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Rhyman L, Armata N, Ramasami P, Dyke JM. A Study of the Atmospherically Important Reactions between Dimethyl Selenide (DMSe) and Molecular Halogens (X2 = Cl2, Br2, and I2) with ab initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5595-603. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Rhyman
- Computational Chemistry Group,
Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Nerina Armata
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK SO17 1BJ
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry Group,
Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - John M. Dyke
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK SO17 1BJ
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2
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Galashev AE, Rakhmanova OR, Novruzova OA. Calculation of spectral characteristics of water clusters upon interaction with oxygen molecules and bromine ions. COLLOID JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x10060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Beccaceci S, Ogden JS, Dyke JM. Spectroscopic study of the reaction between Br2 and dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and comparison with a parallel study made on Cl2 + DMS: possible atmospheric implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2075-82. [DOI: 10.1039/b917173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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4
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5
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Brown MA, McIntire TM, Johánek V, Hemminger JC. Halide Vacancies Created by the Heterogeneous Reaction of OH with Alkali Halide Single Crystals. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2890-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807731s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4310
| | - Theresa M. McIntire
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4310
| | - Viktor Johánek
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4310
| | - John C. Hemminger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4310
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6
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Brown MA, Faubel M, Winter B. X-Ray photo- and resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy studies of liquid water and aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b803023p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Ghosal S, Brown MA, Bluhm H, Krisch MJ, Salmeron M, Jungwirth P, Hemminger JC. Ion Partitioning at the Liquid/Vapor Interface of a Multicomponent Alkali Halide Solution: A Model for Aqueous Sea Salt Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12378-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Ghosal
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-437, Livermore California 94551, Department of Chemistry and AirUCI, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of
| | - Matthew A. Brown
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-437, Livermore California 94551, Department of Chemistry and AirUCI, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-437, Livermore California 94551, Department of Chemistry and AirUCI, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of
| | - Maria J. Krisch
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-437, Livermore California 94551, Department of Chemistry and AirUCI, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-437, Livermore California 94551, Department of Chemistry and AirUCI, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-437, Livermore California 94551, Department of Chemistry and AirUCI, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of
| | - John C. Hemminger
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-437, Livermore California 94551, Department of Chemistry and AirUCI, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of
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8
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Hunt SW, Roeselová M, Wang W, Wingen LM, Knipping EM, Tobias DJ, Dabdub D, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Formation of Molecular Bromine from the Reaction of Ozone with Deliquesced NaBr Aerosol: Evidence for Interface Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0467346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - M. Roeselová
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - W. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - L. M. Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - E. M. Knipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - D. J. Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - D. Dabdub
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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9
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. The Tropospheric Chemistry of Sea Salt: A Molecular-Level View of the Chemistry of NaCl and NaBr. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4801-22. [PMID: 14664634 DOI: 10.1021/cr020653t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B J Finlayson-Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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10
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Abstract
While the role of reactive halogen species (e.g. Cl, Br) in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer is well known, their role in the troposphere was investigated only since their destructive effect on boundary layer ozone after polar sunrise became obvious. During these 'Polar Tropospheric Ozone Hole' events O(3) is completely destroyed in the lowest approximately 1000 m of the atmosphere on areas of several million square kilometres. Up to now it was assumed that these events were confined to the polar regions during springtime. However, during the last few years significant amounts of BrO and Cl-atoms were also found outside the Arctic and Antarctic boundary layer. Recently even higher BrO mixing ratios (up to 176 ppt) were detected by optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in the Dead Sea basin during summer. In addition, evidence is accumulating that BrO (at levels around 1-2 ppt) is also occurring in the free troposphere at all latitudes. In contrast to the stratosphere, where halogens are released from species, which are very long lived in the troposphere, likely sources of boundary layer Br and Cl are autocatalytic oxidation of sea salt halides (the 'Bromine Explosion'), while precursors of free tropospheric BrO and coastal IO probably are short-lived organo-halogen species. At the levels suggested by the available measurements reactive halogen species have a profound effect on tropospheric chemistry: In the polar boundary layer during 'halogen events' ozone is usually completely lost within hours or days. In the free troposphere the effective O(3)-losses due to halogens could be comparable to the known photochemical O(3) destruction. Further interesting consequences include the increase of OH levels and (at low NO(X)) the decrease of the HO(2)/OH ratio in the free troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Platt
- Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Barney WS, Wingen LM, Lakin MJ, Brauers T, Stutz J, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Infrared Absorption Cross-Section Measurements for Nitrous Acid (HONO) at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9930503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Barney
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Lisa M. Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Matthew J. Lakin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Theo Brauers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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12
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Hausmann M, Brandenburger U, Brauers T, Dorn HP. Simple Monte Carlo methods to estimate the spectra evaluation error in differential-optical-absorption spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:462-475. [PMID: 18305635 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Differential-optical-absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) permits the sensitive measurement of concentrations of trace gases in the atmosphere. DOAS is a technique of well-defined accuracy; however, the calculation of a statistically sound measurement precision is still an unsolved problem. Usually one evaluates DOAS spectra by performing least-squares fits of reference absorption spectra to the measured atmospheric absorption spectra. Inasmuch as the absorbance from atmospheric trace gases is usually very weak, with optical densities in the range from 10(-5) to 10(-3), interference caused by the occurrence of nonreproducible spectral artifacts often determines the detection limit and the measurement precision. These spectral artifacts bias the least-squares fitting result in two respects. First, spectral artifacts to some extent are falsely interpreted as real absorption, and second, spectral artifacts add nonstatistical noise to spectral residuals, which results in a significant misestimation of the least-squares fitting error. We introduce two new approaches to investigate the evaluation errors of DOAS spectra accurately. The first method, residual inspection by cyclic displacement, estimates the effect of false interpretation of the artifact structures. The second method applies a statistical bootstrap algorithm to estimate properly the error of fitting, even in cases when the condition of random and independent scatter of the residual signal is not fulfilled. Evaluation of simulated atmospheric measurement spectra shows that a combination of the results of both methods yields a good estimate of the spectra evaluation error to within an uncertainty of ~10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hausmann
- Institut fur Atmosphärische Chemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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14
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Hausmann M, Brandenburger U, Brauers T, Dorn HP. Detection of tropospheric OH radicals by long-path differential-optical-absorption spectroscopy: Experimental setup, accuracy, and precision. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Weaver A, Solomon S, Sanders RW, Arpag K, Miller HL. Atmospheric NO3: 5. Off-axis measurements at sunrise: Estimates of tropospheric NO3at 40°N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Caloz F, Fenter FF, Rossi MJ. Heterogeneous Kinetics of the Uptake of ClONO2 on NaCl and KBr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953099i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Caloz
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederick F. Fenter
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Fenter FF, Caloz F, Rossi MJ. Heterogeneous Kinetics of N2O5 Uptake on Salt, with a Systematic Study of the Role of Surface Presentation (for N2O5 and HNO3). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9503829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick F. Fenter
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Caloz
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Brauers T, Hausmann M, Brandenburger U, Dorn HP. Improvement of differential optical absorption spectroscopy with a multichannel scanning technique. APPLIED OPTICS 1995; 34:4472-4479. [PMID: 21052280 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.004472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) of atmospheric trace gases requires the detection of optical densities below 0.1%. Photodiode arrays are used more and more as detectors for DOAS because they allow one to record larger spectral intervals simultaneously. This type of optical multichannel analyzer (OMA), however, shows sensitivity differences among the individual photodiodes (pixels), which are of the order of 1%. To correct for this a sensitivity reference spectrum is usually recorded separately from the trace-gas measurements. Because of atmospheric turbulence the illumination of the detector while an atmospheric absorption spectrum is being recorded is different from the conditions during the reference measurement. As a result the sensitivity patterns do not exactly match, and the corrected spectra still show a residual structure that is due to the sensitivity difference. This effect usually limits the detection of optical densities to approximately 3 × 10(-4). A new method for the removal of the sensitivity pattern is presented in this paper: Scanning the spectrometer by small wavelength increments after each readout of the OMA allows one to separate the OMA-fixed pattern and the wavelength-fixed structures (absorption lines). The properties of the new method and its applicability are demonstrated with simulated spectra. Finally, first atmospheric measurements with a laser long-path instrument demonstrate a detection limit of 3 × 10(-5) of a DOAS experiment.
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