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Bordeerat NK, Fongsupa S, Dansethakul P, Rungpanitch U, Pidetcha P. Establishing an External Quality Assessment (EQA) Program for Urinalysis in Medical Laboratories of Thailand. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:271-275. [PMID: 38577144 PMCID: PMC10987422 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thailand Association of Clinical Biochemists (TACB) introduced External Quality Assurance schemes (EQAs) for urinalysis (UA) using urine strips in medical laboratories of Thailand. The few available External Quality Assessment (EQA) programs on urinary microalbumin rarely include an evaluation of clinical cases. The aim of the present study was to assess a descriptive analysis of biochemical urinalysis including urine microalbumin in the Thailand laboratory practice. From January 2021 to December 2021, four surveys were organized. EQA urine samples were distributed to the participants by mail. The participants measured the UA of 2 samples quarterly and returned the results together with the information about their instruments and suggestion for the performance of the laboratory report quarterly. Moreover, summary of the situation of each laboratory performance was feedbacked by online system. Fifty-eight laboratories participated in the survey. The EQA panels included positive and negative samples. The analytical results for passed parameters of urine chemical test range from 79.3-100%. All special tests; microalbumin, creatinine, and beta-HCG showed correct result from 85.1-96.1%. The overall accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were 92.6, 85.7, and 75,4%, respectively. The major issues were observed: the low sensitivity for the detection of low-concentration samples and the incapacity of several methods to detect the positive sample. The assessment is needed to continuously evaluate the improvement proficiency of laboratories in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Bordeerat
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
- Thailand Association of Clinical Biochemists (TACB), Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - S. Fongsupa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
- Thailand Association of Clinical Biochemists (TACB), Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - P. Dansethakul
- Thailand Association of Clinical Biochemists (TACB), Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - U. Rungpanitch
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Siriraj Medicine Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P. Pidetcha
- Thailand Association of Clinical Biochemists (TACB), Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
- Academic and Community Health Development Service Adviser, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
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Nonkes L, Yaz Aydın G, Van't Hof M, Demir AY. Impact of different preservation methods on urinary red blood cell counts. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:e99-e101. [PMID: 37883021 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Nonkes
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Gizem Yaz Aydın
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Van't Hof
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Y Demir
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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Löfgren L, von Euler Chelpin M, Bhat M, Althage M, Hober A, Edfors F, Ruckh T, Challis B, Davidsson P, Miliotis T. Patient-Centric Quantitative Microsampling for Accurate Determination of Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) in a Clinical Setting. J Appl Lab Med 2024; 9:329-341. [PMID: 38113397 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing and implementing new patient-centric strategies for drug trials lowers the barrier to participation for some patients by reducing the need to travel to research sites. In early chronic kidney disease (CKD) trials, albuminuria is the key measure for determining treatment effect prior to pivotal kidney outcome trials. METHODS To facilitate albuminuria sample collection outside of a clinical research site, we developed 2 quantitative microsampling methods to determine the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). Readout was performed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS For the Mitra device the within-batch precision (CV%) was 2.8% to 4.6% and the between-batch precision was 5.3% to 6.1%. Corresponding data for the Capitainer device were 4.0% to 8.6% and 6.7% to 9.0%, respectively. The storage stability at room temperature for 3 weeks was 98% to 103% for both devices. The recovery for the Mitra and Capitainer devices was 104% (SD 7.0%) and 95 (SD 7.4%), respectively. The inter-assay comparison of UACR assessment generated results that were indistinguishable regardless of microsampling technique. The accuracy based on LC-MS/MS vs analysis of neat urine using a clinical chemistry analyzer was assessed in a clinical setting, resulting in 102 ± 8.0% for the Mitra device and 95 ± 10.0% for the Capitainer device. CONCLUSIONS Both UACR microsampling measurements exhibit excellent accuracy and precision compared to a clinical chemistry analyzer using neat urine. We applied our patient-centric sampling strategy to subjects with heart failure in a clinical setting. Precise UACR measurements using quantitative microsampling at home would be beneficial in clinical drug development for kidney therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Löfgren
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne von Euler Chelpin
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Bhat
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Althage
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hober
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Systems Biology, Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edfors
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Systems Biology, Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.Sweden
| | - Tim Ruckh
- R&D Digital Health, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Challis
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Davidsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tasso Miliotis
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Xu Q, Yan R, Gui X, Song R, Wang X. Machine learning-assisted image label-free smartphone platform for rapid segmentation and robust multi-urinalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1443-1455. [PMID: 38228897 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a groundbreaking approach for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other urological disorders through an image-label-free, multi-dipstick identification method, eliminating the need for complex machinery, label libraries, or preset coordinates. Our research successfully identified reaction pads on 187 multi-dipsticks, each with 11 pads, leveraging machine learning algorithms trained on human urine data. This technique aims to surpass traditional colourimetric methods and concentration-colour curve fitting, offering more robust and precise community screening and home monitoring capabilities. The developed algorithms enhance the generalizability of machine learning models by extracting primary colours and correcting urine colours on each reaction pad. This method's cost-effectiveness and portability are significant, as it requires no additional equipment beyond a standard smartphone. The system's performance rivals professional medical equipment without auxiliary lighting or flash under regular indoor light conditions, effectively managing false positives and negatives across various categories with remarkable accuracy. In a controlled experimental setting, we found that random forest algorithms, based on a Bagging strategy and applied in the HSV colour space, showed optimal results in smartphone-assisted urinalysis. This study also introduces a novel urine colour correction method, significantly improving machine learning model performance. Additionally, ISO parameters were identified as crucial factors influencing the accuracy of smartphone-based urinalysis in the absence of additional lighting or optical configurations, highlighting the potential of this technology in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Xu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongguo Yan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinrui Gui
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Sanya Central Hospital (Hainan Third People's Hospital), Sanya, China.
