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Zhang J, Zhu C, Han J. The neural mechanism of non-phase-locked EEG activity in task switching. Neurosci Lett 2023; 792:136957. [PMID: 36347341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flexible switching between different tasks is an important cognitive ability for humans and it is often studied using the task-switching paradigm. Although the neural mechanisms of task switching have been extensively explored in previous studies using event-related potentials techniques, the activity and process mechanisms of non-phase-locked electroencephalography (EEG) have rarely been revealed. For this reason, this paper discusses the processing of non-phase-locked EEG oscillations in task switching based on frequency-band delineation. First, the roles of each frequency band in local brain regions were summarized. In particular, during the proactive control process (the cue-stimulus interval), delta, theta, and alpha oscillations played more roles in the switch condition while beta played more roles in repeat task. In the reactive control process (post-target), delta, alpha, and beta are all related to sensorimotor function. Then, utilizing the functional connectivity (FC) method, delta connections in the frontotemporal regions and theta connections located in the parietal-to-occipital sites are involved in the preparatory period before task switching, while alpha connections located in the sensorimotor areas and beta connections located in the frontal-parietal cortex are involved in response inhibition. Finally, cross-frequency coupling (CFC) play an important role in working memory among different band oscillation. The present study shows that in addition to the processing mechanisms specific to each frequency band, there are some shared and interactive neural mechanism in task switching by using different analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Chengdong Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiahui Han
- Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China.
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2
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Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Melosini L, Menicucci D, Gemignani A. Neural Correlates of Non-ordinary States of Consciousness in Pranayama Practitioners: The Role of Slow Nasal Breathing. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:803904. [PMID: 35387390 PMCID: PMC8977447 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.803904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulatory effect of nasal respiration on integrative brain functions and hence consciousness has recently been unambiguously demonstrated. This effect is sustained by the olfactory epithelium mechanical sensitivity complemented by the existence of massive projections between the olfactory bulb and the prefrontal cortex. However, studies on slow nasal breathing (SNB) in the context of contemplative practices have sustained the fundamental role of respiratory vagal stimulation, with little attention to the contribution of the olfactory epithelium mechanical stimulation. This study aims at disentangling the effects of olfactory epithelium stimulation (proper of nasal breathing) from those related to respiratory vagal stimulation (common to slow nasal and mouth breathing). We investigated the psychophysiological (cardio-respiratory and electroencephalographic parameters) and phenomenological (perceived state of consciousness) aftereffects of SNB (epithelium mechanical – 2.5 breaths/min) in 12 experienced meditators. We compared the nasal breathing aftereffects with those observed after a session of mouth breathing at the same respiratory rate and with those related to a resting state condition. SNB induced (1) slowing of electroencephalography (EEG) activities (delta-theta bands) in prefrontal regions, (2) a widespread increase of theta and high-beta connectivity complemented by an increase of phase-amplitude coupling between the two bands in prefrontal and posterior regions belonging to the Default Mode Network, (3) an increase of high-beta networks small-worldness. (4) a higher perception of being in a non-ordinary state of consciousness. The emerging scenario strongly suggests that the effects of SNB, beyond the relative contribution of vagal stimulation, are mainly ascribable to olfactory epithelium stimulation. In conclusion, slow Pranayama breathing modulates brain activity and hence subjective experience up to the point of inducing a non-ordinary state of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zaccaro
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Piarulli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Giga Consciousness, Coma Science Group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Andrea Piarulli,
| | - Lorenza Melosini
- Pneumology Branch, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Menicucci
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Branch, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Tu Y, Pantazis D, Wilson G, Khan S, Ahlfors S, Kong J. How expectations of pain elicited by consciously and unconsciously perceived cues unfold over time. Neuroimage 2021; 235:117985. [PMID: 33762214 PMCID: PMC8248481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expectation can shape the perception of pain within a fraction of time, but little is known about how perceived expectation unfolds over time and modulates pain perception. Here, we combine magnetoencephalography (MEG) and machine learning approaches to track the neural dynamics of expectations of pain in healthy participants with both sexes. We found that the expectation of pain, as conditioned by facial cues, can be decoded from MEG as early as 150 ms and up to 1100 ms after cue onset, but decoding expectation elicited by unconsciously perceived cues requires more time and decays faster compared to consciously perceived ones. Also, results from temporal generalization suggest that neural dynamics of decoding cue-based expectation were predominately sustained during cue presentation but transient after cue presentation. Finally, although decoding expectation elicited by consciously perceived cues were based on a series of time-restricted brain regions during cue presentation, decoding relied on the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex after cue presentation for both consciously and unconsciously perceived cues. These findings reveal the conscious and unconscious processing of expectation during pain anticipation and may shed light on enhancing clinical care by demonstrating the impact of expectation cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Pantazis
