1
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Cummine J, Ngo T, Nisbet K. Characterization of Cortical and Subcortical Structural Brain Asymmetry in Adults with and without Dyslexia. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1622. [PMID: 38137070 PMCID: PMC10741947 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple cortical (planum temporale, supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus) and subcortical (caudate, putamen, and thalamus) regions have shown different functional lateralization patterns for skilled vs. dyslexic readers. The extent to which skilled and dyslexic adult readers show differential structural lateralization remains to be seen. Method: Participants included 72 adults (N = 41 skilled; N = 31 dyslexic) who underwent a high-resolution MRI brain scan. The grey matter volume of the cortical and subcortical structures was extracted. Results: While there were clear behavioral differences between the groups, there were no differences in any of the isolated structures (i.e., either total size or asymmetry index) and limited evidence for any brain-behavior relationships. We did find a significant cortical-cortical relationship (p = 0.006) and a subcortical-subcortical relationship (p = 0.008), but not cross-over relationships. Overall, this work provides unique information on neural structures as they relate to reading in skilled and dyslexic readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Cummine
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada; (T.N.); (K.N.)
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada
| | - Tiffany Ngo
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada; (T.N.); (K.N.)
| | - Kelly Nisbet
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada; (T.N.); (K.N.)
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2
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Monaco E, Mouthon M, Britz J, Sato S, Stefanos-Yakoub I, Annoni JM, Jost LB. Embodiment of action-related language in the native and a late foreign language - An fMRI-study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 244:105312. [PMID: 37579516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Theories of embodied cognition postulate that language processing activates similar sensory-motor structures as when interacting with the environment. Only little is known about the neural substrate of embodiment in a foreign language (L2) as compared to the mother tongue (L1). In this fMRI study, we investigated embodiment of motor and non-motor action verbs in L1 and L2 including 31 late bilinguals. Half had German as L1 and French as L2, and the other half vice-versa. We collapsed across languages to avoid the confound between language and order of language acquisition. Region of interest analyses showed stronger activation in motor regions during L2 than during L1 processing, independently of the motor-relatedness of the verbs. Moreover, a stronger involvement of motor regions for motor-related as compared to non-motor-related verbs, similarly for L1 and L2, was found. Overall, the similarity between L1 and L2 embodiment seems to depend on individual and contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Mouthon
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J Britz
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Sato
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - I Stefanos-Yakoub
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J M Annoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - L B Jost
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
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3
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Clinch SP, Busse M, Griffiths J, Rosser AE, Lelos MJ. Identification of the Neural Correlates Underlying Conflict Resolution Performance Using a Rodent Analogue of the Stroop Tests. Neuroscience 2023; 524:79-88. [PMID: 37290682 PMCID: PMC10824669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Stroop test is a widely used neuropsychological test measuring attention and conflict resolution, which shows sensitivity across a range of diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. A rodent analogue of the Stroop test, the Response-Conflict task (rRCT), allows for systematic investigation of the neural systems underpinning performance in this test. Little is known about the involvement of the basal ganglia in this neural process. The aim of this study was to use the rRCT to determine whether striatal subregions are recruited during conflict resolution processing. To achieve this, rats were exposed to Congruent or Incongruent stimuli in the rRCT and the expression patterns of the immediate early gene Zif268 were analysed throughout cortical, hippocampal and basal ganglia subregions. The results confirmed the previously reported involvement of prefrontal cortical and hippocampal regions, as well as identifying a specific role for the dysgranular (but not granular) retrosplenial cortex in conflict resolution. Finally, performance accuracy correlated significantly with reduced neural activation in the dorsomedial striatum. Involvement of the basal ganglia in this neural process has not previously been reported. These data demonstrate that the cognitive process of conflict resolution requires not only prefrontal cortical regions, but also recruits the dysgranular retrosplenial cortex and the medial region of the neostriatum. These data have implications for understanding the neuroanatomical changes that underpin impaired Stroop performance in people with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Clinch
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Busse
- Centre for Clinical Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - J Griffiths
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - A E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M J Lelos
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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4
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Liu H, Guo Z, Jiang Y, Schwieter JW, Wang F. Neural circuits underlying language control and modality control in bilinguals: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 178:108430. [PMID: 36460081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human communication not only involves the need to switch between the modalities of speaking and listening, but for bilinguals, it can also involve switching between languages. It is unknown as to whether modality and language switching share underlying control mechanisms or whether one type of switching affects control processes involved in the other. The present study uses behavioral and fMRI measures to examine neural circuits of control during communicative situations that required Chinese-English bilinguals to switch between modalities and their two languages according to associated color cues. The results showed that for both language and modality control, similar brain regions were recruited during speech production and comprehension. For modality control, the specific control processes partly depended on the corresponding modality. Finally, switching between modalities appears to exert more influence on language control in production compared to comprehension. These findings offer a first detailed characterization of the neural bases involved in control mechanisms in bilingual communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China.
| | - Zibin Guo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Yishan Jiang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - John W Schwieter
- Language Acquisition, Cognition, And Multilingualism Laboratory / Bilingualism Matters @ Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fenqi Wang
- Department of Linguistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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5
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Mendez MF. Can Speaking More Than One Language Help Prevent Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:363-377. [PMID: 37545240 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurocognitive disorder that is epidemic in the elderly population. Currently, there are limited pharmacological interventions, and this has heightened the urgency to identify potential preventable or modifiable risk factors that promote resilience to the neuropathological effects of AD. The regular use of two or more languages is one such factor that may increases cognitive reserve through the long-standing executive control involved in managing multiple languages in the brain. There is also evidence that bilingualism is associated with increased brain reserve or maintenance, particularly in frontal-executive structures and networks. This review examines the current, sometimes conflicting literature on bi/multilingualism and AD. These studies have confounding variations in the assessment of age of second language onset, language proficiency, language usage, and whether determining incidence of AD or age of symptom onset. Despite these limitations, most publications support the presence of increased frontal-executive reserve that compensates for the development of AD neuropathology and, thereby, delays the emergence of clinical symptoms of dementia by about 4-5 years. Although regularly speaking more than one language does not protect against AD neuropathology, the delay in its clinical expression has a potentially significant impact on the lifelong morbidity from this age-related disease. Learning other languages may be an important modifiable factor for delaying the clinical expression of AD in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Neurology Service, Neurobehavior Unit, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Volfart A, McMahon KL, Howard D, de Zubicaray GI. Neural Correlates of Naturally Occurring Speech Errors during Picture Naming in Healthy Participants. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 35:111-127. [PMID: 36306259 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Most of our knowledge about the neuroanatomy of speech errors comes from lesion-symptom mapping studies in people with aphasia and laboratory paradigms designed to elicit primarily phonological errors in healthy adults, with comparatively little evidence from naturally occurring speech errors. In this study, we analyzed perfusion fMRI data from 24 healthy participants during a picture naming task, classifying their responses into correct and different speech error types (e.g., semantic, phonological, omission errors). Total speech errors engaged a wide set of left-lateralized frontal, parietal, and temporal regions that were almost identical to those involved during the production of correct responses. We observed significant perfusion signal decreases in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule (angular gyrus) for semantic errors compared to correct trials matched on various psycholinguistic variables. In addition, the left dorsal caudate nucleus showed a significant perfusion signal decrease for omission (i.e., anomic) errors compared with matched correct trials. Surprisingly, we did not observe any significant perfusion signal changes in brain regions proposed to be associated with monitoring mechanisms during speech production (e.g., ACC, superior temporal gyrus). Overall, our findings provide evidence for distinct neural correlates of semantic and omission error types, with anomic speech errors likely resulting from failures to initiate articulatory-motor processes rather than semantic knowledge impairments as often reported for people with aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Queensland University of Technology.,Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital
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7