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Bocato MZ, Fernandes Quero R, Alexandre Weil A, Aparecida Cesila C, Adewuyi Adeyemi J, Barbosa F. A new adsorptive 3D-printed sampling device for simultaneous determination of 63 urinary organic acids by LC-MS/MS. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342185. [PMID: 38220312 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection and quantification of urinary metabolites play an important role in disease diagnosis. In most cases, urinary analyses are done with liquid urine samples, which must be quickly transported to the laboratory to avoid metabolites degradation that is associated with temperature fluctuations. Consequently, dried sampling devices have emerged to minimize analyte degradation. However, most commercial dried sampling devices are expensive, aggregate low volumes, and need better analytical sensitivity. Therefore, a new dry urine sampling device that is inexpensive, suitable for domestic sampling operation, and efficient for quantifying metabolites without requiring high-resolution instruments is proposed in the present study. RESULTS The newly designed dry urine sampling device was produced by 3D printing that efficiently determines 63 urinary organic acids using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The system's efficiency was demonstrated with analytical figures of merit, such as precision, accuracy, and stability of analytes after the sampling and storing of ordinary urine samples. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.01 to 0.42 ng mL-1. Precision and accuracy tests showed relative standard deviations of less than 15 %. The urine stability in the sampling device was high within seven days without any significant degradation of the metabolites. The method was applied to the analysis of 10 human urine samples and compared to a conventional method without the use of the sampling device. The results showed no statistically significant differences, demonstrating the method's efficiency. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed 3-D printing device was developed with fast, low-cost manufacturing features and can be manufactured with different volumetric capacities, adaptable to the needs of each user. Furthermore, it is innovative because this is the first sampling device that is effective for the simultaneous storage and preservation of several important urinary metabolites. Thus, it is anticipated that its application would contribute significantly to the identification of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Zuccherato Bocato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Reload Health Devices Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Reverson Fernandes Quero
- Reload Health Devices Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cibele Aparecida Cesila
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joseph Adewuyi Adeyemi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Panchagnula R, Amarnath SS. Osteoporosis: Investigations and Monitoring. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:70-81. [PMID: 38107808 PMCID: PMC10721590 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is characterized by microarchitectural disruption of the bone, decrease in bone mineral density, and increased skeletal fragility and risk of fracture. Osteoporosis occurs due to the decoupling of bone formation and bone resorption, with a significant increase in resorption. This review article focuses on the role of laboratory investigations in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment in patients with osteoporosis. Methods This review article collected literature from various databases using keywords such as 'Laboratory investigations', 'Osteoporosis', 'Diagnosis', 'Monitoring', and 'Bone turnover markers'. Results and Discussion Laboratory investigations, including serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and parathormone, are commonly performed tests to exclude secondary causes of osteoporosis and monitor the response to therapy. The biochemical markers of bone turnover are newly emerged tests for monitoring individual patients with osteoporosis. These markers are classified as bone formation and resorption markers, measurable in both serum and urine. The use of these markers is limited by biological and analytical variability. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and the International Osteoporosis Foundation recommend serum procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide as the bone formation marker and β-form of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTx-1/β-CrossLaps) as the marker of choice, using standardized procedures. However, in specific cases, such as patients with chronic renal disease, CTx-1 is replaced by the resorption marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, as its levels are not affected by renal excretion. Conclusion Bone turnover markers have emerged as tools for the assessment of osteoporosis, using standardized procedures, and are useful in monitoring therapy and treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Panchagnula
- ChanRe Diagnostic Laboratory, Margosa Road, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560003 India
| | - S. S. Amarnath
- Trinity Central Hospital, Swastik Circle, 139, SC Road, Seshadripuram, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560020 India
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Debunne N, Delanghe J, Raman L, Oyaert M. Urine transfer devices may impact urinary particle results: a pre-analytical study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:2186-2194. [PMID: 37340894 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Well-standardized procedures in the pre-analytical phase of urine diagnostics is of utmost importance to obtain reliable results. We investigated the effect of different urine collection methods and the associated urine transfer tubes on urine test strip and particle results. METHODS In total, 146 selected urine samples were subdivided into three different collection containers and subsequently transferred into its accompanying transfer tube (BD, Greiner, Sarstedt vacuum and Sarstedt aspiration). As reference, the original urine sample was directly measured on the analyser. Both chemical test strip analysis (Sysmex UC-3500) and fluorescence flow cytometry particle analysis (Sysmex UF-5000) were performed on all samples. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in test strip results were found between the studied transfer methods. On the contrary, transfer of urine samples to the secondary tubes affected their particle counts. Clinically significant reductions in counts of renal tubular epithelial cells and hyaline casts were observed using the BD and Greiner transfer tubes and in counts of pathological casts using the BD, Greiner and Sarstedt vacuum tubes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the use of urine transfer tubes may impact counts of fragile urine particles. Clinical laboratories need to be aware about the variation that urine collection methods can induce on urine particle counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Debunne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Raman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Ambarsari CG, Utami DAP, Tandri CC, Satari HI. Comparison of three spot proteinuria measurements for pediatric nephrotic syndrome: based on the International pediatric Nephrology Association 2022 Guidelines. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2253324. [PMID: 37724557 PMCID: PMC10512887 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2253324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) requires routine proteinuria monitoring, which is costly and affects patients' quality of life. The gold-standard 24-h urine protein (UP) measurement is challenging in children, and first-morning urine collection requires specific conditions, making it difficult in outpatient settings. Studies have reported comparability of second or random morning urine sample to the first-morning specimen. This study aimed to compare outcomes of random morning proteinuria measurements to 24-h UP and the roles of the urinary protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) and dipstick tests in pediatric NS, based on International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA) 2022 Guidelines. METHOD Twenty-four-hour and morning urine samples were collected from 92 pediatric NS patients. These were subjected to automated analyses for 24-h UP, UPCR, and semi-automated dipstick analysis. A blinded doctor performed manual dipstick analysis. RESULTS UPCR had a stronger correlation with 24-h UP than with automated and manual urine dipstick tests. UPCR had the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting no remission/relapse and high sensitivity but low specificity for complete remission. The optimal UPCR cutoff for remission was 0.44 mg/mg and for no remission/relapse was 2.08 mg/mg. Automated and manual dipstick tests demonstrated limited sensitivity but high specificity and similar AUC values for remission/relapse. CONCLUSION UPCR was sensitive and specific for diagnosing no remission/relapse and sensitive but not specific for detecting remission. Manual and automated urine dipstick tests were comparable for remission and no remission/relapse detection. This study supports the IPNA 2022 Guidelines, as 2 mg/mg was the optimal UPCR cutoff for no remission/relapse, while for remission the optimal cutoff was 0.4 mg/mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cahyani Gita Ambarsari
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Ambar Prihatining Utami
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bina Husada Hospital (Member of Mitra Keluarga), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Hindra Irawan Satari
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Aoki H, Miyazaki R, Ohama M, Murata M, Asai K, Ogata G, Einaga Y. Urine protein quantification in human urine on boron-doped diamond electrodes based on the electrochemical reaction of Coomassie brilliant blue. Analyst 2023; 148:4396-4405. [PMID: 37551933 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01000g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Urinalysis is attracting interest in personal healthcare management as part of a general move to improve quality of life. Urine contains various metabolites and the protein level in urine is an indicator of kidney function. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensing system based on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was developed for the detection of protein concentrations in human urine. BDD electrodes have the advantages of a wide electrochemical potential window and low non-specific adsorption, making them ideal for simple, rapid, and compact devices for home detection of bio-relevant substances. Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB), a dye that selectively and strongly binds to urine proteins, was found to be a redox-active indicator to show a decrease in its redox currents in relation to the concentration of protein in urine samples. Our detailed studies of BDD electrodes showed their limit of detection to be 2.57 μg mL-1 and that they have a linear response that ranges from 0 to 400 μg mL-1 in urine samples. We also investigated the detection of urine protein in different urine samples. Our results agreed with those obtained using conventional colorimetric analysis. We believe this to be the first study of electrochemical detection of urine protein in urine samples on BDD electrodes, which is of great significance to be able to obtain results with electrical signals rapidly compared to conventional colorimetric analysis. This CBB-BDD technique has the potential to assist healthcare management in the form of a rapid daily diagnostic test to judge whether a more detailed examination is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Aoki
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Risa Miyazaki
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Miho Ohama
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kai Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
- Department of Sensor Development, First Screening Co., Ltd., 1-30-14 Yoyogi, Shibuya 151-0053, Japan
