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Joerns EK, Karp D, Zhang S, Sparks JA, Adams TN, Makris UE, Newton CA. High Interleukin-13 level is associated with disease stability in interstitial Lung disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32118. [PMID: 38882341 PMCID: PMC11176841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cytokines can help predict prognosis in interstitial lung disease (ILD) and to differentiate between ILD subtypes. The objectives of our study were to evaluate association of baseline cytokine levels with time to ILD progression and to compare baseline cytokine levels between ILD subtypes. Methods We quantified 27 cytokines using a multiplex assay in peripheral blood samples from 77 patients. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to evaluate cytokine impact on the time to progression in the total cohort and within each ILD type. We evaluated for significant differences in cytokine levels between ILD types using ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Tukey method. Results Higher IL-13 level was associated with longer time to progression (hazard ratio 0.52 [0.33-0.81], p-value 0.004). FGF-β, GM-CSF, and IL-17 levels differed significantly between fibrotic and inflammatory ILD subgroups. Conclusion IL-13 may be a useful biomarker predicting ILD stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Joerns
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Dallas, TX, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Karp
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci N Adams
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Una E Makris
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Dallas, TX, USA
- Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chad A Newton
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
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2
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Zhou Y, Hu Z, Sun Q, Dong Y. 5-methyladenosine regulators play a crucial role in development of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5941. [PMID: 37045913 PMCID: PMC10097674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
5-methyladenosine (m5C) modification regulates gene expression and biological functions in oncologic areas. However, the effect of m5C modification in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unknown. Expression data for 12 significant m5C regulators were obtained from the interstitial lung disease dataset. Five candidate m5C regulators, namely tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 5, Y-box binding protein 1, tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1, and NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 3 were screened using random forest and nomogram models to predict risks of pulmonary fibrosis. Next, we applied the consensus clustering method to stratify the samples with different m5C patterns into two groups (cluster A and B). Finally, we calculated immune cell infiltration scores via single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, then compared immune cell infiltration, related functions as well as the expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, PDCD1) and programmed death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1, CD274) between the two clusters. Principal component analysis of m5C-related scores across the 288 samples revealed that cluster A had higher immune-related expression than B. Notably, T helper cell (Th) 2 type cytokines and Th1 signatures were more abundant in clusters A and B, respectively. Our results suggest that m5C is associated with and plays a crucial role in development of pulmonary fibrosis. These m5C patterns could be potential biomarkers for identification of CHP and IPF, and guide future development of immunotherapy or other new drugs strategies for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenli Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Sato F, Kawai E, Martinez NE, Omura S, Park AM, Takahashi S, Yoh K, Tsunoda I. T-bet, but not Gata3, overexpression is detrimental in a neurotropic viral infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10496. [PMID: 28874814 PMCID: PMC5585213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection in mice induces inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. Although C57BL/6 mice normally resistant to TMEV infection with viral clearance, we have previously demonstrated that RORγt-transgenic (tg) C57BL/6 mice, which have Th17-biased responses due to RORγt overexpression in T cells, became susceptible to TMEV infection with viral persistence. Here, using T-bet-tg C57BL/6 mice and Gata3-tg C57BL/6 mice, we demonstrated that overexpression of T-bet, but not Gata3, in T cells was detrimental in TMEV infection. Unexpectedly, T-bet-tg mice died 2 to 3 weeks after infection due to failure of viral clearance. Here, TMEV infection induced splenic T cell depletion, which was associated with lower anti-viral antibody and T cell responses. In contrast, Gata3-tg mice remained resistant, while Gata3-tg mice had lower IFN-γ and higher IL-4 production with increased anti-viral IgG1 responses. Thus, our data identify how overexpression of T-bet and Gata3 in T cells alters anti-viral immunity and confers susceptibility to TMEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.,Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology (CMTV), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences (CCDS), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Eiichiro Kawai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.,Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology (CMTV), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Nicholas E Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.,Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology (CMTV), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Seiichi Omura