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Seppo Ahlfors
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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Dellavale D, Urdapilleta E, Cámpora N, Velarde OM, Kochen S, Mato G. Two types of ictal phase-amplitude couplings in epilepsy patients revealed by spectral harmonicity of intracerebral EEG recordings. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1866-1885. [PMID: 32580114 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spectral harmonicity of the ictal activity was analyzed regarding two clinically relevant aspects, (1) as a confounding factor producing 'spurious' phase-amplitude couplings (PAC) which may lead to wrong conclusions about the underlying ictal mechanisms, and (2) its role in how good PAC is in correspondence to the seizure onset zone (SOZ) classification performed by the epileptologists. METHODS PAC patterns observed in intracerebral electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings were retrospectively studied during seizures of seven patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. The time locked index (TLI) measure was introduced to quantify the degree of harmonicity between frequency bands associated to the emergence of PAC during epileptic seizures. RESULTS (1) Harmonic and non harmonic PAC patterns coexist during the seizure dynamics in iEEG recordings with macroelectrodes. (2) Harmonic PAC patterns are an emergent property of the periodic non sinusoidal waveform constituting the epileptiform activity. (3) The TLI metric allows to distinguish the non harmonic PAC pattern, which has been previously associated with the ictal core through the paroxysmal depolarizing shifts mechanism of seizure propagation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the spectral harmonicity of the ictal activity plays a relevant role in the visual analysis of the iEEG recordings performed by the epileptologists to define the SOZ, and that it should be considered for the proper interpretation of ictal mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed harmonicity analysis can be used to improve the delineation of the SOZ by reliably identifying non harmonic PAC patterns emerging from fully recruited cortical and subcortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Dellavale
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Av. E. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Eugenio Urdapilleta
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Av. E. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Nuria Cámpora
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), El Cruce "N. Kirchner" Hosp., UNAJ, Epilepsy Center, "R. Mejía" Hosp., Faculty of Medicine, UBA, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Matías Velarde
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Av. E. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Silvia Kochen
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), El Cruce "N. Kirchner" Hosp., UNAJ, Epilepsy Center, "R. Mejía" Hosp., Faculty of Medicine, UBA, CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Germán Mato
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Av. E. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
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Mohan A, Bhamoo N, Riquelme JS, Long S, Norena A, Vanneste S. Investigating functional changes in the brain to intermittently induced auditory illusions and its relevance to chronic tinnitus. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1819-1832. [PMID: 32154627 PMCID: PMC7268029 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the neural correlates of chronic tinnitus. However, we still do not understand what happens in the acute phase. Past studies have established Zwicker tone (ZT) illusions as a good human model for acute tinnitus. ZT illusions are perceived following the presentation of a notched noise stimulus, that is, broadband noise with a narrow band-stop filter (notch). In the current study, we compared the neural correlates of the reliable perception of a ZT illusion to that which is not. We observed changes in evoked and total theta power in wide-spread regions of the brain particularly in the temporal-parietal junction, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (pgACC/vmPFC), parahippocampus during perception of the ZT illusion. Furthermore, we observe that increased theta power significantly predicts a gradual positive change in the intensity of the ZT illusion. Such changes may suggest a malfunction of the sensory gating system that enables habituation to redundant stimuli and suppresses hyperactivity. It could also suggest a successful retrieval of the memory of the missing frequencies, resulting in their conscious perception indicating the role of higher-order processing in the mechanism of action of ZT illusions. To establish a more concrete relationship between ZT illusion and chronic tinnitus, future longitudinal studies following up a much larger sample of participants who reliably perceive a ZT illusion to see if they develop tinnitus at a later stage is essential. This could inform us if the ZT illusion may be a precursor to chronic tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Mohan
