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Stolk RF, Bruse N, Ter Horst R, Jansen A, Ricaño Ponce I, Gerretsen J, van der Hoeven J, Kumar V, Netea MG, Pickkers P, Kox M. The impact of ADRB2 polymorphisms on immune responses and norepinephrine-induced immunosuppression. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:84-92. [PMID: 36822159 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE To evaluate whether common nonsynonymous variants [single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or SNP haplotypes] in the β2-adrenergic receptor render subjects more susceptible to norepinephrine-induced immunosuppression and whether they are associated with dysregulated ex vivo and in vivo inflammatory responses. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers (main cohort: n = 106, secondary cohort: n = 408) were ex vivo stimulated with various stimuli and production of cytokines was assessed. Additionally, ex vivo modulation of cytokine production by norepinephrine was evaluated in the main cohort. Volunteers from the main cohort also underwent experimental endotoxemia (administration of 1 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide), during which in vivo plasma cytokine concentrations and clinical inflammatory parameters were measured. Subjects were genotyped, common SNPs in the ADRB2 gene were extracted (rs1042711, rs1042713, and rs1042714), and the presence of haplotypes was identified (CysGlyGln, CysArgGln, and ArgGlyGlu). RESULTS In both cohorts, presence of ADRB2 SNPs or haplotypes was not associated with altered ex vivo cytokine responses. Norepinephrine attenuated production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 [-26% (-22% to -30%) and -14% (-9% to -18%), respectively, both P < 0.0001] and enhanced release of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 [+9% (+3% to +15%), P = 0.003]. These effects were not modulated by the presence of ADRB2 SNPs or haplotypes (all P values >0.37). In addition, no influence of SNPs or haplotypes on in vivo cytokine concentrations or clinical inflammatory parameters was observed (P values >0.14). CONCLUSIONS Common nonsynonymous variants in the ADRB2 gene influence neither ex vivo cytokine production or norepinephrine-mediated immunosuppression nor the systemic in vivo inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide administration in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland F Stolk
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Bruse
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Research center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Austria
| | - Aron Jansen
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Isis Ricaño Ponce
- Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands.,Nitte (deemed to be university), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology nd Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Germany
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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Gonczi CMC, Touma F, Daigneault T, Pozzebon C, Burchell-Reyes K, Darlington PJ. Modulation of IL-17A and IFNγ by β2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline and inverse-agonist nebivolol, influence of ADRB2 polymorphisms. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract><sec>
<title>Background</title>
<p>Upon activation, helper T (Th) cells produce cytokines such as IL-17A and IFNγ, which may exacerbate inflammatory disease and disorders. Adrenergic drugs are emerging as immunomodulatory agents to treat pro-inflammatory diseases, but their function is not completely understood. Th Cells express the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) that is encoded by <italic>ADRB2</italic>. Agonists of the β2AR decrease IFNγ but can increase IL-17A from Th cells. We compared a β2AR agonist to an inverse-agonist, and assessed the influence of <italic>ADRB2</italic> polymorphisms on IL-17A and IFNγ responses.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from venous blood of healthy human participants were cultured with T cell activators anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Terbutaline, a β2AR agonist or nebivolol, a β1AR antagonist and β2AR inverse-agonist, were added <italic>in vitro</italic>. Cytokines IL-17A and IFNγ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genomic <italic>ADRB2</italic> and its immediate upstream region were sequenced using Sanger's method. Cytokine response to drug was analyzed based on <italic>ADRB2</italic> polymorphisms.