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ali Abbas Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Chen TP, Zhang NJ, Wang HJ, Hu SG, Geng X. Knockdown of circROBO2 attenuates acute myocardial infarction through regulating the miR-1184/TRADD axis. Mol Med 2021; 27:21. [PMID: 33658002 PMCID: PMC7931513 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play key roles in cardiovascular diseases. However, the function of circROBO2 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of circROBO2 in AMI. METHODS qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression levels of circROBO2, miR-1184, and TRADD in AMI and sham-operated mouse models at mRNA and protein level, respectively. The relationship among miR-1184, circROBO2 and TRADD was evaluated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis and luciferase reporter gene analysis. The roles of circROBO2, miR-1184, and TRADD in myocardial cell apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. Ultrasound echocardiography, serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myocardial infarction area, and myocardial cell apoptosis were measured to examine the effects of circROBO2 on myocardial injury. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-1184 were significantly reduced, and the expression levels of circROBO2 and TRADD were significantly increased in MI group. CircROBO2 acted as a sponge for miR-1184 by upregulating the expression of TRADD. In addition, overexpression of miR-1184 enhanced the protective effect of knockdown of circROBO2 by partially inhibiting the expression of TRADD in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Knockdown of circROBO2 reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by increasing the expression levels of miR-1184, which in turn decreased the expression levels of TRADD in the myocardium post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China.
| | - Nai-Ju Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Hong-Ju Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Si-Gan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Xu Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
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10
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Dagonnier M, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Dewey HM, Howells DW. Acute Stroke Biomarkers: Are We There Yet? Front Neurol 2021; 12:619721. [PMID: 33633673 PMCID: PMC7902038 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.619721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Distinguishing between stroke subtypes and knowing the time of stroke onset are critical in clinical practice. Thrombolysis and thrombectomy are very effective treatments in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neuroimaging helps decide who should be treated and how they should be treated but is expensive, not always available and can have contraindications. These limitations contribute to the under use of these reperfusion therapies. Aim: An alternative approach in acute stroke diagnosis is to identify blood biomarkers which reflect the body's response to the damage caused by the different types of stroke. Specific blood biomarkers capable of differentiating ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke and mimics, identifying large vessel occlusion and capable of predicting stroke onset time would expedite diagnosis and increase eligibility for reperfusion therapies. Summary of Review: To date, measurements of candidate biomarkers have usually occurred beyond the time window for thrombolysis. Nevertheless, some candidate markers of brain tissue damage, particularly the highly abundant glial structural proteins like GFAP and S100β and the matrix protein MMP-9 offer promising results. Grouping of biomarkers in panels can offer additional specificity and sensitivity for ischemic stroke diagnosis. Unbiased “omics” approaches have great potential for biomarker identification because of greater gene, protein, and metabolite coverage but seem unlikely to be the detection methodology of choice because of their inherent cost. Conclusion: To date, despite the evolution of the techniques used in their evaluation, no individual candidate or multimarker panel has proven to have adequate performance for use in an acute clinical setting where decisions about an individual patient are being made. Timing of biomarker measurement, particularly early when decision making is most important, requires urgent and systematic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dagonnier
- Stroke Division, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Mons, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Stroke Division, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen M Dewey
- Stroke Division, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Howells
- Stroke Division, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of risk prediction is to identify high-risk patients who will benefit from further preoperative evaluation. Clinical scores and biomarkers are very well established tools for risk prediction but their accuracy remains a controversial issue. RECENT FINDINGS Current guidelines recommend one of the risk tools for preoperative cardiac risk assessment: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) calculator or Revised Cardiac Risk Index. Although not as easy to use as risk scores, risk models are more accurate and can predict individual patient risk more precisely. A step forward in risk estimation was performed by introducing new risk models developed from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP database - NSQIP surgical risk calculator and Myocardial Infarction or Cardiac Arrest index. Although biomarkers, especially in cardiac risk assessment, are already present in current European and American guidelines, this use is still controversial. Novel biomarkers: microRNAs, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein and mid-regional proadrenomedullin, can be used as new potential biomarkers in clinical practice. Also some of the experimental biomarkers have not yet been introduced into clinical practice, preliminary results are encouraging. SUMMARY Different risk indices and biomarkers might lead to varying risk estimates. However, the importance of clinical judgment in risk assessment should not be underestimated.
