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Mallis P, Sokolis DP, Katsimpoulas M, Kostakis A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Improved Repopulation Efficacy of Decellularized Small Diameter Vascular Grafts Utilizing the Cord Blood Platelet Lysate. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8090118. [PMID: 34562940 PMCID: PMC8467559 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8090118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of functional bioengineered small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs), represents a major challenge of tissue engineering. This study aimed to evaluate the repopulation efficacy of biological vessels, utilizing the cord blood platelet lysate (CBPL). METHODS Human umbilical arteries (hUAs, n = 10) were submitted to decellularization. Then, an evaluation of decellularized hUAs, involving histological, biochemical and biomechanical analysis, was performed. Wharton's Jelly (WJ) Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) were isolated and characterized for their properties. Then, WJ-MSCs (1.5 × 106 cells) were seeded on decellularized hUAs (n = 5) and cultivated with (Group A) or without the presence of the CBPL, (Group B) for 30 days. Histological analysis involving immunohistochemistry (against Ki67, for determination of cell proliferation) and indirect immunofluorescence (against activated MAP kinase, additional marker for cell growth and proliferation) was performed. RESULTS The decellularized hUAs retained their initial vessel's properties, in terms of key-specific proteins, the biochemical and biomechanical characteristics were preserved. The evaluation of the repopulation process indicated a more uniform distribution of WJ-MSCs in group A compared to group B. The repopulated vascular grafts of group B were characterized by greater Ki67 and MAP kinase expression compared to group A. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that the CBPL may improve the repopulation efficacy, thus bringing the biological SDVGs one step closer to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106597331 or +30-6971616467; Fax: +30-210-6597345
| | - Dimitrios P. Sokolis
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
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Garmpis N, Damaskos C, Garmpi A, Nikolettos K, Dimitroulis D, Diamantis E, Farmaki P, Patsouras A, Voutyritsa E, Syllaios A, Zografos CG, Antoniou EA, Nikolettos N, Kostakis A, Kontzoglou K, Schizas D, Nonni A. Molecular Classification and Future Therapeutic Challenges of Triple-negative Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 34:1715-1727. [PMID: 32606140 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an extremely diverse group of breast tumors, with aggressive clinical behavior, higher rates of distant recurrence and worse overall survival compared to other types of breast cancers. The genetic, transcriptional histological and clinical heterogeneity of this disease has been an obstacle in the progression of targeted therapeutic approaches, as a ubiquitous TNBC marker has not yet been discerned. In terms of that, current studies focus on the classification of TNBC tumors in subgroups with similar characteristics in order to develop a treatment specialized for each group of patients. To date, a series of gene expression profiles analysis in order to identify the different molecular subtypes have been used. Complementary DNA microarrays, PAM50 assays, DNA and RNA sequencing as well as immunohistochemical analysis are some of the methods utilized to classify TNBC tumors. In 2012, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network conducted a major analysis of breast cancers using six different platforms, the genomic DNA copy number arrays, DNA methylation, exome sequencing, messenger RNA arrays, microRNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein arrays, in order to assort the tumors in homogenous subgroups. Since then, an increasing number of breast cancer data sets are being examined in an attempt to distinguish the classification with biological interpretation and clinical implementation. In this review, the progress in molecular subtyping of TNBC is discussed, providing a brief insight in novel TNBC biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- First Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Nikolettos
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Diamantis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Farmaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Patsouras
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tzanio General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos G Zografos
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios A Antoniou
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Nikolettos
- Obstetric - Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Nonni
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Mentessidou A, Salakos C, Chrousos G, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Kostakis A, Mirilas P. Morphologic alterations of the genital mesentery implicated in testis non-descent in rats prenatally exposed to flutamide. Andrology 2021; 9:440-450. [PMID: 32946666 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an endless debate on whether androgens mediate testis descent through developmental changes in the gubernacular or the cranial suspensory ligament. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation of any possible morphologic changes in the genital mesentery, that is, the system of genital peritoneal folds including the gubernacular and cranial suspensory ligaments, with the event of testis non-descent in rats prenatally exposed to the antiandrogen flutamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Time-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats received flutamide (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle subcutaneously on gestational days 16-17. Flutamide-treated male offspring (n = 67), and vehicle-treated male (n = 34) and female (n = 28) offspring were surgically explored under microscope on postnatal day 50. Testicular position was examined bilaterally. Dimensions of genital mesentery parts were also assessed bilaterally. Association of flutamide-induced morphologic changes with descended (n = 61) and undescended (n = 50; 33 cryptorchid and 17 ectopic) testes was investigated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The male genital mesentery comprised a cranial and a caudal fold converging on the vas deferens. Flutamide resulted in enlarged cranial and reduced caudal folds. Of all flutamide-induced alterations, the increased length of the posterior fixation of the cranial fold and the decreased length of the gubernacular ligament of the caudal fold were found to independently increase the odds of testis non-descent. Testicular ectopy, unlike cryptorchidism, was associated with a short gubernacular ligament only. The female genital mesentery consisted of a cranial fold only. CONCLUSION Our findings showed a combined contribution of both cranial and caudal folds of the genital mesentery to testis non-descent, through an abnormally long mesentery root and an abnormally short gubernacular ligament, respectively. Inhibition of male-specific development of the genital mesentery with flutamide did not result in a feminized architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Salakos
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal & Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Mirilas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Goula A, Gkioka V, Michalopoulos E, Katsimpoulas M, Noutsias M, Sarri EF, Stavropoulos C, Kostakis A. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products Challenges and Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine. J Clin Med Res 2020; 12:780-786. [PMID: 33447311 PMCID: PMC7781285 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the design and development of a modern health policy in the field of regenerative medicine leads to the formation of a new and integrated cognitive field, which requires systematic research and study in order to produce innovative answers and best practices. Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) is a new product category, which is at the heart of concern since it has to deal with diseases in which traditional medicine has proven to be ineffective so far. The aim of this review is to provide evidence for the state of the art ATMPs and their modern applications in the field of regenerative medicine. The ATMPs are characterized by a great heterogeneity and variation in methods of isolation, which cover the entire spectrum from a single intravenous injection to a surgical placement. Clinical development of ATMP encounters specific challenges due to the nature of the product and the limited availability of non-clinical data. The gold standard of a controlled, randomized, clinical trial may not be feasible or ethically justified for all indications, particularly in life-threatening diseases, where there is no satisfactory standard of care. Therefore, the European Commission (EC) took initiatives in order to set standards and operating rules concerning authorization and supervision of ATMPs and on pharmacovigilance in relation to them. The European Union (EU) Regulation 1394/2007 provides the possibility of exceptions. In particular, the “hospital exemption” allows for the administration of an ATMP without a license on certain conditions. Although the Regulation 1394/2007 has led to the commercial exploitation of ATMPs, the reality today, 11 years after its first implementation, is completely different. While the Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT) has already registered 285 products as ATMPs, only 10 licenses were granted which only remained six (the rest related to products withdrawn). The key players in the development and delivery of ATMPs still remain the academic/research centers and small and medium-sized enterprises; while the involvement of pharmaceutical companies is focusing on recent developments in the treatment of oncological incidents with in vitro modified cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Goula
- Business Administration-Health and Welfare Management, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Gkioka
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4th Soranou Efessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4th Soranou Efessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4th Soranou Efessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eirini Faidra Sarri
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4th Soranou Efessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4th Soranou Efessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4th Soranou Efessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
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Mallis P, Kostakis A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Future Perspectives in Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E160. [PMID: 33321830 PMCID: PMC7763104 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased demands of small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) globally has forced the scientific society to explore alternative strategies utilizing the tissue engineering approaches. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises one of the most lethal groups of non-communicable disorders worldwide. It has been estimated that in Europe, the healthcare cost for the administration of CVD is more than 169 billion €. Common manifestations involve the narrowing or occlusion of blood vessels. The replacement of damaged vessels with autologous grafts represents one of the applied therapeutic approaches in CVD. However, significant drawbacks are accompanying the above procedure; therefore, the exploration of alternative vessel sources must be performed. Engineered SDVGs can be produced through the utilization of non-degradable/degradable and naturally derived materials. Decellularized vessels represent also an alternative valuable source for the development of SDVGs. In this review, a great number of SDVG engineering approaches will be highlighted. Importantly, the state-of-the-art methodologies, which are currently employed, will be comprehensively presented. A discussion summarizing the key marks and the future perspectives of SDVG engineering will be included in this review. Taking into consideration the increased number of patients with CVD, SDVG engineering may assist significantly in cardiovascular reconstructive surgery and, therefore, the overall improvement of patients' life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
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Mallis P, Sokolis DP, Makridakis M, Zoidakis J, Velentzas AD, Katsimpoulas M, Vlahou A, Kostakis A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Insights into Biomechanical and Proteomic Characteristics of Small Diameter Vascular Grafts Utilizing the Human Umbilical Artery. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E280. [PMID: 32785189 PMCID: PMC7460081 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold standard vascular substitutes, used in cardiovascular surgery, are the Dacron or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-derived grafts. However, major adverse reactions accompany their use. For this purpose, decellularized human umbilical arteries (hUAs) may be proven as a significant source for the development of small diameter conduits. The aim of this study was the evaluation of a decellularization protocol in hUAs. To study the effect of the decellularization to the hUAs, histological analysis was performed. Then, native and decellularized hUAs were biochemically and biomechanically evaluated. Finally, broad proteomic analysis was applied. Histological analysis revealed the successful decellularization of the hUAs. Furthermore, a great amount of DNA was removed from the decellularized hUAs. Biomechanical analysis revealed statistically significant differences in longitudinal direction only in maximum stress (p < 0.013) and strain (p < 0.001). On the contrary, all parameters tested for circumferential direction exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05). Proteomic analysis showed the preservation of the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal proteins in both groups. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020187. The above results indicated that hUAs were efficiently decellularized. The tissue function properties of these conduits were well retained, making them ideal candidates for the development of small diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Dimitrios P. Sokolis
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Biotechnology division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (J.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biotechnology division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (J.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Athanasios D. Velentzas
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 161 Gr. Kousidi, Zografos, Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (J.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
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Mallis P, Katsimpoulas M, Kostakis A, Dipresa D, Korossis S, Papapanagiotou A, Kassi E, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Vitrified Human Umbilical Arteries as Potential Grafts for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:285-299. [PMID: 32170557 PMCID: PMC7260347 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of a biological based small diameter vascular graft (d < 6 mm), that can be properly stored over a long time period at - 196 °C, in order to directly be used to the patients, still remains a challenge. In this study the decellularized umbilical arteries (UAs) where vitrified, evaluated their composition and implanted to a porcine model, thus serving as vascular graft. METHODS Human UAs were decellularized using 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergents. Then, vitrified with vitrification solution 55 (VS55) solution, remained for 6 months in liquid nitrogen and their extracellular matrix composition was compared to conventionally cryopreserved UAs. Additionally, total hydroxyproline, sulphated glycosaminoglycan and DNA content were quantified in all samples. Finally, the vitrified umbilical arteries implanted as common carotid artery interposition graft to a porcine animal model. RESULTS Decellularized and vitrified UAs characterized by proper preservation of extracellular matrix proteins and tissue architecture, whereas conventionally cryopreserved samples exhibited a disorganized structure. Total hydroxyproline content was preserved, although sulphated glycosaminoglycan and DNA contents presented significantly alterations in all samples. Implanted UAs successfully recellularized and remodeled as indicated by the histological analysis. CONCLUSION Decellularized and vitrified UAs retained their structure function properties and can be possible used as an alternative source for readily accessible small diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology Unit of Red Cross Hospital Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chamistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece.
