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Croston TL, Lemons AR, Barnes MA, Goldsmith WT, Orandle MS, Nayak AP, Germolec DR, Green BJ, Beezhold DH. Inhalation of Stachybotrys chartarum Fragments Induces Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:563-576. [PMID: 31671270 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0221oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stachybotrys chartarum is a fungal contaminant within the built environment and a respiratory health concern in the United States. The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanisms influencing pulmonary immune responses to repeatedly inhaled S. chartarum. Groups of B6C3F1/N mice repeatedly inhaled viable trichothecene-producing S. chartarum conidia (strain A or strain B), heat-inactivated conidia, or high-efficiency particulate absolute-filtered air twice per week for 4 and 13 weeks. Strain A was found to produce higher amounts of respirable fragments than strain B. Lung tissue, serum, and BAL fluid were collected at 24 and 48 hours after final exposure and processed for histology, flow cytometry, and RNA and proteomic analyses. At 4 weeks after exposure, a T-helper cell type 2-mediated response was observed. After 13 weeks, a mixed T-cell response was observed after exposure to strain A compared with a T-helper cell type 2-mediated response after strain B exposure. After exposure, both strains induced pulmonary arterial remodeling at 13 weeks; however, strain A-exposed mice progressed more quickly than strain B-exposed mice. BAL fluid was composed primarily of eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages. Both the immune response and the observed pulmonary arterial remodeling were supported by specific cellular, molecular, and proteomic profiles. The immunopathological responses occurred earlier in mice exposed to high fragment-producing strain A. The rather striking induction of pulmonary remodeling by S. chartarum appears to be related to the presence of fungal fragments during exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ajay P Nayak
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch.,Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Dori R Germolec
- Toxicology Branch, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Donald H Beezhold
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Segura-Medina P, Vargas MH, Aguilar-Romero JM, Arreola-Ramírez JL, Miguel-Reyes JL, Salas-Hernández J. Mold burden in house dust and its relationship with asthma control. Respir Med 2019; 150:74-80. [PMID: 30961954 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some evidences indicate that exposure to molds or their products can be relevant for the loss of asthma control. Thus, we measured the mold burden present inside houses of subjects with asthma, and evaluated its relationship with asthma control. METHODS Markers of asthma control in adult patients residing in Mexico City were evaluated through questionnaires and spirometry. Dust was collected from the patients' houses and its fungal content was determined by mold specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR) for 36 fungal species. RESULTS Forty-two patients with asthma (12 males, 30 females) with a mean age of 45 years (18-76 years) were included in the study. The level of asthma control measured through the Asthma Control Test ranged from 9 to 25 (mean 20.9). The FEV1/FVC ratio fluctuated from 38 to 106 %predicted (mean, 87.4 %predicted). Associations between mold burden and asthma control differed between males and females. Thus, concentrations of some molds, particularly Aspergillus fumigatus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Stachybotrys chartarum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides 2, Cladosporium herbarum, and Epicoccum nigrum, were negatively associated with parameters of asthma control in male subjects, but not in female patients. CONCLUSION Our results showed that potential indoor exposure to some molds is associated with less asthma control in male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Segura-Medina
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario H Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - José Manuel Aguilar-Romero
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Arreola-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Miguel-Reyes
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salas-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rosenblum Lichtenstein JH, Molina RM, Donaghey TC, Hsu YHH, Mathews JA, Kasahara DI, Park JA, Bordini A, Godleski JJ, Gillis BS, Brain JD. Repeated Mouse Lung Exposures to Stachybotrys chartarum Shift Immune Response from Type 1 to Type 2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:521-531. [PMID: 27148627 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0291oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
After a single or multiple intratracheal instillations of Stachybotrys chartarum (S. chartarum or black mold) spores in BALB/c mice, we characterized cytokine production, metabolites, and inflammatory patterns by analyzing mouse bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung tissue, and plasma. We found marked differences in BAL cell counts, especially large increases in lymphocytes and eosinophils in multiple-dosed mice. Formation of eosinophil-rich granulomas and airway goblet cell metaplasia were prevalent in the lungs of multiple-dosed mice but not in single- or saline-dosed groups. We detected changes in the cytokine expression profiles in both the BAL and plasma. Multiple pulmonary exposures to S. chartarum induced significant metabolic changes in the lungs but not in the plasma. These changes suggest a shift from type 1 inflammation after an acute exposure to type 2 inflammation after multiple exposures to S. chartarum. Eotaxin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, and the IL-8 analogs macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), had more dramatic changes in multiple- than in single-dosed mice, and parallel the cytokines that characterize humans with histories of mold exposures versus unexposed control subjects. This repeated exposure model allows us to more realistically characterize responses to mold, such as cytokine, metabolic, and cellular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H Rosenblum Lichtenstein
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramon M Molina
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas C Donaghey