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Neil Bhamoo
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTexas
| | - Juan S. Riquelme
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTexas
| | - Samantha Long
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTexas
| | - Arnaud Norena
- Laboratory of Sensory and Cognitive NeuroscienceAix‐Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute & Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTexas
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Dimitriadis SI, López ME, Bruña R, Cuesta P, Marcos A, Maestú F, Pereda E. How to Build a Functional Connectomic Biomarker for Mild Cognitive Impairment From Source Reconstructed MEG Resting-State Activity: The Combination of ROI Representation and Connectivity Estimator Matters. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:306. [PMID: 29910704 PMCID: PMC5992286 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our work aimed to demonstrate the combination of machine learning and graph theory for the designing of a connectomic biomarker for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects using eyes-closed neuromagnetic recordings. The whole analysis based on source-reconstructed neuromagnetic activity. As ROI representation, we employed the principal component analysis (PCA) and centroid approaches. As representative bi-variate connectivity estimators for the estimation of intra and cross-frequency interactions, we adopted the phase locking value (PLV), the imaginary part (iPLV) and the correlation of the envelope (CorrEnv). Both intra and cross-frequency interactions (CFC) have been estimated with the three connectivity estimators within the seven frequency bands (intra-frequency) and in pairs (CFC), correspondingly. We demonstrated how different versions of functional connectivity graphs single-layer (SL-FCG) and multi-layer (ML-FCG) can give us a different view of the functional interactions across the brain areas. Finally, we applied machine learning techniques with main scope to build a reliable connectomic biomarker by analyzing both SL-FCG and ML-FCG in two different options: as a whole unit using a tensorial extraction algorithm and as single pair-wise coupling estimations. We concluded that edge-weighed feature selection strategy outperformed the tensorial treatment of SL-FCG and ML-FCG. The highest classification performance was obtained with the centroid ROI representation and edge-weighted analysis of the SL-FCG reaching the 98% for the CorrEnv in α1:α2 and 94% for the iPLV in α2. Classification performance based on the multi-layer participation coefficient, a multiplexity index reached 52% for iPLV and 52% for CorrEnv. Selected functional connections that build the multivariate connectomic biomarker in the edge-weighted scenario are located in default-mode, fronto-parietal, and cingulo-opercular network. Our analysis supports the notion of analyzing FCG simultaneously in intra and cross-frequency whole brain interactions with various connectivity estimators in beamformed recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros I. Dimitriadis
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroinformatics Group, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - María E. López
- Department of Basic Psychology II, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Department of Basic Psychology II, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Cuesta
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid, Spain
- Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and IUNE, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos
- Department of Neurology, San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Department of Basic Psychology II, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pereda
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid, Spain
- Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and IUNE, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Baijot S, Cevallos C, Zarka D, Leroy A, Slama H, Colin C, Deconinck N, Dan B, Cheron G. EEG Dynamics of a Go/Nogo Task in Children with ADHD. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7120167. [PMID: 29261133 PMCID: PMC5742770 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies investigating event-related potential (ERP) evoked in a Cue-Go/NoGo paradigm have shown lower frontal N1, N2 and central P3 in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children (TDC). However, the electroencephalographic (EEG) dynamics underlying these ERPs remain largely unexplored in ADHD. Methods: We investigate the event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence linked to the ERP triggered by visual Cue-Go/NoGo stimuli, in 14 children (7 ADHD and 7 TDC) aged 8 to 12 years. Results: Compared to TDC, the EEG dynamics of children with ADHD showed a lower theta-alpha ITC concomitant to lower occipito-parietal P1-N2 and frontal N1-P2 potentials in response to Cue, Go and Nogo stimuli; an upper alpha power preceding lower central Go-P3; a lower theta-alpha power and ITC were coupled to a lower frontal Nogo-N3; a lower low-gamma power overall scalp at 300 ms after Go and Nogo stimuli. Conclusion: These findings suggest impaired ability in children with ADHD to conserve the brain oscillations phase associated with stimulus processing. This physiological trait might serve as a target for therapeutic intervention or be used as monitoring of their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Baijot
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (N.D.); (B.D.)