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniele Dipresa
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sotiris Korossis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Aggeliki Papapanagiotou
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology Unit of Red Cross Hospital Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chamistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology Unit of Red Cross Hospital Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chamistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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Andromanakos N, Filippou D, Karandreas N, Kostakis A. Puborectalis muscle and External Anal Sphincter: a functional unit? Turk J Gastroenterol 2020; 31:342-343. [PMID: 32412905 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Andromanakos
- Department of General Surgery, Athens General Hospital "Evagelismos-Athens Eye Hospital-Polykliniki", Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Filippou
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Karandreas
- First Department of Neurology, Athens University Medical School, Hospital "Eginitio", Athens, Greece
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Mallis P, Papapanagiotou A, Katsimpoulas M, Kostakis A, Siasos G, Kassi E, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Efficient differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells from Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stromal cells using human platelet lysate: A potential cell source for small blood vessel engineering. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:203-221. [PMID: 32266052 PMCID: PMC7118289 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of fully functional small diameter vascular grafts requires both a properly defined vessel conduit and tissue-specific cellular populations. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from the Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) tissue can be used as a source for obtaining vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), while the human umbilical arteries (hUAs) can serve as a scaffold for blood vessel engineering.
AIM To develop VSMCs from WJ-MSCs utilizing umbilical cord blood platelet lysate.
METHODS WJ-MSCs were isolated and expanded until passage (P) 4. WJ-MSCs were properly defined according to the criteria of the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy. Then, these cells were differentiated into VSMCs with the use of platelet lysate from umbilical cord blood in combination with ascorbic acid, followed by evaluation at the gene and protein levels. Specifically, gene expression profile analysis of VSMCs for ACTA2, MYH11, TGLN, MYOCD, SOX9, NANOG homeobox, OCT4 and GAPDH, was performed. In addition, immunofluorescence against ACTA2 and MYH11 in combination with DAPI staining was also performed in VSMCs. HUAs were decellularized and served as scaffolds for possible repopulation by VSMCs. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed in repopulated hUAs.
RESULTS WJ-MSCs exhibited fibroblastic morphology, successfully differentiating into “osteocytes”, “adipocytes” and “chondrocytes”, and were characterized by positive expression (> 90%) of CD90, CD73 and CD105. In addition, WJ-MSCs were successfully differentiated into VSMCs with the proposed differentiation protocol. VSMCs successfully expressed ACTA2, MYH11, MYOCD, TGLN and SOX9. Immunofluorescence results indicated the expression of ACTA2 and MYH11 in VSMCs. In order to determine the functionality of VSMCs, hUAs were isolated and decellularized. Based on histological analysis, decellularized hUAs were free of any cellular or nuclear materials, while their extracellular matrix retained intact. Then, repopulation of decellularized hUAs with VSMCs was performed for 3 wk. Decellularized hUAs were repopulated efficiently by the VSMCs. Biochemical analysis revealed the increase of total hydroyproline and sGAG contents in repopulated hUAs with VSMCs. Specifically, total hydroxyproline and sGAG content after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd wk was 71 ± 10, 74 ± 9 and 86 ± 8 μg hydroxyproline/mg of dry tissue weight and 2 ± 1, 3 ± 1 and 3 ± 1 μg sGAG/mg of dry tissue weight, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between all study groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION VSMCs were successfully obtained from WJ-MSCs with the proposed differentiation protocol. Furthermore, hUAs were efficiently repopulated by VSMCs. Differentiated VSMCs from WJ-MSCs could provide an alternative source of cells for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Papapanagiotou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian Univesity of Athens, Athens 15772, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian Univesity of Athens, Athens 15772, Greece
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 15231, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian Univesity of Athens, Athens 15772, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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10
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Gouliopoulos NS, Kalogeropoulos C, Lavaris A, Rouvas A, Asproudis I, Garmpi A, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Kostakis A, Moschos MM. Association of serum inflammatory markers and diabetic retinopathy: a review of literature. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:7113-7128. [PMID: 30468452 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201811_16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the western world, among the working-age people. Its exact pathogenesis, however, remains obscure. Systemic inflammation is regarded to play a significant role in diabetes by contributing, among others, to the development of diabetic retinopathy. This review focuses on the possible involvement of the systemic inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a systematic search of the literature of published papers until August 2017 using the PubMed search engine. RESULTS We demonstrated that many systemic inflammatory markers contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of retinopathy, while we highlighted in several occasions their usefulness as a key tool in the monitoring of the disease progression and the treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge this is the first review in the literature that elaborates the possible association of serum inflammatory markers and diabetic retinopathy, a disease that may cause irreversible loss of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Gouliopoulos
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, 'G. Genimmatas' General Hospital Athens, Holargos Athens, Greece.
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11
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Garmpis N, Damaskos C, Garmpi A, Spartalis E, Kalampokas E, Kalampokas T, Margonis GA, Schizas D, Andreatos N, Angelou A, Lavaris A, Athanasiou A, Apostolou KG, Spartalis M, Damaskou Z, Daskalopoulou A, Diamantis E, Tsivelekas K, Alavanos A, Valsami S, Moschos MM, Sampani A, Nonni A, Antoniou EA, Mantas D, Tsourouflis G, Markatos K, Kontzoglou K, Perrea D, Nikiteas N, Kostakis A, Dimitroulis D. Targeting histone deacetylases in endometrial cancer: a paradigm-shifting therapeutic strategy? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:950-960. [PMID: 29509243 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201802_14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometrial cancer is increasingly prevalent in western societies and affects mainly postmenopausal women; notably incidence rates have been rising by 1.9% per year on average since 2005. Although the early-stage endometrial cancer can be effectively managed with surgery, more advanced stages of the disease require multimodality treatment with varying results. In recent years, endometrial cancer has been extensively studied at the molecular level in an attempt to develop effective therapies. Recently, a family of compounds that alter epigenetic expression, namely histone deacetylase inhibitors, have shown promise as possible therapeutic agents in endometrial cancer. The present review aims to discuss the therapeutic potential of these agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This literature review was performed using the MEDLINE database; the search terms histone, deacetylase, inhibitors, endometrial, targeted therapies for endometrial cancer were employed to identify relevant studies. We only reviewed English language publications and also considered studies that were not entirely focused on endometrial cancer. Ultimately, sixty-four articles published until January 2018 were incorporated into our review. RESULTS Studies in cell cultures have demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitors exert their antineoplastic activity by promoting expression of p21WAF1 and p27KIP1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, that have important roles in cell cycle regulation; importantly, the transcription of specific genes (e.g., E-cadherin, PTEN) that are commonly silenced in endometrial cancer is also enhanced. In addition to these abstracts effects, novel compounds with histone deacetylase inhibitor activity (e.g., scriptaid, trichostatin, entinostat) have also demonstrated significant antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo, by liming tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis and potentiating the effects of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The applications of histone deacetylase inhibitors in endometrial cancer appear promising; nonetheless, additional trials are necessary to establish the therapeutic role, clinical utility, and safety of these promising compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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12
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Damaskos C, Kaskantamis A, Garmpis N, Dimitroulis D, Mantas D, Garmpi A, Sakellariou S, Angelou A, Syllaios A, Kostakis A, Lampadariou E, Floros I, Revenas K, Antoniou EA. Intensive care unit outcomes following orthotopic liver transplantation: single-center experience and review of the literature. G Chir 2019; 40:463-480. [PMID: 32007108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) is the treatment of choice for patients with end stage liver disease, acute liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic disorders. As a result of improvement in surgical and anesthesiological skills, advanced understanding of transplant immunology and better critical care management of complications, patients survive longer after liver transplantation. It has been gradually achieved one-year survival rates of 80-90%. During the early post-operative period, all patients undergoing OLT are admitted to the intensive care unit, as they need a management of both preexisting patient's conditions and post-operative complications, usually due to either adverse intra-operative or post-operative events. The purpose of this review is the detailed recording, understanding and interpretation of immediate post-operative complications occurred in patients undergoing OLT, in intensive care unit. This could help to improve patient's treatment and reduce the incidence of complications, with further reduction of morbidity-mortality and cost. We also present our experience from the first 32 OLT patients from Liver Transplantation Unit of Laiko General Hospital, the only Liver Transplantation Unit in Athens. MATERIALS AND METHODS This literature review was performed using the MEDLINE database. The key words were; Orthotopic liver transplantation; intensive care unit; post-operative complications; outcomes. One hundred-sixteen articles published in English until 2018 were used. We also use all the results from our 32 patients from our Liver Transplantation Unit during the period 07/2006 to 07/2009. RESULTS All patients undergoing OLT admitted to the intensive care unit for a period of time, depending on the occurrence of post-operative complications. The incidence of primary failure ranges between 2-14%, whereas post-operative bleeding ranges between 7-15%. The treatment is usually conservative, although surgical repair may need in 10-15%. Acute renal failure post-operative is not an infrequent problem too, and has been reported to occur in 9% to 78% of cases. Acute rejection normally occurs 7-14 days after OLT. Additionally, the delay of the weaning from mechanical ventilation in the immediate post-operative period could increase the complications. Infectious complications are quite common almost from the first post-operative day in intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged intensive care stay could increase the complications post-operative Infectious complications, renal and respiratory impairment are among the most common causes of early post-transplant morbidity and mortality.