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yi-Hsiang H Hsu
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Joel A Mathews
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David I Kasahara
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - André Bordini
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John J Godleski
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce S Gillis
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph D Brain
- 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bhan U, Newstead MJ, Zeng X, Ballinger MN, Standiford LR, Standiford TJ. Stachybotrys chartarum-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis is TLR9 dependent. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:2779-87. [PMID: 21982832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), an inflammatory lung disease, develops after repeated exposure to inhaled particulate antigen and is characterized by a vigorous T helper type 1-mediated immune response, resulting in the release of IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ. These T helper type 1 cytokines may participate in the pathogenesis of HP. Stachybotrys chartarum (SC) is a dimorphic fungus implicated in a number of respiratory illnesses, including HP. Here, we have developed a murine model of SC-induced HP that reproduces pathology observed in human HP and hypothesized that toll receptor-like 9 (TLR9)-mediated dendritic cell responses are required for the generation of granulomatous inflammation induced by inhaled SC. Mice sensitized and challenged with 10(6) SC spores develop granulomatous inflammation with multinucleate giant cells, accompanied by increased accumulation of neutrophils and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. SC sensitization and challenge resulted in robust pulmonary expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-12, and IFN-γ. SC-mediated granulomatous inflammation required IFN-γ and was TLR9 dependent, because TLR9(-/-) mice displayed reduced peribronchial inflammation, decreased accumulation and/or activation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and reduced lung expression of type 1 cytokines and chemokines. T-cell production of IFN-γ was IL-12 dependent. Our studies suggest that TLR9 is critical for dendritic cell-mediated development of a type 1 granulomatous inflammation in the lung in response to SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Bhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Nagayoshi M, Tada Y, West J, Ochiai E, Watanabe A, Toyotome T, Tanabe N, Takiguchi Y, Shigeta A, Yasuda T, Shibuya K, Kamei K, Tatsumi K. Inhalation of Stachybotrys chartarum evokes pulmonary arterial remodeling in mice, attenuated by Rho-kinase inhibitor. Mycopathologia 2011; 172:5-15. [PMID: 21505873 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stachybotrys chartarum, a ubiquitous fungus in our environment, has been suspected of causing respiratory symptoms in humans, such as acute infant pulmonary hemorrhage and asthma. We previously established a mouse model in which repeated inhalation of Stachybotrys chartarum spores caused pulmonary hypertension. To further investigate the model, particularly in the pulmonary circulation, mice were intra-tracheally injected with spores, 18 times over 12 weeks. Severe muscularization was observed in the small- to medium-sized pulmonary arteries. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed an increase in eosinophils accompanied by high concentrations of Th2-associated cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, but not Th1-associated IFN-γ. The remodeling was temporary, resolving after cessation of spore inhalation. Chronic inhibition of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway by fasudil attenuated pulmonary arterial remodeling. These data suggest that Stachybotrys-mediated remodeling is caused by Th2-associated inflammation and can be resolved by Rho-kinase inhibition, either through direct effects on smooth muscle hypertrophy or through indirect effects on vascular inflammation. These data also show that extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, often thought of as a fixed lesion, will spontaneously resolve in the absence of underlying molecular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nagayoshi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Alves-Filho ER, Maioli TU, Faria AMC, Noronha FSM, Silva NM, Costa MGC, Santos JLD. The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma stromaticum downregulates respiratory burst and nitric oxide in phagocytes and IFN-gamma and IL-10. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:943-958. [PMID: 21623538 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.573747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma stromaticum, a biocontrol agent of the cacao witches' broom pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa, has been used in Brazil as part of the integrated pest management of cacao. At the present time, little is known about the effects of T. stromaticum on the modulation of in vitro or in vivo immune responses. The present study examined the interaction of T. stromaticum spores with cellular and molecular components of the immune system following intranasal sensitization of mice. Our results showed that T. stromaticum spores prevented the expression and production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages stimulated with interferon (IFN)-γ plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neutrophils stimulated with phorbol myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays revealed that T. stromaticum spores inhibited the expression of dectin-1 and Toll-like-receptor (TLR)2/TLR4. Intranasal injection of BALB/c mice and subsequent challenge with spores of T. stromaticum induced a discrete inflammatory response in the lungs. Interestingly, the spores inhibited local and systemic production of the regulatory IL-10 and proinflammatory IFN-γ cytokines. In addition the spores presented an antiproliferative effect on spleen cells. These findings showed that the biopesticide T. stromaticum may exert immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson R Alves-Filho
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Bahia