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The Differences of Functional Brain Network in Processing Auditory Phonological Tasks between Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals and Mandarin Monolinguals. Brain Res 2022; 1780:147801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Branzi FM, Martin CD, Paz-Alonso PM. Task-Relevant Representations and Cognitive Control Demands Modulate Functional Connectivity from Ventral Occipito-Temporal Cortex During Object Recognition Tasks. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3068-3080. [PMID: 34918042 PMCID: PMC9290561 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The left ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOTC) supports extraction and processing of visual features. However, it has remained unclear whether left vOTC-based functional connectivity (FC) differs according to task-relevant representations (e.g., lexical, visual) and control demands imposed by the task, even when similar visual-semantic processing is required for object identification. Here, neural responses to the same set of pictures of meaningful objects were measured, while the type of task that participants had to perform (picture naming versus size-judgment task), and the level of cognitive control required by the picture naming task (high versus low interference contexts) were manipulated. Explicit retrieval of lexical representations in the picture naming task facilitated activation of lexical/phonological representations, modulating FC between left vOTC and dorsal anterior-cingulate-cortex/pre-supplementary-motor-area. This effect was not observed in the size-judgment task, which did not require explicit word-retrieval of object names. Furthermore, retrieving the very same lexical/phonological representation in the high versus low interference contexts during picture naming increased FC between left vOTC and left caudate. These findings support the proposal that vOTC functional specialization emerges from interactions with task-relevant brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Branzi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.,MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Clara D Martin
- BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian 20009, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Pedro M Paz-Alonso
- BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian 20009, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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9
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Jafari Z, Perani D, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH. Bilingual experience and intrinsic functional connectivity in adults, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1505:8-22. [PMID: 34309857 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade marked the beginning of the use of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) imaging in bilingualism studies. This paper intends to review the latest evidence of changes in RSFC in language and cognitive control networks in bilinguals during adulthood, aging, and early Alzheimer's disease, which can add to our understanding of brain functional reshaping in the context of second language (L2) acquisition. Because of high variability in bilingual experience, recent studies mostly focus on the role of the main aspects of bilingual experience (age of acquisition (AoA), language proficiency, and language usage) on intrinsic functional connectivity (FC). Existing evidence accounts for stronger FC in simultaneous rather than sequential bilinguals in language and control networks, and the modulation of the AoA impact by language proficiency and usage. Studies on older bilingual adults show stronger FC in language and frontoparietal networks and preserved FC in posterior brain regions, which can protect the brain against cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes. Altered RSFC in language and control networks subsequent to L2 training programs also is associated with improved global cognition in older adults. This review ends with a brief discussion of potential confounding factors in bilingualism research and conclusions and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniela Perani
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Bryan E Kolb
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Jacquemot C, Bachoud-Lévi AC. Striatum and language processing: Where do we stand? Cognition 2021; 213:104785. [PMID: 34059317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
More than a century ago, Broca (1861), Wernicke (1874) and Lichteim (1885) laid the foundations for the first anatomo-functional model of language, secondarily enriched by Geschwind (1967), leading to the Broca-Wernicke-Lichteim-Geschwind model. This model included the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices as well as a subcortical structure, which could be the striatum, whose nature and role have remained unclear. Although the emergence of language deficits in patients with striatal injury has challenged the cortical language models developed over the past 30 years, the integration of the striatum into language processing models remains rare. The main argument for not including the striatum in language processing is that the disorders observed in patients with striatal dysfunction may result from the striatal role in cognitive functions beyond language, and not from the impairment of language itself. Indeed, unraveling the role of the striatum and the frontal cortex, linked by the fronto-striatal pathway, is a challenge. Here, we first reviewed the studies that explored the link between striatal functions and the different levels of language (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexico-semantics). We then looked at the language models, which included the striatum, and found that none of them captured the diversity of experimental data in this area. Finally, we propose an integrative anatomo-functional model of language processing combining traditional language processing levels and some "executive" functions, known to improve the efficiency and fluidity of language: control, working memory, and attention. We argue that within this integrative model, the striatum is a central node of a verbal executive network that regulates, monitors, and controls the allocations of limited cognitive resources (verbal working memory and verbal attention), whatever the language level. This model combines data from neurology, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jacquemot
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, National Reference Center for Huntington's Disease, Neurology Department, Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier Hospital, Créteil, France.
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11
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Corticostriatal Regulation of Language Functions. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:472-494. [PMID: 33982264 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of corticostriatal circuits in language functions is unclear. In this review, we consider evidence from language learning, syntax, and controlled language production and comprehension tasks that implicate various corticostriatal circuits. Converging evidence from neuroimaging in healthy individuals, studies in populations with subcortical dysfunction, pharmacological studies, and brain stimulation suggests a domain-general regulatory role of corticostriatal systems in language operations. The role of corticostriatal systems in language operations identified in this review is likely to reflect a broader function of the striatum in responding to uncertainty and conflict which demands selection, sequencing, and cognitive control. We argue that this role is dynamic and varies depending on the degree and form of cognitive control required, which in turn will recruit particular corticostriatal circuits and components organised in a cognitive hierarchy.
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12
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Kherif F, Muller S. Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments: A Theoretical Framework for Function-to-structure Mapping in Clinics. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:800-811. [PMID: 32116193 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200302111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, neuroscientists and clinicians have collected a considerable amount of data and drastically increased our knowledge about the mapping of language in the brain. The emerging picture from the accumulated knowledge is that there are complex and combinatorial relationships between language functions and anatomical brain regions. Understanding the underlying principles of this complex mapping is of paramount importance for the identification of the brain signature of language and Neuro-Clinical signatures that explain language impairments and predict language recovery after stroke. We review recent attempts to addresses this question of language-brain mapping. We introduce the different concepts of mapping (from diffeomorphic one-to-one mapping to many-to-many mapping). We build those different forms of mapping to derive a theoretical framework where the current principles of brain architectures including redundancy, degeneracy, pluri-potentiality and bow-tie network are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Muller
- 1Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Hadaya L, Nosarti C. The neurobiological correlates of cognitive outcomes in adolescence and adulthood following very preterm birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 25:101117. [PMID: 32451305 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Very preterm birth (<33 weeks of gestation) has been associated with alterations in structural and functional brain development in regions that are believed to underlie a variety of cognitive processes. While such alterations have been often studied in the context of cognitive vulnerability, early disruption to programmed developmental processes may also lead to neuroplastic and functional adaptations, which support cognitive performance. In this review, we will focus on executive function and intelligence as the main cognitive outcomes following very preterm birth in adolescence and adulthood in relation to their structural and functional neurobiological correlates. The neuroimaging modalities we review provide quantitative assessments of brain morphology, white matter macro and micro-structure, structural and functional connectivity and haemodynamic responses associated with specific cognitive operations. Identifying the neurobiological underpinning of the long-term sequelae associated with very preterm birth may guide the development and implementation of targeted neurobehaviourally-informed interventions for those at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Hadaya
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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14
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Filippi R, Periche Tomas E, Papageorgiou A, Bright P. A role for the cerebellum in the control of verbal interference: Comparison of bilingual and monolingual adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231288. [PMID: 32315339 PMCID: PMC7173859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate brain structure sensitivity to verbal interference in a sentence interpretation task, building on previously reported evidence that those with better control of verbal interference show higher grey matter density in the posterior paravermis of the right cerebellum. We compare brain structure sensitivity to verbal interference control across two groups, English monolingual (N = 41) and multilingual (N = 46) adults. Using voxel-based morphometry, our primary goal was to identify and explore differences in regional patterns of grey matter sensitivity to performance on the sentence interpretation task, controlling for group variability in age, nonverbal reasoning and vocabulary knowledge. There was no group difference in performance but there was a significant group effect in grey matter sensitivity to task performance in our region of interest: stronger sensitivity in the paravermis in bilinguals compared to monolinguals in accuracy performance in the high (relative to low) verbal interference condition. This effect was observed when the linguistic interference was presented in an unfamiliar language (Greek) but not when presented in the familiar language (English). Our findings suggest that multilanguage acquisition mediates regional involvement within the language network, conferring enhanced functional plasticity within structures (including the paravermis) in the service of control of linguistic interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Filippi
