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Bhargava M, Crouser ED. Application of laboratory models for sarcoidosis research. J Autoimmun 2024:103184. [PMID: 38443221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript will review the implications and applications of sarcoidosis models towards advancing our understanding of sarcoidosis disease mechanisms, identification of biomarkers, and preclinical testing of novel therapies. Emerging disease models and innovative research tools will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Bhargava
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 276. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elliott D Crouser
- Ohio State University Wexner Medicine Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 241 W. 11th Street, Suite 5000, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.
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2
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Kök GF, Türsen Ü. The Immunogenetics of Granulomatous Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:349-368. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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RNA-sequencing Identifies Novel Pathways in Sarcoidosis Monocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2720. [PMID: 28577019 PMCID: PMC5457404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Genome-wide association studies have not been able to explain a causative role for nucleotide variation in its pathogenesis. The goal of the present study was to identify the gene expression profile and the cellular pathways altered in sarcoidosis monocytes via RNA-sequencing. Peripheral blood monocytes play a role in sarcoidosis inflammation. Therefore, we determined and compared the transcriptional signature of monocytes from peripheral blood from sarcoidosis patients and healthy controls via RNA-sequencing. We found 2,446 differentially expressed (DE) genes between sarcoidosis and healthy control monocytes. Analysis of these DE genes showed enrichment for ribosome, phagocytosis, lysosome, proteasome, oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic pathways. RNA-sequencing identified upregulation of genes involved in phagocytosis and lysosomal pathway in sarcoidosis monocytes, whereas genes involved in proteasome degradation and ribosomal pathways were downregulated. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of specific genes involved in the identified pathways and their possible interaction leading to sarcoidosis pathology.
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a disease with highly variable presentation and progression; although it is hypothesized that disease phenotype is related to genetic variation, how much of this variability is driven by genetic factors is not known. The HLA region is the most strongly and consistently associated genetic risk factor for sarcoidosis, supporting the notion that sarcoidosis is an exposure-mediated immunologic disease. Most of the genetic etiology of sarcoidosis remains unknown in terms of the specific variants that increase risk in various populations, their biologic functions, and how they interact with environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabeel Hamzeh
- Division of Environmental Occupational Health and Sciences, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lisa A Maier
- Division of Environmental Occupational Health and Sciences, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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5
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multifactorial and polygenic disorder. The current knowledge of its genetic basis will be presented and functional consequences of the genetic variants that influence the immunopathogenesis of this disorder will be depicted. In the near future it is expected that this knowledge will yield clinically applicable genetic risk profiles.
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Zhou T, Zhang W, Sweiss NJ, Chen ES, Moller DR, Knox KS, Ma SF, Wade MS, Noth I, Machado RF, Garcia JGN. Peripheral blood gene expression as a novel genomic biomarker in complicated sarcoidosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44818. [PMID: 22984568 PMCID: PMC3440319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous syndrome invariably affecting the lung, typically spontaneously remits but in ~20% of cases progresses with severe lung dysfunction or cardiac and neurologic involvement (complicated sarcoidosis). Unfortunately, current biomarkers fail to distinguish patients with remitting (uncomplicated) sarcoidosis from other fibrotic lung disorders, and fail to identify individuals at risk for complicated sarcoidosis. We utilized genome-wide peripheral blood gene expression analysis to identify a 20-gene sarcoidosis biomarker signature distinguishing sarcoidosis (n = 39) from healthy controls (n = 35, 86% classification accuracy) and which served as a molecular signature for complicated sarcoidosis (n = 17). As aberrancies in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, JAK-STAT (JS) signaling, and cytokine-cytokine receptor (CCR) signaling are implicated in sarcoidosis pathogenesis, a 31-gene signature comprised of T cell signaling pathway genes associated with sarcoidosis (TCR/JS/CCR) was compared to the unbiased 20-gene biomarker signature but proved inferior in prediction accuracy in distinguishing complicated from uncomplicated sarcoidosis. Additional validation strategies included significant association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in signature genes with sarcoidosis susceptibility and severity (unbiased signature genes - CX3CR1, FKBP1A, NOG, RBM12B, SENS3, TSHZ2; T cell/JAK-STAT pathway genes such as AKT3, CBLB, DLG1, IFNG, IL2RA, IL7R, ITK, JUN, MALT1, NFATC2, PLCG1, SPRED1). In summary, this validated peripheral blood molecular gene signature appears to be a valuable biomarker in identifying cases with sarcoidoisis and predicting risk for complicated sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Human Genetics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadera J. Sweiss
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Edward S. Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David R. Moller
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Knox
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Wade
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Imre Noth
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Müller-Quernheim J, Prasse A, Zissel G. Pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Presse Med 2012; 41:e275-87. [PMID: 22595775 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown origin. Recent research uncovered underlying immunological and genetic mechanisms, which will pave the way for more effective pharmaceutical studies. At present some of this knowledge is clinically exploited to monitor therapy and expected genetic progress will allow the development of prognostic genetic patterns or molecular signatures. Moreover, it has become obvious that several etiologic agents and cofactors will exist. These will be of animate and inanimate nature and their interplay with host mechanisms discussed in this review determines disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Müller-Quernheim
- University Medical Center, Department of Pneumology, Hugstetter Street, 49, 79095 Freiburg, Germany.