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Rossi EM, Pylkkänen L, Koivisto AJ, Nykäsenoja H, Wolff H, Savolainen K, Alenius H. Inhalation exposure to nanosized and fine TiO2 particles inhibits features of allergic asthma in a murine model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:35. [PMID: 21108815 PMCID: PMC3003234 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are here to stay. Recent evidence suggests that exposure to environmental particulate matter exacerbates symptoms of asthma. In the present study we investigated the modulatory effects of titanium dioxide particle exposure in an experimental allergic asthma. Methods Nonallergic (healthy) and ovalbumin-sensitized (asthmatic) mice were exposed via inhalation to two different sizes of titanium dioxide particles, nanosized (nTiO2) and fine (fTiO2), for 2 hours a day, three days a week, for four weeks at a concentration of 10 mg/m3. Different endpoints were analysed to evaluate the immunological status of the mice. Results Healthy mice elicited pulmonary neutrophilia accompanied by significantly increased chemokine CXCL5 expression when exposed to nTiO2. Surprisingly, allergic pulmonary inflammation was dramatically suppressed in asthmatic mice which were exposed to nTiO2 or fTiO2 particles - i.e. the levels of leucocytes, cytokines, chemokines and antibodies characteristic to allergic asthma were substantially decreased. Conclusions Our results suggest that repeated airway exposure to TiO2 particles modulates the airway inflammation depending on the immunological status of the exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina M Rossi
- Unit of Excellence for Immunotoxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Chung YJ, Copeland LB, Doerfler DL, Ward MDW. The relative allergenicity of Stachybotrys chartarum compared to house dust mite extracts in a mouse model. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:460-8. [PMID: 20235799 DOI: 10.3109/08958370903380712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A report by the Institute of Medicine suggested that more research is needed to better understand mold effects on allergic disease, particularly asthma development. The authors compared the ability of the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum (SCE) and house dust mite (HDM) extracts to induce allergic responses in BALB/c mice. The extracts were administered by intratracheal aspiration (IA) at several doses (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 microg) 4 times over a 4-week period. Three days after the last IA exposure, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. The relative allergenicity of the extracts was evaluated based on the lowest dose that induced a significant response compared to control (0 microg) and the linear regression slope analysis across the dose range. SCE induced a more robust response than HDM for BALF some inflammatory cells (macrophage and neutrophils), whereas HDM induced more robust BALF lymphocyte and eosinophil responses. Although SCE induced a more robust serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) response than did HDM, the induction of a similar response in a functional, antigen-specific IgE assay required approximately twice as much SCE as HDM. Even though SCE demonstrates the ability to induce allergic responses in the mouse model, considering the importance and relevance of eosinophil, lymphocyte, and antigen-specific IgE in allergic airway disease, it is concluded that HDM is more potent than SCE in the induction of allergic responses. These data suggest a threshold dose for SCE allergy induction. Furthermore, in damp water-damaged environments, exposure to S. chartarum might easily exceed the sensitization threshold for a susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Chung
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Kankkunen P, Rintahaka J, Aalto A, Leino M, Majuri ML, Alenius H, Wolff H, Matikainen S. Trichothecene Mycotoxins Activate Inflammatory Response in Human Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:6418-25. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vieira RP, de Andrade VF, Duarte ACS, Dos Santos ABG, Mauad T, Martins MA, Dolhnikoff M, Carvalho CRF. Aerobic conditioning and allergic pulmonary inflammation in mice. II. Effects on lung vascular and parenchymal inflammation and remodeling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L670-9. [PMID: 18757522 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00465.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that asthma leads to inflammation and remodeling not only in the airways but also in pulmonary vessels and parenchyma. In addition, some studies demonstrated that aerobic training decreases chronic allergic inflammation in the airways; however, its effects on the pulmonary vessels and parenchyma have not been previously evaluated. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that aerobic conditioning reduces inflammation and remodeling in pulmonary vessels and parenchyma in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Balb/c mice were sensitized at days 0, 14, 28, and 42 and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) from day 21 to day 50. Aerobic training started on day 21 and continued until day 50. Pulmonary vessel and parenchyma inflammation and remodeling were evaluated by quantitative analysis of eosinophils and mononuclear cells and by collagen and elastin contents and smooth muscle thickness. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify the density of positive cells to interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, interferon-gamma, IL-10, monocyte chemotatic protein (MCP)-1, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p65, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. OVA exposure induced pulmonary blood vessels and parenchyma inflammation as well as increased expression of IL-4, IL-5, MCP-1, NF-kappaB p65, and IGF-I by inflammatory cells were reduced by aerobic conditioning. OVA exposure also induced an increase in smooth muscle thickness and elastic and collagen contents in pulmonary vessels, which were reduced by aerobic conditioning. Aerobic conditioning increased the expression of IL-10 in sensitized mice. We conclude that aerobic conditioning decreases pulmonary vascular and parenchymal inflammation and remodeling in this experimental model of chronic allergic lung inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo P Vieira
- School of Medicine, Univesity of São Paulo, 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy C Moore
- Center for Human Genomics and Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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