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Carlos Cevallos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador
| | - David Zarka
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
- Research Unit in Osteopathy, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Hichem Slama
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecile Colin
- Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Sensory Neurophysiology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (N.D.); (B.D.)
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Bernard Dan
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (N.D.); (B.D.)
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
- Medical and Rehabilitation Departments, Inkendaal Rehabilitation Hospital, 1602 Vlezenbeek, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-25-553-403
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8
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Northoff G. “Paradox of slow frequencies” – Are slow frequencies in upper cortical layers a neural predisposition of the level/state of consciousness (NPC)? Conscious Cogn 2017; 54:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
The ecological environment offered by virtual reality is primarily supported by visual information. The different image contents and their rhythmic presentation imply specific bottom-up and top-down processing. Because these processes already occur during passive observation we studied the brain responses evoked by the presentation of specific 3D virtual tunnels with respect to 2D checkerboard. For this, we characterized electroencephalograhy dynamics (EEG), the evoked potentials and related neural generators involved in various visual paradigms. Time-frequency analysis showed modulation of alpha-beta oscillations indicating the presence of stronger prediction and after-effects of the 3D-tunnel with respect to the checkerboard. Whatever the presented image, the generators of the P100 were situated bilaterally in the occipital cortex (BA18, BA19) and in the right inferior temporal cortex (BA20). In checkerboard but not 3D-tunnel presentation, the left fusiform gyrus (BA37) was additionally recruited. P200 generators were situated in the temporal cortex (BA21) and the cerebellum (lobule VI/Crus I) specifically for the checkerboard while the right parahippocampal gyrus (BA36) and the cerebellum (lobule IV/V and IX/X) were involved only during the 3D-tunnel presentation. For both type of image, P300 generators were localized in BA37 but also in BA19, the right BA21 and the cerebellar lobule VI for only the checkerboard and the left BA20-BA21 for only the 3D-tunnel. Stronger P300 delta-theta oscillations recorded in this later situation point to a prevalence of the effect of changing direction over the proper visual content of the 3D-tunnel. The parahippocampal gyrus (BA36) implicated in navigation was also identified when the 3D-tunnel was compared to their scrambled versions, highlighting an action-oriented effect linked to navigational content.
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Nowak A, Vallacher RR, Zochowski M, Rychwalska A. Functional Synchronization: The Emergence of Coordinated Activity in Human Systems. Front Psychol 2017; 8:945. [PMID: 28659842 PMCID: PMC5468424 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical landscape of psychology is highly compartmentalized, with distinct phenomena explained and investigated with recourse to theories and methods that have little in common. Our aim in this article is to identify a basic set of principles that underlie otherwise diverse aspects of human experience at all levels of psychological reality, from neural processes to group dynamics. The core idea is that neural, behavioral, mental, and social structures emerge through the synchronization of lower-level elements (e.g., neurons, muscle movements, thoughts and feelings, individuals) into a functional unit—a coherent structure that functions to accomplish tasks. The coherence provided by the formation of functional units may be transient, persisting only as long as necessary to perform the task at hand. This creates the potential for the repeated assembly and disassembly of functional units in accordance with changing task demands. This perspective is rooted in principles of complexity science and non-linear dynamical systems and is supported by recent discoveries in neuroscience and recent models in cognitive and social psychology. We offer guidelines for investigating the emergence of functional units in different domains, thereby honoring the topical differentiation of psychology while providing an integrative foundation for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nowak
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland.,Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca RatonFL, United States
| | - Robin R Vallacher
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca RatonFL, United States
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, United States
| | - Agnieszka Rychwalska
- The Robert Zajonc Institute for Social Studies, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
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11