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.,Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology (CMTV), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences (CCDS), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,International Institute for Investigative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Keigyou Yoh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA. .,Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology (CMTV), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA. .,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences (CCDS), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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Yoh K, Ojima M, Takahashi S. Th2-biased GATA-3 transgenic mice developed severe experimental peritoneal fibrosis compared with Th1-biased T-bet and Th17-biased RORγt transgenic mice. Exp Anim 2015; 64:353-62. [PMID: 26156402 PMCID: PMC4637371 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is one of the most serious complications of long-term peritoneal dialysis. The pathogenesis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis has not been elucidated, but several putative factors necessary for the development of peritoneum fibrosis (PF) have been reported. However, the roles of T helper (Th) cells in the progression of PF are unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the roles of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in the progression of PF. T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt are Th1, Th2, and Th17 lineage commitment transcription factors, respectively. We previously generated Th1-biased (T-bet transgenic (Tg)) mice, Th2-biased (GATA-3 Tg) mice, and Th17-biased (RORγt Tg) mice. In this study, Th1, Th2, Th17-biased, and wild-type mice were administered chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) intraperitoneally and analyzed on day 21. CG-injected GATA-3 Tg mice showed a distended intestinal tract and developed marked thickening of the submesothelial space compared with the other groups. CG-injected GATA-3 Tg mice also showed significant expression of α-SMA positive cells, macrophages, and collagen III in the submesothelium. In contrast, CG-injected T-bet Tg mice only developed mild peritoneal fibrosis. Cytokines analysis in peritoneal fluid showed that IFN-γ was significantly increased in CG-injected T-bet Tg mice and that IL-13 was significantly increased in CG-injected GATA-3 Tg mice. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of IFN-γ improved PF in GC-injected wild-type mice. Our results suggest that Th2 cells may play roles in the development of experimental PF and that Th1 cells may alleviate the severity of experimental PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigyou Yoh
- Anatomy and Embryology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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5
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Perinatal antibiotic-induced shifts in gut microbiota have differential effects on inflammatory lung diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:100-9. [PMID: 25145536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resident gut microbiota are now recognized as potent modifiers of host immune responses in various scenarios. Recently, we demonstrated that perinatal exposure to vancomycin, but not streptomycin, profoundly alters gut microbiota and enhances susceptibility to a TH2 model of allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE Here we sought to further clarify the etiology of these changes by determining whether perinatal antibiotic treatment has a similar effect on the TH1/TH17-mediated lung disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis. METHODS Hypersensitivity pneumonitis was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type or recombination-activating gene 1-deficient mice treated perinatally with vancomycin or streptomycin by repeated intranasal administration of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula antigen. Disease severity was assessed by measuring lung inflammation, pathology, cytokine responses, and serum antibodies. Microbial community analyses were performed on stool samples via 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing and correlations between disease severity and specific bacterial taxa were identified. RESULTS Surprisingly, in contrast to our findings in an allergic asthma model, we found that the severity of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was unaffected by vancomycin, but increased dramatically after streptomycin treatment. This likely reflects an effect on the adaptive, rather than innate, immune response because the effects of streptomycin were not observed during the early phases of disease and were abrogated in recombination-activating gene 1-deficient mice. Interestingly, Bacteroidetes dominated the intestinal microbiota of streptomycin-treated animals, while vancomycin promoted the expansion of the Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal antibiotics exert highly selective effects on resident gut flora, which, in turn, lead to very specific alterations in susceptibility to TH2- or TH1/TH17-driven lung inflammatory disease.
