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Orlov ND, Muqtadir SA, Oroojeni H, Averbeck B, Rothwell J, Shergill SS. Stimulating learning: A functional MRI and behavioral investigation of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on stochastic learning in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114908. [PMID: 37732853 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is under clinical investigation as a treatment for cognitive deficits. We investigate the effects of tDCS over the mPFC on performance SSLT in individuals with schizophrenia, and the underlying neurophysiological effect in regions associated with learning values and stimulus-outcome relationships. In this parallel-design double-blind pilot study, 49 individuals with schizophrenia, of whom 28 completed a fMRI, were randomized into active or sham tDCS stimulation groups. Subjects participated in 4 days of SSLT training (days 1, 2, 14, 56) with tDCS applied at day-1, and during a concurrent MRI scan at day-14. The SSLT demonstrated a significant mean difference in performance in the tDCS treatment group: at day-2 and at day-56. Active tDCS was associated with increased insular activity, and reduced amygdala activation. tDCS may offer an important novel approach to modulating brain networks to ameliorate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, with this study being the first to show a longer-term effect on SSLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasza D Orlov
- Cognition Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Liu Lab, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Lab of Precision Brain Imaging, Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Syed Ali Muqtadir
- Cognition Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Lahore University of Management and Sciences, Lon, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hooman Oroojeni
- Department of Computing, Goldsmiths College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Averbeck
- Laboratory for Neuropsychology Section on Learning and Decision Making, National Institute of Mental Health Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John Rothwell
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sukhi S Shergill
- Cognition Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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Lange-Küttner C, Averbeck BB, Hentschel M, Baumbach J. Intelligence matters for stochastic feedback processing during sequence learning in adolescents and young adults. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seo M, Beigi M, Jahanshahi M, Averbeck BB. Effects of dopamine medication on sequence learning with stochastic feedback in Parkinson's disease. Front Syst Neurosci 2010; 4:36. [PMID: 20740077 PMCID: PMC2927276 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2010.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the midbrain dopamine system plays a key role in reinforcement learning and disruption of the midbrain dopamine system in Parkinson's disease (PD) may lead to deficits on tasks that require learning from feedback. We examined how changes in dopamine levels ("ON" and "OFF" their dopamine medication) affect sequence learning from stochastic positive and negative feedback using Bayesian reinforcement learning models. We found deficits in sequence learning in patients with PD when they were "ON" and "OFF" medication relative to healthy controls, but smaller differences between patients "OFF" and "ON". The deficits were mainly due to decreased learning from positive feedback, although across all participant groups learning was more strongly associated with positive than negative feedback in our task. The learning in our task is likely mediated by the relatively depleted dorsal striatum and not the relatively intact ventral striatum. Therefore, the changes we see in our task may be due to a strong loss of phasic dopamine signals in the dorsal striatum in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsang Seo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mazda Beigi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Bruno B. Averbeck
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
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