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Terbutaline consistently inhibited IFNγ from activated PBMC samples. In contrast, it increased IL-17A in PBMC homozygous for Gly16 codon of <italic>ADRB2</italic>. Nebivolol inhibited IL-17A and IFNγ from activated Th cells. When applied to activated-PBMCs, nebivolol inhibited IL-17A but did not significantly inhibit IFNγ although a trend was observed. The ability of nebivolol to inhibit IL-17A was attenuated by a β2AR-specific antagonist. Cellular proliferation and viability was not significantly changed by nebivolol. Nebivolol suppressed IL-17A in all of the samples regardless of <italic>ADRB2</italic> polymorphisms.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>This data demonstrates that terbutaline inhibited IFNγ, however, it increased IL-17A in samples with the common Gly16 polymorphism of <italic>ADRB2</italic>. Nebivolol inhibited IL-17A regardless of <italic>ADRB2</italic> polymorphisms. Thus, nebivolol is a strong candidate for treating inflammatory diseases or disorders where IL-17A exacerbates symptoms.</p>
</sec></abstract>
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3
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Kondrashov A, Mohd Yusof NAN, Hasan A, Goulding J, Kodagoda T, Hoang DM, Vo NTN, Melarangi T, Dolatshad N, Gorelik J, Hill SJ, Harding SE, Denning C. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation and analysis of N terminus polymorphic models of β 2AR in isogenic hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 20:39-53. [PMID: 33335946 PMCID: PMC7733025 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During normal- and patho-physiological situations, the behavior of the beta2-adrenoreceptor (β2AR) is influenced by polymorphic variants. The functional impact of such polymorphisms has been suggested from data derived from genetic association studies, in vitro experiments with primary cells, and transgenic overexpression models. However, heterogeneous genetic background and non-physiological transgene expression levels confound interpretation, leading to conflicting mechanistic conclusions. To overcome these limitations, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to create a unique suite of four isogenic homozygous variants at amino acid positions 16(G/R) and 27(G/Q), which reside in the N terminus of the β2AR. By producing cardiomyocytes from these hPSC lines, we determined that at a functional level β2AR signaling dominated over β1AR . Examining changes in beat rates and responses to isoprenaline, Gi coupling, cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, downregulation, and desensitization indicated that responses were often heightened for the GE variant, implying differential dominance of both polymorphic location and amino acid substitution. This finding was corroborated, since GE showed hypersensitivity to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity relative to GQ and RQ variants. Thus, understanding the effect of β2AR polymorphisms on cardiac response to anticancer therapy may provide a route for personalized medicine and facilitate immediate clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kondrashov
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Nurul A N Mohd Yusof
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alveera Hasan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Duc M Hoang
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tony Melarangi
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nazanin Dolatshad
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Genetic Polymorphisms in Sepsis and Cardiovascular Disease: Do Similar Risk Genes Suggest Similar Drug Targets? Chest 2019; 155:1260-1271. [PMID: 30660782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants are associated with altered clinical outcome of patients with sepsis and cardiovascular diseases. Common gene signaling pathways may be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. A better understanding of genetic commonality among these diseases may enable the discovery of important genes, signaling pathways, and therapeutic targets for these diseases. We investigated the common genetic factors by a systematic search of the literature. Twenty-four genes (ADRB2, CD14, FGB, FV, HMOX1, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, IL10, IL17A, IRAK1, MASP2, MBL, MIR608, MIF, NOD2, PCSK9, PPARG, PROC, SERPINE1, SOD2, SVEP1, TF, TIRAP, TLR1) were extracted as reported genetic variations associated with altered outcome of both sepsis and cardiovascular diseases. Of these genes, the adverse allele (or combinations) was same in nine (ADRB2, FV, HMOX1, IL6, MBL, MIF, NOD2, PCSK9, SERPINE1), and the effect appears to be in the same direction in both sepsis and cardiovascular disease. Shared gene signaling pathways suggest that these are true biological results and could point to overlapping drug targets in sepsis and cardiovascular disease.