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Palchevskiy V, Hashemi N, Weigt SS, Xue YY, Derhovanessian A, Keane MP, Strieter RM, Fishbein MC, Deng JC, Lynch JP, Elashoff R, Belperio JA. Immune response CC chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 are associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2011; 4:10. [PMID: 21463523 PMCID: PMC3080805 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-4-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary sarcoidosis involves an intense leukocyte infiltration of the lung with the formation of non-necrotizing granulomas. CC chemokines (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)-CCL5) are chemoattractants of mononuclear cells and act through seven transmembrane G-coupled receptors. Previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results with regard to the associations of these chemokines with sarcoidosis. In an effort to clarify previous discrepancies, we performed the largest observational study to date of CC chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Results BALF chemokine levels from 72 patients affected by pulmonary sarcoidosis were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared to 8 healthy volunteers. BALF CCL3 and CCL4 levels from pulmonary sarcoidosis patients were not increased compared to controls. However, CCL2 and CCL5 levels were elevated, and subgroup analysis showed higher levels of both chemokines in all stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis. CCL2, CCL5, CC chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1), CCR2 and CCR3 were expressed from mononuclear cells forming the lung granulomas, while CCR5 was only found on mast cells. Conclusions These data suggest that CCL2 and CCL5 are important mediators in recruiting CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3 expressing mononuclear cells as well as CCR5-expressing mast cells during all stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Palchevskiy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nastran Hashemi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Weigt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Ying Xue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ariss Derhovanessian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Keane
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert M Strieter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Deng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John A Belperio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ukena SN, Koenecke C, Geffers R, Fuehner T, Welte T, Ganser A, Buer J, Franzke A. T helper type 2 differentiation is associated with induction of antibacterial defense mechanisms in blood lymphocytes of patients with sarcoidosis. Immunol Invest 2009; 38:49-66. [PMID: 19172485 DOI: 10.1080/08820130802572103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Whereas sarcoidosis is characterized by an excessive inflammatory immune response mainly at the pulmonary site, circulating T lymphocytes poorly respond to antigen challenge. It has been suggested, that the extensive local inflammation might be triggered by bacterial pathogens. Recently, it has been shown that this paradoxically immunological situation likely results from a disequilibrium between effector and regulatory T lymphocytes (T(reg)). Here, we apply a DNA microarray approach in order to analyze circulating T cells for specific dysregulatory events, which should provide detailed insights in the impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Gene expression profiles were performed from peripheral blood T lymphocytes of untreated patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (stage I) (n = 3) and a control group consisting of healthy donors (n = 3). Circulating T lymphocytes in sarcoidosis exhibit a specific gene expression pattern of molecules that are primarily involved in immune responses and lymphocyte signalling. Compared to controls patients with sarcoidosis display also alterations in gene expression of molecules with bacteriolytic and chemotactic function. Among others, array analysis resulted in