- Institute of Education, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- MULTAC (Multilanguage and Cognition Lab), Institute of Education, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Periche Tomas
- Institute of Education, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- MULTAC (Multilanguage and Cognition Lab), Institute of Education, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andriani Papageorgiou
- Institute of Education, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- MULTAC (Multilanguage and Cognition Lab), Institute of Education, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bright
- MULTAC (Multilanguage and Cognition Lab), Institute of Education, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
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15
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Creyaufmüller M, Heim S, Habel U, Mühlhaus J. The influence of semantic associations on sentence production in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:359-372. [PMID: 30094543 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most prominent symptoms of schizophrenia is thought disorder, which manifests itself in language production difficulties. In patients with thought disorders the associations are loosened and sentence production is impaired. The determining behavioral and neural mechanisms of sentence production are still an important subject of recent research and have not yet been fully understood. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of associative relations and distractor modalities on sentence production in healthy participants and participants with schizophrenia. Therefore, reaction times and neural activation of 12 healthy subjects and 13 subjects with schizophrenia were compared in an adapted picture word interference paradigm (PWI). No significant group differences were found, neither on the behavioral nor on the neural level. On the behavioral level, for the entire group incremental sentence processing was found, i.e. processing of the second noun only starts after the first noun was processed. At the neural level, activation was discovered in the bilateral caudate nuclei and the cerebellum. Those activations could be related to response enhancement and suppression as well as to the modulation of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Creyaufmüller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany. .,AG Neuroanatomy of Language, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brand-Straße 5, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juliane Mühlhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Speech and Language Therapy, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, Germany
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16
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Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks. Neuroimage 2020; 205:116306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Hiebert NM, Lawrence MR, Ganjavi H, Watling M, Owen AM, Seergobin KN, MacDonald PA. Striatum-Mediated Deficits in Stimulus-Response Learning and Decision-Making in OCD. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 32116835 PMCID: PMC7013245 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Studies investigating symptomatology and cognitive deficits in OCD frequently implicate the striatum. The aim of this study was to explore striatum-mediated cognitive deficits in patients with OCD as they complete a stimulus-response learning task previously shown to differentially rely on the dorsal (DS) and ventral striatum (VS). We hypothesized that patients with OCD will show both impaired decision-making and learning, coupled with reduced task-relevant activity in DS and VS, respectively, compared to healthy controls. We found that patients with OCD (n = 14) exhibited decision-making deficits and learned associations slower compared to healthy age-matched controls (n = 16). Along with these behavioral deficits, OCD patients had reduced task-relevant activity in DS and VS, compared to controls. This study reveals that responses in DS and VS are altered in OCD, and sheds light on the cognitive deficits and symptoms experienced by patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nole M Hiebert
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marc R Lawrence
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hooman Ganjavi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Watling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ken N Seergobin
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Penny A MacDonald
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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18
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Won J, Alfini AJ, Weiss LR, Nyhuis CC, Spira AP, Callow DD, Carson Smith J. Caudate Volume Mediates the Interaction between Total Sleep Time and Executive Function after Acute Exercise in Healthy Older Adults. Brain Plast 2019; 5:69-82. [PMID: 31970061 PMCID: PMC6971824 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-190087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both exercise and sleep are significant lifestyle factors in cognitive aging, the interaction of these two factors with respect to cognition remains to be determined. Also, little is known regarding the role of the basal ganglia (BG) in cognitive aging despite its involvement in both sleep and executive function. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between sleep and acute exercise on executive function performance, and secondarily, to assess if BG volume mediates this interaction. Thirty healthy older adults (65.8±7.3 years) completed 30 minutes of seated rest or moderate-intensity cycling exercise on different days. Structural MRI was used to assess the volumes of BG components including caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus shortly after the experimental conditions. Approximately 90 minutes after each condition, the Stroop task was administered to measure executive function. To examine sleep, participants wore a wrist actigraph for 8.0±3.6 days prior to the first experimental session. Results revealed that while longer total sleep time (TST) was associated with shorter Stroop response time (RT), shorter TST was associated with longer RT after exercise, compared to rest, for both congruent (p = 0.029) and incongruent (p = 0.022) trials. Longer TST was correlated with greater caudate volume, and greater caudate volume was associated with exercise-related improvement in Stroop incongruent RT. Ultimately, we found that the association between longer sleep duration and faster processing speed after acute exercise was mediated by greater caudate volume. These findings suggest that TST is an important factor for acute exercise-induced cognitive improvements in older adults, and that our study is a first step in understanding the interactive effects of these important lifestyle factors in cognitive aging that might simultaneously be addressed to promote healthy cognitive aging. Future studies should examine the interactive effects of sleep and chronic exercise on cognitive function, and whether BG volume might also mediate this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alfonso J Alfini
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lauren R Weiss
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Casandra C Nyhuis
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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19
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Yabe Y, Goodale MA, MacDonald PA. Investigating the perceived timing of sensory events triggering actions in patients with Parkinson's disease and the effects of dopaminergic therapy. Cortex 2019; 115:309-323. [PMID: 30901554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated if Parkinson's disease (PD), advancing age, or exogenous dopamine therapy affect the perceived timing of past events. Here we show a phenomenon of 'temporal repulsion' of a sensory event relative to an action decision in patients with PD. In these patients, the timing of a sensory event triggering an action was perceived to have occurred earlier in time than it really did. In other words, the event appeared to be pushed away in time from the performance of the action. This finding stands in sharp contrast to the 'temporal binding' we have observed here and elsewhere (Yabe et al., 2017; Yabe & Goodale, 2015) in young healthy participants for whom the perceived onset of a sensory event triggering an action is typically delayed, as if it were pulled towards the action in time. In elderly patients, sensory events were neither repulsed nor pulled toward the action decision event. Exogenous dopamine alleviated the temporal repulsion in PD patients and normalized the temporal binding in healthy elderly controls. In contrast, dopaminergic therapy worsened temporal binding in healthy young participants. We discuss this pattern of findings, relating temporal binding processes to dopaminergic and striatal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Yabe
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan; The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, London, Ontario, Canada; Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi Business Center Bldg., Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Melvyn A Goodale
- The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Penny A MacDonald
- The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, London, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Braun M, Kronbichler M, Richlan F, Hawelka S, Hutzler F, Jacobs AM. A model-guided dissociation between subcortical and cortical contributions to word recognition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4506. [PMID: 30872701 PMCID: PMC6418272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive studies of visual word recognition have provided information about brain activity correlated with orthographic processing. Some of these studies related the orthographic neighborhood density of letter strings to the amount of hypothetical global lexical activity (GLA) in the brain as simulated by computational models of word recognition. To further investigate this issue, we used GLA of words and nonwords from the multiple read-out model of visual word recognition (MROM) and related this activity to neural correlates of orthographic processing in the brain by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Words and nonwords elicited linear effects in the cortex with increasing BOLD responses for decreasing values of GLA. In addition, words showed increasing linear BOLD responses for increasing GLA values in subcortical regions comprising the hippocampus, globus pallidus and caudate nucleus. We propose that these regions are involved in the matching of orthographic input onto representations in long-term memory. The results speak to a potential involvement of the basal ganglia in visual word recognition with globus pallidus and caudate nucleus activity potentially reflecting maintenance of orthographic input in working memory supporting the matching of the input onto stored representations by selection of appropriate lexical candidates and the inhibition of orthographically similar but non-matching candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Braun
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
- Allgemeine und Neurokognitive Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fabio Richlan
