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Afrasiabi S, Partoazar A. Targeting bacterial biofilm-related genes with nanoparticle-based strategies. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387114. [PMID: 38841057 PMCID: PMC11150612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection caused by biofilm is an urgent in medicine that should be tackled by new alternative strategies. Low efficiency of classical treatments and antibiotic resistance are the main concerns of the persistent infection due to biofilm formation which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The gene expression patterns in biofilm cells differed from those in planktonic cells. One of the promising approaches against biofilms is nanoparticle (NP)-based therapy in which NPs with multiple mechanisms hinder the resistance of bacterial cells in planktonic or biofilm forms. For instance, NPs such as silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper oxide (Cu), and iron oxide (Fe3O4) through the different strategies interfere with gene expression of bacteria associated with biofilm. The NPs can penetrate into the biofilm structure and affect the expression of efflux pump, quorum-sensing, and adhesion-related genes, which lead to inhibit the biofilm formation or development. Therefore, understanding and targeting of the genes and molecular basis of bacterial biofilm by NPs point to therapeutic targets that make possible control of biofilm infections. In parallel, the possible impact of NPs on the environment and their cytotoxicity should be avoided through controlled exposure and safety assessments. This study focuses on the biofilm-related genes that are potential targets for the inhibition of bacterial biofilms with highly effective NPs, especially metal or metal oxide NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mu R, Momeni S, Krieger M, Xie B, Cao X, Merritt J, Wu H. Plasmalogen, a glycerophospholipid crucial for Streptococcus mutans acid tolerance and colonization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0150023. [PMID: 38456674 PMCID: PMC11022534 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01500-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogen is a specific glycerophospholipid present in both animal and bacterial organisms. It plays a crucial function in eukaryotic cellular processes and is closely related to several human diseases, including neurological disorders and cancers. Nonetheless, the precise biological role of plasmalogen in bacteria is not well understood. In this study, we identified SMU_438c as the enzyme responsible for plasmalogen production in Streptococcus mutans under anaerobic conditions. The heterologous expression of SMU_438c in a plasmalogen-negative strain, Streptococcus sanguinis, resulted in the production of plasmalogen, indicating that this enzyme is sufficient for plasmalogen production. Additionally, the plasmalogen-deficient S. mutans exhibited significantly lower acid tolerance and diminished its colonization in Drosophila flies compared to the wild-type strain and complemented strain. In summary, our data suggest that plasmalogen plays a vital role in bacterial stress tolerance and in vivo colonization. IMPORTANCE This study sheds light on the biological role of plasmalogen, a specific glycerophospholipid, in bacteria, particularly in Streptococcus mutans. Plasmalogens are known for their significant roles in eukaryotic cells and have been linked to human diseases like neurological disorders and cancers. The enzyme SMU_438c, identified as essential for plasmalogen production under anaerobic conditions, was crucial for acid tolerance and in vivo colonization in Drosophila by S. mutans, underscoring its importance in bacterial stress response and colonization. These findings bridge the knowledge gap in bacterial physiology, highlighting plasmalogen's role in microbial survival and offering potential insights into microbial pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mu
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephanie Momeni
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Madeline Krieger
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Baotong Xie
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xixi Cao
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Kim H, Han CY, Eun SH, Kim MG, Im AR, Lee B. Inhibitory effects of Bacillus velezensis ID-A01 supernatant against Streptococcus mutans. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:362. [PMID: 37996837 PMCID: PMC10668352 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is a chronic oral disease caused by microbial infections, which result in erosion of the dental enamel and cause irreversible damage. Therefore, proper disease management techniques and the creation of an environment that prevents intraoral growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans in the early stages, are crucial to prevent the potential progression of dental plaque to disease. Here, we aimed to investigate antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of the Bacillus velezensis ID-A01 supernatant (ID23029) against S. mutans, and its inhibitory effects on acidogenesis. RESULTS A killing kinetics assay showed a peak lethality percentage of 94.5% after 6 h of exposure to ID23029. In sucrose-exposed conditions, ID23029 inhibited lactic acid formation, preventing the pH from falling below the threshold for enamel demineralization, and inhibited up to 96.6% of biofilm formation. This effect was maintained in the presence of lysozyme. Furthermore, ID23029 retained up to 92% lethality, even at an intraoral concentration at which lysozyme is ineffective against S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential of the B. velezensis ID-A01 supernatant for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Its eventual use in dental practice is encouraged, although further studies are required to confirm its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeoungeun Kim
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Young Han
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Eun
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Kim
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rang Im
