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Prasad AS, Banu S, Das SS, Thomas LV. A Gelatin-Based Biomimetic Scaffold Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:932-943. [PMID: 38948364 PMCID: PMC11208375 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-024-01182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background In bone tissue engineering segment, numerous approaches have been investigated to address critically sized bone defects via 3D scaffolds, as the amount of autologous bone grafts are limited, accompanied with complications on harvesting. Moreover, the use of bone-marrow-derived stem cells is also a limiting factor owing to the invasive procedures involved and the low yield of stem cells. Hence, research is ongoing on the search for an ideal bone graft system promoting bone growth and regeneration. Purpose of the Study This study aims to develop a unique platform for tissue development via stem cell differentiation towards an osteogenic phenotype providing optimum biological cues for cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation using biomimetic gelatin-based scaffolds. The use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in this study also offers an ideal approach for the development of an autologous bone graft. Methods A gelatin-vinyl acetate-based 3D scaffold system incorporating Bioglass was developed and the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on the highly porous freeze-dried gelatin-vinyl acetate/ Bioglass scaffold (GB) system was analyzed. The physicochemical properties, cell proliferation and viability were investigated by seeding rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) onto the scaffolds. The osteogenic differentiation potential of the ADMSC seeded GeVAc/bioglass system was assessed using calcium deposition assay and bone-related protein and genes and comparing with the 3D Gelatin vinyl acetate coppolymer (GeVAc) constructs. Results and Conclusion According to the findings, the 3D porous GeVAc/bioglass scaffold can be considered as a promising matrix for bone tissue regeneration and the 3D architecture supports the differentiation of the ADMSCs into osteoblast cells and enhances the production of mineralized bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjitha S. Prasad
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012 India
| | - S. Banu
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012 India
| | - S. Silpa Das
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012 India
| | - Lynda V. Thomas
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012 India
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Mallis P, Kostakis A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Future Perspectives in Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E160. [PMID: 33321830 PMCID: PMC7763104 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased demands of small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) globally has forced the scientific society to explore alternative strategies utilizing the tissue engineering approaches. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises one of the most lethal groups of non-communicable disorders worldwide. It has been estimated that in Europe, the healthcare cost for the administration of CVD is more than 169 billion €. Common manifestations involve the narrowing or occlusion of blood vessels. The replacement of damaged vessels with autologous grafts represents one of the applied therapeutic approaches in CVD. However, significant drawbacks are accompanying the above procedure; therefore, the exploration of alternative vessel sources must be performed. Engineered SDVGs can be produced through the utilization of non-degradable/degradable and naturally derived materials. Decellularized vessels represent also an alternative valuable source for the development of SDVGs. In this review, a great number of SDVG engineering approaches will be highlighted. Importantly, the state-of-the-art methodologies, which are currently employed, will be comprehensively presented. A discussion summarizing the key marks and the future perspectives of SDVG engineering will be included in this review. Taking into consideration the increased number of patients with CVD, SDVG engineering may assist significantly in cardiovascular reconstructive surgery and, therefore, the overall improvement of patients' life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
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Thottappillil N, Nair PD. Dual source co-electrospun tubular scaffold generated from gelatin-vinyl acetate and poly-ɛ-caprolactone for smooth muscle cell mediated blood vessel engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111030. [PMID: 32994010 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Thottappillil
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India.
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Catoira MC, Fusaro L, Di Francesco D, Ramella M, Boccafoschi F. Overview of natural hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:115. [PMID: 31599365 PMCID: PMC6787111 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels from different materials can be used in biomedical field as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Depending on the origin source, hydrogels can be synthetized through chemical and physical methods. Hydrogel can be characterized through several physical parameters, such as size, elastic modulus, swelling and degradation rate. Lately, research is focused on hydrogels derived from biologic materials. These hydrogels can be derived from protein polymers, such as collage, elastin, and polysaccharide polymers like glycosaminoglycans or alginate among others. Introduction of decellularized tissues into hydrogels synthesis displays several advantages compared to natural or synthetic based hydrogels. Preservation of natural molecules such as growth factors, glycans, bioactive cryptic peptides and natural proteins can promote cell growth, function, differentiation, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, antimicrobial effects, and chemotactic effects. Versatility of hydrogels make possible multiple applications and combinations with several molecules on order to obtain the adequate characteristic for each scope. In this context, a lot of molecules such as cross link agents, drugs, grow factors or cells can be used. This review focuses on the recent progress of hydrogels synthesis and applications in order to classify the most recent and relevant matters in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calvo Catoira
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases - CAAD, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases - CAAD, Novara, 28100, Italy.