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13
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Gontika I, Katsimpoulas M, Antoniou E, Kostakis A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Decellularized Human Umbilical Artery Used as Nerve Conduit. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5040100. [PMID: 30469361 PMCID: PMC6315692 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of injuries to peripheral nerves after a segmental defect is one of the most challenging surgical problems. Despite advancements in microsurgical techniques, complete recovery of nerve function after repair has not been achieved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the decellularized human umbilical artery (hUA) as nerve guidance conduit. A segmental peripheral nerve injury was created in 24 Sprague–Dawley rats. The animals were organized into two experimental groups with different forms of repair: decellularized hUA (n = 12), and autologous nerve graft (n = 12). Sciatic faction index and gastrocnemius muscle values were calculated for functional recovery evaluation. Nerve morphometry was used to analyze nerve regeneration. Results showed that decellularized hUAs after implantation were rich in nerve fibers and characterized by improved Sciatic Functional index (SFI) values. Decellularized hUA may support elongation and bridging of the 10 mm nerve gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Gontika
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foudation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstathios Antoniou
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens, Medical School, "Laiko" General Hospital 17 Agios Thomas Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foudation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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14
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Gkioka V, Tsirigotis P, Sarris M, Soulis S, Apostolou A, Noutsias M, Dimitriadis G, Kostakis A, Boletis I, Karabinis A. Biovigilance for the Quality and Safety of Medical Products of Human Origin. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10:857-867. [PMID: 30425757 PMCID: PMC6225864 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3549w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in science and technology in the health services has led to the development of methods of regenerating and replacing solid organs, tissues and cells, using human body components to create medical products of human origin intended for clinical use. In the activities in which products of human origin are used, however, from the point of donation and harvesting to the subsequent care of the recipient, medical products of human origin are exposed to the risk of specific complications related to the transmission of infectious diseases, and further side-effects. Biovigilance system application is a basic requirement for ensuring the quality and safety of tissues and cells intended for human use. The quality system focuses on error prevention, maintaining a consistent pattern of agreed assays for tissues and cells intended for clinical use. The implementation of quality and safety standards, the development of medical protocols and cooperation protocols between member states, the implementation of Single European Code (SEC), and the development of electronic traceability systems, all aim at vigilance and the surveillance of medical products of human origin from donation to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkioka
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsirigotis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, "Attiko" University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Markos Sarris
- Health and Social Care Management, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Soulis
- Health and Social Care Management, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Apostolou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Mid-German Heart Center, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Georgios Dimitriadis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, "Attiko" University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Boletis
- Nephrology Clinic and Kidney Transplant Unit, "Laiko" General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Karabinis
- The Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Aravanis CV, Kapelouzou A, Vagios S, Tsilimigras DI, Katsimpoulas M, Moris D, Demesticha TD, Schizas D, Kostakis A, Machairas A, Liakakos T. Toll-Like Receptors -2, -3, -4 and -7 Expression Patterns in the Liver of a CLP-Induced Sepsis Mouse Model. J INVEST SURG 2018; 33:109-117. [PMID: 29847187 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1476630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the liver of septic mouse model. Materials and methods: For this study seventy-two C57BL/6J mice were utilized. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in the mice of the three septic (S) groups (euthanized at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours). Sham (laparotomy)- operated mice constituted the control (C) groups (euthanized at 24, 48 and 72 hours). Blood samples were drawn and liver tissues were extracted and examined histologically. The expression of TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 7 was assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qrt-PCR (quantitative- Polymerase Chain Reaction). Results: Liver function tests were elevated in all S-groups in contrast to their time-equivalent control groups (S24 versus C24, S48 versus C48 and S72 versus C72) (p < 0.05). Liver histology displayed progressive deterioration in the septic groups. IHC and qrt-PCR both showed an increased expression of all TLRs in the septic mice in comparison to their analogous control ones (p < 0.05). Analysis of livers and intestines of the septic animals proved that all TLRs were significantly expressed in higher levels in the intestinal tissues at 24h and 48h (p < 0.05) except for TLR 3 in S48 (p > 0.05); whereas at 72 hours only TLR 4 levels were significantly elevated in the intestine (p < 0.05). Conclusion: TLRs seem to be expressed in significant levels in the livers of septic rodents, indicating that they have a possible role in the pathophysiology of liver damage in septic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysostomos V Aravanis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkistis Kapelouzou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Vagios
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Theano D Demesticha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Machairas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Liakakos
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkiviadis Kostakis
- From the Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Damaskos C, Tomos I, Garmpis N, Karakatsani A, Dimitroulis D, Garmpi A, Spartalis E, Kampolis CF, Tsagkari E, Loukeri AA, Margonis GA, Spartalis M, Andreatos N, Schizas D, Kokkineli S, Antoniou EA, Nonni A, Tsourouflis G, Markatos K, Kontzoglou K, Kostakis A, Tomos P. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as a Novel Targeted Therapy Against Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Where Are We Now and What Should We Expect? Anticancer Res 2018; 38:37-43. [PMID: 29277754 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer constitutes the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for 85-90% of lung cancer, and is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite the progress during the past years, poor prognosis remains a challenge and requires further research and development of novel antitumor treatment. Recently, the role of histone deacetylases in gene expression has emerged showing their regulation of the acetylation of histone proteins and other non-histone protein targets and their role in chromatin organization, while their inhibitors, the histone deacetylase inhibitors, have been proposed to have a potential therapeutic role in diverse malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer. This review article focuses on the role of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and the major molecular mechanisms underlying their antitumor activity recognized so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Damaskos
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece .,N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tomos
- Second Pulmonary Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- Second Pulmonary Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- Internal Medicine Department, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos F Kampolis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsagkari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki A Loukeri
- Respiratory Care Unit, Sotiria Hospital, General Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Spartalis
- Division of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Andreatos
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, ML, U.S.A
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Kokkineli
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios A Antoniou
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Nonni
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Periklis Tomos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Doumouchtsis EK, Tzani A, Doulamis IP, Konstantopoulos P, Laskarina-Maria K, Agrogiannis G, Agapitos E, Moschos MM, Kostakis A, Perrea DN. Effect of Saffron on Metabolic Profile and Retina in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Diet Suppl 2017; 15:471-481. [PMID: 28937827 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1356417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saffron is a spice that has been traditionally used as a regimen for a variety of diseases due to its potent antioxidant attributes. It is well documented that impaired systemic oxidative status is firmly associated with diverse adverse effects including retinal damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of saffron administration against the retinal damage in apoE -/- mice fed a high-fat diet, since they constitute a designated experimental model susceptible to oxidative stress. Twenty-one mice were allocated into three groups: Group A (control, n = 7 c57bl/6 mice) received standard chow diet; Group B (high-fat, n = 7 apoE -/- mice) received a high-fat diet; and Group C (high-fat and saffron, n = 7 apoE -/- mice) received a high-fat diet and saffron (25 mg/kg/d) through their drinking water. The duration of the study was 20 weeks. Lipidemic profile, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), and total oxidative capacity (PerOX) were measured in blood serum. Histological analysis of retina was also conducted. Administration of saffron resulted in enhanced glycemic control and preservation of retinal thickness when compared with apoE -/- mice fed a high-fat diet. The outcomes of the study suggest the potential protective role of saffron against retinal damage induced by oxidative stress. Nevertheless, verification of these results in humans is required before any definite conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos K Doumouchtsis
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Aspasia Tzani
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Konstantopoulos
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Korou Laskarina-Maria
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Agrogiannis
- b Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Pathology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Emmanouil Agapitos
- b Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Pathology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- c Faculty of Medicine, University Eye Clinic, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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19