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Hawelka
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Hutzler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Arthur M Jacobs
- Allgemeine und Neurokognitive Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Activation of the language control network in bilingual visual word recognition. Cortex 2019; 111:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Esteves M, Moreira PS, Marques P, Castanho TC, Magalhães R, Amorim L, Portugal‐Nunes C, Soares JM, Coelho A, Almeida A, Santos NC, Sousa N, Leite‐Almeida H. Asymmetrical subcortical plasticity entails cognitive progression in older individuals. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12857. [PMID: 30578611 PMCID: PMC6351824 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural brain asymmetries have been associated with cognition. However, it is not known to what extent neuropsychological parameters and structural laterality covary with aging. Seventy‐five subjects drawn from a larger normal aging cohort were evaluated in terms of MRI and neuropsychological parameters at two moments (M1 and M2), 18 months apart. In this time frame, asymmetry as measured by structural laterality index (ΔLI) was stable regarding both direction and magnitude in all areas. However, a significantly higher dispersion for this variation was observed in subcortical over cortical areas. Subjects with extreme increase in rightward lateralization of the caudate revealed increased M1 to M2 Stroop interference scores, but also a worsening of general cognition (MMSE). In contrast, subjects showing extreme increase in leftward lateralization of the thalamus presented higher increase in Stroop interference scores. In conclusion, while a decline in cognitive function was observed in the entire sample, regional brain asymmetries were relatively stable. Neuropsychological trajectories were associated with laterality changes in subcortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Esteves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Pedro S. Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Teresa C. Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Liliana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Carlos Portugal‐Nunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - José M. Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Nadine C. Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
| | - Hugo Leite‐Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center – Braga Braga Portugal
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23
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Abou-Ghazaleh A, Khateb A, Nevat M. Lexical Competition between Spoken and Literary Arabic: A New Look into the Neural Basis of Diglossia Using fMRI. Neuroscience 2018; 393:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Dorsal striatum does not mediate feedback-based, stimulus-response learning: An event-related fMRI study in patients with Parkinson's disease tested on and off dopaminergic therapy. Neuroimage 2018; 185:455-470. [PMID: 30394326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning associations between stimuli and responses is essential to everyday life. Dorsal striatum (DS) has long been implicated in stimulus-response learning, though recent results challenge this contention. We have proposed that discrepant findings arise because stimulus-response learning methodology generally confounds learning and response selection processes. In 19 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 18 age-matched controls, we found that dopaminergic therapy decreased the efficiency of stimulus-response learning, with corresponding attenuation of ventral striatum (VS) activation. In contrast, exogenous dopamine improved response selection accuracy related to enhanced DS BOLD signal. Contrasts between PD patients and controls fully support these within-subject patterns. These double dissociations in terms of behaviour and neural activity related to VS and DS in PD and in response to dopaminergic therapy, strongly refute the view that DS mediates stimulus-response learning through feedback. Our findings integrate with a growing literature favouring a role for DS in decision making rather than learning, and unite two literature that have been evolving independently.
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25
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Rossi E, Newman S, Kroll JF, Diaz MT. Neural signatures of inhibitory control in bilingual spoken production. Cortex 2018; 108:50-66. [PMID: 30130633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bilinguals activate both languages when they intend to speak even one language alone (e.g., Kroll, Bobb, & Wodniekca, 2006). At the same time, they are able to select the language they intend to speak and switch back and forth between languages rapidly, with few production errors. Previous research utilizing behavioral (Linck, Kroll, & Sunderman, 2009) and neuroimaging techniques (ERPs and fMRI; Guo, Liu, Misra, & Kroll, 2011; Misra, Guo, Bobb, & Kroll, 2012) suggest that successful bilingual speech production is enabled by active inhibition of the language not in use. Results showing an asymmetric switching cost for the L1 compared to the L2 (with a larger cost -reflected in longer naming latencies-when switching from the L2 to the L1) have been taken as evidence that the L1 (usually the dominant language for bilinguals who learned their second language later in life) may need to be inhibited when speaking in the L2. However, there is still little research on the scope of this inhibitory process. The goal of this event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study is to understand how the recruitment of neural areas implicated during bilingual language processing are shaped by the scope of language use. The results show that bilinguals engage a wide functional control network that is hierarchically engaged in local control for single lexical items, but extends further to the broader semantic level, and finally to the whole language. This functional network is modulated by proficiency in the L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Rossi
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, California State Polytechnic University, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, USA; Department of Linguistics, University of Florida, USA.
| | | | - Judith F Kroll
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, USA
| | - Michele T Diaz
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, USA
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26
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Schaeverbeke J, Gabel S, Meersmans K, Bruffaerts R, Liuzzi AG, Evenepoel C, Dries E, Van Bouwel K, Sieben A, Pijnenburg Y, Peeters R, Bormans G, Van Laere K, Koole M, Dupont P, Vandenberghe R. Single-word comprehension deficits in the nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:68. [PMID: 30021613 PMCID: PMC6052568 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of patients with the nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) exhibit concomitant single-word comprehension problems, constituting a 'mixed variant' phenotype. This phenotype is rare and currently not fully characterized. The aim of this study was twofold: to assess the prevalence and nature of single-word comprehension problems in the nonfluent variant and to study multimodal imaging characteristics of atrophy, tau, and amyloid burden associated with this mixed phenotype. METHODS A consecutive memory-clinic recruited series of 20 PPA patients (12 nonfluent, five semantic, and three logopenic variants) were studied on neurolinguistic and neuropsychological domains relative to 64 cognitively intact healthy older control subjects. The neuroimaging battery included high-resolution volumetric magnetic resonance imaging processed with voxel-based morphometry, and positron emission tomography with the tau-tracer [18F]-THK5351 and amyloid-tracer [11C]-Pittsburgh Compound B. RESULTS Seven out of 12 subjects who had been classified a priori with nonfluent variant PPA showed deficits on conventional single-word comprehension tasks along with speech apraxia and agrammatism, corresponding to a mixed variant phenotype. These mixed variant cases included three females and four males, with a mean age at onset of 65 years (range 44-77 years). Object knowledge and object recognition were additionally affected, although less severely compared with the semantic variant. The mixed variant was characterized by a distributed atrophy pattern in frontal and temporoparietal regions. A more focal pattern of elevated [18F]-THK5351 binding was present in the supplementary motor area, the left premotor cortex, midbrain, and basal ganglia. This pattern was closely similar to that seen in pure nonfluent variant PPA. At the individual patient level, elevated [18F]-THK5351 binding in the supplementary motor area and premotor cortex was present in six out of seven mixed variant cases and in five and four of these cases, respectively, in the thalamus and midbrain. Amyloid biomarker positivity was present in two out of seven mixed variant cases, compared with none of the five pure nonfluent cases. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of PPA patients with speech apraxia and agrammatism also have single-word comprehension deficits. At the neurobiological level, the mixed variant shows a high degree of similarity with the pure nonfluent variant of PPA. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT, 2014-002976-10 . Registered on 13-01-2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rose Bruffaerts
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49 - box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonietta Gabriella Liuzzi
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Evenepoel
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Dries
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49 - box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Van Bouwel
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49 - box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Old Age Psychiatry Department, GGZinGeest, Van Hilligaertstraat 21, 1072 JX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Peeters
- Radiology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 30000 Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory of Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49 - box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Calabria M, Costa A, Green DW, Abutalebi J. Neural basis of bilingual language control. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1426:221-235. [PMID: 29917244 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acquiring and speaking a second language increases demand on the processes of language control for bilingual as compared to monolingual speakers. Language control for bilingual speakers involves the ability to keep the two languages separated to avoid interference and to select one language or the other in a given conversational context. This ability is what we refer with the term "bilingual language control" (BLC). It is now well established that the architecture of this complex system of language control encompasses brain networks involving cortical and subcortical structures, each responsible for different cognitive processes such as goal maintenance, conflict monitoring, interference suppression, and selective response inhibition. Furthermore, advances have been made in determining the overlap between the BLC and the nonlinguistic executive control networks, under the hypothesis that the BLC processes are just an instantiation of a more domain-general control system. Here, we review the current knowledge about the neural basis of these control systems. Results from brain imaging studies of healthy adults and on the performance of bilingual individuals with brain damage are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calabria
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Costa