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Sotero RC. Topology, Cross-Frequency, and Same-Frequency Band Interactions Shape the Generation of Phase-Amplitude Coupling in a Neural Mass Model of a Cortical Column. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005180. [PMID: 27802274 PMCID: PMC5089773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), a type of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) where the phase of a low-frequency rhythm modulates the amplitude of a higher frequency, is becoming an important indicator of information transmission in the brain. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying its generation remain undetermined. A realistic, yet tractable computational model of the phenomenon is thus needed. Here we analyze a neural mass model of a cortical column, comprising fourteen neuronal populations distributed across four layers (L2/3, L4, L5 and L6). A control analysis showed that the conditional transfer entropy (cTE) measure is able to correctly estimate the flow of information between neuronal populations. Then, we computed cTE from the phases to the amplitudes of the oscillations generated in the cortical column. This approach provides information regarding directionality by distinguishing PAC from APC (amplitude-phase coupling), i.e. the information transfer from amplitudes to phases, and can be used to estimate other types of CFC such as amplitude-amplitude coupling (AAC) and phase-phase coupling (PPC). While experiments often only focus on one or two PAC combinations (e.g., theta-gamma or alpha-gamma), we found that a cortical column can simultaneously generate almost all possible PAC combinations, depending on connectivity parameters, time constants, and external inputs. PAC interactions with and without an anatomical equivalent (direct and indirect interactions, respectively) were analyzed. We found that the strength of PAC between two populations was strongly correlated with the strength of the effective connections between the populations and, on average, did not depend on whether the PAC connection was direct or indirect. When considering a cortical column circuit as a complex network, we found that neuronal populations making indirect PAC connections had, on average, higher local clustering coefficient, efficiency, and betweenness centrality than populations making direct connections and populations not involved in PAC connections. This suggests that their interactions were more effective when transmitting information. Since approximately 60% of the obtained interactions represented indirect connections, our results highlight the importance of the topology of cortical circuits for the generation of the PAC phenomenon. Finally, our results demonstrated that indirect PAC interactions can be explained by a cascade of direct CFC and same-frequency band interactions, suggesting that PAC analysis of experimental data should be accompanied by the estimation of other types of frequency interactions for an integrative understanding of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C. Sotero
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Chehelcheraghi M, Nakatani C, Steur E, van Leeuwen C. A neural mass model of phase-amplitude coupling. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2016; 110:171-192. [PMID: 27241189 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-016-0687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain activity shows phase-amplitude coupling between its slow and fast oscillatory components. We study phase-amplitude coupling as recorded at individual sites, using a modified version of the well-known Wendling neural mass model. To the population of fast inhibitory interneurons of this model, we added external modulatory input and dynamic self-feedback. These two modifications together are sufficient to let the inhibitory population serve as a limit-cycle oscillator, with frequency characteristics comparable to the beta and gamma bands. The frequency and power of these oscillations can be tuned through the time constant of the dynamic and modulatory input. Alpha band activity is generated, as is usual in such models, as a result of interactions of pyramidal neurons and a population of slow inhibitory interneurons. The slow inhibitory population activity directly influences the fast oscillations via the synaptic gain between slow and fast inhibitory populations. As a result, the amplitude envelope of the fast oscillation is coupled to the phase of the slow activity; this result is consistent with the notion that phase-amplitude coupling is effectuated by interactions between inhibitory interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chie Nakatani
- Brain and Cognition Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Steur
- Brain and Cognition Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Dynamics and Control Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Cees van Leeuwen
- Brain and Cognition Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cognitive Science, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Cheron G, Petit G, Cheron J, Leroy A, Cebolla A, Cevallos C, Petieau M, Hoellinger T, Zarka D, Clarinval AM, Dan B. Brain Oscillations in Sport: Toward EEG Biomarkers of Performance. Front Psychol 2016; 7:246. [PMID: 26955362 PMCID: PMC4768321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain dynamics is at the basis of top performance accomplishment in sports. The search for neural biomarkers of performance remains a challenge in movement science and sport psychology. The non-invasive nature of high-density electroencephalography (EEG) recording has made it a most promising avenue for providing quantitative feedback to practitioners and coaches. Here, we review the current relevance of the main types of EEG oscillations in order to trace a perspective for future practical applications of EEG and event-related potentials (ERP) in sport. In this context, the hypotheses of unified brain rhythms and continuity between wake and sleep states should provide a functional template for EEG biomarkers in sport. The oscillations in the thalamo-cortical and hippocampal circuitry including the physiology of the place cells and the grid cells provide a frame of reference for the analysis of delta, theta, beta, alpha (incl.mu), and gamma oscillations recorded in the space field of human performance. Based on recent neuronal models facilitating the distinction between the different dynamic regimes (selective gating and binding) in these different oscillations we suggest an integrated approach articulating together the classical biomechanical factors (3D movements and EMG) and the high-density EEG and ERP signals to allow finer mathematical analysis to optimize sport performance, such as microstates, coherency/directionality analysis and neural generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons-HainautMons, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julian Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Haute Ecole CondorcetCharleroi, Belgium