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Kapelouzou A, Giaglis S, Peroulis M, Katsimpoulas M, Moustardas P, Aravanis CV, Kostakis A, Karayannakos PE, Cokkinos DV. Overexpression of Toll-Like Receptors 2, 3, 4, and 8 Is Correlated to the Vascular Atherosclerotic Process in the Hyperlipidemic Rabbit Model: The Effect of Statin Treatment. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:156-169. [PMID: 28478461 DOI: 10.1159/000457797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease; hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor. We hypothesized that specific TLR members (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR8) may play a role in atherosclerosis progression and its accompanying inflammatory response. We determined the association of atherosclerotic lesions and TLR mRNA expression in different aortic sites. We also assessed the effects of fluvastatin (Flu) treatment on TLR expression and plaque characteristics. METHODS Male rabbits, fed with an atherogenic diet for a duration of 3 months, were screened for advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. Additional animals received normal diet or normal diet plus Flu for 1 additional month. TLR mRNA expression in various thoracic and abdominal aortic segments was assessed, together with atherosclerotic changes. RESULTS After high lipid diet, the atherosclerotic burden increased more in the abdominal than in the thoracic aorta; TLR2, 3, 4, and 8 also increased significantly. Flu decreased atherosclerotic plaque, calcium deposition, lipid cores, intraplaque hemorrhage, erythrocyte membranes, endothelial cells, and macrophage infiltration, while increasing smooth muscle cells in plaques of both aortic segments; it also lowered TLR2, 3, 4, and 8 expression in all aortic segments to a stronger degree than resumption of normal diet. There was a strong association between blood and tissue parameters during experimental period and finally a strong correlation found between these parameters with mRNA of TLR2, 3, 4, and 8 in various stages. CONCLUSION For the first time TLR2, 3, 4, and 8 mRNA expression is prospectively explored after hypercholesterolemic diet in the rabbit model. TLR2, 3, 4, and 8 mRNA expression is strongly upregulated and correlates with the progression of atherosclerosis in the aorta. Flu significantly inhibited this progress and reduced inflammation via TLR downregulation which was strongly associated with regression of plaque morphology and atherosclerosis promoting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkistis Kapelouzou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Katsimpoulas M, Kadoglou NE, Moustardas P, Kapelouzou A, Dede E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Karayannacos PE, Kostakis A, Liapis CD. The role of exercise training and the endocannabinoid system in atherosclerotic plaque burden and composition in Apo-E-deficient mice. Hellenic J Cardiol 2017; 57:417-425. [PMID: 28254386 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effect of combining exercise training and treatment with an endocannabinoid receptor 1 inhibitor (Rimonabant) on atherosclerosis burden and composition. METHODS Forty-eight apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were kept on a 16-week high-fat diet. Mice were then placed on a normal diet and were randomized to the following groups with n=12 mice for 6 more weeks: 1) Control (Co) - no intervention; 2) Exercise (Ex) - exercise training on treadmill; 3) Rimonabant (Ri) - oral administration of rimonabant (10 mg/kg/day); or 4) Rimonabant+Exercise (RiEx) - combination of Ri and Ex groups treatment. At the end, all animals were sacrificed, and blood samples, as well as aortic root specimens, were obtained for histomorphometric analysis and quantification of the serum and plaque content of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). RESULTS The mean plaque area was significantly smaller (RiEx: 43.18±1.72%, Ri: 44.66±3.1%, Ex: 49±4.10%, Co: 70.43±2.83%) in all active treatment groups relative to the Co group (p<0.01). Conversely, the relative concentrations of collagen and elastin were increased significantly across all treatment groups compared to Co (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly reduced macrophage content within plaques after all interventions, with the most pronounced effect observed after combined treatment (RiEx: 9.4±3.92%, Ri: 15±2.45%, Ex: 19.78±2.79%, Co: 34.25±4.99%; p<0.05). Within plaques, the TIMP-1 concentration was significantly upregulated in exercise-treated groups. MMP-3 and MMP-9 concentrations were equivalently decreased in all three active treatment groups compared to controls (p<0.001). DISCUSSION Both exercise and rimonabant treatments induced plaque regression and promoted plaque stability. The combined treatment failed to show additive or synergistic benefits relative to either intervention alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos E Kadoglou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Moustardas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Alkistis Kapelouzou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Dede
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis E Karayannacos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos D Liapis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
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Athanasiadis D, Kapelouzou A, Martikos G, Katsimpoulas M, Schizas D, Vasdekis SN, Kostakis A, Liakakos TD, Lazaris AM. Remote Ischemic Preconditioning May Attenuate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Porcine Model of Supraceliac Aortic Cross-Clamping. J Vasc Res 2015; 52:161-71. [PMID: 26745363 DOI: 10.1159/000439219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in decreasing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during a suprarenal aortic cross-clamping was examined in a swine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of pigs were examined: (a) ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group, renal IRI produced by 30 min of supraceliac aortic cross-clamping; (b) RIPC I group, the same renal IRI following RIPC by brief occlusion of the infrarenal aorta (15 min ischemia and 15 min reperfusion); (c) RIPC II group, the same renal IRI following RIPC by brief occlusion of the infrarenal aorta (3 cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion); (d) sham group. Renal function was assessed before and after IRI by examining creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA), cystatin C and C-reactive protein (CRP) from renal vein blood samples at specific time intervals. RESULTS Both RIPC groups presented significantly less impaired results compared to the IR group when considering MDA, cystatin C, CRP and creatinine. Between the two RIPC groups, RIPC II presented a better response with regard to CRP, NGAL, TNF-α, MDA and cystatin C. CONCLUSIONS Remote IR protocols and mainly repetitive short periods of cycles of IR ameliorate the biochemical kidney effects of IRI in a model of suprarenal aortic aneurysm repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Athanasiadis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
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Chrisostomidis C, Konofaos P, Karypidis D, Lazaris A, Kostakis A, Papadopoulos O. The impact of Ets-1 oncoprotein and human endoglin (CD105) on the recurrence of non-melanoma skin cancers. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:989-95. [PMID: 26173753 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate if the expression of CD105 and Ets-1 was predictive of aggressive biologic behavior of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and to evaluate indicators of local recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 144 patients with NMSC were included in the current study. Surgical specimens were independently examined for diagnosis confirmation and immunohistochemical expression of Ets-1 and CD105 by two dermatopathologists. RESULTS The most common tumor type was basal cell carcinoma (n = 76), followed by squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (n = 65). The most common anatomic location was the head and neck area (n = 115). The follow-up was ˃ 2 years in all examined cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between tumor local recurrence and age (P = 0.03), Ets-1 expression (P ˂ 0.0001) and CD105 expression (P ˂ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that both Ets-1 and CD105 show promise as prognostic markers for local recurrence of NMSC. However, this statement is made with caution, and additional studies, with larger populations, are necessary to examine the correlation between these two markers and local recurrence. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of local recurrence in primary NMSC may result in potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petros Konofaos
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Andreas Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Othon Papadopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery, "Andreas Syggros" Hospital, Athens, Greece.,2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
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Florou E, Koukoulaki M, Theodoros T, Kalatzis V, Vougas V, Stamataki E, Kokkinou VC, Kostakis A, Drakopoulos S. Successful Living-Related Renal Allograft in a Recipient With Factor V Leiden Deficiency: A Case Report. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2015; 15:96-99. [PMID: 26102090 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2014.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thrombophilia due to activated protein C resistance (Leiden mutation) is the most common inherited thrombophilic disorder with 5% incidence in whites. Renal transplant of these patients entails a risk of vascular thrombosis soon after the transplant; and acute rejection episodes and graft loss within the first year. We present a case of a successful living-related renal transplant in man with a recent history of repeat episodes of vascular access thrombosis attributed to inherited thrombophilia (heterozygosity for factor V mutation Q506 and homozygosity for mutation T677 for methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase). Transplant recipient was administered anticoagulation therapy with low molecular weight heparin pre- and postoperatively. No thrombotic or hemorrhagic events occurred posttransplant. A high suspicion of thrombophilic disorders in patients with end-stage renal disease with vascular access thrombotic events should be screened further to prevent failure of a subsequent renal transplant. Inherited thrombophilic disorders may not exclude living-related kidney transplant provided that anticoagulation therapy is admin-istered perioperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Florou
- From the First Department of Surgery Transplant Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece
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Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Karatzas T, Nikolidakis L, Kostakis ID, Garmpi A, Karamaroudis S, Boutsikos G, Damaskou Z, Kostakis A, Kouraklis G. Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors: Current Evidence for Therapeutic Activities in Pancreatic Cancer. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:3129-3135. [PMID: 26026072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Current standard treatments include surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy but patient's prognosis remains poor and present severe side-effects. Contemporary oncology found a wide variety of novel anticancer drugs that regulate the epigenetic mechanisms of tumor genesis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes with pleiotropic activities that control critical functions of the cell through regulation of the acetylation states of histone proteins and other non-histone protein targets. They are divided into four groups, each with different localization in the cell, role and structure. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are substances, which inhibit the function of HDACs. We recognize four leading groups (hydroxamic acid, cyclic tetrapeptide, benzamide, aliphatic acid). There are many HDACIs currently in pre-clinical and two (vorinostat, romidepsin) in clinical stages of investigation for pancreatic cancer. Numerous studies argue for the use HDACIs as monotherapy, others suggest that combination of HDACIs with other antitumor drugs has better therapeutic results. This review focuses on the use of HDACIs as novel anticancer drugs and will explain the mechanisms of therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Damaskos
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Karatzas