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TLR2 regulates neutrophil recruitment and cytokine production with minor contributions from TLR9 during hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73143. [PMID: 24023674 PMCID: PMC3758260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease that develops following repeated exposure to environmental antigens. The disease results in alveolitis, granuloma formation and may progress to a fibrotic chronic form, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The severity of the disease correlates with a neutrophil rich influx and an IL-17 response. We used the Saccharopolysporarectivirgula (SR) model of HP to determine whether Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 9 cooperate in neutrophil recruitment and IL-17-associated cytokine production during the development of HP. Stimulation of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6, MyD88-/- and TLR2/9-/- mice with SR demonstrate that SR is a strong inducer of neutrophil chemokines and growth factors. The cytokines induced by SR were MyD88-dependent and, of those, most were partially or completely dependent on TLRs 2 and 9. Following in vivo exposure to SR, CXCL2 production and neutrophil recruitment were reduced in TLR2-/- and TLR2/9-/- mice suggesting that the response was largely dependent on TLR2; however the reduction was greatest in the TLR2/9-/- double knockout mice indicating TLR9 may also contribute to the response. There was a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 as well as CCL3 and CCL4 in the BALF from TLR2/9-/- mice compared to WT and single knockout (SKO) mice exposed one time to SR. The decrease in neutrophil recruitment and TNFα production in the TLR2/9-/- mice was maintained throughout 3 weeks of SR exposures in comparison to WT and SKO mice. Both TLRs 2 and 9 contributed to the Th17 response; there was a decrease in Th17 cells and IL-17 mRNA in the TLR2/9-/- mice in comparison to the WT and SKO mice. Despite the effects on neutrophil recruitment and the IL-17 response, TLR2/9-/- mice developed granuloma formation similarly to WT and SKO mice suggesting that there are additional mediators and pattern recognition receptors involved in the disease.
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7
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Wang L, Shang N, Feng H, Guo Q, Dai H. Molecular cloning of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) T-bet and GATA-3, and their expression profiles with IFN-γ in response to grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:793-805. [PMID: 23108805 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Both T-bet and GATA-3, Th1/Th2 lineage-specific transcription factors, play important roles in the development of T cells and Th1/Th2 differentiation. In this study, T-bet and GATA-3 genes were cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The putative primary structure of the polypeptide deduced from the cDNA sequence of grass carp T-bet contained 608 aa, which possessed a T-box DNA binding domain. The putative primary structure of the polypeptide deduced from the cDNA sequence of grass carp GATA-3 contained 396 aa, which possessed two consensus zinc finger domains (C-X(2)-C-X(17)-C-X(2)-C). The YxKxHxxxRP motif, KRRLSA and LMEKs/n sequences were also conserved in this GATA-3. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that grass carp T-bet and GATA-3 group with their known counterparts with zebrafish T-bet and GATA-3 as the closest neighbor, respectively. RT-qPCR results showed that grass carp T-bet gene was highly expressed in head kidney, followed by spleen, and low expressed in gill, liver, kidney, and intestine, while GATA-3 gene was highly expressed in intestine, followed by spleen, and low expressed in gill, liver, kidney, and head kidney. Grass carp is one of the "four important domestic fish" in China and often infected by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). As yet, there is no evidence that T-bet and GATA-3 (Th1/Th2 subsets) are involved in anti-virus immune of teleost fish. In this study, by RT-qPCR, we analyzed the expression dynamics of grass carp T-bet and GATA-3 genes with IFN-γ gene in response to GCRV infection for the first time. The expression dynamics showed that three genes might be crucially modulated by in vivo GCRV infection: (1) GCRV mainly induced a T-bet expression profile comparing to the GATA-3 expression, while the higher expression profiles of IFN-γ correlated with the up-regulation of T-bet; (2) T-bet/IFN-γ and GATA-3 expression changes suggest that in GCRV-infected grass carp, the common immune state of head kidney further heightens, whereas the common physiological state of intestine transforms to an anti-virus immune state. From this finding, we realize that GCRV mainly induces a Th1 response, and Th1 cell-mediated recognition mechanisms play very important roles in anti-virus cellular immune of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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8
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Zacharisen MC, Fink JN. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Related Conditions in the Work Environment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2011; 31:769-86, vii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Kiwamoto T, Ishii Y, Morishima Y, Yoh K, Kikuchi N, Haraguchi N, Masuko H, Kawaguchi M, Nomura A, Sakamoto T, Takahashi S, Hizawa N. Blockade of cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptors suppresses airway remodelling in mice overexpressing GATA-3. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:116-28. [PMID: 20636401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We demonstrated previously that GATA-3 overexpression markedly enhanced allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway remodelling, including subepithelial fibrosis, and smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, in transgenic mice. OBJECTIVE Because cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) have been shown to be involved in such structural changes, the effects of a specific cysLT1 receptor antagonist, montelukast, were evaluated in a mouse model of chronic asthma. METHODS GATA-3-overexpressing mice and wild-type Balb/c mice were sensitized and repeatedly challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) or saline. The effects of montelukast on the development of airway remodelling were compared between the two mouse genotypes. RESULTS CysLTs in the lung were increased after repeated allergen challenges, and significantly enhanced in GATA-3-overexpressing mice. The enhanced cysLT levels were accompanied by the development of eosinophilia, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, and increased stromal cell-derived factor-1 gene expression with a small increase in pro-collagen gene expression in OVA-challenged GATA-3-overexpressing mice, but not in wild-type mice. Montelukast significantly decreased lung cysLT levels and inhibited the GATA-3-overexpression-related airway remodelling, potently preventing smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, but partially suppressed the increased pro-collagen gene expression and eosinophilic inflammation. Increases in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin in bronchial lavage and TGF-β gene expression in the lungs were induced by OVA in both mouse genotypes. Montelukast treatment also significantly reduced these levels to the levels seen after saline challenges in GATA-3-overexpressing mice. CONCLUSION Montelukast efficaciously prevented airway inflammation and remodelling in a GATA-3-overexpression antigen challenge mouse model by decreasing the cysLT-driven Th2 cytokine cycle of amplification of airway pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kiwamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Dela Cruz CS, Kang MJ, Cho WK, Lee CG. Transgenic modelling of cytokine polarization in the lung. Immunology 2010; 132:9-17. [PMID: 21091906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is one of the commonest sites of exposure to environmental allergen or pathogen, so the expression of a variety of cytokines in the lung is dynamically regulated by inflammatory or structural cells in the lung. In the last decades, characterization of the local lung cytokine milieu in allergic or injury models has identified a collective role of certain cytokines, such as type 1 or type 2 cytokines, driving polarized inflammatory and tissue phenotypes. With the development of transgenic mouse modelling systems, the effector function of individual cytokine and the pathophysiological consequences of cytokine polarization in the lung have been effectively evaluated. Here, we present an overview of the transgenic systems currently used to assess the biological function of cytokine or other mediators in the lung. We discuss the inflammatory and tissue phenotypes detected in the lungs of transgenic mice over-expressing representative T helper type 1 (interferon-γ, interleukin-12), T helper type 2 (interleukins -4, -5, -9, -10 and -13), and T helper type 17 cytokines. The effects of genetic modification of cytokine receptors or transcriptional factors such as GATA-3 and T-bet in pulmonary inflammation and remodelling tissue responses are also discussed because these transcription factors are regarded as essential regulators of cytokine polarization. Finally, we discuss the limitations and future application of transgenic approaches in the studies of human lung diseases characterized by cytokine polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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11
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Bai A, Lu N, Zeng H, Li Z, Zhou X, Chen J, Liu P, Peng Z, Guo Y. All-trans retinoic acid ameliorates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis by shifting Th1 to Th2 profile. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:399-406. [PMID: 20187766 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2009.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized with uncontrolled immune response in inflamed mucosa, with dominance of Th1 cells. Recently, all-trans retinoic acid has been shown that can lead T-cell response by suppressing Th17 development via retinoic acid receptor (RAR), but it is still unknown whether all-trans retinoic acid can modulate Th1 response of inflammatory bowel disease. In the experiment, we investigated the effect of all-trans retinoic acid on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced murine colitis, and the possible mechanism. Mice were intraperitoneally treated daily with all-trans retinoic acid (the agonist of RAR-alpha) or LE135 (the antagonist of RAR-alpha) or medium, and sacrificed 6 days later. Colon was collected for histological analysis and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity measurement. Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) were isolated, cultured, and assayed for the expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 by the use of Western blot and for cytokine levels by the use of ELISA. All-trans retinoic acid treatment inhibited inflammatory responses as shown by lower histological inflammatory scores and MPO activity, compared with LE135 and medium groups. Furthermore, in LPMCs culture supernatants, the levels of Th1 cytokines (INF-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-alpha) were decreased while those of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were increased significantly in all-trans retinoic acid-treated mice. In addition, T-bet expression in LPMCs was inhibited and GATA-3 expression was up-regulated in all-trans retinoic acidtreated mice. On the contrary, LE135 showed the reverse effects in colon inflammation and cytokine profile. By shifting Th1 to Th2 profile in inflamed mucosa, all-trans retinoic acid down-regulates inflammatory response and ameliorates acute TNBS-induced colitis, which suggests the ligand of RAR-alpha-based pharmaceutical strategies for managing inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People's Republic of China.