increased transcript levels of Th2 immune response, whereas genes coding for molecules involved in Th1 differentiation are down-regulated. Furthermore, genes encoding proteins representing primordial antimicrobial peptides which may mobilise immunocompetent T cells and other inflammatory cells are up-regulated. This observation supports recent reports suggesting that bacterial antigens play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. However, the results of our study indicate an unbalanced immune response towards Th2 in the peripheral blood of patients with sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sya N Ukena
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Spagnolo P, Sato H, Grunewald J, Brynedal B, Hillert J, Mañá J, Wells AU, Eklund A, Welsh KI, du Bois RM. A common haplotype of the C-C chemokine receptor 2 gene and HLA-DRB1*0301 are independent genetic risk factors for Löfgren's syndrome. J Intern Med 2008; 264:433-41. [PMID: 18513341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disorder with a strong genetic influence. Genetic factors are also thought to influence disease severity and outcome. We sought to determine whether polymorphisms within CCR2 gene predispose to Löfgren's syndrome--a clinically and genetically distinct sarcoidosis phenotype--and, importantly, whether this association is independent of the known association with the HLA-DRB1*0301 allele. METHODS We investigated 5 CCR2 variants and HLA-DRB1*0301 by sequence-specific primer (SSP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 176 Spanish (76 Löfgren's syndrome, 100 controls) and 387 Swedish subjects (126 Löfgren's syndrome, 77 non-Löfgren sarcoidosis, 184 controls). RESULTS One of the deduced haplotypes (CCR2 haplotype 2) was associated with Löfgren's syndrome in both Spanish (OR: 2.03, uncorrected P = 0.02; permuted P = 0.041 vs. controls) and Swedish patients (OR: 3.02, uncorrected P = 0.0007; permuted P = 0.0027 vs. non-Löfgren sarcoidosis; OR: 2.46, uncorrected P = 0.0005; permuted P = 0.0031 vs. controls). HLA-DRB1*0301 allele frequency was also increased in Spanish (OR: 3.52, P = 0.0004 vs. controls) and Swedish patients with Löfgren's syndrome (OR: 10.98, P < 0.0001 vs. non-Löfgren sarcoidosis, OR: 7.71, P < 0.0001 vs. controls). Finally, multivariate analysis revealed that the CCR2 association was independent of HLA-DRB1*0301 in both Spanish (P = 0.02 vs. controls) and Swedish cohorts (P = 0.002 vs. non-Löfgren sarcoidosis, P = 0.001 vs. controls). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that CCR2 haplotype 2 and HLA-DRB1*0301 are independent genetic risk factors for Löfgren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spagnolo
- The Clinical Genomic Group, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increased familial occurrences as well as different disease modes in different ethnic groups suggest a genetic influence in sarcoidosis. Also, genetic analyses have revealed a number of chromosomal regions and specific genes associated with sarcoidosis. This review brings up some recent discoveries on the genetic contribution to sarcoidosis. RECENT FINDINGS As a more detailed clinical classification of patients is performed, stronger genetic associations between distinct clinical phenotypes and specific gene variants have been revealed. The strong association between human leucocyte antigen DRB10301/DQB10201 and good prognosis in patients with Löfgren's syndrome is one such recent example. Linkage studies have revealed certain chromosomal regions of interest and furthermore pointed out specific genes of interest, for example, a variant of the butyrophilin-like 2 gene. SUMMARY Sarcoidosis is a complex disease which is influenced by a multitude of genes and environmental factors. The strongest genetic associations are found within the human leucocyte antigen region, in which several specific human leucocyte antigen alleles clearly associate with disease risk and phenotype, but additional genes in the same region may turn out to be important as well. Future studies on large, clinically well defined patient cohorts will help to elucidate the genetic impact on sarcoidosis.