| | - Genki Ogata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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Pinthanon A, Nithitarnwat C, Pintapin C, Siripanee C, Yindee J, Am-In N, Kesdangsakonwut S, Surachetpong S, Prapasarakul N. Rapid identification of canine uropathogens by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the clinical factors that correlated bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1457-1469. [PMID: 37036600 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method for bacterial diagnosis, rapid urine sample preparation can reduce time relapsing of diagnosis and improve discriminatory power in coinfection cases. We aimed to evaluate rapid urine preparation procedures before MALDI-TOF MS application using dog clinical urine samples in comparison with standard microbiological diagnostic methods by agreement analysis. We determined the frequency and distribution of bacteria and bacterial resistance and their correlations to clinical history. Three experimental procedures comprising direct centrifugation, 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate digestion, and ultrasonic preparation were performed for method validation and sensitivity. Sterile urine containing Escherichia coli and/or Staphylococcus aureus were used as simulated samples. By ultrasonic preparation, the microorganisms could be detected 1.46-1.51 × 105 CFU, which was considered the most suitable technique. This preparation was significantly consistent with the routine method based on data from Hospital Information Systems for 50 urine samples from canine cystitis. By standard protocol, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were found in most of the 155 urine samples with cystitis. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in 25-30% of the samples. Imipenem resistance was found in 70% of Acinetobacter baumannii cases; almost all were resistant to second-generation fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. The most efficient antibiotic for treating bacterial urinary tract infection was amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. A. baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to pradofloxacin. Prolonged urine catheterization was linked to lower urinary tract infections by Enterobacter spp., which also correlated with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artitaya Pinthanon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chayanan Nithitarnwat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chadaporn Pintapin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chonradee Siripanee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jitrapa Yindee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutthee Am-In
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sawang Kesdangsakonwut
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Diagnostic and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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11
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Iezzi P, Cappellini F, Intra J, Carnicelli S, Fossati L, Basta F, Zucchetti E, Sala G, Di Pierri R, Zullo L, Cappellani A, Ippolito S, Castelli D, Cavallero A, Casati M. The diagnostic performances of the Atellica® 1500 automated urinalysis system for ruling out bacterial urinary tract infection. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117494. [PMID: 37479011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common diseases occurring in both hospitalized and community subjects. Urine culture is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of UTI, but approximately 80% are negative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the automated urinalysis system Atellica® 1500 (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) as screening tool for ruling out UTI. A total of 5,490 urine specimens from outpatients, that had simultaneous requests for urinalysis and urine culture, were evaluated. Of the 5,490 samples, 833 (15.2 %) resulted positive for urine culture. Among UTI-related parameters, bacterial count was considered the most apt to be diagnostic of subjects affected by UTI. Using a cutoff value for bacteria count equal to 180 elements/µL, Atellica® 1500 detected bacteriuria with diagnostic sensitivity (Se) of 88.1 %, diagnostic specificity (Sp) of 82.1 %, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.2 %. Comparing our results with the literature's data, we observed that our Se and NPV were lower, while our Sp was higher. Our data showed that the Atellica® 1500 system detected bacteria with satisfactory analytical performance, but the results obtained do not make it a reliable tool for excluding UTI with urinalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Iezzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cappellini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Jari Intra
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
| | - Silvia Carnicelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lidia Fossati
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Basta
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Zucchetti
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sala
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Pierri
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Zullo
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Adele Cappellani
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Ippolito
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Castelli
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cavallero
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Casati
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Yılmaz Çalık G, Şeneş M. Biological variation estimates for spot urine analytes and analyte/creatinine ratios in 33 healthy subjects. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1481-1489. [PMID: 36794468 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Urine samples are frequently used in the clinical practice. In our study, we aimed to calculate the biological variations (BV) of analytes and analyte/creatinine ratios measured in spot urine. METHODS Second-morning spot urine samples were collected from 33 (16 female, 17 male) healthy volunteers once weekly for 10 weeks and analyzed in the Roche Cobas 6,000 instrument. Statistical analyzes were performed using BioVar, an online BV calculation software. The data were evaluated in terms of normality, outliers, steady state, homogeneity of the data, and BV values were obtained by analysis of variance (ANOVA). A strict protocol was established for within-subject (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) estimates for both genders. RESULTS There was a significant difference between female/male CVI estimates of all analytes except potassium, calcium and magnesium. No difference was found in CVG estimates. When the analytes that had a significant difference in CVI estimates in spot urine analytes were compared to creatinine, it was observed that the significant difference between the genders disappeared. There was no significant difference between female/male CVI and CVG estimates in all spot urine analyte/creatinine ratios. CONCLUSIONS Since the CVI estimates of analyte/creatinine ratios are lower, it would be more reasonable to use them in result reporting. Reference ranges should be used with caution, since II values of almost all parameters are between 0.6 and 1.4. The CVI detection power of our study is 1, which is the highest value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Yılmaz Çalık
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Şeneş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
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13
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Delanghe J, Speeckaert M, Delanghe S, Oyaert M. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of hematuria. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1382-1387. [PMID: 37079906 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Detection of hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells in urine (hematuria) is characterized by a large number of pitfalls. Clinicians and laboratory specialists must be aware of these pitfalls since they often lead to medical overconsumption or incorrect diagnosis. Pre-analytical issues (use of vacuum tubes or urine tubes containing preservatives) can affect test results. In routine clinical laboratories, hematuria can be assayed using either chemical (test strips) or particle-counting techniques. In cases of doubtful results, Munchausen syndrome or adulteration of the urine specimen should be excluded. Pigmenturia (caused by the presence of dyes, urinary metabolites such as porphyrins and homogentisic acid, and certain drugs in the urine) can be easily confused with hematuria. The peroxidase activity (test strip) can be positively affected by the presence of non-Hb peroxidases (e.g. myoglobin, semen peroxidases, bacterial, and vegetable peroxidases). Urinary pH, haptoglobin concentration, and urine osmolality may affect specific peroxidase activity. The implementation of expert systems may be helpful in detecting preanalytical and analytical errors in the assessment of hematuria. Correcting for dilution using osmolality, density, or conductivity may be useful for heavily concentrated or diluted urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Jiwan NC, Appell CR, Keefe MS, Dunn RA, Luk HY, Sekiguchi Y. Storing urine samples with moisture preserves urine hydration marker stability up to 21 days. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:1413-1419. [PMID: 37016197 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess hydration status, hydration markers [urine color, osmolality, and urine-specific gravity (USG)] are used. Urine color, osmolality, and USG have shown to be stable for 7, 7, and 3 days, respectively, at 4 °C. However, refrigeration could produce a dry environment which enhances evaporation and potentially affects urine hydration markers. PURPOSE To examine the effect of duration and moisture on urine markers with refrigeration. METHODS 24 participants provided urine samples between 9 and 10 AM. Urine color, osmolality, and USG were analyzed within 2 h (baseline). Then, each urine sample was divided into two urine cups and placed in a storage container with (moisture condition) and without (no moisture condition) water bath at 3 °C. Hydration markers were analyzed at day 1(D1), D2, D7, D10, D14, and D21. A two-way ANOVA (time x condition) and repeated-measures ANOVA on time were performed to examine differences. RESULTS No significant (p > 0.05) condition x time effect was observed for urine color (p = 0.363), urine osmolality (p = 0.358), and USG (p = 0.248). When urine samples were stored in moisture condition, urine color (p = 0.126) and osmolality (p = 0.053) were stable until D21, while USG was stable until D2 (p = 0.394). CONCLUSION When assessing hydration status, it appears that the urine color and osmolality were stable for 21 days, while USG was stable for 2 days when stored with moisture at 3 °C. Our results provide guidelines for practitioners regarding urine storage duration and conditions when urine cannot be analyzed immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel C Jiwan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, 3204 Main St., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Casey R Appell
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, 3204 Main St., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Marcos S Keefe
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ryan A Dunn
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hui-Ying Luk
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, 3204 Main St., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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15
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Koenig MR, Wesselink AK, Kuriyama AS, Chaiyasarikul A, Hatch EE, Wise LA. Feasibility of mail-based biospecimen collection in an online preconception cohort study. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2023; 4:1052231. [PMID: 36699143 PMCID: PMC9869415 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.1052231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prospective cohort studies that enroll participants before conception are crucial for deepening scientific understanding of how the preconception environment influences reproductive outcomes. While web-based research methods provide efficient and effective strategies to collect questionnaire-based data, few of these studies incorporate biospecimen collection, which can enhance the validity of exposure assessment. There is limited literature on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of collecting biospecimens in web-based preconception cohort studies. Methods We evaluated the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of in-clinic and mail-based biospecimen collection in Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a North American web-based preconception cohort study. Both members of the couple were eligible to participate if their conception attempt time was ≤3 months at enrollment. We invited study participants from the Boston, MA and Detroit, MI metropolitan areas to attend a study visit and provide urine and blood (hereafter "in-clinic protocol"). We invited all other participants to complete mail-based collection of urine and blood spots (hereafter "mail-based protocol"). We compared overall consent and protocol completion rates, demographic characteristics of those who consented and completed either of the protocols, and costs between mail-based and in-clinic protocols for biospecimen collection. Finally, we described logistical challenges pertaining to reliance on mail-based delivery of time-sensitive biospecimens compared with in-clinic methods. Results During January 2022-July 2022, 69% of female participants (134/195) and 42% of male participants (31/74) consented to participate in the mail-based protocol. Consent rates for the in-clinic protocol were 39% for female participants (289/739 during March 2014-July 2022) and 25% for male participants (40/157 during March 2017-July 2022). Participants who consented to participate were generally of higher socioeconomic position than non-participants. Deviations from the protocol occurred more frequently within the mail-based protocol but were easily corrected. The cost per participant enrolled was similar across protocols (mail-based: $276.14 vs. in-clinic: $270.38). Conclusions Our results indicate that mail-based collection of biospecimens may create opportunities to recruit a larger and more geographically diverse participant population at a comparable cost-per-participant enrolled to in-clinic methods.