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghun Lee
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbum-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Madiba M, Oluremi BB, Gulube Z, Oderinlo OO, Marimani M, Osamudiamen PM, Patel M. Anti-Streptococcus mutans, anti-adherence and anti-acidogenic activity of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115673. [PMID: 36096348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Streptococcus mutans a key pathogen, produces biofilm, acids and extracellular polysaccharides in the oral cavity; which leads to the development of dental caries. Control of these pathogenic markers can prevent dental caries. Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. is a medicinal plant traditionally used for many ailments including oral infections. Root, leaves and bark extracts has proven antibacterial activity including activity against caries causing S. mutans. However, its effect on the virulence properties of S. mutans, responsible for the development of dental caries, has not been studied. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the phytochemical constituents, anti-S. mutans, anti-adherence and anti-acidogenic activity of U. chamae root extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts were prepared and phytochemical analysis was performed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined, and MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of the best solvent were selected for their effect on the virulence factors of S. mutans. The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests. RESULTS The dichloromethane extract, with proanthocyanidin as a major chemical constituent, produced an MIC of 0.02 mg/ml. At 6 h, exposure to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/ml extract significantly reduced S. mutans adherence by 39, 59, and 77% respectively (p < 0.05). Uvaria chamae also significantly inhibited acid production in S. mutans at 10, 12, 14 and 16 h (p < 0.05). At ½ MIC, the plant extract caused remarkable downregulation of the virulence genes responsible for the adherence, biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide synthesis and acid production. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that U. chamae extract may potentially be used to inhibit the proliferation of S. mutans and silencing the expression of pathology-related genes, which will prevent the development of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madiba
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - B B Oluremi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Z Gulube
- Department of Oral Biological Sciences, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - O O Oderinlo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
| | - M Marimani
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - P M Osamudiamen
- Department of Chemical and Food Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - M Patel
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Increases Cariogenicity and Virulence Gene Expression in Dental Biofilm. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195860. [PMID: 36233727 PMCID: PMC9571576 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries commonly occurs during orthodontic treatment because fixed appliances can impede effective oral hygiene practices. This study investigated the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on dental biofilm maturity and virulence gene (gtfB, ldh, brpA, spaP, luxS, and gbpB) expression. Methods: Dental biofilms and virulence gene expression were determined in 24 orthodontic patients before and after treatment of ≥6 months. A three-tone disclosing gel was used to stain dental biofilm and assess its maturity by its color change—pink (new dental biofilm), purple (mature dental biofilm), and light blue (cariogenic dental biofilm). Gene expression levels were determined using real-time PCR. Results: After fixed orthodontic appliance insertion, the percentage of new dental biofilm decreased, whereas that of cariogenic dental biofilm significantly increased (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of mature dental biofilm (p > 0.05). Fixed orthodontic appliances increased gtfB, ldh, brpA, and gbpB gene expression above 1.5-fold in dental biofilm. In contrast, there was no change in spaP or luxS gene expression after treatment. Conclusions: Fixed orthodontic appliance insertion induced ecological changes and cariogenic virulence gene expression in dental biofilm.
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Widhianingsih D, Koontongkaew S. Enhancement of cariogenic virulence properties of dental plaque in asthmatics. J Asthma 2020; 58:1051-1057. [PMID: 32249711 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1753211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the caries risk of asthmatics in relation to acidogenicity and the expression of caries-related genes in dental plaque. METHODS A case-control study composed of 38 asthmatics (cases) and 22 controls with an age range from 6 to 60 years. Characteristics of asthma, use of medications, oral hygiene practices and dietary habits assessed by questionnaires and interviews. The dental plaque maturity evaluated using GC Tri Plaque ID Gel TM. The expression of brpA, gtfB, gbpB, ldh, luxS and spaP genes analyzed using real-time PCR. RESULTS Asthmatics had a higher percentage of mature and acidogenic plaque than immature plaque. In contrast, immature plaque was more evident in controls. Acidogenic plaque commonly occurred in patients using 1 or a combination of two medications. High frequency in meals and sweets were found in asthmatics. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of spaP, gtfB, gbpB, ldh, brpA and luxS were enhanced in asthmatics compared with the control group. CONCLUSION An increase in acidogenic and mature plaque is found in asthmatics. The expression of spaP, gtfB, gbpB, ldh, brpA and luxS in dental plaque are upregulated in asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhyani Widhianingsih
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sittichai Koontongkaew
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
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