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Carvajal Gonczi CM, Tabatabaei Shafiei M, East A, Martire E, Maurice-Ventouris MHI, Darlington PJ. Reciprocal modulation of helper Th1 and Th17 cells by the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist drug terbutaline. FEBS J 2017; 284:3018-3028. [PMID: 28710773 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamine hormones are powerful regulators of the immune system produced by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). They regulate the adaptive immune system by altering T-cell differentiation into T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cell subsets, but the effect on Th17 cells is not known. Th17 cells, defined, in part, by chemokine receptor CCR6 and cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A, are crucial for mediating certain pathogen-specific responses and are linked with several autoimmune diseases. We demonstrated that a proportion of human Th17 cells express beta 2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), a G protein-coupled receptor that responds to catecholamines. Activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which were obtained from venous blood drawn from healthy volunteers, with anti-cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) and anti-CD28 and with a β2-agonist drug, terbutaline (TERB), augmented IL-17A levels (P < 0.01) in the majority of samples. TERB reduced interferon gamma (IFNγ) indicating that IL-17A and IFNγ are reciprocally regulated. Similar reciprocal regulation was observed with dbcAMP. Proliferation of Th cells was monitored by carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester labeling and flow cytometry with antibody staining for CD3 and CD4. TERB increased proliferation by a small but significant margin (P < 0.001). Next, Th17 cells (CD4+ CXCR3- CCR6+ ) were purified using an immunomagnetic positive selection kit, which removes all other mononuclear cells. TERB increased IL-17A from purified Th17 cells, which argues that TERB acts directly on Th17 cells. Thus, hormone signals from the SNS maintain a balance of Th cells subtypes through the β2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina M Carvajal Gonczi
- The Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mahdieh Tabatabaei Shafiei
- The Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashley East
- The Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erika Martire
- The Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meagane H I Maurice-Ventouris
- The Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter J Darlington
- The Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Shah NJ, Vinod Kumar S, Gurusamy U, Annan Sudarsan AK, Shewade DG. Effect of ADRB2 (adrenergic receptor β2) gene polymorphisms on the occurrence of asthma and on the response to nebulized salbutamol in South Indian patients with bronchial asthma. J Asthma 2015; 52:755-62. [PMID: 25985706 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1012589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic mutations in the β2 receptor could alter its functioning and the response to β2 agonists. The study was done to find out the effect of two commonly occurring polymorphisms-Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu, on cause of asthma and on response to nebulized salbutamol in South Indian subjects of asthma. METHODS After baseline measurements of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1st second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), five mg of nebulized salbutamol was administered and spirometry was repeated. The increase in these parameters was calculated and patients were included for genotyping if the percentage increase in FEV1 was ≥12%. The frequencies of these polymorphisms in patients were compared with those of healthy volunteers. RESULTS 112 patients and 127 healthy volunteers were genotyped. The frequencies of the polymorphisms were found to be similar to previously published Dravidian population frequencies. The frequencies of genotypes in asthmatics were similar to healthy volunteers. The increase in FEV1, FVC and PEFR was similar across various genotypes and haplotypes in both the polymorphisms. The GG-CG haplotype was associated with 3.1 times increased occurrence of asthma (p value = 0.02). The G allele of the Arg16Gly polymorphism was associated with lower baseline FEV1, FVC and PEFR values, but these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms do not determine the occurrence of asthma individually, but the GG-CG haplotype is associated with an increased risk of asthma. There is no effect of the genotypes on the response to nebulized salbutamol.
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Abstract
The interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system has been documented over the last several decades. In this review, the neuroanatomical, cellular, and molecular evidence for neuroimmune regulation in the maintenance of immune homeostasis will be discussed, as well as the potential impact of neuroimmune dysregulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Padro
- The Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Virginia M Sanders
- The Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; The Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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8