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Lampros Nikolidakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Ygeias Melathron" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kostakis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Zoi Damaskou
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Ygeias Melathron" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gregory Kouraklis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Katsimpoulas M, Morticelli L, Michalopoulos E, Gontika I, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Kostakis A, Haverich A, Korossis S. Investigation of the Biomechanical Integrity of Decellularized Rat Abdominal Aorta. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:1228-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Patsouras D, Papaxoinis K, Kostakis A, Safioleas MC, Lazaris AC, Nicolopoulou-Stamati P. Fibroblast activation protein and its prognostic significance in correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4585-90. [PMID: 25625587 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a selective protein for tumor stromal fibroblasts, is expressed in >90% of human epithelial carcinomas. A characteristic feature of pancreatic cancer is an extensive fibrotic or desmoplastic reaction surrounding the primary tumor. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of FAP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and determine their correlation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and conventional immunohistochemical analysis were used to quantify FAP and VEGF expression levels in formalin‑fixed and paraffin‑embedded tissue biopsies from 46 patients (male, 26; female, 20; mean age, 66 years; age range, 53‑80 years) with pancreatic adenocarcinoma stage IIA or IIB. The expression levels of FAP in the neoplastic and adjacent normal tissue were significantly higher in stage IIB patients, compared with stage IIA patients. FAP expression was correlated with positive lymph nodes, resulting in poor prognosis for stage IIB patients. The partial correlation coefficient between FAP and VEGF expression levels was 0.39 (P=0.007), and the two factors had an effect on patient survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the prognostic superiority of FAP over VEGF, which is considered to be the most consistently reproducible molecular marker with prognostic value in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Due to the limited beneficial effect of current systemic therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, targeting FAP may be a potential therapeutic strategy and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Patsouras
- Department of GI Surgery, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kostis Papaxoinis
- Gastroenterology Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine‑Propaedeutic, 'Laiko' General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens GR‑11527, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens GR‑11527, Greece
| | - Michael C Safioleas
- Fourth Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Attikon Hospital of Athens, Athens GR-12462, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Athens University Medical School, Athens GR‑11527, Greece
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Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Karatzas T, Kostakis ID, Nikolidakis L, Kostakis A, Kouraklis G. Nuclear receptors in pancreatic tumor cells. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:6897-6911. [PMID: 25503115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM This review focuses on nuclear receptors expressed in pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive search of articles published up to March 2013 was conducted using the MEDLINE database. The key words used were "pancreatic cancer", "molecular receptors" and "growth factors". A total of 112 articles referred to pancreatic cancer, molecular receptors and/or growth factors were included. RESULTS Receptors of growth factors, such as the epithelial growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and others, such as integrin α5β1, somatostatin receptors, the death receptor 5, claudin, notch receptors, mesothelin receptors, follicle-stimulating hormone receptors, the MUC1 receptor, the adrenomedullin receptor, the farnesoid X receptor, the transferrin receptor, sigma-2 receptors, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, the ephrine A2 receptor, the GRIA3 receptor, the RON receptor and the angiotensin II receptor AT-1 are expressed in pancreatic tumor cells. These molecules are implicated in tumor growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis etc. CONCLUSION After identifying the molecular receptors associated with the pancreatic cancer, many more target molecules playing important roles in tumor pathophysiology and senescence-associated signal transduction in cancer cells will be identified. This may have a significant influence on diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Damaskos
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Karatzas
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kostakis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Lampros Nikolidakis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kouraklis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Moustardas P, Kadoglou NPE, Katsimpoulas M, Kapelouzou A, Kostomitsopoulos N, Karayannacos PE, Kostakis A, Liapis CD. The complementary effects of atorvastatin and exercise treatment on the composition and stability of the atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108240. [PMID: 25264981 PMCID: PMC4180453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined atorvastatin and exercise treatment on the composition and stability of the atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoproteinE (apoE) knockout mice. Methods Forty male, apoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Thereafter, while maintained on high-fat diet, they were randomized into four (n = 10) groups for 8 additional weeks: Group CO: Control. Group AT: Atorvastatin treatment (10 mg/Kg/day). Group EX: Exercise-training on treadmill. Group AT+EX: Atorvastatin and simultaneous exercise training. At the study’s end, plasma cholesterol levels, lipids and triglycerides were measured, along with the circulating concentrations of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP-2,3,8,9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1,2,3). Plaque area and the relative concentrations of collagen, elastin, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, MMP-2,3,8,9 and TIMP-1,2,3 within plaques were determined. Lastly, MMP activity was assessed in the aortic arch. Results All intervention groups showed a lower degree of lumen stenosis, with atheromatous plaques containing more collagen and elastin. AT+EX group had less stenosis and more elastin compared to single intervention groups. MMP-3,-8 -9 and macrophage intra-plaque levels were reduced in all intervention groups. EX group had increased TIMP-1 levels within the lesions, while TIMP-2 was decreased in all intervention groups. The blood levels of the above molecules increased during atherosclerosis development, but they did not change after the therapeutic interventions in accordance to their intra-plaque levels. Conclusion The two therapeutic strategies act with synergy regarding the extent of the lesions and lumen stenosis. They stabilize the plaque, increasing its content in elastin and collagen, by influencing the MMP/TIMP equilibrium, which is mainly associated with the macrophage amount. While the increased MMP-2,-3,-8 -9, as well as TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 circulating levels are markers of atherosclerosis, they are not correlated with their corresponding concentrations within the lesions after the therapeutic interventions, and cannot serve as markers for the disease development/amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Moustardas
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikolaos P. E. Kadoglou
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkistis Kapelouzou
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos D. Liapis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, «Attikon» Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Tziakas D, Chalikias G, Kapelouzou A, Tentes I, Schäfer K, Karayannakos P, Kostakis A, Boudoulas H, Konstantinides S. Erythrocyte membrane cholesterol and lipid core growth in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis: modulatory effects of rosuvastatin. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Andromanakos N, Filippou D, Pinis S, Kostakis A. An unusual synchronous ileosigmoid and ileoileal knotting: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:200. [PMID: 24942469 PMCID: PMC4077116 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ileosigmoid and ileoileal knotting are two rare entities. They usually present as acute abdomen and the diagnosis is established intraoperatively. The treatment is surgical and should be performed as soon as possible to decrease the incidence of perioperative mortality and morbidity. Case presentation We report an unusual case of a 26-year-old Argentine man with ischemic necrosis in parts of his small and large intestine due to combined ileosigmoid and ileoileal knotting. He had an ileal loop of ileum concurrently wrapped around the neck of a sigmoid volvulus and other loops of ileum strangulating them, forming two different tangles of tying. This very rare and unusual entity was diagnosed and managed intraoperatively during a diagnostic laparotomy performed on an emergency basis. Both the gangrenous small bowel loops and the affected sigmoid colon area were resected. The continuation of the intestinal tract was restored by primary end-to-end anastomoses. The present case is unusual and to the best of our knowledge no similar cases of simultaneous ileosigmoid and ileoileal knotting have been described in the literature. The postoperative course of our patient was uneventful and he was discharged from the hospital on the 15th postoperative day. One year later he still remains without symptoms from his intestinal tract. Conclusion Simultaneous ileosigmoid and ileoileal knotting is a very rare entity that should be diagnosed and treated surgically on an emergency basis to minimize the high postoperative morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Andromanakos
- Department of General Surgery, Athens "Polykliniki" General Hospital, 10A Glafkis str, GR-15232 Halandri, Athens, Greece.
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Lazaris A, Athanasiadis D, Kapelouzou A, Katsimpoulas M, Balafas E, Vasdekis S, Kostakis A, Liakakos T. Abstract 488: Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Model of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Open Repair. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.34.suppl_1.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Temporary renal ischemia consists a significant factor that increases morbidity and mortality after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) open repair. Various measures have been described to protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been considered a means of decreasing IR injury in various tissues. Aim of the study was to identify the effect of RIPC in reducing renal IR injury in an animal model of TAAA open repair.
Material and methods:
An animal based experimental study was designed. Twenty male swine were divided in 4 groups: Sham (control) group, IR group, RIPC I group, RIPC II group. Animals underwent a 30 minutes visceral ischemia after a concomitant subphrenic and infrarenal aortic clamping (IR group). In RIPC groups, two types of 15 minutes of lower body brief ischemia followed by 15 minutes of reperfusion, preceded the visceral ischemia (15 minutes ischemia and 15 minutes reperfusion in RIPC I group, and 3 cycles of 5 minutes ischemia followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion in RIPC II group). Elective renal vein blood was retrieved from the renal vein in specific time intervals of reperfusion, ranging from 30 minutes to 24 hours post-ischemia. Using ELISA techniques, serum was examined for various parameters indicating IR injury (MDA), inflammation and renal tissue damage (CRP, TNFa, Troponin I), as well as renal function (Urea, Creatinine, Cystatin C, NGAL).