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Barriga SA, Peñ SI, Caballero SC, Gracia MI, del Villar JL, Escobar-Ch JJ, Rivera M, Macias L, Garcia H, Vargas-Est D. Effect of Tributyrin Supplementation on Glucose Levels, Liver and Kidney Integrity in an Experimental Model of Diabetes Mellitus. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1387.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Oyaert M, Maghari S, Speeckaert M, Delanghe J. Improving clinical performance of urine sediment analysis by implementation of intelligent verification criteria. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1772-1779. [PMID: 36069776 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Urinary test strip and sediment analysis integrated with intelligent verification criteria can help to select samples that need manual review. This study aimed to evaluate the improvement in the diagnostic performance of combined urinary test strip and urinary sediment analysis using intelligent verification criteria on the latest generation automated test strip and urinary fluoresce flow cytometry (UFFC) analysers. METHODS Urine test strip and sediment analysis were performed using the Sysmex UC-3500 and UF-5000 (Kobe, Japan) on 828 urinary samples at the clinical laboratory of the Ghent University Hospital. The results were compared to manual microscopy using phase-contrast microscopy as a reference. After the application of the intelligent verification criteria, we determined whether the diagnostic performance of urine sediment analysis could be improved. RESULTS Application of intelligent verification criteria resulted in an increase in specificity from 88.5 to 96.8% and from 88.2 to 94.9% for red blood cells and white blood cells, respectively. Implementing review rules for renal tubular epithelial cells and pathological casts increased the specificity from 66.7 to 74.2% and from 96.2 to 100.0%, respectively; and improved the diagnostic performance of urinary crystals and atypical cells. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of review rules improved the diagnostic performance of UFFC, thereby increasing the reliability and quality of urine sediment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sena Maghari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Paterson E, Blenkiron C, Danielson K, Henry C. Recommendations for extracellular vesicle miRNA biomarker research in the endometrial cancer context. Transl Oncol 2022; 23:101478. [PMID: 35820359 PMCID: PMC9284453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developed world, and concerningly incidence is rising, particularly in younger people. Therefore, there is increased interest in novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles present in bodily fluids that have the potential to facilitate non-invasive, early diagnosis of EC and could aid with monitoring of recurrence and treatment response. EV cargo provides molecular insight into the tumor, with the lipid bilayer providing stability for RNA species usually prone to degradation. miRNAs have recently become a focus for EV biomarker research due to their ability to regulate cancer related pathways and influence cancer development and progression. This review evaluates the current literature on EV miRNA biomarkers with a focus on EC, and discusses the challenges facing this research. This review finally highlights areas of focus for EV miRNA biomarker research going forward, such as standardization of normalization approaches, sample storage and processing, extensive reporting of methodologies and moving away from single miRNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Paterson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kirsty Danielson
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire Henry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Current Trends and Challenges in Point-of-care Urinalysis of Biomarkers in Trace Amounts. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Caira S, Picariello G, Renzone G, Arena S, Troise AD, De Pascale S, Ciaravolo V, Pinto G, Addeo F, Scaloni A. Recent developments in peptidomics for the quali-quantitative analysis of food-derived peptides in human body fluids and tissues. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bal C, Topcuoğlu C, Rıfat Balık A, Yılmaz FM, Erel Ö, Yılmaz G. The effect of acid use as a preservative on the results of biochemical tests measured in 24-h urine. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2022; 82:329-333. [PMID: 35791842 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2092899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four-hour urine measurements play a crucial role in the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of various diseases. There are different approaches to the collection of urine in patients who need to collect multiple urine samples at a time, especially in hospitals with heavy workloads. In this study, we compared the sodium, potassium, chloride, amylase, calcium, creatinine, phosphorus, microalbumin, protein, magnesium, urea, uric acid, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, metanephrine, normetanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid results of 24-h urine samples analyzed immediately without acid addition, which we accepted as the reference and baseline measurement, with the results of the samples analyzed after waiting for 24 h without acid addition, analyzed immediately with acid addition and analyzed after waiting for 24 h with acid addition. Chloride, microalbumin, amylase and protein tests, which are recommended to be measured in the sample without preservatives, are affected by acid addition. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, which are the tests recommended to be measured in acid-added urine are degraded in the samples without acid, and the levels of metanephrine and normetanephrine were not significantly degraded in the absence of preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Bal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Topcuoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Rıfat Balık
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Meriç Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Bender BF, Johnson NJ, Berry JA, Frazier KM, Bender MB. Automated Urinal-Based Specific Gravity Measurement Device for Real-Time Hydration Monitoring in Male Athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:921418. [PMID: 35784803 PMCID: PMC9243503 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.921418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic hydration status is important for athlete safety and performance and is frequently measured by sports scientists and performance staff in team environments via urinalysis. However, the time required for urine collection, staff testing, and reporting often delays immediate reporting and personalized nutrition insight in situations of acute hydration management before training or competition. Furthermore, the burdensome urine collection and testing process often renders chronic hydration monitoring sporadic or non-existent in real-world settings. An automated urinalysis device (InFlow) was developed to measure specific gravity, an index of hydration status, in real-time during urination. The device was strongly correlated to optical refractometry with a mean absolute error of 0.0029 (±0.0021). Our results show this device provides a novel and useful approach for real-time hydration status via urinalysis for male athletes in team environments with high testing frequency demands.
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Zhang M, Cui X, Li N. Smartphone-based mobile biosensors for the point-of-care testing of human metabolites. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100254. [PMID: 35469257 PMCID: PMC9034388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid, accurate, portable and quantitative profiling of metabolic biomarkers is of great importance for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The recent development in the optical and electric biosensors based on the smartphone is promising for profiling of metabolites with advantages of rapid, reliability, accuracy, low-cost and multi-analytes analysis capability. In this review, we introduced the optical biosensing platforms including colorimetric, fluorescent and chemiluminescent sensing, and electrochemical biosensing platforms including wired and wireless communication. Challenges and future perspectives desired for reliable, accurate, cost-effective, and multi-functions smartphone-based biosensing systems were also discussed. We envision that such smartphone-based biosensing platforms will allow daily and comprehensive metabolites monitoring in the future, thus unlocking the potential to transform clinical diagnostics into non-clinical self-testing. We also believed that this progress report will encourage future research to develop advanced, integrated and multi-functional smartphone-based Point-of-Care testing (POCT) biosensors for the monitoring and diagnosis as well as personalized treatments of a spectrum of metabolic-disorder related diseases.
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Hoenig MP, Mena JD, Lecker SH. More than meets the I(ris): Use of manual urine microscopy to complement automated findings in acute kidney injury. Pract Lab Med 2022; 29:e00267. [PMID: 35198717 PMCID: PMC8844609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2022.e00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of patients with acute kidney injury requires comprehensive assessment that includes a urinalysis, which features both semi-quantitative assessment with a urine dipstick and urine microscopy. This process is labor intensive for clinical laboratories, and availability of excellent automated instruments for urinalysis has prompted utilization and acceptance of this strategy by both by laboratories and clinicians. Recently, however, interest in provider performed microscopy has enjoyed a renaissance thanks to both improved microscopy techniques and the endorsement from social media in nephrology. Here, we present two cases of acute kidney injury in which manual microscopy added valuable information to the automated microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie P. Hoenig
- Corresponding author. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 171 Pilgrim Road, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
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Ortega-Lamaignere M, Bourahel Y, Puerta MJ, Leiva-Salinas P, Flores E, Salinas M. Sample for urianalysis, a challenge in Primary Care. ENFERMERIA CLINICA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 31:328-329. [PMID: 34565504 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yucef Bourahel
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Puerta
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Salinas
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain.