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David W Green
- Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Zheng Y, Wu C, Li J, Li R, Peng H, She S, Ning Y, Li L. Schizophrenia alters intra-network functional connectivity in the caudate for detecting speech under informational speech masking conditions. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:90. [PMID: 29618332 PMCID: PMC5885301 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speech recognition under noisy "cocktail-party" environments involves multiple perceptual/cognitive processes, including target detection, selective attention, irrelevant signal inhibition, sensory/working memory, and speech production. Compared to health listeners, people with schizophrenia are more vulnerable to masking stimuli and perform worse in speech recognition under speech-on-speech masking conditions. Although the schizophrenia-related speech-recognition impairment under "cocktail-party" conditions is associated with deficits of various perceptual/cognitive processes, it is crucial to know whether the brain substrates critically underlying speech detection against informational speech masking are impaired in people with schizophrenia. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study investigated differences between people with schizophrenia (n = 19, mean age = 33 ± 10 years) and their matched healthy controls (n = 15, mean age = 30 ± 9 years) in intra-network functional connectivity (FC) specifically associated with target-speech detection under speech-on-speech-masking conditions. RESULTS The target-speech detection performance under the speech-on-speech-masking condition in participants with schizophrenia was significantly worse than that in matched healthy participants (healthy controls). Moreover, in healthy controls, but not participants with schizophrenia, the strength of intra-network FC within the bilateral caudate was positively correlated with the speech-detection performance under the speech-masking conditions. Compared to controls, patients showed altered spatial activity pattern and decreased intra-network FC in the caudate. CONCLUSIONS In people with schizophrenia, the declined speech-detection performance under speech-on-speech masking conditions is associated with reduced intra-caudate functional connectivity, which normally contributes to detecting target speech against speech masking via its functions of suppressing masking-speech signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zheng
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Chao Wu
- 0000 0004 1789 9964grid.20513.35Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Juanhua Li
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Ruikeng Li
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Hongjun Peng
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Shenglin She
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Yuping Ning
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Yang J, Ye J, Wang R, Zhou K, Wu YJ. Bilingual Contexts Modulate the Inhibitory Control Network. Front Psychol 2018; 9:395. [PMID: 29636713 PMCID: PMC5881103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated influences of language contexts on inhibitory control and the underlying neural processes. Thirty Cantonese–Mandarin–English trilingual speakers, who were highly proficient in Cantonese (L1) and Mandarin (L2), and moderately proficient in English (L3), performed a picture-naming task in three dual-language contexts (L1-L2, L2-L3, and L1-L3). After each of the three naming tasks, participants performed a flanker task, measuring contextual effects on the inhibitory control system. Behavioral results showed a typical flanker effect in the L2-L3 and L1-L3 condition, but not in the L1-L2 condition, which indicates contextual facilitation on inhibitory control performance by the L1-L2 context. Whole brain analysis of the fMRI data acquired during the flanker tasks showed more neural activations in the right prefrontal cortex and subcortical areas in the L2-L3 and L1-L3 condition on one hand as compared to the L1-L2 condition on the other hand, suggesting greater involvement of the cognitive control areas when participants were performing the flanker task in L2-L3 and L1-L3 contexts. Effective connectivity analyses displayed a cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry for inhibitory control in the trilinguals. However, contrary to the right-lateralized network in the L1-L2 condition, functional networks for inhibitory control in the L2-L3 and L1-L3 condition are less integrated and more left-lateralized. These findings provide a novel perspective for investigating the interaction between bilingualism (multilingualism) and inhibitory control by demonstrating instant behavioral effects and neural plasticity as a function of changes in global language contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Bilingual Cognition and Development Lab, Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Ye
- Bilingual Cognition and Development Lab, Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Jing Wu
- Faculty of Foreign Languages, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Canini M, Della Rosa PA, Catricalà E, Strijkers K, Branzi FM, Costa A, Abutalebi J. Semantic interference and its control: A functional neuroimaging and connectivity study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 37:4179-4196. [PMID: 27355179 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During picture naming, the ease with which humans generate words is dependent upon the context in which they are named. For instances, naming previously presented items results in facilitation. Instead, naming a picture semantically related to previous items displays persistent interference effects (i.e., cumulative semantic interference, CSI). The neural correlates of CSI are still unclear and it is a matter of debate whether semantic control, or cognitive control more in general, is necessary for the resolution of CSI. We carried out an event-related fMRI experiment to assess the neural underpinnings of the CSI effect and the involvement and nature of semantic control. Both left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and the left caudate nucleus (LCN) showed a linear increase of BOLD response positively associated with the consecutive number of presentations of semantically related pictures independently of task-load. The generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis showed that LIFG demonstrated a quantitative neural connectivity difference with the left supramarginal and angular gyri for increases of task-load and with the fusiform gyri for linear CSI increases. Furthermore, seed-to-voxel functional connectivity showed that LIFG activity coupled with different regions involved in cognitive control and lexicosemantic processing when semantic interference was elicited to a minimum or maximum degree. Our results are consistent with the lexical-competitive nature of the CSI effect, and we provide novel evidence that semantic control lies upon a more general cognitive control network (i.e., LIFG and LCN) responsible for resolving interference between competing semantically related items through connectivity with different brain areas in order to guarantee the correct response. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4179-4196, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Canini
- Faculty of Psychology, San Raffaele University & San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Martina Branzi
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Costa
- Universitat De Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona & ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Faculty of Psychology, San Raffaele University & San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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Yang XQ, Lauzon B, Seergobin KN, MacDonald PA. Dopaminergic Therapy Increases Go Timeouts in the Go/No-Go Task in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 11:642. [PMID: 29354045 PMCID: PMC5758505 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Dopaminergic medications such as L-dopa treat these motor symptoms, but can have complex effects on cognition. Impulse control is an essential cognitive function. Impulsivity is multifaceted in nature. Motor impulsivity involves the inability to withhold pre-potent, automatic, erroneous responses. In contrast, cognitive impulsivity refers to improper risk-reward assessment guiding behavior. Informed by our previous research, we anticipated that dopaminergic therapy would decrease motor impulsivity though it is well known to enhance cognitive impulsivity. We employed the Go/No-go paradigm to assess motor impulsivity in PD. Patients with PD were tested using a Go/No-go task on and off their normal dopaminergic medication. Participants completed cognitive, mood, and physiological measures. PD patients on medication had a significantly higher proportion of Go trial Timeouts (i.e., trials in which Go responses were not completed prior to a deadline of 750 ms) compared to off medication (p = 0.01). No significant ON-OFF differences were found for Go trial or No-go trial response times (RTs), or for number of No-go errors. We interpret that dopaminergic therapy induces a more conservative response set, reflected in Go trial Timeouts in PD patients. In this way, dopaminergic therapy decreased motor impulsivity in PD patients. This is in contrast to the widely recognized effects of dopaminergic therapy on cognitive impulsivity leading in some patients to impulse control disorders. Understanding the nuanced effects of dopaminergic treatment in PD on cognitive functions such as impulse control will clarify therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Q. Yang
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Lauzon
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ken N. Seergobin
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Penny A. MacDonald
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Kim HG, Moon WJ, Han J, Choi JW. Quantification of myelin in children using multiparametric quantitative MRI: a pilot study. Neuroradiology 2017; 59:1043-1051. [PMID: 28765995 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of multiparametric quantitative MRI for myelination quantification in children. METHODS We examined 22 children (age 0-14 years) with multiparametric quantitative MRI. The total volume of myelin partial volume (Msum), the percentage of Msum within the whole brain parenchyma (Mbpv), and the percentage of Msum within the intracranial volume (Micv) were obtained. Four developmental models of myelin maturation (the logarithmic, logistic, Gompertz, and modified Gompertz models) were examined to find the most representative model of the three parameters. We acquired myelin partial volume values in different brain regions and assessed the goodness of fit for the models. RESULTS The ranges of Msum, Mbpv, and Micv were 0.8-160.9 ml, 0.2-13%, and 0.0-11.6%, respectively. The Gompertz model was the best fit for the three parameters. For developmental model analysis of myelin partial volume in each brain region, the Gompertz model was the best-fit model for pons (R 2 = 74.6%), middle cerebeller peduncle (R 2 = 76.4%), putamen (R2 = 95.8%), and centrum semiovale (R 2 = 77.7%). The logistic model was the best-fit model for the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum (R 2 = 79.7-93.6%), thalamus (R 2 = 81.7%), and frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital white matter (R 2 = 92.5-96.5%). CONCLUSIONS Multiparametric quantitative MRI depicts the normal developmental pattern of myelination in children. It is a potential tool for research studies on pediatric brain development evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea
| | - Won-Jin Moon
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-914, South Korea
| | - JinJoo Han
- Office of Biostatistics, Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea
| | - Jin Wook Choi
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea.