| | - Anita Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Cevallos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hoellinger
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Zarka
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Clarinval
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Dan
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Inkendaal Rehabilitation HospitalVlezembeek, Belgium
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Gerez M, Suárez E, Serrano C, Castanedo L, Tello A. The crossroads of anxiety: distinct neurophysiological maps for different symptomatic groups. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:159-75. [PMID: 26848265 PMCID: PMC4723020 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s89651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the devastating impact of anxiety disorders (ADs) worldwide, long-lasting debates on causes and remedies have not solved the clinician's puzzle: who should be treated and how? Psychiatric classifications conceptualize ADs as distinct entities, with strong support from neuroscience fields. Yet, comorbidity and pharmacological response suggest a single "serotonin dysfunction" dimension. Whether AD is one or several disorders goes beyond academic quarrels, and the distinction has therapeutic relevance. Addressing the underlying dysfunctions should improve treatment response. By its own nature, neurophysiology can be the best tool to address dysfunctional processes. PURPOSE To search for neurophysiological dysfunctions and differences among panic disorder (PD), agoraphobia-social-specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and generalized anxiety disorder. METHODS A sample population of 192 unmedicated patients and 30 aged-matched controls partook in this study. Hypothesis-related neurophysiological variables were combined into ten independent factors: 1) dysrhythmic patterns, 2) delta, 3) theta, 4) alpha, 5) beta (whole-head absolute power z-scores), 6) event-related potential (ERP) combined latency, 7) ERP combined amplitude (z-scores), 8) magnitude, 9) site, and 10) site of hyperactive networks. Combining single variables into representative factors was necessary because, as in all real-life phenomena, the complexity of interactive processes cannot be addressed through single variables and the multiplicity of potentially implicated variables would demand an extremely large sample size for statistical analysis. RESULTS The nonparametric analysis correctly classified 81% of the sample. Dysrhythmic patterns, decreased delta, and increased beta differentiated AD from controls. Shorter ERP latencies were found in several individual patients, mostly from the OCD group. Hyperactivities were found at the right frontorbital-striatal network in OCD and at the panic circuit in PD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support diffuse cortical instability in AD in general, with individual differences in information processing deficits and regional hyperactivities in OCD and PD. Study limitations and the rationale behind the variable selection and combination strategy will be discussed before addressing the therapeutic implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Gerez
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2016:12 159–175
| | - Enrique Suárez
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2016:12 159–175
| | - Carlos Serrano
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2016:12 159–175
| | - Lauro Castanedo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Tello
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2016:12 159–175
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Sotero RC. Modeling the Generation of Phase-Amplitude Coupling in Cortical Circuits: From Detailed Networks to Neural Mass Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:915606. [PMID: 26539537 PMCID: PMC4620035 DOI: 10.1155/2015/915606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), the phenomenon where the amplitude of a high frequency oscillation is modulated by the phase of a lower frequency oscillation, is attracting an increasing interest in the neuroscience community due to its potential relevance for understanding healthy and pathological information processing in the brain. PAC is a diverse phenomenon, having been experimentally detected in at least ten combinations of rhythms: delta-theta, delta-alpha, delta-beta, delta-gamma, theta-alpha, theta-beta, theta-gamma, alpha-beta, alpha-gamma, and beta-gamma. However, a complete understanding of the biophysical mechanisms generating this diversity is lacking. Here we review computational models of PAC generation that range from detailed models of neuronal networks, where each cell is described by Hodgkin-Huxley-type equations, to neural mass models (NMMs) where only the average activities of neuronal populations are considered. We argue that NMMs are an appropriate mathematical framework (due to the small number of parameters and variables involved and the richness of the dynamics they can generate) to study the PAC phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C. Sotero
- Department of Radiology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T3A 2E1
