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Cedras AM, Sharp A, Bacon BA, Champoux F, Maheu M. Asymmetrical influence of bi-thermal caloric vestibular stimulation on a temporal order judgment task. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3133-3141. [PMID: 34417828 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that binaural vestibular stimulation affects tactile temporal processing. However, it remains difficult to determine the physiological mechanisms supporting the vestibular-somatosensory interactions observed during a TOJ task. Controlling the activation of the right or left vestibular system separately could allow to better understand the physiological bases of these findings and reconcile previous studies. The objective of the present study was to examine tactile temporal processing using a temporal order judgment task following selective stimulation of the right and left vestibular system with bi-thermal caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS). A total of 24 right-handed participants received bi-thermal CVS either in the right ear (n = 12) or the left ear (n = 12). Participants held vibrators in both hands which delivered a signal temporally separated by a variable asynchrony. Participants had to report the hand where the vibration was perceived first. The task was performed in three different CVS conditions: (1) baseline, (2) warm CVS, and (3) cold CVS. Analysis of the logistics curve parameters-just noticeable difference (JND) and point of subjective simultaneity (PSS)-for each participant in each CVS conditions revealed an increase in JND greater following warm CVS. A significant increase in JND following warm CVS was measured bilaterally. However, cold CVS increased JND only when CVS was applied in the left ear, but not in the right ear. Finally, no influence of CVS on PSS was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assan Mary Cedras
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Montreal University, Succursale Centre-Ville, 7077 Avenue du Parc, Bureau 3001-42, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal (IURDPM), Pavillon Laurier, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andréanne Sharp
- Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | | | - François Champoux
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Montreal University, Succursale Centre-Ville, 7077 Avenue du Parc, Bureau 3001-42, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maxime Maheu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Montreal University, Succursale Centre-Ville, 7077 Avenue du Parc, Bureau 3001-42, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada. .,Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal (IURDPM), Pavillon Laurier, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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2
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Salatino A, Iacono C, Gammeri R, Chiadò ST, Lambert J, Sulcova D, Mouraux A, George MS, Roberts DR, Berti A, Ricci R. Zero gravity induced by parabolic flight enhances automatic capture and weakens voluntary maintenance of visuospatial attention. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:29. [PMID: 34315902 PMCID: PMC8316350 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orienting attention in the space around us is a fundamental prerequisite for willed actions. On Earth, at 1 g, orienting attention requires the integration of vestibular signals and vision, although the specific vestibular contribution to voluntary and automatic components of visuospatial attention remains largely unknown. Here, we show that unweighting of the otolith organ in zero gravity during parabolic flight, selectively enhances stimulus-driven capture of automatic visuospatial attention, while weakening voluntary maintenance of covert attention. These findings, besides advancing our comprehension of the basic influence of the vestibular function on voluntary and automatic components of visuospatial attention, may have operational implications for the identification of effective countermeasures to be applied in forthcoming human deep space exploration and habitation, and on Earth, for patients’ rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Salatino
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,Institute of Neuroscience (IoN), Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Claudio Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Julien Lambert
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoN), Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominika Sulcova
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoN), Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoN), Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark S George
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Donna R Roberts
- Department of of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anna Berti
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ricci
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Crivelli D, Polimeni E, Crotti D, Bottini G, Salvato G. Bilateral skin temperature drop and warm sensibility decrease following modulation of body part ownership through mirror-box illusion. Cortex 2020; 135:49-60. [PMID: 33360760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The implicit and explicit awareness of owning a body and its parts is a constant accompaniment in our everyday life and our interaction with the outside world. The way in which we build and maintain a coherent sense of body ownership is not fully understood. It has been postulated that the integration between exteroceptive, interoceptive, and proprioceptive signals may play a fundamental role in the sense of body ownership. For instance, studies on healthy subjects and brain-damaged patients have suggested that alterations in the sense of body ownership are coupled with autonomic signal changes, such as thermoregulatory reactions. However, the available evidence is conflicting, possibly due to shortcomings in the experimental paradigm that previous studies have adopted. In this study, we explore the relationship between body ownership, thermoregulation, and thermal sensitivity through a novel application of the mirror-box illusion paradigm, overcoming some of the limitations of previous studies. We find a bilateral decrease in hand skin temperature, together with reduced thermal sensitivity for warm thermal stimuli following the induction of the illusion of ownership towards the participant's reflected hand. These findings demonstrate the importance of the orchestration of exteroceptive (e.g., visual), autonomic (e.g., body temperature) and proprioceptive (e.g., position and movement of the body) signals in maintaining a coherent sense of body ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Crivelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Polimeni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Crotti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy.
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Caloric Vestibular Stimulation Reduces the DirectionalBias in Representational Neglect. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060323. [PMID: 32466608 PMCID: PMC7348904 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) can temporarily reduce visuospatial neglect and related symptoms. The present study examined the effect of CVS on representational neglect during free exploration of the map of France. We asked patients to name cities they could mentally “see” on the map of France, without giving them any directional instructions related to the left or right sides of the map. In right brain damaged patients with left visuospatial neglect, the mental representation of the map was asymmetrical (favoring the right side). After stimulation, neglect patients named more towns on the left side of the map, leading to a significant reduction in map representation asymmetry. Our findings are consistent with previous studies on visuospatial neglect and are in favor of a central effect of vestibular stimulation on mechanisms involved in space representation.