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Hiebert NM, Owen AM, Seergobin KN, MacDonald PA. Dorsal striatum mediates deliberate decision making, not late-stage, stimulus-response learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:6133-6156. [PMID: 28945307 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated a controversy regarding the role of the dorsal striatum (DS) in deliberate decision-making versus late-stage, stimulus-response learning to the point of automatization. Participants learned to associate abstract images with right or left button presses explicitly before strengthening these associations through stimulus-response trials with (i.e., Session 1) and without (i.e., Session 2) feedback. In Session 1, trials were divided into response-selection and feedback events to separately assess decision versus learning processes. Session 3 evaluated stimulus-response automaticity using a location Stroop task. DS activity correlated with response-selection and not feedback events in Phase 1 (i.e., Blocks 1-3), Session 1. Longer response times (RTs), lower accuracy, and greater intertrial variability characterized Phase 1, suggesting deliberation. DS activity extinguished in Phase 2 (i.e., Blocks 4-12), Session 1, once RTs, response variability, and accuracy stabilized, though stimulus-response automatization continued. This was signaled by persisting improvements in RT and accuracy into Session 2. Distraction between Sessions 1 and 2 briefly reintroduced response uncertainty, and correspondingly, significant DS activity reappeared in Block 1 of Session 2 only. Once stimulus-response associations were again refamiliarized and deliberation unnecessary, DS activation disappeared for Blocks 2-8, Session 2. Interference from previously learned right or left button responses with incongruent location judgments in a location Stroop task provided evidence that automaticity of stimulus-specific button-press responses had developed by the end of Session 2. These results suggest that DS mediates decision making and not late-stage learning, reconciling two, independently evolving and well-supported literatures that implicate DS in different cognitive functions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6133-6156, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nole M Hiebert
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ken N Seergobin
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Penny A MacDonald
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada
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35
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The bilingual brain turns a blind eye to negative statements in the second language. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 16:527-40. [PMID: 26926623 PMCID: PMC4868866 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurobilingualism research has failed to reveal significant language differences in the processing of affective content. However, the evidence to date derives mostly from studies in which affective stimuli are presented out of context, which is unnatural and fails to capture the complexity of everyday sentence-based communication. Here we investigated semantic integration of affectively salient stimuli in sentential context in the first- and second-language (L2) of late fluent Polish–English bilinguals living in the UK. The 19 participants indicated whether Polish and English sentences ending with a semantically and affectively congruent or incongruent adjective of controlled affective valence made sense while undergoing behavioral and electrophysiological recordings. We focused on the N400, a wave of event-related potentials known to index semantic integration. We expected N400 amplitude to index increased processing demands in L2 English comprehension and potential language–valence interactions to reveal differences in affective processing between languages. Contrary to our initial expectation, we found increased N400 for sentences in L1 Polish, possibly driven by greater affective salience of sentences in the native language. Critically, language interacted with affective valence, such that N400 amplitudes were reduced for English sentences ending in a negative fashion as compared to all other conditions. We interpreted this as a sign that bilinguals suppress L2 content embedded in naturalistic L2 sentences when it has negative valence, thus extending the findings of previous research on single words in clinical and linguistic research.
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Wu C, Zheng Y, Li J, Wu H, She S, Liu S, Ning Y, Li L. Brain substrates underlying auditory speech priming in healthy listeners and listeners with schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2017; 47:837-852. [PMID: 27894376 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under 'cocktail party' listening conditions, healthy listeners and listeners with schizophrenia can use temporally pre-presented auditory speech-priming (ASP) stimuli to improve target-speech recognition, even though listeners with schizophrenia are more vulnerable to informational speech masking. METHOD Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study searched for both brain substrates underlying the unmasking effect of ASP in 16 healthy controls and 22 patients with schizophrenia, and brain substrates underlying schizophrenia-related speech-recognition deficits under speech-masking conditions. RESULTS In both controls and patients, introducing the ASP condition (against the auditory non-speech-priming condition) not only activated the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), but also enhanced functional connectivity of the left STG/pMTG with the left caudate. It also enhanced functional connectivity of the left STG/pMTG with the left pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (TriIFG) in controls and that with the left Rolandic operculum in patients. The strength of functional connectivity between the left STG and left TriIFG was correlated with target-speech recognition under the speech-masking condition in both controls and patients, but reduced in patients. CONCLUSIONS The left STG/pMTG and their ASP-related functional connectivity with both the left caudate and some frontal regions (the left TriIFG in healthy listeners and the left Rolandic operculum in listeners with schizophrenia) are involved in the unmasking effect of ASP, possibly through facilitating the following processes: masker-signal inhibition, target-speech encoding, and speech production. The schizophrenia-related reduction of functional connectivity between the left STG and left TriIFG augments the vulnerability of speech recognition to speech masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health,Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education),Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China
| | - J Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China
| | - H Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China
| | - S She
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China
| | - S Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health,Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education),Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
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Goldfarb EV, Froböse MI, Cools R, Phelps EA. Stress and Cognitive Flexibility: Cortisol Increases Are Associated with Enhanced Updating but Impaired Switching. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 29:14-24. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute stress has frequently been shown to impair cognitive flexibility. Most studies have examined the effect of stress on cognitive flexibility by measuring how stress changes performance in paradigms that require participants to switch between different task demands. These processes typically implicate pFC function, a region known to be impaired by stress. However, cognitive flexibility is a multifaceted construct. Another dimension of flexibility, updating to incorporate relevant information, involves the dorsal striatum. Function in this region has been shown to be enhanced by stress. Using a within-subject design, we tested whether updating flexibility in a DMS task would be enhanced by an acute stress manipulation (cold pressor task). Participants' cortisol response to stress positively correlated with a relative increase in accuracy on updating flexibility (compared with trials with no working memory interference). In contrast, in line with earlier studies, cortisol responses correlated with worse performance when switching between trials with different task demands. These results demonstrate that stress-related increases in cortisol are associated with both increases and decreases in cognitive flexibility, depending on task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roshan Cools
- 2Radboud University Nijmegen
- 3Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
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Sowman PF, Ryan M, Johnson BW, Savage G, Crain S, Harrison E, Martin E, Burianová H. Grey matter volume differences in the left caudate nucleus of people who stutter. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 164:9-15. [PMID: 27693846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cause of stuttering has many theoretical explanations. A number of research groups have suggested changes in the volume and/or function of the striatum as a causal agent. Two recent studies in children and one in adults who stutter (AWS) report differences in striatal volume compared that seen in controls; however, the laterality and nature of this anatomical volume difference is not consistent across studies. The current study investigated whether a reduction in striatal grey matter volume, comparable to that seen in children who stutter (CWS), would be found in AWS. Such a finding would support claims that an anatomical striatal anomaly plays a causal role in stuttering. We used voxel-based morphometry to examine the structure of the striatum in a group of AWS and compared it to that in a group of matched adult control subjects. Results showed a statistically significant group difference for the left caudate nucleus, with smaller mean volume in the group of AWS. The caudate nucleus, one of three main structures within the striatum, is thought to be critical for the planning and modulation of movement sequencing. The difference in striatal volume found here aligns with theoretical accounts of stuttering, which suggest it is a motor control disorder that arises from deficient articulatory movement selection and sequencing. Whilst the current study provides further evidence of a striatal volume difference in stuttering at the group level compared to controls, the significant overlap between AWS and controls suggests this difference is unlikely to be diagnostic of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Sowman