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Salti M, Monto S, Charles L, King JR, Parkkonen L, Dehaene S. Distinct cortical codes and temporal dynamics for conscious and unconscious percepts. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25997100 PMCID: PMC4467230 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of consciousness are typically sought by comparing the overall brain responses to perceived and unperceived stimuli. However, this comparison may be contaminated by non-specific attention, alerting, performance, and reporting confounds. Here, we pursue a novel approach, tracking the neuronal coding of consciously and unconsciously perceived contents while keeping behavior identical (blindsight). EEG and MEG were recorded while participants reported the spatial location and visibility of a briefly presented target. Multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that considerable information about spatial location traverses the cortex on blindsight trials, but that starting ≈270 ms post-onset, information unique to consciously perceived stimuli, emerges in superior parietal and superior frontal regions. Conscious access appears characterized by the entry of the perceived stimulus into a series of additional brain processes, each restricted in time, while the failure of conscious access results in the breaking of this chain and a subsequent slow decay of the lingering unconscious activity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05652.001 Our senses constantly receive information from the world around us, but we consciously perceive only a small portion of it. Nonetheless, even stimuli that are not consciously perceived are registered in our brain and influence our behavior. This is known as unconscious perception. Researchers disagree about how brain activity differs during conscious and unconscious perception. Some think that both consciously and unconsciously perceived objects are processed in the same way in the brain, but that the brain is more active during conscious perception. Others think that different neurons process the information in different types of perception. Salti et al. have now investigated this issue. While recording participants' brain activity, a line was briefly presented in one of eight different possible locations on a screen. The line was masked so it would be consciously perceived in roughly half of the presentations. Participants had to report the location of the line and then say whether they had seen it or had merely guessed its location. Even when they reported that they were guessing, participants identified the location of the line better than by chance, indicating unconscious perception on ‘guess’ trials. This enabled Salti et al. to compare how the brain encodes consciously perceived and unconsciously perceived stimuli. Unlike previous studies in which the brain activity associated with ‘seen’ and ‘unseen’ stimuli was compared, Salti et al. used a different approach to extract the neural activity underlying consciousness. A classifying algorithm was trained on a subset of the data to recognize from the recorded brain activity where on the screen a line had appeared. Applying this algorithm to the remaining data revealed the dynamics of stimulus encoding. Consciously and unconsciously perceived stimuli are encoded by the same neural responses for about a quater of a second. From this point on, consciously perceived stimuli benefit from a series of additional brain processes, each restricted in time. For unconsciously perceived stimuli, this chain of processing breaks and a slow decay of encoding is observed. Salti et al., therefore, conclude that conscious perception is represented differently to unconscious perception in the brain and produces more extensive and structured brain activity. Future work will focus on understanding these differences in neural coding and their contribution to the interplay between conscious and unconscious perception. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05652.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti Salti
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Simo Monto
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Charles
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Remi King
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Lauri Parkkonen
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Stanislas Dehaene
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Raffone A, Srinivasan N, van Leeuwen C. Rapid switching and complementary evidence accumulation enable flexibility of an all-or-none global workspace for control of attentional and conscious processing: a reply to Wyble et al. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140315. [PMID: 25533107 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Raffone
- Department of Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Narayanan Srinivasan
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, 211002 Allahabad, India
| | - Cees van Leeuwen
- Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium TU Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Raffone A, Srinivasan N, van Leeuwen C. The interplay of attention and consciousness in visual search, attentional blink and working memory consolidation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130215. [PMID: 24639586 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the acknowledged relationship between consciousness and attention, theories of the two have mostly been developed separately. Moreover, these theories have independently attempted to explain phenomena in which both are likely to interact, such as the attentional blink (AB) and working memory (WM) consolidation. Here, we make an effort to bridge the gap between, on the one hand, a theory of consciousness based on the notion of global workspace (GW) and, on the other, a synthesis of theories of visual attention. We offer a theory of attention and consciousness (TAC) that provides a unified neurocognitive account of several phenomena associated with visual search, AB and WM consolidation. TAC assumes multiple processing stages between early visual representation and conscious access, and extends the dynamics of the global neuronal workspace model to a visual attentional workspace (VAW). The VAW is controlled by executive routers, higher-order representations of executive operations in the GW, without the need for explicit saliency or priority maps. TAC leads to newly proposed mechanisms for illusory conjunctions, AB, inattentional blindness and WM capacity, and suggests neural correlates of phenomenal consciousness. Finally, the theory reconciles the all-or-none and graded perspectives on conscious representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Raffone
- Department of Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, , Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
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