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Delanghe JR, Oyaert M, Speeckaert MM. Helen Free (1923–2021) and her lasting legacy. Clin Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garbicz D, Pilžys T, Wiśniowski I, Grzesiuk M, Cylke R, Kosieradzki M, Grzesiuk E, Piwowarski J, Marcinkowski M, Lisik W. Replacing centrifugation with mixing in urine analysis enriches protein pool in the urine samples. Anal Biochem 2021; 628:114284. [PMID: 34111418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Urine is the basic diagnostic material, easy to collect, not requiring invasive approach. During standard procedure the urine samples are centrifuged and the supernatant analysed physically, biochemically, and microscopically. The centrifugation step removes proteins including those forming aggregates especially in the state of illness and after transplantation. Here, we analysed the effect of urine centrifuging on specific protein content in urine samples obtained from cardiovascular patients (CVD) and after kidney or liver transplantation. We tested homogeneous whole urine samples, standardly centrifuge one, and the pellet after centrifuging. Protein content was examined using Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry (MS) of samples from CVD patients or the one after transplantation. The average of 21% proteins from non-centrifuged samples were found in the pellet removed after standard centrifugation. MS analysis confirmed that diagnostically important proteins were located there in. In 90% of cases whole urine samples contained more proteins than standard supernatant, among them e.g. proteins involved in immunological response like immunoglobulins and complement compounds secreted by leucocytes. Replacing centrifuging with intensive mixing of urine samples provides a method of enriching the samples with proteins removed during standard procedure, thus increasing possibility of finding new biomarkers for diseases undiagnosable with classic urine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomaš Pilžys
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Wiśniowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Poland
| | - Radosław Cylke
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kosieradzki
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Piwowarski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Marcinkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Lisik
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Mohanna AT, Alshamrani KM, SaemAldahar MA, Kidwai AO, Kaneetah AH, Khan MA, Mazraani N. The Sensitivity and Specificity of White Blood Cells and Nitrite in Dipstick Urinalysis in Association With Urine Culture in Detecting Infection in Adults From October 2016 to October 2019 at King Abdulaziz Medical City. Cureus 2021; 13:e15436. [PMID: 34249577 PMCID: PMC8253458 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common clinical presentations that exhaust the patients and confuse physicians. Some of the risk factors that contribute to UTIs are age, female gender, and diabetes. Urinalysis is used to detect abnormalities in the urine, such as the presence of leukocytes, blood, and nitrite. However, urinalysis accuracy depends on the patient and the analyzer. On the other hand, urine culture is considered gold standard for diagnosing UTI. For that, the aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of white blood cells (WBC) and nitrite in dipstick urinalysis in detecting UTI. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City on adult patients aged 19-65 years who underwent dipstick urinalysis and culture at the same visit from October 2016 to October 2019. The data were collected from the medical records from all the departments by using a data collection sheet through Best Care system. The sample was selected conveniently, and it was determined to be 359 patients with a confidence interval of 95%. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between the outcome and the results of the dipstick urinalysis and urine culture. P-value lower than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Three hundred and fifty-nine patients were included into the study with a majority of females (81.1%) with a mean age of 47.5 years. Two hundred and fifty-two patients were culture positive, WBC sensitivity and specificity were 62.7% and 100%, and nitrite sensitivity and specificity were 20.6% and 93.5%, respectively. Ninety-nine diabetic patients were culture positive; for diabetic patients, WBC sensitivity and specificity were 65.7% and 100% and nitrite sensitivity and specificity were 18.2% and 97.6%, respectively, while for non-diabetic patients, WBC sensitivity and specificity were 60.85% and 100% and nitrite sensitivity and specificity were 22.2% and 90.8%, respectively. Conclusion Our study showed that results of WBC are more sensitive and specific than those of nitrite in comparison to the gold standard (urine culture). Diabetics and non-diabetics have slightly different results. According to our results it is difficult to depend on the dipstick urinalysis without culture. More studies are recommended in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman T Mohanna
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Khalid M Alshamrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Majd A SaemAldahar
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulbari O Kidwai
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulrahman H Kaneetah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed A Khan
- Medical Education, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.,Medical Education, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nadia Mazraani
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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30
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Bacârea A, Fekete GL, Grigorescu BL, Bacârea VC. Discrepancy in results between dipstick urinalysis and urine sediment microscopy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:538. [PMID: 33815611 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of urine test automation and the large-scale application of quality management policies, the source of the most crucial errors has become the pre-analytical phase. This study is an attempt to compare the results obtained from the examination of urine strips with those obtained by microscopic examination of urinary sediment, highlighting discordant results. This observational study was conducted between February and August 2019 in a private medical laboratory in Mureş County, and 2,600 urine samples were analyzed. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value for leukocytes, nitrites and red blood cells, taking as reference the microscopic examination of urine summary screening. Urine samples were collected from patients who presented to the laboratory. The 2,600 urine samples were analyzed using strips with 10 parameters: glucose, protein, bilirubin, urobilinogen, pH, specific density, red blood cells, nitrite, and leukocytes, and then using the microscope to examine the urinary sediment. We identified a small percentage (1.92%) of inconsistencies from the 2,600 samples of urine, between urinalysis and the microscopic examination and we identified the causes. The most common discordant results were: false-negatives for nitrite (72%), followed by false-positives results for red blood cells (22%), false-negative results for leukocytes (16%), false-negative results for red blood cells (4%) and false-positives for leukocytes (4%). The study confirmed that discrepancies appear despite the proper instruction of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Bacârea
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dermatology Clinic, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Gyula László Fekete
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Clinic, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bianca Liana Grigorescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dermatology Clinic, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Vladimir Constantin Bacârea
- Department of Medical Research Methodology, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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31
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Olesti E, González-Ruiz V, Wilks MF, Boccard J, Rudaz S. Approaches in metabolomics for regulatory toxicology applications. Analyst 2021; 146:1820-1834. [PMID: 33605958 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02212h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innovative methodological approaches are needed to conduct human health and environmental risk assessments on a growing number of marketed chemicals. Metabolomics is progressively proving its value as an efficient strategy to perform toxicological evaluations of new and existing substances, and it will likely become a key tool to accelerate chemical risk assessments. However, additional guidance with widely accepted and harmonized procedures is needed before metabolomics can be routinely incorporated in decision-making for regulatory purposes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of metabolomic strategies that have been successfully employed in toxicity assessment as well as the most promising workflows in a regulatory context. First, we provide a general view of the different steps of regulatory toxicology-oriented metabolomics. Emphasis is put on three key elements: robustness of experimental design, choice of analytical platform, and use of adapted data treatment tools. Then, examples in which metabolomics supported regulatory toxicology outputs in different scenarios are reviewed, including chemical grouping, elucidation of mechanisms of toxicity, and determination of points of departure. The overall intention is to provide insights into why and how to plan and conduct metabolomic studies for regulatory toxicology purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia Olesti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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32
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Mrazek C, Lippi G, Keppel MH, Felder TK, Oberkofler H, Haschke-Becher E, Cadamuro J. Errors within the total laboratory testing process, from test selection to medical decision-making - A review of causes, consequences, surveillance and solutions. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2021; 30:020502. [PMID: 32550813 PMCID: PMC7271754 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory analyses are crucial for diagnosis, follow-up and treatment decisions. Since mistakes in every step of the total testing process may potentially affect patient safety, a broad knowledge and systematic assessment of laboratory errors is essential for future improvement. In this review, we aim to discuss the types and frequencies of potential errors in the total testing process, quality management options, as well as tentative solutions for improvement. Unlike most currently available reviews on this topic, we also include errors in test-selection, reporting and interpretation/action of test results. We believe that laboratory specialists will need to refocus on many process steps belonging to the extra-analytical phases, intensifying collaborations with clinicians and supporting test selection and interpretation. This would hopefully lead to substantial improvements in these activities, but may also bring more value to the role of laboratory specialists within the health care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Mrazek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martin H Keppel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas K Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannes Oberkofler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Janne Cadamuro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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33
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Kotru S, Klimuntowski M, Ridha H, Uddin Z, Askhar AA, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Electrochemical sensing: A prognostic tool in the fight against COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 136:116198. [PMID: 33518850 PMCID: PMC7825925 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world, despite all efforts in infection control and treatment/vaccine development. Hospitals are currently overcrowded, with health statuses of patients often being hard to gauge. Therefore, methods for determining infection severity need to be developed so that high-risk patients can be prioritized, resources can be efficiently distributed, and fatalities can be prevented. Electrochemical prognostic biosensing of various biomarkers may hold promise in solving these problems as they are low-cost and provide timely results. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and extracted the most promising biomarkers along with their most favourable electrochemical sensors. The biomarkers discussed in this paper are C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (ILs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferons (IFNs), glutamate, breath pH, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophils and D-dimer. Metabolic syndrome is also discussed as comorbidity for COVID-19 patients, as it increases infection severity and raises chances of becoming infected. Cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD), are discussed as a potential adjunct therapy for COVID-19 as their medicinal properties may be desirable in minimizing the neurodegenerative or severe inflammatory damage caused by severe COVID-19 infection. Currently, hospitals are struggling to provide adequate care; thus, point-of-care electrochemical sensor development needs to be prioritized to provide an approximate prognosis for hospital patients. During and following the immediate aftermath of the pandemic, electrochemical sensors can also be integrated into wearable and portable devices to help patients monitor recovery while returning to their daily lives. Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, these sensors will also prove useful for monitoring inflammation-based diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Kotru
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin Klimuntowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hashim Ridha
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Ali A Askhar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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34
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de Jesus JR, Arruda MAZ. Unravelling neurological disorders through metallomics-based approaches. Metallomics 2020; 12:1878-1896. [PMID: 33237082 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological process involving metals and biomolecules in the brain is essential for establishing the origin of neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. From this perspective, this critical review presents recent advances in this topic, showing possible mechanisms involving the disruption of metal homeostasis and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. We also discuss the main challenges observed in metallomics studies associated with neurological disorders, including those related to sample preparation and analyte quantification.