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Eisenach JH, Schroeder DR, Pavey ES, Penheiter AR, Knutson JN, Turner ST, Joyner MJ. Interactions between beta-2 adrenoceptor gene variation, cardiovascular control and dietary sodium in healthy young adults. J Physiol 2014; 592:5221-33. [PMID: 25260632 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.276469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary sodium affects function of the beta-2 adrenoceptor (ADRB2). We tested the hypothesis that haplotype variation in the ADRB2 gene would influence the cardiovascular and regional vasodilator responses to sympathoexcitatory manoeuvres following low, normal and high sodium diets, and ADRB2-mediated forearm vasodilation in the high sodium condition. Seventy-one healthy young adults were grouped by double homozygous haplotypes: Arg16+Gln27 (n = 31), the rare Gly16+Gln27 (n = 10) and Gly16+Glu27 (n = 30). Using a randomized cross-over design, subjects were studied following 5 days of controlled low, normal and high sodium with 1 month or longer between diets (and low hormone phase of the menstrual cycle). All three visits utilized ECG and finger plethysmography for haemodynamic measures, and the high sodium visit included a brachial arterial catheter for forearm vasodilator responses to isoprenaline with plethysmography. Lymphocytes were sampled for ex vivo analysis of ADRB2 density and binding conformation. We found a main effect of haplotype on ADRB2 density (P = 0.03) with the Gly16+Glu27 haplotype having the greatest density (low, normal, high sodium: 12.9 ± 0.9, 13.5 ± 0.9 and 13.6 ± 0.8 fmol mg(-1) protein, respectively) and Arg16+Gln27 having the least (9.3 ± 0.6, 10.1 ± 0.5 and 10.3 ± 0.6 fmol mg(-1) protein, respectively), but there were no sodium or haplotype effects on receptor binding conformation. In the mental stress trial, there was a main effect of haplotype on cardiac output (P = 0.04), as Arg16+Gln27 had the lowest responses. Handgrip and forearm vasodilation yielded no haplotype differences, and no correlations were present for ADRB2 density and haemodynamics. Our findings support cell-based evidence that ADRB2 haplotype influences ADRB2 protein expression independent of dietary sodium, yet the haemodynamic consequences appear modest in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Eisenach
- Departments of Anaesthesiology, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Darrell R Schroeder
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily S Pavey
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan R Penheiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jean N Knutson
- Departments of Anaesthesiology, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Departments of Anaesthesiology, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex genetic disease that develops as a result of the interaction of multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Major therapeutic approaches include smoking cessation, treatment with bronchodilators and corticosteroid therapy. The goal of understanding the genetic defects in patients with COPD will be not only to redefine the disease phenotypes based on the genetic information, but also to alternatively approach patients based on the understanding of COPD pathogenesis, which will lead to improved clinical outcomes. Although there is no single ideal phenotype for COPD pharmacogenetic studies, thus far, most pharmacogenetics studies have focused on the role of variants in the β2-adrenergic receptor gene on bronchodilator response. The inconclusive results yielded by these studies highlight many of the difficulties researchers face in assessing the influence of genetic variants and in translating this to clinically relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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10
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Mochizuki H, Nanjo Y, Kawate E, Yamazaki M, Tsuda Y, Takahashi H. β2-adrenergic receptor haplotype may be associated with susceptibility to desensitization to long-acting β2-agonists in COPD patients. Lung 2012; 190:411-7. [PMID: 22526864 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Τhat β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) haplotypes may play a key role in clinical response to β2-agonists and haplotype Cys-19Gly16Gln27 (CysGlyGln) is reported to be associated with desensitization of β2AR to β-agonists in lymphocytes isolated from patients with asthma and septic shock. We sought to determine whether haplotypic variation of the β2AR affects the functional outcomes of long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when used as monotherapy. METHODS Treatment-naïve patients with COPD (n = 36) were prospectively treated with two kinds of LABA--inhaled salmeterol and transdermal tulobuterol patch--for 12 weeks in crossover study, and changes in pulmonary function data and 6-minute walk distance (6 MWD) were compared between groups stratified by the CysGlyGln. RESULTS Frequencies of haplotype and diplotype for the CysGlyGln were 0.51 and 0.36, respectively. The individuals homozygous for CysGlyGln showed less improvement in FEV(1), %FEF(25-75 %), and IC/TLC than those with 0 or 1 copy of CysGlyGln after treatment with both LABAs despite initial bronchodilator responses to albuterol being similar in these groups. The response in these parameters was not significantly different between two types of LABA. Overall changes in 6 MWD in individuals with 2 copies of CysGlyGln versus 0 or 1 copy for salmeterol were 2.8 and 11 m, and for tulobuterol were -1.3 and 16 m, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Homozygous haplotype for the CysGlyGln of β2AR may be associated with susceptibility to desensitization to LABA in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Mochizuki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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11
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Wang D, Xiang YK. β-adrenergic receptor, amyloid β-peptide, and Alzheimer's disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2011; 67:205-28. [PMID: 21771492 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384921-2.00010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Wang
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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12