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Franke A, Fischer A, Nothnagel M, Becker C, Grabe N, Till A, Lu T, Müller-Quernheim J, Wittig M, Hermann A, Balschun T, Hofmann S, Niemiec R, Schulz S, Hampe J, Nikolaus S, Nürnberg P, Krawczak M, Schürmann M, Rosenstiel P, Nebel A, Schreiber S. Genome-wide association analysis in sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease unravels a common susceptibility locus on 10p12.2. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:1207-15. [PMID: 18723019 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) and sarcoidosis (SA) are chronic inflammatory barrier diseases that share several clinical and immunological features, including the occurrence of granulomas. METHODS A 100k genome-wide association study with 83,360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed on 382 CD patients, 398 SA patients, and 394 control individuals. The 24 SNPs that were most strongly associated in the combined CD/SA phenotype were selected for verification in an independent sample of 1,317 patients (660 CD and 657 SA) and 1,091 controls. RESULTS The most significant association (Bonferroni corrected P = .036) was obtained at SNP rs1398024 on chromosome 10p12.2, with an odds ratio (OR) for both diseases of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.96) for carriership of the rarer allele A. The P value in the overall combined sample was 4.24 x 10(-6). During further follow-up, a moderate association (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96; P = .015) was observed between rs1398024 and ulcerative colitis (1,080 patients vs 1,091 controls), the second main subphenotype of inflammatory bowel disease in addition to CD. Extensive fine mapping of the 10p12.2 locus points to yet unidentified variants in the C10ORF67 gene region as the most likely underlying risk factors. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the combined analysis of different, albeit clinically related, phenotypes can lead to the identification of common susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Schürmann M, Kwiatkowski R, Albrecht M, Fischer A, Hampe J, Müller-Quernheim J, Schwinger E, Schreiber S. Study of Toll-like receptor gene loci in sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:423-31. [PMID: 18422738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multi-factorial systemic disease of granulomatous inflammation. Current concepts of the aetiology include interactions of unknown environmental triggers with an inherited susceptibility. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are main components of innate immunity and therefore TLR genes are candidate susceptibility genes in sarcoidosis. Ten members of the human TLR gene family have been identified and mapped to seven chromosomal segments. The aim of this study was to investigate all known TLR gene loci for genetic linkage with sarcoidosis and to follow positive signals with different methods. We analysed linkage of TLR gene loci to sarcoidosis by use of closely flanking microsatellite markers in 83 families with 180 affected siblings. We found significant linkage between sarcoidosis and markers of the TLR4 gene locus on chromosome 9q (non-parametric linkage score 2.63, P = 0.0043). No linkage was found for the remaining TLR gene loci. We subsequently genotyped 1203 sarcoidosis patients from 997 families, 1084 relatives and 537 control subjects for four single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR4, including Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile. This genotype data set was studied by case-control comparisons and transmission disequilibrium tests, but showed no significant results. In summary, TLR4 - w ith significant genetic linkage results - appears to be the most promising member of the TLR gene family for further investigation in sarcoidosis. However, our results do not confirm the TLR4 polymorphisms Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile as susceptibility markers. Our results rather point to another as yet unidentified variant within or close to TLR4 that might confer susceptibility to sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schürmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Female-specific association of C-C chemokine receptor 5 gene polymorphisms with Löfgren’s syndrome. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:553-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prasse A, Katic C, Germann M, Buchwald A, Zissel G, Müller-Quernheim J. Phenotyping Sarcoidosis from a Pulmonary Perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:330-6. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200705-742oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Iannuzzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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Abstract
The predisposition to sarcoidosis is genetically determined, and genetics appears also to account for the variability in clinical phenotype and behaviour. Many genetic loci have been investigated to date, mainly in case-control association studies. However, only a small number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been consistently associated with sarcoidosis susceptibility/phenotype. In this regard, the association between Löfgren's syndrome and the extended HLA-DRB1*0301/DQB1*0201 haplotype is probably the most extensively reproduced. Several, generally less convincing, associations have been also reported. Of these, the chemokine receptor and butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) associations are most promising. However, two major limitations of genetic studies are that the understanding of the biological relevance of gene variations in the genome is still incomplete and that the reported associations need to be verified in populations of different ethnicities. Despite a number of intriguing hypotheses, what causes sarcoidosis remains obscure. Genetic studies and, importantly, functional analysis of candidate genes will provide insight into pathogenesis and disease risk. However, if, as many believe, sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous collection of disorders, a critical step will be to carefully refine the clinical phenotype, as genetic studies of complex diseases are more rewording if a very specific disease subset is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Medica I, Kastrin A, Maver A, Peterlin B. Role of genetic polymorphisms in ACE and TNF-alpha gene in sarcoidosis: a meta-analysis. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:836-847. [PMID: 17768594 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A great number of association studies have been performed to identify the genes involved in the etiology and prognosis of sarcoidosis. We performed a systematic review of case-control studies through the PubMed database and evaluated them for a possible inclusion into a meta-analysis in order to assess whether the reported genetic polymorphisms are the risk factors of sarcoidosis. Case-control studies with clear diagnostic criteria and interventions were included. Only investigations of a single polymorphism/gene involvement in sarcoidosis reported more than five times were selected. Aggregating data from 12 studies on ID/ACE polymorphisms, the odds ratio (OR) for sarcoidosis, if the polymorphism was considered under the dominant genetic model, was not significantly increased: 1.19 (95% CI 0.98-1.43); OR under the recessive model was 1.20 (95% CI 0.98-1.46). In seven case-control studies on -308/TNF-alpha polymorphism, the OR for sarcoidosis if the polymorphism considered under the dominant genetic model was significantly increased at 1.47 (95% CI 1.03-2.08); the OR under the recessive model was 1.39 (95% CI 0.67-2.90). In conclusion, the results showed that the TNF-alpha genotype could be a significant risk factor for sarcoidosis, whereas the risk of sarcoidosis due to the ACE genotype was not substantially elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Medica
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Kastrin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Maver
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA. Genetics of sarcoidosis: candidate genes and genome scans. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY 2007; 4:108-16. [PMID: 17202299 PMCID: PMC2647608 DOI: 10.1513/pats.200607-141jg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen class II allele associations and T-cell receptor beta chain bias in sarcoidosis suggest a specific disease-triggering antigen exposure in a genetically susceptible host. The cause of sarcoidosis has been elusive, but genetics provides one of the few promising avenues to further our understanding. We review the association studies and genome scans used to identify the genes involved in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Iannuzzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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23
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Navratilova Z. Polymorphisms in CCL2&CCL5 chemokines/chemokine receptors genes and their association with diseases. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2006; 150:191-204. [PMID: 17426779 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2006.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines and chemokine receptors are major mediators of leukocyte trafficking into the sites of the immune response. They participate in defence against microbial infection, in Th1/Th2 polarization of the immune response, allograft rejection and angiogenesis/angiostasis as well as in tumorigenesis and metastasis. To date, several functional polymorphisms of chemokine and chemokine receptor genes have been discovered that are able to deregulate chemokine system and, therefore, they may interfere with the pathogenesis of a large number of inflammatory and other diseases. In this review we focus on the known polymorphisms of two chemokines: CCL2, CCL5 and their corresponding receptors (CCR2, CCR5) and we also discuss their associations with susceptibility and progression to selected immune-mediated diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on relevant literature this article gives a short overview of case-control and family studies regarding effect of the genetic factors on diseases such as coronary artery disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, lung diseases and others. CONCLUSION Recent advance in the identification of chemokine genetic background of the diseases could provide opportunity for pharmacological treatment. However, we need more information about posttranscriptional events to understand functional relevance of polymorphisms and to discovery new avenues to blocking disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Navratilova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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24
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Martinez FJ, Keane MP. Update in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases 2005. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:1066-71. [PMID: 16679445 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2601011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/diagnosis
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/epidemiology
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/therapy
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biopsy, Needle
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/epidemiology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy
- Macrophages, Alveolar/cytology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Prognosis
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnosis
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/epidemiology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Risk Assessment
- Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
- Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
- Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/therapy
- Severity of Illness Index
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0360, USA.
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25
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Nadif R, Mintz M, Rivas-Fuentes S, Jedlicka A, Lavergne E, Rodero M, Kauffmann F, Combadière C, Kleeberger SR. Polymorphisms in chemokine and chemokine receptor genes and the development of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Cytokine 2006; 33:171-8. [PMID: 16524739 PMCID: PMC1913495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are key regulators of inflammation and may participate in the lung fibrotic process. Associations of polymorphisms in CCL5 (G-403A) and its receptor CCR5 (Delta32), CCL2 (A-2578G) and CCR2 (V64I), and CX3CR1 V249I and T280M with coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) were investigated in 209 miners examined in 1990, 1994 and 1999. Coal dust exposure was assessed by job history and ambient measures. The main health outcome was lung computed tomography (CT) score in 1990. Internal coherence was assessed by studying CT score in 1994, 4-year change in CT score, and CWP prevalence in 1999. CCR5 Delta32 carriers had significantly higher CT score in 1990 and 1994 (2.15 vs. 1.28, p=0.01; 3.04 vs. 1.80, p=0.04). The CX3CR1 I249 allele was significantly associated with lower 1990 CT score and lower progression in 4-year change in CT score in CCR5 Delta32 carriers only (p for interaction=0.03 and 0.02). CX3CR1 V249I was associated with lower 1999 CWP prevalence (16.7%, 13.2%, 0.0% for VV, VI and II); the effect was most evident in miners with high dust exposure (31.6%, 21.7%, 0.0%). Our findings indicate that chemokine receptors CCR5 and CX3CR1 may be involved in the development of pneumoconiosis.
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