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35
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de Jesus JR, de Araújo Andrade T. Understanding the relationship between viral infections and trace elements from a metallomics perspective: implications for COVID-19. Metallomics 2020; 12:1912-1930. [PMID: 33295922 PMCID: PMC7928718 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic situation due to a new viral infection (COVID-19) caused by a novel virus (Sars-CoV-2). COVID-19 is today the leading cause of death from viral infections in the world. It is known that many elements play important roles in viral infections, both in virus survival, and in the activation of the host's immune system, which depends on the presence of micronutrients to maintain the integrity of its functions. In this sense, the metallome can be an important object of study for understanding viral infections. Therefore, this work presents an overview of the role of trace elements in the immune system and the state of the art in metallomics, highlighting the challenges found in studies focusing on viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemmyson Romário de Jesus
- University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Dept of Analytical Chemistry, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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36
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Bolasco P, Casula L, Contu R, Cadeddu M, Murtas S. Evaluation of Residual Kidney Function during Once-Weekly Incremental Hemodialysis. Blood Purif 2020; 50:246-253. [PMID: 33080618 DOI: 10.1159/000509790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial once-weekly administration of incremental hemodialysis to patients with residual kidney function (RKF) has recently attracted considerable interest. METHODS The aim of our study was to assess the performance of a series of different methods in measuring serum urea nitrogen and serum Cr (sCr) RKF in patients on once-weekly hemodialysis (1WHD). Evaluations were carried out by means of 24-h predialysis urine collection (Kr-24H) or 6-day inter-dialysis collection (Kr-IDI) and estimation of glomerular filtration rate based on (KrSUN + KrsCr)/2 for the purpose of identifying a simple reference calculation to be used in assessing RKF in patients on 1WHD dialysis. Ninety-five urine samples were collected from 12 1WHD patients. A solute solver urea and Cr kinetic modeling program was used to calculate residual urea and Cr clearances. Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's correlation coefficient (R), and linear determination coefficient (R2) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS 1WHD patients displayed a mean KrSUN-IDI of 4.5 ± 1.2 mL/min, while KrSUN-24H corresponded to 4.1 ± 0.9 mL/min, mean KrsCr-IDI to 9.1 ± 4.0 mL/min, and KrsCr 24H to 8.9 ± 4.2 mL/min, with a high regression between IDI and 24-h clearances (for IDI had R2 = 0.9149 and for 24H had R2 = 0.9595). A good correlation was also observed between KrSUN-24H and (KrSUN + KrsCR/2) (R2 = 0.7466, p < 0.01. DISCUSSION Urine collection over a 24-h predialysis period yielded similar results for both KrSUN and KrsCr compared to collection over a longer interdialytic interval (KrSUN + KrsCr)/2 could be applied to reliably assess RKF in patients on 1WHD. CONCLUSION The parameters evaluated are suitable for use as a routine daily method indicating the commencement and continued use of the 1WHD Incremental Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Bolasco
- Treatment Study Group of Chronic Renal Disease of Italian Society of Nephrology, Italy Official Nephrologist Consultant of Regional Health Institution of Sardinia, Cagliari, Italy,
| | - Laura Casula
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine-University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rita Contu
- Department of Hemodialysis, ASSL di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Murtas
- Department of Hemodialysis, ASSL di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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37
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Ortega-Lamaignere M, Bourahel Y, Puerta MJ, Leiva-Salinas P, Flores E, Salinas M. Sample for urianalysis, a challenge in Primary Care. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020; 31:S1130-8621(20)30444-7. [PMID: 33067114 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yucef Bourahel
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, España
| | - María José Puerta
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, España
| | | | - Emilio Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, España
| | - María Salinas
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, España; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, España.
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38
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Yadav SN, Ahmed N, Nath AJ, Mahanta D, Kalita MK. Urinalysis in dog and cat: A review. Vet World 2020; 13:2133-2141. [PMID: 33281347 PMCID: PMC7704312 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2133-2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinalysis is the examination of normal and abnormal constituents of urine. It is an easy, cheap, and vital initial diagnostic test for veterinarians. Complete urinalysis includes the examination of color, odor, turbidity, volume, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, casts, crystal, and organisms. Semi-quantitative urine analysis with urine dipsticks, as well as an automatic analyzer, provides multiple biochemical data. Contamination is almost entirely avoided if the protocols for ensuring a proper sample have been followed, as mentioned still consideration must be given to the likelihood of contamination, even if the sample is correctly obtained. Interpretation of urinalysis will be doubtful if the knowledge of the interference is limited. Well-standardized urinalysis, when correlated in the context of history, clinical findings, and other diagnostic test results, can identify both renal and non-renal disease. This paper reviews significance of different components of urinalysis of dog and cat, such as collection, storage, examination, interpretation, and common causes of error in the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - N Ahmed
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - A J Nath
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - D Mahanta
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - M K Kalita
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
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39
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Cho J, Oh KJ, Jeon BC, Lee SG, Kim JH. Comparison of five automated urine sediment analyzers with manual microscopy for accurate identification of urine sediment. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1744-1753. [PMID: 31280239 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background While the introduction of automated urine analyzers is expected to reduce the labor involved, turnaround time and potential assay variations, microscopic examination remains the "gold standard" for the analysis of urine sediments. In this study, we evaluated the analytical and diagnostic performance of five recently introduced automated urine sediment analyzers. Methods A total of 1016 samples were examined using five automated urine sediment analyzers and manual microscopy. Concordance of results from each automated analyzer and manual microscopy were evaluated. In addition, image and microscopic review rates of each system were investigated. Results The proportional bias for red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and squamous epithelial cells in the automated urine sediment analyzers were within ±20% of values obtained using the manual microscope, except in the cases of RBCs and WBCs analyzed using URiSCAN PlusScope and Iris iQ200SPRINT, respectively. The sensitivities of Roche Cobas® u 701 and Siemens UAS800 for pathologic casts (73.6% and 81.1%, respectively) and crystals (62.2% and 49.5%, respectively) were high, along with high image review rates (24.6% and 25.2%, respectively). The detection rates for crystals, casts and review rates can be changed for the Sysmex UF-5000 platform according to cut-off thresholds. Conclusions Each automated urine sediment analyzer has certain distinct features, in addition to the common advantages of reducing the burden of manual processing. Therefore, laboratory physicians are encouraged to understand these features, and to utilize each system in appropriate ways, considering clinical algorithms and laboratory workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Chan Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Guk Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Lipoarabinomannan antigenic epitope differences in tuberculosis disease subtypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13944. [PMID: 32811861 PMCID: PMC7434769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate urine test for diverse populations with active tuberculosis could be transformative for preventing TB deaths. Urinary liporabinomannan (LAM) testing has been previously restricted to HIV co-infected TB patients. In this study we evaluate urinary LAM in HIV negative, pediatric and adult, pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients. We measured 430 microbiologically confirmed pretreatment tuberculosis patients and controls from Peru, Guinea Bissau, Venezuela, Uganda and the United States using three monoclonal antibodies, MoAb1, CS35, and A194, which recognize distinct LAM epitopes, a one-sided immunoassay, and blinded cohorts. We evaluated sources of assay variability and comorbidities (HIV and diabetes). All antibodies successfully discriminated TB positive from TB negative patients. ROAUC from the average of three antibodies’ responses was 0.90; 95% CI 0.87–0.93, 90% sensitivity, 73.5% specificity (80 pg/mL). MoAb1, recognizing the 5-methylthio-d-xylofuranose(MTX)-mannose(Man) cap epitope, performed the best, was less influenced by glycosuria and identified culture positive pediatric (N = 19) and extrapulmonary (N = 24) patients with high accuracy (ROAUC 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.98, 0.90 sensitivity 0.80 specificity at 80 pg/mL; ROAUC = 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99, 96% sensitivity, 80% specificity at 82 pg/mL, respectively). The MoAb1 antibody, recognizing the MTX-Man cap epitope, is a novel analyte for active TB detection in pediatric and extrapulmonary disease.