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Bretas RV, Taoka M, Suzuki H, Iriki A. Secondary somatosensory cortex of primates: beyond body maps, toward conscious self-in-the-world maps. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:259-272. [PMID: 31960104 PMCID: PMC7007896 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent human imaging studies have revealed the involvement of the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in processes that require high-level information integration, such as self-consciousness, social relations, whole body representation, and metaphorical extrapolations. These functions are far beyond its known role in the formation of body maps (even in their most complex forms), requiring the integration of different information modalities in addition to somatosensory information. However, no evidence of such complex processing seems to have been detected at the neuronal level in animal experiments, which would constitute a major discrepancy between human and non-human animals. This article scrutinizes this gap, introducing experimental evidence of human and non-human primates’ SII functions set in context with their evolutionary significance and mechanisms, functionally situating the human SII as a primate brain. Based on the presented data, a new concept of a somatocentric holistic self is proposed, represented as a more comprehensive body-in-the-world map in the primate SII, taking into account evolutionary aspects that characterize the human SII and its implication in the emergence of self-consciousness. Finally, the idea of projection is introduced from the viewpoint of cognitive science, providing a logical explanation to bridge this gap between observed behavior and neurophysiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael V Bretas
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Taoka
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Social Informatics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. .,Azrieli Program in Brain, Mind and Consciousness, Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.
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Gammeri R, Iacono C, Ricci R, Salatino A. Unilateral Spatial Neglect After Stroke: Current Insights. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:131-152. [PMID: 32021206 PMCID: PMC6959493 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s171461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a disorder of contralesional space awareness which often follows unilateral brain lesion. Since USN impairs awareness of contralesional space/body and often of concomitant motor disorders, its presence represents a negative prognostic factor of functional recovery. Thus, the disorder needs to be carefully diagnosed and treated. Here, we attempted to present a clear and concise picture of current insights in the comprehension and rehabilitation of USN. METHODS We first provided an updated overview of USN clinical and neuroanatomical features and then highlighted recent progresses in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of the disease. In relation to USN rehabilitation, we conducted a MEDLINE literature research on three of the most promising interventions for USN rehabilitation: prismatic adaptation (PA), non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), and virtual reality (VR). The identified studies were classified according to the strength of their methods. RESULTS The last years have witnessed a relative decrement of interest in the study of neuropsychological disorders of spatial awareness in USN, but a relative increase in the study of potential interventions for its rehabilitation. Although optimal protocols still need to be defined, high-quality studies have demonstrated the efficacy of PA, TMS and tDCS interventions for the treatment of USN. In addition, preliminary investigations are suggesting the potentials of GVS and VR approaches for USN rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Advancing neuropsychological and neuroscience tools to investigate USN pathophysiology is a necessary step to identify effective rehabilitation treatments and to foster our understanding of neurofunctional bases of spatial cognition in the healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gammeri
- Department of Psychology, SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness) Research Group, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Iacono
- Department of Psychology, SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness) Research Group, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ricci
- Department of Psychology, SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness) Research Group, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriana Salatino
- Department of Psychology, SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness) Research Group, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Bottini G, Magnani FG, Salvato G, Gandola M. Multiple Dissociations in Patients With Disorders of Body Awareness: Implications for the Study of Consciousness. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2068. [PMID: 30416476 PMCID: PMC6212579 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- NeuroMI—Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Giulia Magnani
- NeuroMI—Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- NeuroMI—Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- NeuroMI—Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Somatoparaphrenic symptoms after left-hemisphere damage are rare. To verify the potential role of body-related sensory (proprioceptive, visual, and somatosensory) manipulation in patients experiencing sensations of hand disownership, the symptoms of a patient suffering from right-hand somatoparaphrenia were monitored and clinical and neuropsychological variables were controlled. Four types of manipulation were administered: changes in spatial position of the hand, multisensory stimulation, and self-observation using video or mirrors. Multisensory visuo-tactile stimulation was efficacious in terms of reducing somatoparaphrenia, and changes in the position of the hand produced some positive effects. Third-person perspective self-observation did not, however, result in any changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Imperio
- a Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Roma , Italy.,b NPSY.Lab-Vr, Department of Human Sciences , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Moretto
- c UOC Neurology A , Aszienda Ospedaliera Integrata , Verona , Italy
| | - Valentina Moro
- b NPSY.Lab-Vr, Department of Human Sciences , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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Miller SM. Vestibular neuromodulation: stimulating the neural crossroads of psychiatric illness. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:539-543. [PMID: 27628748 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Miller
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred Hospital and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
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Abstract
Vestibular signals are integrated with signals from other sensory modalities. This convergence could reflect an important mechanism for maintaining the perception of the body. Here we review the current literature in order to develop a framework for understanding how the vestibular system contributes to body representation. According to recent models, we distinguish between three processes for body representation, and we look at whether vestibular signals might influence each process. These are (i) somatosensation, the primary sensory processing of somatic stimuli, (ii) somatoperception, the processes of constructing percepts and experiences of somatic objects and events and (iii) somatorepresentation, the knowledge about the body as a physical object in the world. Vestibular signals appear to contribute to all three levels in this model of body processing. Thus, the traditional view of the vestibular system as a low-level, dedicated orienting module tends to underestimate the pervasive role of vestibular input in bodily self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- a Department of Psychology , Royal Holloway University of London , Egham , UK.,b Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London , London , UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- b Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London , London , UK
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