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Abstract
In the past 10 years, there has been tremendous progress made in the field of gene therapy. Effective treatments of Leber congenital amaurosis, hemophilia, and spinal muscular atrophy have been largely based on the efficiency and safety of adeno-associated vectors. Myocardial gene therapy has been tested in patients with heart failure using adeno-associated vectors with no safety concerns but lacking clinical improvements. Cardiac gene therapy is adapting to the new developments in vectors, delivery systems, targets, and clinical end points and is poised for success in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotake Ishikawa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Thomas Weber
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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2
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Schmidt EP, Kuebler WM, Lee WL, Downey GP. Adhesion Molecules: Master Controllers of the Circulatory System. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:945-73. [PMID: 27065171 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript will review our current understanding of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) relevant to the circulatory system, their physiological role in control of vascular homeostasis, innate and adaptive immune responses, and their importance in pathophysiological (disease) processes such as acute lung injury, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary hypertension. This is a complex and rapidly changing area of research that is incompletely understood. By design, we will begin with a brief overview of the structure and classification of the major groups of adhesion molecules and their physiological functions including cellular adhesion and signaling. The role of specific CAMs in the process of platelet aggregation and hemostasis and leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration will be reviewed as examples of the complex and cooperative interplay between CAMs during physiological and pathophysiological processes. The role of the endothelial glycocalyx and the glycobiology of this complex system related to inflammatory states such as sepsis will be reviewed. We will then focus on the role of adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of specific disease processes involving the lungs and cardiovascular system. The potential of targeting adhesion molecules in the treatment of immune and inflammatory diseases will be highlighted in the relevant sections throughout the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Departments of Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Chevalier M, Gilbert G, Roux E, Lory P, Marthan R, Savineau JP, Quignard JF. T-type calcium channels are involved in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:597-606. [PMID: 25016616 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the main disease of pulmonary circulation. Alteration in calcium homeostasis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is recognized as a key feature in PH. The present study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (T-VGCCs) in the control of the pulmonary vascular tone and thereby in the development of PH. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were conducted in animals (rats and mice) kept 3-4 weeks in either normal (normoxic) or hypoxic environment (hypobaric chamber) to induce chronic hypoxia (CH) PH. In vivo, chronic treatment of CH rats with the T-VGCC blocker, TTA-A2, prevented PH and the associated vascular hyperreactivity, pulmonary arterial remodelling, and right cardiac hypertrophy. Deletion of the Cav3.1 gene (a T-VGCC isoform) protected mice from CH-PH. In vitro, patch-clamp and PCR experiments revealed the presence of T-VGCCs (mainly Cav3.1 and Cav3.2) in PASMCs. Mibefradil, NNC550396, and TTA-A2 inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, T-VGCC current, KCl-induced contraction, and PASMC proliferation. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that T-VGCCs contribute to intrapulmonary vascular reactivity and is implicated in the development of hypoxic PH. Specific blockers of T-VGCCs may thus prove useful for the therapeutic management of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045, Bordeaux F-33000, France INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045, Bordeaux F-33000, France INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Roux
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045, Bordeaux F-33000, France INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philipe Lory
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045, Bordeaux F-33000, France INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 1045, Bordeaux, France CHU Bordeaux, Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Savineau
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045, Bordeaux F-33000, France INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Quignard
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045, Bordeaux F-33000, France INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 1045, Bordeaux, France
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Mathai SC, Girgis RE. Pulmonary hypertension topics. Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 6:503-5. [PMID: 23134243 DOI: 10.1586/ers.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, 32nd Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions Prague, Czech Republic, 18-21 April 2012 Interest in pulmonary hypertension (PH) continues to grow within the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). The PH program at the 32nd annual meeting held on 18-21 April 2012 in Prague, Czech Republic, was particularly strong, with 56 accepted abstracts and five symposia dealing with PH and right ventricular function. In this report, we will summarize selected oral abstract presentations dealing with a broad array of topics on PH and right ventricular function. These include original research on registries, prognosis, disease management, clinical trials, novel therapies, echocardiographic assessments and exercise hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Mathai
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, MD, USA
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Pulmonary Hypertension. Pulm Med 2012; 2012:893157. [PMID: 23213519 PMCID: PMC3503436 DOI: 10.1155/2012/893157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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