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Jung S, Kim J. Biomarker discovery and beyond for diagnosis of bladder diseases. Bladder (San Franc) 2020; 7:e40. [PMID: 32775482 PMCID: PMC7401981 DOI: 10.14440/bladder.2020.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biosignatures of altered cellular landscapes and functions have been casually linked with pathological conditions, which imply the promise of biomarkers specific to bladder diseases, such as bladder cancer and other dysfunctions. Urinary biomarkers are particularly attractive due to costs, time, and the minimal and noninvasive efforts acquiring urine. The evolution of omics platforms and bioinformatics for analyzing the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, lipidome, metabolome, etc., have enabled us to develop more sensitive and disease-specific biomarkers. These discoveries broaden our understanding of the complex biology and pathophysiology of bladder diseases, which can ultimately be translated into the clinical setting. In this short review, we will discuss current efforts on identification of promising urinary biomarkers of bladder diseases and their roles in diagnosis and monitoring. With these considerations, we also aim to provide a prospective view of how we can further utilize these bladder biomarkers in developing ideal and smart medical devices that would be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Sola A, Mir R, Lemus L, Fariña D, Ortiz J, Golombek S. Suspected Neonatal Sepsis: Tenth Clinical Consensus of the Ibero-American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN). Neoreviews 2020; 21:e505-e534. [PMID: 32737171 DOI: 10.1542/neo.21-8-e505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Suspected neonatal sepsis is one of the most common diagnoses made in newborns (NBs), but very few NBs actually have sepsis. There is no international consensus to clearly define suspected neonatal sepsis, but each time that this suspected diagnosis is assumed, blood samples are taken, venous accesses are used to administer antibiotics, and the mother-child pair is separated, with prolonged hospital stays. X-rays, urine samples, and a lumbar puncture are sometimes taken. This is of concern, as generally <10% and no more than 25%-30% of the NBs in whom sepsis is suspected have proven neonatal sepsis. It seems easy to start antibiotics with suspicion of sepsis, but stopping them is difficult, although there is little or no support to maintain them. Unfortunately, the abuse of antibiotics in inpatient and outpatient NBs is foolish. Its negative impact on neonatal health and the economy is a public health problem of epidemiological and even epidemic proportions. This manuscript is a shortened version of the 10th Clinical Consensus of the Ibero-American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN) on suspected neonatal sepsis at the end of 2018, updated with publications from its completion to February 2020. This manuscript describes useful strategies for everyday neonatal practice when neonatal sepsis is suspected, along with important aspects about the indisputable value of clinical evaluation of the NB and about obtaining and interpreting blood cultures, urine cultures, and other cultures. Likewise, the low value of laboratory tests in suspected neonatal sepsis is demonstrated with evidence and clinical recommendations are made on the appropriate use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Sola
- Medical Director, Ibero-American Society of Neonatology, Wellington, FL
| | - Ramón Mir
- Neonatology Department Chief in Hospital de Clìnicas Universidad Nacional de Asunciòn, Paraguay
| | - Lourdes Lemus
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital de Pediatría UMAE, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara Jalisco, México
| | - Diana Fariña
- Director of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Pediatría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Ángeles del Pedregal Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Golombek
- Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
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Current Management of Urinary Tract Infection and Vesicoureteral Reflux. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:625-632. [PMID: 31828601 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-03099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the growth of a significant number of microorganisms of a single species in the urine, in the presence of symptoms. Symptoms in young children are non-specific such as fever without focus; young infants may manifest with irritability, failure to thrive, jaundice, vomiting and diarrhea. Older children usually have symptoms of cystitis or pyelonephritis. Symptoms of cystitis are dysuria, frequency, new onset incontinence and malodorous urine while symptoms of pyelonephritis are high grade fever, flank pain and vomiting. Rapid urine testing by microscopy for pus cells, dipstick testing for leukocyte esterase and nitrite, and enhanced urinalysis are supportive tests. Urine culture samples should be collected with proper technique and results interpreted for significant growth accordingly. Antibiotic therapy for 7-14 d for complicated UTI and 3-4 d for uncomplicated UTI is adequate. Further evaluation is recommended clinically for bladder-bowel dysfunction and obvious anatomical defects and by imaging for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), usually by micturating cystourethrography (MCU). Since MCU involves exposure to radiation and urethral catheterization, it is now reserved for children with parenchymal involvement or recurrent UTI. VUR is the backward flow of urine into one or both ureters. Clinical manifestations other than UTI include incidental diagnosis on antenatal ultrasonography. Reflux nephropathy, the renal scarring associated with VUR may manifest clinically as hypertension, proteinuria and renal failure. The management of VUR is primarily with antibiotic prophylaxis. Anatomical correction is indicated in case of breakthrough febrile UTI. No intervention has been shown to reduce renal scarring.