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Parsanathan R, Jain SK. Novel Invasive and Noninvasive Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:10-30. [PMID: 31618136 PMCID: PMC7041332 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of fatality and disability worldwide regardless of gender. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in population across different regions. According to epidemiological studies, CVD risk markers in childhood obesity are one of the significant risk factors for adulthood CVD, but have received disproportionally little attention. This review has examined the evidence for the presence of traditional cardiac biomarkers (nonspecific; lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, myoglobulin, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB, myosin light chains, ST2, and ischemia-modified albumin) and novel emerging cardiac-specific biomarkers (cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, and miRNAs). Besides, noninvasive anatomical and electrophysiological markers (carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcification, and heart rate variability) in CVDs and obesity are also discussed. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in the progression of CVD, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and adipocytokines are also outlined. These underlying prognostic risk factors predict the onset of future microvascular and macrovascular complications. The understanding of invasive and noninvasive cardiac-specific biomarkers and the risk factors may yield valuable insights into the pathophysiology and prevention of CVD in a high-risk obese population at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Parsanathan
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Sushil K. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
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Micheliolide Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice by Regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-kB Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 19:297-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yan Z, Song C, Miao G, Zhang L. Design, Synthesis, and Use of Novel Photoaffinity Probes in Measuring the Serum Concentration of Glycogen Phosphorylase. Molecules 2019; 24:E798. [PMID: 30813328 PMCID: PMC6413153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A procedure to measure the serum concentration of glycogen phosphorylase during acute myocardial infarction is presented. This method was based on the synthesis of photoaffinity probes, and used the semiquantitative protein electrophoretic mobility shift technique. Three novel photoaffinity probes bearing different secondary tags were synthesized. Their potency was evaluated in an enzyme inhibition assay against rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase a (RMGPa). The inhibitory activity of probe 1 was only 100-fold less potent than the mother compound CP-320626. The photoaffinity labeling experiments were also performed, and a protein with molecular weight (MW) of about 90⁻100 kDa, which was consistent with the MW of GP, was clearly labeled by probe 1. A semiquantitative evaluation of the GP level in serum with probe 1 was also performed. The results showed that the protein band with a MW of about 90⁻100 kDa was tagged, and the concentration of the protein in serum was found to be between 25 and 50 ng/mL. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase (GPMM) was well-preserved in the bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
| | - Youde Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
| | - Chengjun Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
| | - Guangxin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
| | - Liying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
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Di JY, Zhang ZX, Xin SJ. Glycogen Phosphorylase Isoenzyme Bb, Myoglobin and BNP in ANT-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:561-568. [PMID: 33817127 PMCID: PMC7874740 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyline (ANT) has been demonstrated as a useful treatment for leukemia and solid tumors. However, ANT has previously reported cardiotoxic effects, which can reduce the therapeutic index for cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the associations of glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB), myoglobin (Mb), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) with anthracycline (ANT-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC)) amongst the Chinese population. Patients suffering from leukemia were recruited. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were used along with chemotherapy to determine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity (E/A), E-wave deceleration time (EDT), and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT). Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was employed to examine and compare serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels. Following chemotherapy, the patients presented higher levels of serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP than before chemotherapy treatment. The levels of LVEF (%), E/A, and IVRT were significantly decreased after chemotherapy, while EDT was markedly increased. The cumulative ANT dose was positively corelated to serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels while it was negatively corelated to LVEF levels. In conclusion, serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels in combination might provide higher diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of AIC compared with other single indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yin Di
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Outpatient, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, No. 198, Hongqi Road, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jun Xin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, No. 198, Hongqi Road, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Singh N, Rathore V, Mahat RK, Rastogi P. Glycogen Phosphorylase BB: A more Sensitive and Specific Marker than Other Cardiac Markers for Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:356-360. [PMID: 30072837 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac markers are used to evaluate functions of heart. However, there are no satisfactory cardiac biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 4 h of onset of chest pain. Among novel cardiac markers, glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) is of particular interest as it is increased in the early hours after AMI. The present study was conducted with the objective to find out the sensitivity and specificity of GPBB over other cardiac markers i.e. myoglobin and CKMB in patients of AMI within 4 h after the onset of chest pain. The study includes 100 AMI patients and 100 normal healthy individuals as controls. In all the cases and controls, serum GPBB and myoglobin concentrations were measured by ELISA where as CK-MB was measured by diagnostic kit supplied by ERBA. The sensitivity and specificity of glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) were greater than CK-MB and myoglobin in patients of AMI within 4 h after the onset of chest pain. Hence, glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) can be used as additional biomarker for the early diagnosis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Gajra Raja Medical College and J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, MP India
| | - Vedika Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Gajra Raja Medical College and J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, MP India
| | - Roshan Kumar Mahat
- Department of Biochemistry, Gajra Raja Medical College and J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, MP India
| | - Puneet Rastogi
- Department of Cardiology, Gajra Raja Medical College and J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, MP India
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McCarthy FP, Doyle A, Khashan AS, Kenny LC. Altered Maternal Plasma Glycogen Phosphorylase Isoenzyme BB as a Biomarker for Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:738-47. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115616495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Division of Women’s Health, Women’s Health Academic Centre, King’s Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aisling Doyle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S. Khashan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Dobric M, Ostojic M, Giga V, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Stepanovic J, Radovanovic N, Beleslin B. Glycogen phosphorylase BB in myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 438:107-11. [PMID: 25139494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early experimental and clinical reports on glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) kinetics following myocardial ischemic injury suggested that it could be a useful diagnostic marker for early detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). After more than two decades of investigation, there is now overwhelming body of evidence that do not support the use of GPBB measurement in diagnosis of acute AMI in patients presenting with acute chest pain. Currently, GPBB cannot be recommended as a diagnostic marker of AMI either as a stand-alone test or as an addition to (high-sensitive) troponin testing. It should be noted that these considerations apply to the early diagnosis of AMI, not to the prognostic stratification, which is also suggested but it warrants further investigation. The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence of GPBB measurement in early diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Dobric
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Miodrag Ostojic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Giga
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic-Dikic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stepanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Radovanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Beleslin
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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