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Inflammatory response and dynamics of lung T cell subsets in Th1, Th2 biased and Th2 deficient mice during the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 88:407-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fong DJ, Hogaboam CM, Matsuno Y, Akira S, Uematsu S, Joshi AD. Toll-like receptor 6 drives interleukin-17A expression during experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Immunology 2010; 130:125-36. [PMID: 20070409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a T-cell-driven disease that is histologically characterized by diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrates and loosely formed granulomas in the lungs. We have previously reported that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) contributes to the development of experimental HP, and that the pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) might be a factor in the initiation of this response. Using a well-established murine model of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula-induced HP, we investigated the role of TLR6 in the immunopathogenesis of this disease. In the absence of TLR6 signalling, mice that received multiple challenges with S. rectivirgula-antigen (SR-Ag) had significantly less lung inflammation compared with C57BL/6 mice (wild-type; WT) similarly challenged with SR-Ag. Flow cytometric analysis of whole lung samples from SR-Ag-challenged mice showed that TLR6(-/-) mice had a decreased CD4(+) : CD8(+) T-cell ratio compared with WT mice. Cytokine analysis at various days after the final SR-Ag challenge revealed that whole lungs from TLR6(-/-) mice contained significantly less IL-17A than lungs from WT mice with HP. The IL-17A-driving cytokines IL-21 and IL-23 were also expressed at lower levels in SR-Ag-challenged TLR6(-/-) mice, when compared with SR-Ag-challenged WT mice. Other pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interferon-gamma and RANTES, were also found to be regulated by TLR6 signalling. Anti-TLR6 neutralizing antibody treatment of dispersed lung cells significantly impaired SR-Ag-induced IL-17A and IL-6 generation. Together, these results indicate that TLR6 plays a pivotal role in the development and severity of HP via its role in IL-17A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fong
- Immunology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA
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Joshi AD, Fong DJ, Oak SR, Trujillo G, Flaherty KR, Martinez FJ, Hogaboam CM. Interleukin-17-mediated immunopathogenesis in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:705-16. [PMID: 19151189 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200811-1700oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE T cells play a critical role in the development of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) but little is known about the role of IL-17A in this disease. OBJECTIVES We examined the role of IL-17A in a murine model of S. rectivirgula antigen (SR-Ag)-induced HP. METHODS Experimental HP was induced by oropharyngeal instillation of SR-Ag in wild-type and IL-17 gene-deficient mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SR-Ag-induced murine HP was characterized by increased transcript levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12p35 compared with saline-treated control mice. Furthermore, mice with HP showed increased IL-17 in lung homogenates, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and ex-vivo lung cultures compared with control mice. Flow cytometric analysis of SR-Ag-challenged lungs revealed increased Th17 and CD11c(+) cells. The role of IL-17 in SR-induced HP was examined in IL-17 deficient (IL17(-/-)) and in wild-type (IL-17(+/+)) mice immunodepleted of IL-17. Histological examination of IL17(-/-) mice challenged with SR-Ag revealed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased CD11c(+) cells, and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-12p70, CCL3, and CXCL9 compared with similarly treated IL17(+/+) mice. Anti-IL-17 antibody treatment of IL-17(+/+) mice with HP resulted in reduced inflammation and a lower percentage of CD11c(+) cells compared with IgG-treated IL-17(+/+) mice with HP. CONCLUSIONS SR-Ag-induced IL-17 plays a pivotal role in the immunopathology of HP and targeting IL-17 is an attractive therapeutic option for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita D Joshi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA
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Wells AU, Hogaboam CM. Update in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease 2007. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:580-4. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200801-056up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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