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Dospinescu VM, Tiele A, Covington JA. Sniffing Out Urinary Tract Infection-Diagnosis Based on Volatile Organic Compounds and Smell Profile. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E83. [PMID: 32717983 PMCID: PMC7460005 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current available methods for the clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) rely on a urine dipstick test or culturing of pathogens. The dipstick test is rapid (available in 1-2 min), but has a low positive predictive value, while culturing is time-consuming and delays diagnosis (24-72 h between sample collection and pathogen identification). Due to this delay, broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed immediately. The over-prescription of antibiotics should be limited, in order to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, there is a growing need for alternative diagnostic tools. This paper reviews applications of chemical-analysis instruments, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and electronic noses (eNoses) used for the diagnosis of UTI. These methods analyse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from the headspace of collected urine samples to identify the bacterial pathogen and even determine the causative agent's resistance to different antibiotics. There is great potential for these technologies to gain wide-spread and routine use in clinical settings, since the analysis can be automated, and test results can be available within minutes after sample collection. This could significantly reduce the necessity to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics and allow the faster and more effective use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Tiele
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
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Bordbar A, Vahid AN, Kashaki M. Renal function in the third year among very low birth weight infants fed by supplemental proteins. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8720. [PMID: 32782753 PMCID: PMC7385696 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants have higher nutritional needs than term infants. Energy and protein are two important factors influencing their growth. Breastfeeding is not enough to meet VLBW infants' needs, for this reason, complementary protein is required by them. Hence, the present study aimed at investigation of renal function among VLBW infants receiving complementary proteins. The study was conducted on two groups of intervention and control (n= 18 in each group) (Case study: VLBW infants born in Akbarabadi hospital of Tehran in 2014 2015). The intervention group includes 3-year-old children who weighting less than 1200 grams at birth and have received protein supplementation at the course of NICU hospitalization, protein was added to maternal milk when the amount of milk reaches to 100 cc/kg/day, at this time parenteral nutrition was discontinued and the volume of feeding was increased 20cc/kg/day until reached to 150-180cc/kg/day. We also added the fortifier to breast milk at this time. The fortification and the protein supplementation were stopped when the weight of the baby reached to 1500 grams. The control group was fed similar to the intervention group but had received no complementary protein . The renal function was evaluated by measuring such criteria as BUN, Cr, ALB and U/A. After data collection, a statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software Ver. 22. Following to BUN evaluation, a significant correlation was seen between BUN and received protein (p-value=0.010). However, there was no significant correlation between Cr and received protein as well as mean values of the two groups (p-value=0.0766). Similarly, an insignificant correlation was found between the two groups following to investigation of ALB (p-value=0/257), while the mean values of the two groups were similar. The both groups were also equal in U/A. The complementary protein increased the BUN with no effect on Cr, ALB and U/A, providing no impact on renal function. Therefore, complementary protein intake made no conflict in renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bordbar
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azade Noroozi Vahid
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Kashaki
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Oros D, Ceprnja M, Zucko J, Cindric M, Hozic A, Skrlin J, Barisic K, Melvan E, Uroic K, Kos B, Starcevic A. Identification of pathogens from native urine samples by MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:25. [PMID: 32581661 PMCID: PMC7310424 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable high-throughput microbial pathogen identification in human urine samples is crucial for patients with cystitis symptoms. Currently employed methods are time-consuming and could lead to unnecessary or inadequate antibiotic treatment. Purpose of this study was to assess the potential of mass spectrometry for uropathogen identification from a native urine sample. Methods In total, 16 urine samples having more than 105 CFU/mL were collected from clinical outpatients. These samples were analysed using standard urine culture methods, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing serving as control and here described culture-independent MALDI-TOF/TOF MS method being tested. Results Here we present advantages and disadvantages of bottom-up proteomics, using MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry, for culture-independent identification of uropathogens (e.g. directly from urine samples). The direct approach provided reliable identification of bacteria at the genus level in monobacterial samples. Taxonomic identifications obtained by proteomics were compared both to standard urine culture test used in clinics and genomic test based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Conclusions Our findings indicate that mass spectrometry has great potential as a reliable high-throughput tool for microbial pathogen identification in human urine samples. In this case, the MALDI-TOF/TOF, was used as an analytical tool for the determination of bacteria in urine samples, and the results obtained emphasize high importance of storage conditions and sample preparation method impacting reliability of MS2 data analysis. The proposed method is simple enough to be utilized in existing clinical settings and is highly suitable for suspected single organism infectious etiologies. Further research is required in order to identify pathogens in polymicrobial urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Oros
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Ceprnja
- Biochemical Laboratory, Special Hospital Agram, Polyclinic Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Cindric
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amela Hozic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Skrlin
- Department for Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infection, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karmela Barisic
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Melvan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ksenija Uroic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blazenka Kos
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Starcevic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Salazar-García S, Lares-Villaseñor E, Bárcenas-Morales A, Vargas-Morales Juan M. Impact of chemical preservative in urine samples. EJIFCC 2020; 31:56-64. [PMID: 32256289 PMCID: PMC7109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Urinalysis is one of the most important tests in the clinical laboratory. In this study we assessed the use of chemical preservative in urinalysis during preanalytical phase. Fifty first morning urine samples from medical laboratory patients were collected and stored with and without chemical preservative. Difference between medians were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test for glucose, bilirubin, ketones, specific gravity, erythrocytes, pH, proteins, nitrites, leukocytes using urine strips; and on leukocytes, erythrocytes, epithelial cells, and bacteria in the urinary sediment, at 90 minutes after sampling. Our results showed that the specific gravity and the pH values increased in samples with chemical preservative in urine strip tests. Concerning urinary sediment analysis no differences were observed in the studied parameters between samples with and without chemical preservative. We suggest that the effect on urine pH is due to the chemical nature of the substances in the preservative. Thus, we caution about the use of chemical preservatives in samples to be analyzed within short time (i.e. less than 1.5 - 2 hours) after sample collection. Avoid chemical preservatives, in this situation, could help avoid changes in the pH and specific gravity, which could eventually help in maintaining quality in the preanalytical phase of urinalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Salazar-García
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Eunice Lares-Villaseñor
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Abraham Bárcenas-Morales
- Laboratorio de Química Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Manuel Vargas-Morales Juan
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
- Laboratorio de Química Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
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Bottini PV, Garlipp CR, Lima PRM, Brito IT, Carvalho LMG. Are patients adequately informed about procedures for 24-h urine collection? Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:e32-e35. [PMID: 31352432 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Bottini
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Célia R Garlipp
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo R M Lima
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Igor T Brito
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura M G Carvalho
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Bordbar A, Vahid AN, Kashaki M. Renal function in the third year among very low birth weight infants fed by supplemental proteins. Eur J Transl Myol 2020. [DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.8720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants have higher nutritional needs than term infants. Energy and protein are two important factors influencing their growth. Breastfeeding is not enough to meet VLBW infants’ needs, for this reason, complementary protein is required by them. Hence, the present study aimed at investigation of renal function among VLBW infants receiving complementary proteins. The study was conducted on two groups of intervention and control (n= 18 in each group) (Case study: VLBW infants born in Akbarabadi hospital of Tehran in 2014 2015). The intervention group includes 3-year-old children who weighting less than 1200 grams at birth and have received protein supplementation at the course of NICU hospitalization, protein was added to maternal milk when the amount of milk reaches to 100 cc/kg/day, at this time parenteral nutrition was discontinued and the volume of feeding was increased 20cc/kg/day until reached to 150-180cc/kg/day. We also added the fortifier to breast milk at this time. The fortification and the protein supplementation were stopped when the weight of the baby reached to 1500 grams. The control group was fed similar to the intervention group but had received no complementary protein . The renal function was evaluated by measuring such criteria as BUN, Cr, ALB and U/A. After data collection, a statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software Ver. 22. Following to BUN evaluation, a significant correlation was seen between BUN and received protein (p-value=0.010). However, there was no significant correlation between Cr and received protein as well as mean values of the two groups (p-value=0.0766). Similarly, an insignificant correlation was found between the two groups following to investigation of ALB (p-value=0/257), while the mean values of the two groups were similar. The both groups were also equal in U/A. The complementary protein increased the BUN with no effect on Cr, ALB and U/A, providing no impact on renal function. Therefore, complementary protein intake made no conflict in renal function.
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50
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Lei R, Huo R, Mohan C. Current and emerging trends in point-of-care urinalysis tests. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:69-84. [PMID: 31795785 PMCID: PMC7365142 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1699063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The development of point-of-care testing (POCT) has made clinical diagnostics available, affordable, rapid, and easy to use since the 1990s.The significance of this platform rests on its potential to empower patients to monitor their own health status more frequently, in the convenience of their home, so that diseases can be diagnosed at the earliest possible time-point. Recent advances have expanded traditional formats such as qualitative or semi-quantitative dipsticks and lateral flow immunoassays to newer platforms such as microfluidics and paper-based assays where signals can be measured quantitatively using handheld devices.Areas covered: This review discusses: (1) working principles and operating mechanisms of both existing and emerging POCT platforms, (2) urine analytes measured using POCT in comparison to the laboratory or clinical 'gold standard,' and (3) limitations of existing POCT and expectations of emerging POCT in urinalysis.Expert opinion: Currently, a variety of biological samples such as urine, saliva, serum, plasma, and other fluids can be applied to POCT for quick diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. Emerging platforms will increasingly empower individuals to monitor their health status through frequent urine analysis even from their homes. The impact of these emerging technologies on healthcare is likely to be transformative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwei Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rannon Huo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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