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Loza MJ, Penn RB. Regulation of T cells in airway disease by beta-agonist. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2010; 2:969-79. [PMID: 20515836 DOI: 10.2741/s113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that Th2 cytokines derived from T cells play a major role in the development of allergic lung inflammation that causes most asthma. Beta-agonists are important rescue and maintenance therapies for asthma, yet our understanding of beta-agonist effects on T cell biology is surprisingly poor. Recent studies using both cell culture and more integrative models are beginning to reveal beta-agonist regulation of T cell signaling and function that may be important in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma and possibly other inflammatory diseases. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the literature concerning beta-agonist effects on T cells, and discuss the relevance of emerging paradigms of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling to T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Loza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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14
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Nakada TA, Russell JA, Boyd JH, Aguirre-Hernandez R, Thain KR, Thair SA, Nakada E, McConechy M, Walley KR. beta2-Adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism is associated with mortality in septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 181:143-9. [PMID: 19850944 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0332oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The CysGlyGln haplotype of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) is functional and associated with altered responses to adrenergic agonists in patients with asthma. Whether this functional haplotype alters outcome in patients receiving adrenergic agonists in septic shock is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether genetic variation of ADRB2 influences outcome in septic shock. METHODS Two cohorts of patients with septic shock were studied: a single center (St. Paul's Hospital [SPH]) cohort (n = 589) and the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial (VASST) cohort (n = 616). The A allele of the rs1042717 G/A polymorphism is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the CysGlyGln haplotype of ADRB2; therefore, rs1042717 was genotyped. Modulation by norepinephrine and salbutamol of IL-6 production by stimulated in vitro lymphoblastoid cells was measured by genotype. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients who had the AA genotype of rs1042717 displayed increased 28-day mortality in SPH (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-3.72; P = 0.0022), and this result was replicated in VASST (adjusted hazard ratio 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-5.09; P = 0.0006). This genotypic effect was eliminated in patients treated with acute low-dose corticosteroids. In all patients, the AA genotype was associated with more organ dysfunction. Patients with the AA genotype had a higher heart rate (SPH; P < 0.05; VASST; P < 0.05) and required a higher norepinephrine dose over Days 1 through 3 (VASST; P < 0.05). The AA genotype was associated with decreased norepinephrine and salbutamol inhibition of IL-6 production by stimulated lymphoblastoid cells in vitro (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The AA genotype of ADRB2 rs1042717, identifying homozygotes for the CysGlyGln haplotype, was associated with increased mortality and more organ dysfunction in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-Aki Nakada
- Critical Care Research Laboratories, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6
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15
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Lee Y, Wang S, Tsai C, Guo YL. Associations of beta2-adrenergic receptor genotypes and haplotypes with wheezing illness in Taiwanese schoolchildren. Allergy 2009; 64:1451-1457. [PMID: 19254291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing attention was focused on the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2), whose genetic variability has been implicated as a risk factor for asthma-related phenotypes. However, only a few studies reported the associations by utilizing haplotypic approaches. We therefore examined the relationship of childhood wheezing illness with polymorphisms at codons 16 and 27, and evaluated the influence of polymorphisms individually and in combination as haplotypes. METHODS We conducted a genetic case-control study comprising 215 wheezing children and 183 nonwheezing controls, all of whom were selected from 2524 fourth- to ninth-grade schoolchildren in southern Taiwan. RESULTS All participants were homozygous at the ADRB2 Thr164 locus. After controlling for possible confounders, ADRB2 Glu27 allele was significantly associated with wheezing illness in all genetic models, but the risks on Arg16Gly genotypes were inconclusive. Estimated frequencies for the three main hyplotypes were Arg16/Gln27 57.2%, Gly16/Gln27 35.3%, Gly16/Glu27 7.4% in wheezing children, and Arg16/Gln27 56.3%, Gly16/Gln27 32.2%, Gly16/Glu27 10.4% in controls. The protective effect of Gly16/Glu27 haplotype remained relative to all other ADRB2 haplotypes [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.97]. As compared with children without Gly16/Glu27 haplotype, those with Gly16/Glu27 haplotype had a significantly lower risk for wheezing illness (aRR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.33-0.99). The copy numbers of Gly16/Glu27 haplotype also showed a clear dose-response relationship on the decreased risks. No significant association was found with the prevalence of wheezing illness for other haplotypes. CONCLUSION We concluded that ADRB2 Glu27 allele and Gly16/Glu27 haplotype were significantly protective factors for wheezing illness in Taiwanese schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.‐L. Lee