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Australia; Perception and Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
| | - Margaret Ryan
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Australia
| | - Blake W Johnson
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Australia; Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stephen Crain
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Australia; Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Harrison
- Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Erin Martin
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Hana Burianová
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Yang XQ, Glizer D, Vo A, Seergobin KN, MacDonald PA. Pramipexole Increases Go Timeouts but Not No-go Errors in Healthy Volunteers. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:523. [PMID: 27803657 PMCID: PMC5067488 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms, such as resting tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity, but also features non-motor complications. PD patients taking dopaminergic therapy, such as levodopa but especially dopamine agonists (DAs), evidence an increase in impulse control disorders (ICDs), suggesting a link between dopaminergic therapy and impulsive pursuit of pleasurable activities. However, impulsivity is a multifaceted construct. Motor impulsivity refers to the inability to overcome automatic responses or cancel pre-potent responses. Previous research has suggested that PD patients, on dopaminergic medications, have decreased motor impulsivity. Whether effects on impulsivity are main effects of dopaminergic therapies or are specific to PD is unclear. Using a Go No-go task, we investigated the effect of a single dose of the DA pramipexole on motor impulsivity in healthy participants. The Go No-go task consisted of Go trials, for which keystroke responses were made as quickly as possible, and lesser frequency No-go trials, on which motor responses were to be inhibited. We hypothesized that pramipexole would decrease motor impulsivity. This would manifest as: (a) fewer No-go errors (i.e., fewer responses on trials in which a response ought to have been inhibited); and (b) more timed-out Go trials (i.e., more trials on which the deadline elapsed before a decision to make a keystroke occurred). Healthy volunteers were treated with either 0.5 mg of pramipexole or a standard placebo (randomly determined). During the 2-h wait period, they completed demographic, cognitive, physiological and affective measures. The pramipexole group had significantly more Go timeouts (p < 0.05) compared to the placebo group though they did not differ in percent of No-go errors. In contrast to its effect on pursuit of pleasurable activities, pramipexole did not increase motor impulsivity. In fact, in line with findings in PD and addiction, dopaminergic therapy might increase motor impulse control. In these patient groups, by enhancing function of the dorsal striatum (DS) of the basal ganglia in contrast to its effect on impulsive pursuit of pleasurable activities. These findings have implications for use and effects of pramipexole in PD as well as in other conditions (e.g., restless leg, dystonia, depression, addiction-related problems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qing Yang
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Glizer
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Vo
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Ken N. Seergobin
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Penny A. MacDonald
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
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Rosell-Negre P, Bustamante JC, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Costumero V, Benabarre S, Barrós-Loscertales A. Monetary reward magnitude effects on behavior and brain function during goal-directed behavior. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1037-1049. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Coderre EL, Smith JF, van Heuven WJB, Horwitz B. The Functional Overlap of Executive Control and Language Processing in Bilinguals. BILINGUALISM (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2016; 19:471-488. [PMID: 27695385 PMCID: PMC5042330 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728915000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The need to control multiple languages is thought to require domain-general executive control (EC) in bilinguals such that the EC and language systems become interdependent. However, there has been no systematic investigation into how and where EC and language processes overlap in the bilingual brain. If the concurrent recruitment of EC during bilingual language processing is domain-general and extends to non-linguistic EC, we hypothesize that regions commonly involvement in language processing, linguistic EC, and non-linguistic EC may be selectively altered in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. A conjunction of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a flanker task with linguistic and nonlinguistic distractors and a semantic categorization task showed functional overlap in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in bilinguals, whereas no overlap occurred in monolinguals. This research therefore identifies a neural locus of functional overlap of language and EC in the bilingual brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Coderre
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, Voice, Speech and Language Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason F Smith
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, Voice, Speech and Language Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Affective and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | | | - Barry Horwitz
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, Voice, Speech and Language Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Zheng Y, Wu C, Li J, Wu H, She S, Liu S, Mao L, Ning Y, Li L. Brain substrates of perceived spatial separation between speech sources under simulated reverberant listening conditions in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2016; 46:477-491. [PMID: 26423774 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia recognize speech poorly under multiple-people-talking (informational masking) conditions. In reverberant environments, direct-wave signals from a speech source are perceptually integrated with the source reflections (the precedence effect), forming perceived spatial separation (PSS) between different sources and consequently improving target-speech recognition against informational masking. However, the brain substrates underlying the schizophrenia-related vulnerability to informational masking and whether schizophrenia affects the unmasking effect of PSS are largely unknown. METHOD Using psychoacoustic testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, the speech recognition under either the PSS or perceived spatial co-location (PSC) condition and the underlying brain substrates were examined in 20 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls. RESULTS Speech recognition was worse in patients than controls. Under the PSS (but not PSC) condition, speech recognition was correlated with activation of the superior parietal lobule (SPL), and target speech-induced activation of the SPL, precuneus, middle cingulate cortex and caudate significantly declined in patients. Moreover, the separation (PSS)-against-co-location (PSC) contrast revealed (1) activation of the SPL, precuneus and anterior cingulate cortex in controls, (2) suppression of the SPL and precuneus in patients, (3) activation of the pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus in both controls and patients, (4) activation of the medial superior frontal gyrus in patients, and (5) impaired functional connectivity of the SPL in patients. CONCLUSIONS Introducing the PSS listening condition efficiently reveals both the brain substrates underlying schizophrenia-related speech-recognition deficits against informational masking and the schizophrenia-related neural compensatory strategy for impaired SPL functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510370,People's Republic of China
| | - C Wu
- Department of Psychology,School of Life Sciences,McGovern Institute for Brain Research at PKU,Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education),Peking University,Beijing 100871,People's Republic of China
| | - J Li
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510370,People's Republic of China
| | - H Wu
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510370,People's Republic of China
| | - S She
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510370,People's Republic of China
| | - S Liu
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510370,People's Republic of China
| | - L Mao
- Department of Psychology,School of Life Sciences,McGovern Institute for Brain Research at PKU,Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education),Peking University,Beijing 100871,People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ning
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510370,People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- Department of Psychology,School of Life Sciences,McGovern Institute for Brain Research at PKU,Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education),Peking University,Beijing 100871,People's Republic of China
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Tamboer P, Scholte HS, Vorst HCM. Dyslexia and voxel-based morphometry: correlations between five behavioural measures of dyslexia and gray and white matter volumes. ANNALS OF DYSLEXIA 2015; 65:121-141. [PMID: 25908528 PMCID: PMC4565889 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-015-0102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In voxel-based morphometry studies of dyslexia, the relation between causal theories of dyslexia and gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume alterations is still under debate. Some alterations are consistently reported, but others failed to reach significance. We investigated GM alterations in a large sample of Dutch students (37 dyslexics and 57 non-dyslexics) with two analyses: group differences in local GM and total GM and WM volume and correlations between GM and WM volumes and five behavioural measures. We found no significant group differences after corrections for multiple comparisons although total WM volume was lower in the group of dyslexics when age was partialled out. We presented an overview of uncorrected clusters of voxels (p < 0.05, cluster size k > 200) with reduced or increased GM volume. We found four significant correlations between factors of dyslexia representing various behavioural measures and the clusters found in the first analysis. In the whole sample, a factor related to performances in spelling correlated negatively with GM volume in the left posterior cerebellum. Within the group of dyslexics, a factor related to performances in Dutch-English rhyme words correlated positively with GM volume in the left and right caudate nucleus and negatively with increased total WM volume. Most of our findings were in accordance with previous reports. A relatively new finding was the involvement of the caudate nucleus. We confirmed the multiple cognitive nature of dyslexia and suggested that experience greatly influences anatomical alterations depending on various subtypes of dyslexia, especially in a student sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tamboer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- , Weesperplein 4, Room 218, 1018XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- , Overtoom 247B, 1054HW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H Steven Scholte