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Chitrangi S, Nair P, Khanna A. 3D engineered In vitro hepatospheroids for studying drug toxicity and metabolism. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 38:8-18. [PMID: 27794450 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug toxicity is one of the reasons for late stage drug attrition, because of hepatotoxicity. Various in vitro liver models like primary human hepatocytes, immortalized human hepatic cell lines, liver slices and microsomes have been used; but limited by viability, hepatic gene expression and function. The 3D-engineered construct of hepatocyte-like-cells (HLCs) differentiated from stem cells, may provide a limitless source of hepatocytes with improved reproducibility. Towards this end, we used hepatospheroids (diameter=50-80μm) differentiated from human-umbilical-cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on 3D scaffold GEVAC (Gelatin-vinyl-acetate-copolymer) as in vitro model for studying drug metabolism/toxicity. Our data demonstrated that hUC-MSCs-derived-hepatospheroids cultured on GEVAC expressed significantly higher drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYPs) both at mRNA and activity level compared to 2D culture, using HR-LC/MS. We further showed that hepatospheroids convert phenacetin (by CYP1A2) and testosterone (by CYP3A4) to their human-specific metabolites acetaminophen and 6β-hydroxytestosterone with a predictive clearance rate of 0.011ml/h/106 cells and 0.021ml/h/106 cells respectively, according to first-order kinetics. Hepatotoxicity was confirmed by exposing hepatospheroids to ethanol and acetaminophen; ROS generation, cell viability, cytoskeleton structure, elevation of liver function enzymes, i.e. AST and ALT, was analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use hUC-MSCs-derived-hepatospheroids on GEVAC as in vitro model for drug metabolism/toxicity study; which can replace the conventional 2D-models used in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chitrangi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM'S NMIMS (Deemed-to-be ) University, V. L Mehta road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabha Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Shree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Aparna Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM'S NMIMS (Deemed-to-be ) University, V. L Mehta road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India.
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Chitrangi S, Nair P, Khanna A. Three-dimensional polymer scaffolds for enhanced differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells: a comparative study. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2359-2372. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chitrangi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science; SVMK'S NMIMS University; Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Prabha Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies; Shree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Aparna Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science; SVMK'S NMIMS University; Mumbai Maharashtra India
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Torres-Rendon JG, Köpf M, Gehlen D, Blaeser A, Fischer H, Laporte LD, Walther A. Cellulose Nanofibril Hydrogel Tubes as Sacrificial Templates for Freestanding Tubular Cell Constructs. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:905-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marius Köpf
- Dental
Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Gehlen
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- Dental
Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Dental
Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
An ideal vascular substitute, especially in <6 mm diameter applications, is a major clinical essentiality in blood vessel replacement surgery. Blood vessels are structurally complex and functionally dynamic tissue, with minimal regeneration potential. These have composite extracellular matrix (ECM) and arrangement. The interplay between ECM components and tissue specific cells gives blood vessels their specialized functional attributes. The core of vascular tissue engineering and regeneration relies on the challenges in creating vascular conduits that match native vessels and adequately regenerate in vivo. Out of numerous vascular regeneration concerns, the relevance of ECM emphasizes much attention toward appropriate choice of scaffold material and further scaffold development strategies. The review is intended to be focused on the various approaches of scaffold materials currently in use in vascular regeneration and current state of the art. Scaffold of choice in vascular tissue engineering ranges from natural to synthetic, decellularized, and even scaffold free approach. The applicability of tubular scaffold for in vivo vascular regeneration is under active investigation. A patent conduit with an ample endothelial luminal layer that can regenerate in vivo remains an unanswered query in the field of small diameter vascular tissue engineering. Besides, scaffolds developed for vascular regeneration, should aim at providing functional substitutes for use in a regenerative approach from the laboratory bench to patient bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Thottappillil
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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Nandkumar MA, Ashna U, Thomas LV, Nair PD. Pulmonary surfactant expression analysis—Role of cell–cell interactions and 3‐D tissue‐like architecture. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:272-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya A. Nandkumar
- Department of Microbial TechnologyBio Medical Technology WingSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyPoojappuraThiruvananthapuramKerala695 012India
| | - U. Ashna
- Department of Microbial TechnologyBio Medical Technology WingSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyPoojappuraThiruvananthapuramKerala695 012India
| | - Lynda V. Thomas
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative TechnologiesBiomedical Technology WingSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyPoojappuraThiruvananthapuramKerala695 012India
| | - Prabha D. Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative TechnologiesBiomedical Technology WingSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyPoojappuraThiruvananthapuramKerala695 012India
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Thomas LV, Nair PD. The effect of pulsatile loading and scaffold structure for the generation of a medial equivalent tissue engineered vascular graft. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:227-39. [PMID: 23741636 PMCID: PMC3666261 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2013.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable and cost-effective scaffold for tissue-engineered vascular graft that would not only support cell proliferation and growth but also maintain cell phenotype has been a long-term challenge. In this study, we propose a biodegradable and biomimetic copolymer of gelatin with vinyl acetate synthesized via a graft copolymerization technique to generate tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. Two fabrication techniques, freeze drying and electrospinning, were used to generate the differing architectures for the scaffolds and characterized. The electrospun scaffolds were found to have a faster rate of mass loss in physiological saline of 81.72% within 4 months compared with 60% mass loss for the freeze-dried samples, though the materials were more crystalline. Vascular (v) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were seeded on these tubes, which were then subjected to dynamic pulsatile stimulation on a vascular bioreactor for a week. Gross examination of the tissue-engineered constructs revealed that the cells secreted extensive extracellular matrix, with the dynamically conditioned samples exhibiting well-orientated SMCs and collagenous fibers in comparison with growth in static conditions. In addition, the alignment of cells in the direction of strain was greater in the electrospun constructs. The electrospun scaffolds maintained the characteristic contractile phenotype of SMCs, which was confirmed by higher gene expression rates of contractile protein markers like SM22α and calponin. A significant increase in the total matrix components (collagen and elastin) in the electrospun constructs compared with the freeze-dried samples was confirmed by biochemical analysis. The results of this study indicate that a combination approach involving a biomimetic scaffold with the nanofibrillar architecture and good mechanical strength conducive to the growth of SMCs and the use of the pulsatile forces to modulate the cell morphology and phenotypic plasticity of vSMCs helps in the successful engineering of a medial layer of blood vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda V Thomas
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology , Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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