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - S.‐T. Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - C.‐H. Tsai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Y. L. Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Wang C, Salam MT, Islam T, Wenten M, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD. Effects of in utero and childhood tobacco smoke exposure and beta2-adrenergic receptor genotype on childhood asthma and wheezing. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e107-14. [PMID: 18558635 PMCID: PMC2748980 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene and asthma and wheeze have been inconsistent. Recent studies indicated that tobacco smoke affects beta2-adrenergic receptor gene expression and associations of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene variants with asthma in adults. We aimed to investigate the joint effects of in utero and childhood secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and 2 well-characterized functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Arg16Gly and Glu27Gln) of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene on asthma and wheezing in 3128 non-Hispanic and Hispanic white children of the Children's Health Study. METHODS We fitted logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the independent and joint effects of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms and in utero and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure on asthma and wheeze outcomes. RESULTS Exposures to in utero maternal smoking and secondhand tobacco smoke were associated with wheezing. Children who were homozygous for the Arg16 allele and were exposed to maternal smoking in utero were at a threefold increased risk for lifetime wheeze compared with children who were unexposed and had at least 1 Gly16 allele. We found similar joint effects of secondhand tobacco smoke and Arg16Gly with wheezing. The risk for lifetime, current, and nocturnal wheeze increased with the number of smokers at home among Arg16 homozygous children. The results were consistent in 2 cohorts of children recruited in 1993 and 1996. Diplotype-based analyses were consistent with the single-nucleotide polymorphism-specific results. No associations were found for Glu27Gln. CONCLUSIONS Both in utero and childhood exposure to tobacco smoke were associated with an increased risk for wheeze in children, and the risks were greater for children with the Arg16Arg genotype or 2 copies of the Arg16-Gln27 diplotype. Exposures to smoking need to be taken into account when evaluating the effects of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene variants on respiratory health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Muhammad T. Salam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Talat Islam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Madé Wenten
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - W. James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Kay LJ, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Suvarna SK, Peachell PT. Influence of beta2-adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms on beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in human lung mast cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:323-31. [PMID: 17643132 PMCID: PMC2042952 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in human lung mast cells are highly variable. The aims of the present study were to establish whether polymorphisms of the beta (2)-adrenoceptor gene (ADRB2) influence this variability in (a) beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition and (b) desensitization of beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in human lung mast cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mast cells were isolated from human lung tissue. The inhibitory effects of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline (10(-10)-10(-5) M), on IgE-mediated histamine release from mast cells were determined (n=92). Moreover, the inhibitory effects of isoprenaline were evaluated following a desensitizing treatment involving long-term (24 h) incubation of mast cells with isoprenaline (10(-6) M) (n=65). A potential influence of polymorphisms on these functional responses was determined by genotyping 11 positions, in the promoter and coding regions, of ADRB2 previously reported as polymorphic. KEY RESULTS There was no influence of any of the polymorphic positions of ADRB2 on the potency of isoprenaline to inhibit histamine release from mast cells with the exception of position 491C>T (Thr164Ile). There was no influence of any of the polymorphic positions of ADRB2 on the extent of desensitization of the isoprenaline-mediated response following a desensitizing treatment except for position 46G>A (Gly16Arg). Analyses at the haplotype level indicated that there was no influence of haplotype on beta (2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in mast cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data indicate that certain polymorphisms in ADRB2 influence beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in human lung mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kay
- Academic Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital (Floor M) Sheffield, UK
| | - A Rostami-Hodjegan
- Academic Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital (Floor M) Sheffield, UK
| | - S K Suvarna
- Department of Histopathology, Northern General Hospital Sheffield, UK
| | - P T Peachell
- Academic Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital (Floor M) Sheffield, UK
- Author for correspondence:
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18