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie C M Vorst
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Achal S, Hoeft F, Bray S. Individual Differences in Adult Reading Are Associated with Left Temporo-parietal to Dorsal Striatal Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:4069-4081. [PMID: 26400921 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reading skills vary widely in both children and adults, with a number of factors contributing to this variability. The most prominent factor may be related to efficiency of storage, representation, or retrieval of speech sounds. This phonological hypothesis is supported by findings of reduced activation in poor readers in left hemisphere ventro-lateral prefrontal and temporo-parietal phonological processing regions. Less well explained by phonological theories are reported hyperactivation in prefrontal, striatal, and insular regions. This study investigated functional connectivity of a core phonological processing region, the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), in relation to reading skill in an adult community sample. We hypothesized that connectivity between TPJ and regions implicated in meta-analyses of reading disorder would correlate with individual differences in reading. Forty-four adults aged 30-54, ranging in reading ability, underwent resting fMRI scans. Data-driven connectivity clustering was used to identify TPJ subregions for seed-based connectivity analyses. Correlations were assessed between TPJ connectivity and timed-pseudoword reading (decoding) ability. We found a significant correlation wherein greater left supramarginal gyrus to anterior caudate connectivity was associated with weaker decoding. This suggests that hyperactivation of the dorsal striatum, reported in poor readers during reading tasks, may reflect compensatory or inefficient overintegration into attention networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Achal
- Department of Neuroscience.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Haskins Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.,Department of Paediatrics.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada T3B 6A8
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Acute effects of the designer drugs benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the Stroop task--a pilot study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2969-80. [PMID: 25893641 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A novel group of designer drugs containing benzylpiperazine (BZP) and/or trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) have been available worldwide for more than a decade; however, their effects on human brain function have not been extensively described. OBJECTIVES In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, the acute effects of BZP and TFMPP (alone and in combination) on the neural networks involved in executive function were investigated using an event-related Stroop functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm. METHODS Thirteen healthy participants aged 18-40 years undertook the Stroop task 90 min after taking an oral dose of either BZP (200 mg), TFMPP (either 50 or 60 mg), BZP + TFMPP (100 + 30 mg) or placebo. A change in activity in neural regions reflects an increase in local demand for oxygen, due to an increase in neuronal activity. RESULTS Relative to placebo, an increase in neural activation was observed in the dorsal striatum following BZP, and in the thalamus following TFMPP, when performing the Stroop task. CONCLUSION These data suggest that additional compensatory resources were recruited to maintain performance during the Stroop task. When BZP and TFMPP were administered together, both the dorsal striatum and thalamus were activated. However, the combination of BZP/TFMPP attenuated activation in the caudate, possibly due to TFMPP's indirect effects on dopamine release via 5HT2C receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David W Green
- Department of Cognitive, Perceptual, and Brain Sciences, University College London
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47
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Bonhage CE, Mueller JL, Friederici AD, Fiebach CJ. Combined eye tracking and fMRI reveals neural basis of linguistic predictions during sentence comprehension. Cortex 2015; 68:33-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Robertson BD, Hiebert NM, Seergobin KN, Owen AM, MacDonald PA. Dorsal striatum mediates cognitive control, not cognitive effort per se , in decision-making: An event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 2015; 114:170-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Murdaugh DL, Maximo JO, Kana RK. Changes in intrinsic connectivity of the brain's reading network following intervention in children with autism. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2965-79. [PMID: 26058572 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While task-based neuroimaging studies have identified alterations in neural circuitry underlying language processing in children with autism spectrum disorders [ASD], resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging [rsfMRI] is a promising alternative to the constraints posed by task-based fMRI. This study used rsfMRI, in a longitudinal design, to study the impact of a reading intervention on connectivity of the brain regions involved in reading comprehension in children with ASD. Functional connectivity was examined using group independent component analysis (GICA) and seed-based correlation analysis of Broca's and Wernicke's areas, in three groups of participants: an experimental group of ASD children (ASD-EXP), a wait list control group of ASD children (ASD-WLC), and a group of typically developing (TD) control children. Both GICA and seed-based analyses revealed stronger functional connectivity of Broca's and Wernicke's areas in the ASD-EXP group postintervention. Additionally, improvement in reading comprehension in the ASD-EXP group was correlated with greater connectivity in both Broca's and Wernicke's area in the GICA identified reading network component. In addition, increased connectivity between the Broca's area and right postcentral and right STG, and the Wernicke's area and LIFG, were also correlated with greater improvement in reading comprehension. Overall, this study revealed widespread changes in functional connectivity of the brain's reading network as a result of intervention in children with ASD. These novel findings provide valuable insights into the neuroplasticity of brain areas underlying reading and the impact of intensive intervention in modifying them in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Murdaugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jose O Maximo
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rajesh K Kana
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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50
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Papazacharias A, Taurisano P, Fazio L, Gelao B, Di Giorgio A, Lo Bianco L, Quarto T, Mancini M, Porcelli A, Romano R, Caforio G, Todarello O, Popolizio T, Blasi G, Bertolino A. Aversive emotional interference impacts behavior and prefronto-striatal activity during increasing attentional control. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:97. [PMID: 25954172 PMCID: PMC4404908 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have demonstrated that emotional stimulation modulates attentional processing during goal-directed behavior and related activity of a brain network including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the caudate nucleus. However, it is not clear how emotional interference modulates behavior and brain physiology during variation in attentional control, a relevant question for everyday life situations in which both emotional stimuli and cognitive load vary. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of negative emotions on behavior and activity in IFG and caudate nucleus during increasing levels of attentional control. Twenty two healthy subjects underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a task in which neutral or fearful facial expressions were displayed before stimuli eliciting increasing levels of attentional control processing. Results indicated slower reaction time (RT) and greater right IFG activity when fearful compared with neutral facial expressions preceded the low level of attentional control. On the other hand, fearful facial expressions preceding the intermediate level of attentional control elicited faster behavioral responses and greater activity in the right and left sides of the caudate. Finally, correlation analysis indicated a relationship between behavioral correlates of attentional control after emotional interference and right IFG activity. All together, these results suggest that the impact of negative emotions on attentional processing is differentially elicited at the behavioral and physiological levels as a function of cognitive load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Papazacharias
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Gelao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Lo Bianco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Quarto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy ; Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marina Mancini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Porcelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Romano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Caforio
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Policlinico di Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Orlando Todarello
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Popolizio
- IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Policlinico di Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy ; pRED, NORD DTA Neuroscience, Hoffman-La Roche Ltd Basel, Switzerland
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