Results:
All examined parameters were found to be less impaired in animals of RIPC groups compared to IR group, at a significant statistical level.
Discussion:
Blood data demonstrate a beneficial effect in reducing IR renal injury induced in a way similar to the one during a TAAA open repair, when RIPC has been preceded the IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lazaris
- Attikon Teaching Hosp, Sch of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Athanasiadis
- Attikon Teaching Hosp, Sch of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkistis Kapelouzou
- Biomedical Rsch Foundation, Academy of Athens, Cntr for Experimental Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Katsimpoulas
- Academy of Athens, Cntr for Experimental Surgery of the Biomedical Rsch Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Evaggelos Balafas
- Academy of Athens, Cntr of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Rsch Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Vasdekis
- Attikon Teaching Hosp, Sch of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Academy of Athens, Cntr of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Rsch Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Liakakos
- Attikon Teaching Hosp, Sch of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Karakosta M, Kalotychou V, Kostakis A, Pantelias G, Rombos I, Kouraklis G, Manola KN. UGT1A1*28 polymorphism in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the first investigation of the polymorphism in disease susceptibility and its specific cytogenetic abnormalities. Acta Haematol 2014; 132:59-67. [PMID: 24458221 DOI: 10.1159/000355714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been recently attributed to a combination of genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1*28 is an inborn polymorphism that results in significant downregulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 1-1 (UGT1A1) activity, one of the most critical metabolizing enzymes involved in the detoxification of toxic substances, some of which contribute to CLL pathogenesis. Here, for the first time, we investigated the putative impact of UGT1A1*28 on CLL incidence and on the formation of the most common chromosomal abnormalities of CLL. UGT1A1*28 was investigated in 109 CLL patients and 108 healthy controls, and was associated with karyotypic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results. A significant high frequency of the mutant genotype was observed in patients carrying abnormal FISH patterns, especially del(11q) and +12, which are CLL-specific abnormalities. We also observed a significant association between UGT1A1*28 and the intermediate to unfavorable cytogenetic CLL risk groups. No difference, though, was observed in genotypes between patients and controls. Therefore, we could suggest that UGT-deficient individuals may be at a greater risk for developing CLL-specific abnormalities. Our study might serve as a starting point to consider UGT1A1*28 polymorphism as one of the possible predisposing factors of CLL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karakosta
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
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Tziakas D, Chalikias G, Kapelouzou A, Tentes I, Schäfer K, Karayannakos P, Kostakis A, Boudoulas H, Konstantinides S. Erythrocyte membrane cholesterol and lipid core growth in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis: modulatory effects of rosuvastatin. Int J Cardiol 2013; 170:173-81. [PMID: 24215985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid core expansion is partly responsible for the conversion of a stable atherosclerotic lesion to a rupture-prone plaque. Intraplaque hemorrhage contributes to the accumulation of cholesterol within unstable plaques. In the present study, we investigated, using a rabbit model of atherosclerosis, the extent to which diet-induced increases in cholesterol content of erythrocyte membranes (CEM) contribute to lipid core expansion and the modulatory effect of rosuvastatin use. METHODS AND RESULTS Rabbits fed with atherogenic diet (0.75% cholesterol) for 5 months exhibited advanced atherosclerotic lesions (mean plaque area, 0.39 ± 0.03 mm(2)), and lipid core size was associated with the concentration-time integral (CTI) of CEM levels (r=0.567, P=0.004) independent of other established predictors of lipid core size. Further experiments were performed by feeding rabbits atherogenic diet (1% cholesterol) for 3 months, followed by either normal diet or normal diet plus rosuvastatin for the next 3 months. Although no differences were observed in total plaque area between both groups, administration of rosuvastatin was associated with significantly smaller lipid cores, fewer macrophages within the lipid core, less microvessels as well as with lower CTI of CEM levels compared to normal diet alone. Moreover, intraplaque erythrocyte membranes covered a smaller lipid core area in rabbits under rosuvastatin plus normal diet as opposed to rabbits under diet alone. CONCLUSIONS Increased CEM levels, induced by high-cholesterol diet, are associated with lipid core growth. Ingestion of a potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (rosuvastatin) may decrease CEM levels, and this effect may contribute to regression of the lipid core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tziakas
- University Cardiology Department, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Kostakis ID, Moris DN, Barlas A, Bokos I, Darema M, Theodoropoulou E, Karaolanis G, Kostakis A, Boletis I, Zavos G. Impact of donor and recipient age difference on long-term allograft survival after living donor renal transplantation: analysis of 478 cases. Clin Transplant 2013; 27:838-43. [PMID: 23991890 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Either deceased or living-related renal transplantation constitutes the best therapeutic option for patients with end-stage renal disease. In this retrospective study, an attempt to identify parameters that affect allograft survival in living donor renal transplantation was made. METHODS Between January 2000 and July 2012, 478 adult patients received a renal transplant from a living-related donor in our center and their records were retrospectively reviewed in November 2012. Data concerning donor age, recipient age, donor/recipient age difference, donor/recipient gender, and ABO compatibility/incompatibility were recorded and associated with renal allograft survival rate. RESULTS Renal allograft survival rate was 96%, 89.5%, and 77.7% in the first, fifth, and 10th yr after transplantation, respectively. Only the difference between donor and recipient age was statistically significant in relation to graft survival. In cases with age difference >13 yr, graft survival rate was lower from the third yr onward. CONCLUSIONS Only the age difference between donor and recipient exerts an adverse impact on graft outcome after living donor renal transplantation, whereas donor age, recipient age, donor/recipient gender, and ABO incompatibility do not significantly influence renal allograft survival.
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Garouniatis A, Zizi-Sermpetzoglou A, Rizos S, Kostakis A, Nikiteas N, Papavassiliou AG. Erratum to: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1,3 and caveolin-1 are implicated in colorectal cancer aggressiveness and prognosis—correlations with epidermal growth factor receptor, CD44v6, focal adhesion kinase, and c-Met. Tumour Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Kosmadakis G, Daikos G, Pavlopoulou I, Gobou A, Kostakis A, Tzanatou-Exarchou H, Boletis J. Infectious Complications in the First Year Post Renal Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1579-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kadoglou NPE, Moustardas P, Kapelouzou A, Katsimpoulas M, Giagini A, Dede E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Karayannacos PE, Kostakis A, Liapis CD. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e3. [PMID: 23549462 PMCID: PMC3683610 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease treatment. The present study investigated whether exercise training affects atherosclerotic plaque composition through the modification of inflammatoryrelated pathways in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE−/−) mice with diabetic atherosclerosis. Forty-five male apoE−/− mice were randomized into three equivalent (n=15) groups: control (CO), sedentary (SED), and exercise (EX). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin administration. High-fat diet was administered to all groups for 12 weeks. Afterwards, CO mice were euthanatized, while the sedentary and exercise groups continued high-fat diet for 6 additional weeks. Exercising mice followed an exercise program on motorizedtreadmill (5 times/week, 60 min/session). Then, blood samples and atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root were examined. A considerable (P<0.001) regression of the atherosclerotic lesions was observed in the exercise group (180.339±75.613×103µm2) compared to the control (325.485±72.302×103 µm2) and sedentary (340.188±159.108×103µm2) groups. We found decreased macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-3, MMP-8 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (P<0.05) in the atherosclerotic plaques of the exercise group. Compared to both control and sedentary groups, exercise training significantly increased collagen (P<0.05), elastin (P<0.001), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) (P<0.001) content in the atherosclerotic plaques. Those effects paralleled with increased fibrous cap thickness and less internal elastic lamina ruptures after exercise training (P<0.05), while body-weight and lipid parameters did not significantly change. Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-3 concentrations in atherosclerotic tissues followed a similar trend. From our study we can conclude that exercise training reduces and stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions in apoE−/− mice with diabetic atherosclerosis. A favorable modification of the inflammatory regulators seems to explain those beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P E Kadoglou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Kadoglou NPE, Moustardas P, Katsimpoulas M, Kapelouzou A, Kostomitsopoulos N, Schafer K, Kostakis A, Liapis CD. The beneficial effects of a direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran etexilate, on the development and stability of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice : dabigatran etexilate and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 26:367-74. [PMID: 22940777 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-012-6411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dabigatran etexilate (DE) constitutes a novel, direct thrombin inhibitor. Regarding the association of thrombin with atherogenesis, we assessed the effects of DE on the development and stability of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein-E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. MATERIALS-METHODS Fifty male ApoE-/- mice were randomized to receive western-type diet either supplemented with DE 7.5 mg DE/g chow) (DE-group, n = 25) or matching placebo as control (CO-group, n = 25) for 12 weeks. After this period, all mice underwent carotid artery injury with ferric chloride and the time to thrombotic total occlusion (TTO) was measured. Then, mice were euthanatized and each aortic arch was analyzed for the mean plaque area, the content of macrophages, elastin, collagen, nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor (TIMP-1). RESULTS DE-group showed significantly longer TTO compared to CO-group (8.9 ± 2.3 min vs 3.5 ± 1.1 min, p < 0.001) and the mean plaque area was smaller in DE-group than CO-group (441.00 ± 160.01 × 10(3) μm(2) vs 132.12 ± 32.17 × 10(3) μm(2), p < 