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Gkoumassi E, Dekkers BGJ, Dröge MJ, Elzinga CRS, Schmidt M, Meurs H, Zaagsma J, Nelemans SA. Virodhamine and CP55,940 modulate cAMP production and IL-8 release in human bronchial epithelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:1041-8. [PMID: 17558435 PMCID: PMC2042924 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated expression of cannabinoid receptors and the effects of the endogenous cannabinoid virodhamine and the synthetic agonist CP55,940 on cAMP accumulation and interleukin-8 (IL-8) release in human bronchial epithelial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human bronchial epithelial (16HBE14o(-)) cells were used. Total mRNA was isolated and cannabinoid receptor mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR. Expression of CB(1) and CB(2) receptor proteins was detected with Western blotting using receptor-specific antibodies. cAMP accumulation was measured by competitive radioligand binding assay. IL-8 release was measured by ELISA. KEY RESULTS CB(1) and CB(2) receptor mRNAs and proteins were found. Both agonists concentration-dependently decreased forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. This effect was inhibited by the CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528, and was sensitive to Pertussis toxin (PTX), suggesting the involvement of CB(2) receptors and G(i/o)-proteins. Cell pretreatment with PTX unmasked a stimulatory component, which was blocked by the CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716A. CB(2) receptor-mediated inhibition of cAMP production by virodhamine and CP55,940 was paralleled by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced IL-8 release. This inhibition was insensitive to SR141716A. In the absence of agonist, SR144528 by itself reduced TNF-alpha induced IL-8 release. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results show for the first time that 16HBE14o(-) cells respond to virodhamine and CP55,940. CB(1) and CB(2) receptor subtypes mediated activation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, respectively. Stimulation of the dominant CB(2) receptor signalling pathway diminished cAMP accumulation and TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 release. These observations may imply that cannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory properties in airways by modulating cytokine release.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Bronchi/cytology
- Bronchi/drug effects
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Camphanes/pharmacology
- Cannabinoids/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclohexanols/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Antagonism
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rimonabant
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gkoumassi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Centre for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Peachell P. Regulation of mast cells by beta-agonists. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2007; 31:131-42. [PMID: 17085789 DOI: 10.1385/criai:31:2:131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The human lung mast cell is known to be a critical effector cell in the mediation of asthma. Activation of the mast cell by allergens and other stimuli leads to the release and generation of a wide variety of autacoids that cause bronchoconstriction, promote inflammation, and may influence airway remodeling. Therefore, the stabilization of mast cells has obvious value in the prevention of asthma. Among the drugs used to treat asthma, only beta-agonists are effective stabilizers of mast cells. Both short- and long-acting beta-agonists are effective against mast cells, but there are differences between agonists regarding the extent of inhibitory activity attained. Consequently, the type of beta-agonist prescribed influences the degree of mast cell stabilization possible. Despite the potential value of attenuating mast cell activity with beta-agonists, this benefit may diminish with time because of the development of tolerance. Both short- and long-acting beta-agonists can induce tolerance to mast cell stabilization, and generally, higher efficacy agonists tend to induce greater levels of tolerance; however, weaker agonists induce greater levels of tolerance than might be expected. Tolerance to the mast-cell-stabilizing effects of beta- agonists may be an issue clinically, because this occurs more readily than tolerance to smooth muscle relaxation. This could lead to a situation in which beta-agonists fail to prevent the release of mediators from mast cells but can still effectively relax airway smooth muscle. The continued ability to bronchodilate could mask the unfavorable consequences of unchecked mediator release from mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Peachell
- Academic Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kindgom.
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20
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Kang H, Koh YY. Analysis of the association between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and genetic polymorphism of β 2-adrenoceptor in adolescents with long-term asthma remission. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2007. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2007.50.6.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Yull Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Wenzel
- National Jewish Medical and Research Center for Immunology, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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22
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Taylor MRG. Pharmacogenetics of the human beta-adrenergic receptors. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2006; 7:29-37. [PMID: 16636683 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The beta-adrenergic receptors (ADRBs) are cell surface receptors that play central roles in the sympathetic nervous system. Pharmacological targeting of two of these receptors, ADRB1 and ADRB2, represents a widely used therapeutic approach for common and important diseases including asthma, hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variation in both ADRB1 and ADRB2 has been linked to both in vitro and clinical disease phenotypes. More recently, interest has shifted to studies that explore potential interaction between variation in ADRBs and medications directed at these important receptors. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge and understanding of ADRB genetic variation and explores the likely direction of future studies in this area.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Pharmacogenetics
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M R G Taylor
- Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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