0.001). Atherosclerotic lesions derived from DE-treated mice showed increased collagen (p = 0.043) and elastin (p = 0.031) content, thicker fibrous caps (p < 0.001) and reduced number of internal elastic lamina ruptures per mm of arterial girth (p < 0.001) when compared to CO-group. Notably, DE treatment seemed to promote plaque stability possibly by reducing concentrations of NFκB, VCAM-1, macrophages and MMP-9 and increasing TIMP-1 within atherosclerotic lesions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DE attenuates arterial thrombosis, reduces lesion size and may promote plaque stability in ApoE-/- mice. The plaque-stabilizing effects of chronic thrombin inhibition might be the result of the favorable modification of inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessioustr, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Kadoglou NPE, Fotiadis G, Kapelouzou A, Kostakis A, Liapis CD, Vrabas IS. The differential anti-inflammatory effects of exercise modalities and their association with early carotid atherosclerosis progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2013; 30:e41-50. [PMID: 23078531 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipokines, visfatin, apelin, vaspin and ghrelin have emerged as novel cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on the aforementioned novel adipokines and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS One hundred patients with Type 2 diabetes were equivalently (n = 25) randomized into four groups: (1) a control group with patients encouraged to perform self-controlled exercise; (2) a supervised aerobic exercise group (exercise four times/week, 60 min/session, 60-75% of maximum heart rate); (3) a resistance training group (60-80% baseline maximum load achieved in one repetition); and (4) a combined aerobic exercise plus resistance training group, as in groups 2 and 3. All participants had HbA(1c) levels ≥ 48 mmol/mol (≥ 6.5%), without overt diabetic vascular complications. Blood samples, clinical characteristics, peak oxygen uptake and carotid intima-media thickness measurements were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study, after 6 months. RESULTS At baseline, there were non-significant differences between groups. All active groups significantly ameliorated glycaemic profile, insulin sensitivity and triglycerides levels compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Aerobic training further improved lipids, systolic blood pressure and exercise capacity compared with the resistance training and the control groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and visfatin decreased, while vaspin and apelin circulating levels increased within the aerobic exercise group and the aerobic exercise plus resistance training group, and compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Within- and between-group comparisons showed negligible alterations in ghrelin serum levels and body weight after all exercise modalities. Finally, aerobic training attenuated the carotid intima-media thickness progression (0.017 ± 0.006 mm) compared with the control subjects (0.129 ± 0.042 mm, P < 0.001). That effect was independently associated with visfatin and amelioration of peak oxygen uptake. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with Type 2 diabetes, all exercise training modalities improved metabolic profile. Importantly, aerobic training predominantly ameliorated adipokines concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P E Kadoglou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
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Kanakis MA, Katsimpoulas M, Kavantzas N, Kostomitsopoulos N, Dimitriou C, Lioulias A, Kostakis A, Mitropoulos F. Acute histological changes of the lung after experimental Fontan circulation in a swine model. Med Sci Monit 2013; 18:BR362-5. [PMID: 22936186 PMCID: PMC3560650 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histological changes of the lungs were studied after the establishment of a modified total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or other means of temporary bypass on a swine model. Material/Methods 8 open chest-anesthetized pigs Landrace × Large White pigs (mean weight 43kg, mean age 4.5 months) underwent TCPC by the use of an appropriate size Y-shaped conduit connecting the superior and inferior caval veins (end-to-end anastomosis) to the pulmonary trunk (end-to-side anastomosis). After sternotomy, a wedge resection of the lung parenchyma was performed at baseline. Hemodynamic stability was sustained after TCPC establishment and 2 hours later another wedge resection of the lung was performed (from the same anatomic area). Histological studies were conducted by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results All samples (n=8) at baseline were consistent with normal lung parenchyma. After the establishment of TCPC, all samples (n=8) revealed moderate mononuclear infiltration adjacent to pulmonary alveoli and bronchioles, findings compatible with bronchiolitis. Conclusions In a normal swine model, 2 hours after the establishment of Fontan circulation without the use of CPB, pathologic examination of the lungs revealed bronchiolitis. Further research is needed to clarify these findings and the potential implications to the Fontan circulation, either immediate or long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meletios A Kanakis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Tsourelis L, Kapelouzou A, Kaklamanis L, Kostakis A, Cokkinos D. 165: Various serum biomarkers express multiple processes leading to calcific aortic stenosis. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(13)71095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kadoglou NPE, Sailer N, Moumtzouoglou A, Kapelouzou A, Gerasimidis T, Kostakis A, Liapis CD. Adipokines: a novel link between adiposity and carotid plaque vulnerability. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:1278-86. [PMID: 23033969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2012.02728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with carotid stenosis, we prospectively investigated the association of novel adipokines, apelin and visfatin, with gray-scale median (GSM) score, a valid index of carotid plaque vulnerability. We also assessed the impact of atorvastatin therapy on the above biochemical and imaging markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-four overweight [body-mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2) , fat-mass > 30%], statin-free patients, with carotid stenosis, but without indications for intervention were enrolled. Thirty-eight age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy subjects served as healthy controls (HC). All patients received gradual titrated (10-80 mg) atorvastatin therapy to target LDL-C < 100 mg/dL. GSM score, blood pressure (BP), fat-mass, lipid profile, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), apelin and visfatin levels were obtained at baseline and after 24 months. RESULTS At baseline, patients with carotid atherosclerosis had worse lipid profile, lower apelin and higher systolic BP, hsCRP, visfatin levels compared with HC (P < 0·05). Notably, decreased apelin (P < 0·001) and GSM score (P = 0·010), while increased visfatin (P = 0·019) and hsCRP (P = 0·039) levels were found in symptomatic rather than asymptomatic patients. At baseline, GSM score correlated with fat-mass, BMI, LDL-C, visfatin and apelin (P < 0·05). Apelin, visfatin and fat-mass remained independent determinants of baseline GSM score (R(2) = 0·391, P = 0·007). In parallel, we found that apelin increment and LDL-C reduction were independently associated with the atorvastatin-induced GSM increase (R(2) = 0·411, P = 0·011). CONCLUSION Increased fat-mass, low apelin and high visfatin serum levels seem to correlate with carotid plaque vulnerability in patients with carotid stenosis. The atorvastatin-induced modification of apelin and LDL-C may beneficially affect carotid plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Antoniou E, Mantas D, Paraskeva P, Dimitroulis D, Smyrnis A, Nikitakis N, Labadariou A, Tsavaris N, Vernicos P, Kostakis A. How can we treat a patient with liver cirrhosis (hepatitis C virus), hepatocellular carcinoma, and synchronous colon cancer? Transplant Proc 2012; 44:2745-7. [PMID: 23146511 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coexistence of liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colon cancer (Ca), which is a rare clinical condition, was treated in a liver transplant recipient. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 46-year-old man, diagnosed incidentally during an ultrasound (US) examination with a 3.5-cm HCC in segment VII related to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), was referred for liver resection. He underwent a laparoscopic protocol evaluation for liver cirrhosis. Liver appearance and biopsy of the left lobe showed Child B/C liver cirrhosis. Because he fulfilled the Milan criteria, we suggested an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). During protocol colonoscopy, we discovered an ulcerative sigmoid colon Ca. Three weeks after completing the pre-OLT assessment he underwent an OLT and was discharged home on day 9 on an immunosuppressive regimen of Everolimus, Myfortic, and Prezolone. Two months after transplantation, the patient underwent a sigmoidectomy and for nearly 1 month thereafter received chemotherapy for colon Ca (6 cycles of FOLFOX:Folinic Acid+Fluorouracil+Oxaliplatin). One and a half years after OLT, patient was in good condition but presented with an increased alpha fetoprotein (a-FP) without other findings. A couple of months later we discovered a colon Ca recurrence and 3 small liver metastases. Patient underwent a bowel resection with Hartmann's procedure. Almost immediately after the last operation, he was found to suffer multiple myeloma. He underwent chemotherapy for both malignancies with good responses, but a few months later died of severe sepsis. DISCUSSION The relevant literature regarding treatment of liver cirrhosis complicated with HCC and synchronous colon Ca reveals poor and controversial outcomes. Our patient underwent chemotherapy immediately after colon resection in the presence of with a good functioning liver. Although his condition was satisfactory after OLT, the optimal treatment of such complicated patients is as yet uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Antoniou
- 2nd Department of Propaedutic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Athens, "Laikon" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Petrakos I, Kontzoglou K, Nikolopoulos TP, Papadopoulos O, Kostakis A. Glottic and supraglottic laryngeal cancer: epidemiology, treatment patterns and survival in 164 patients. J BUON 2012; 17:700-705. [PMID: 23335528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of different therapeutic managements in relation to clinical disease stage, the location of the lesion and to register the rate of disease recurrence of patients with glottic and supraglottic laryngeal cancer, and to also study some specific epidemiologic characteristics. METHODS A series of 164 patients with laryngeal glottic and supraglottic squamous cell cancer (SCC) treated surgically, with radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy or combination of these was analysed. After treatment, all patients were followed up for an average of 58 months. All data concerning the primary lesion, therapeutic management, recurrence, staging, 5-year overall survival and epidemiological characteristics such as smoking and alcohol abuse were recorded and analysed in combination with the follow up data. RESULTS The therapeutic approach most commonly used was RT for stage I tumors and surgery for stages II, III and IV. Stage I and II patients treated with RT had high recurrence rate (60%). Patients with recurrence had 45.3% 5-year overall survival rate and average survival time 80 months, whereas patients with no recurrence had 77.4% 5-year overall survival rate and average survival time 173 months (p=0.0001). There was significant difference in survival between stage I and III (p=0.035), stage I and IV (p=0.0038) and stage II and IV (0.0156). The average overall survival time for non smokers was 195 months (median 1707rpar;, while for smokers it was 99 months (median 100; p=0.0047). The average overall survival time for alcohol abusers was 79 months (median 54), while for those who did not use alcohol it was 153 months (median 150; p=0.016). CONCLUSION The 5-year overall survival rate was 61.3%. RT alone in stages I and II proved inferior in decreasing re-currences compared with surgery. Smokers had significantly shorter overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Petrakos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Evangelismos, General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Kadoglou NPE, Vrabas IS, Kapelouzou A, Lampropoulos S, Sailer N, Kostakis A, Liapis CD, Angelopoulou N. The impact of aerobic exercise training on novel adipokines, apelin and ghrelin, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:CR290-5. [PMID: 22534708 PMCID: PMC3560628 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data support the atheroprotective role of the novel adipokines, apelin and ghrelin. The aim of the present randomized study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on these adipokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIAL/METHODS Fifty-four overweight (BMI >25 kg/m²) patients with T2DM, but without vascular complications, were randomized to either the aerobic exercise training group (EG, N=27), 4 times/week, 45-60 min/session; or to the control group (CG, N=27), orally instructed to increase physical activity. Clinical glycemic and lipid parameters, exercise capacity (VO₂peak), insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum levels of apelin and ghrelin were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. RESULTS Aerobic exercise significantly improved lipid and glycemic profile and insulin sensitivity compared to CG (p<0.05). Furthermore, between-groups comparison showed a considerable exercise-induced upregulation in apelin (p=0.007) and VO₂peak (p<0.001) levels. Negligible changes in body-weight, waist-hip ratio and ghrelin concentrations were detected within and between groups after the completion of the study (p>0.05). However, subgroup analysis revealed a considerable increment in ghrelin levels only in the exercise-treated women compared to their control counterparts (p=0.038). LDL and HOMA-IR reduction were found to be independent predictors of apelin increment in multiple regression analysis (R²=0.391, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM, systemic, long-term, aerobic exercise exerts positive effects on apelin and ghrelin (only in women), even in the absence of significant weight loss, suggesting its pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Kadoglou NPE, Sailer N, Kapelouzou A, Lampropoulos S, Vitta I, Kostakis A, Liapis CD. Effects of atorvastatin on apelin, visfatin (nampt), ghrelin and early carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2012; 49:269-76. [PMID: 21748474 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of atrovastatin treatment on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and serum levels of novel adipokines, like apelin, visfatin (nampt), and ghrelin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 87 statin-free patients (50 males) with T2DM, aged 55-70, but without carotid atherosclerotic plaques were initially enrolled. CIMT was assayed in all participants by ultrasound. Patients were then treated with atorvastatin (10-80 mg) to target LDL <100 mg/dl. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile, high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), apelin, visfatin and ghrelin were measured at baseline and after 12 months. Atorvastatin treatment significantly improved lipid profile across with increased apelin (from 0.307 ± 0.130 pg/ml to 1.537 ± 0.427 pg/ml; P < 0.001) and suppressed visfatin (from 21.54 ± 10.14 ng/ml to 15.13 ± 7.61 ng/ml; P = 0.002) serum levels in our diabetic patients. Standard multiple regression analysis showed that the atorvastatin-induced increment in apelin was independently associated with changes in total cholesterol (β = -0.510, P = 0.030) and LDL-cholesterol (β = -0.590, P < 0.001) (R (2) = 0.449, P = 0.014), while the reduction of visfatin concentration was independently associated with the change in hsCRP (β = 0.589, P < 0.001; R (2) = 0.256, P = 0.006), after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. CIMT and ghrelin did not alter significantly after 12 months of atorvastatin treatment (NS). Among participants, high-dose (80 mg) rather than low-dose (10 mg) of atorvastatin treatment yielded greater (P < 0.05) changes in apelin, visfatin and CIMT levels despite the final equivalent levels of LDL. Atorvastatin administration increased apelin and decreased visfatin serum levels significantly, without change of CIMT, in patients with T2DM. However, high-dose of atorvastatin exerted more favourable impact on adipokines and CIMT than low-dose. Our results implicate another important link between adiposity and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Andromanakos N, Filippou D, Spiliadi C, Dimitrakopoulou A, Papachristodoulou A, Kostakis A. Synchronous primary duodenal bulb and cecal adenocarcinoma: case report and short review of the literature. Eur Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-012-0079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lampropoulos P, Zizi-Sermpetzoglou A, Rizos S, Kostakis A, Nikiteas N, Papavassiliou AG. Prognostic significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling axis molecules and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1005-14. [PMID: 22278155 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway has been considered both a tumor suppressor and a cancer promoter. Additionally, downregulation of cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin plays an important role in the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate TGF-β, TGF-β type I receptor (TGF-βR1), TGF-β type II receptor (TGF-βR2), Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin expression in colorectal carcinoma and to correlate the obtained data with other standard prognostic parameters, such as disease stage, metastases, and patient survival. TGF-β, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 195 unrelated CRC specimens and the results subjected to various statistical analyses. TGF-β was expressed in 71.28%, TGF-βR1 in 61.0%, TGF-βR2 in 54.4%, Smad4 in 61.5%, pSmad2/3 in 71.3%, and E-cadherin in 50.26% of the colorectal carcinoma samples tested. The correlation of immunoexpression with the clinicopathological parameters of CRC revealed that the high expression of TGF-β and low expression of TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin were correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of disease. High TGF-β expression and low TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, Smad4, and pSmad2/3 expression were also correlated with lymph node metastasis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated a clear association of cancer-specific overall survival with high TGF-β, as well as low TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin expression. Our results suggest that TGF-β, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin are closely related to TNM stage of CRC. Moreover, TGF-β, TGF-βR2, Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin emerge as valuable independent biomarkers of prognosis in CRC patients.
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Diab A, Nikolopoulou-Stamati P, Katostaras T, Safioleas M, Kostakis A, Athanassiadou P, Liossi-Ioakeim A, Marinos G, Konstantopoulos K. Expression of Smad4, E-cadherin and beta-catenin in advanced colorectal cancer: a retrospective study. J BUON 2012; 17:92-96. [PMID: 22517699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate the expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin with alterations of expression of Smad4 in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Tissue specimens from 75 colorectal cancer cases (Dukes stage C and D) were tested for Smad4, E-cadherin and beta-catenin by the Avidin-Biotin immunoperoxidase method. The results were correlated with patients' clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Smad4 expression was lost or reduced in roughly 1 out of every 3 Dukes C and D CRCs. Association of Smad4 expression with other clinicopathological parameters was not noted. Association of expression of E-cadherin with other clinicopathological parameters was not noted, apart from tumor location. Expression of beta-catenin was not associated with clinicopathological parameters. Lack of expression of Smad4 was associated with lack of expression of both E-cadherin (<0.000) and beta-catenin (p<0.000). As regards the relation between E-cadherin and beta-catenin, the expression of each seemed to parallel the expression of the other (p<0.000). Beta-catenin was overexpressed in 68.5% of the specimens studied. CONCLUSION Clinically advanced CRC is associated with a reduced or complete lack of expression of Smad4. Ecadherin and beta-catenin are expressed in parallel with each other and also with Smad4. This tumor suppressor role of Smad4 by affecting both E-cadherin and beta-catenin may indicate a novel pathway for metastatic tumor via cellular reshaping. The precise underlined mechanism(s) and the clinical significance of these findings remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diab
- Second Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Greece
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Kostomitsopoulos N, Dontas IA, Alexakos P, Lelovas P, Galanos A, Paronis E, Balafas E, Paschidis K, Kostakis A. Growing male rats in individually ventilated and open-top cages. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2011; 50:879-883. [PMID: 22330780 PMCID: PMC3228924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, the development and use of individually ventilated cages (IVC), which are now commercially available for housing laboratory mice and rats, have increased. Because limited information is available regarding the influence of caging systems on the growth of rats, the present study assessed body weight and food and water consumption in growing male rats that were housed in IVC and open-top cages (OTC). We allocated 21-d-old male Wistar outbred rats (HsdOla:WI; n = 24) into 2 groups, which then were housed in pairs in IVC (n = 12) and OTC (n = 12). After an 8-d acclimatization period, body weight and food and water consumption were assessed every 3 d until the rats were 94 d old. There were no significant differences between the body weights of rats housed in IVC compared with OTC over the 65-d observation period. Food and water consumption were greater in rats housed in OTC compared with IVC, becoming significantly different when the rats were 50 and 53 d old, respectively. In conclusion, IVC and OTC housing conditions influenced food and water intakes but not body weight in growing male rats. Further research is needed to clarify the exact basis for these changes in food and water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismene A Dontas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, University of Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Alexakos
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens
| | - Pavlos Lelovas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Euthimios Paronis
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens
| | - Konstantinos Paschidis
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens
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