1
|
Khemani RG, Lee JT, Wu D, Schenck EJ, Hayes MM, Kritek PA, Mutlu GM, Gershengorn HB, Coudroy R. Update in Critical Care 2020. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1088-1098. [PMID: 33734938 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0336up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robinder G Khemani
- Pediatric ICU, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica T Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Wu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edward J Schenck
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Margaret M Hayes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia A Kritek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hayley B Gershengorn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rémi Coudroy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Poitiers, France; and.,Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weaver L, Das A, Saffaran S, Yehya N, Scott TE, Chikhani M, Laffey JG, Hardman JG, Camporota L, Bates DG. High risk of patient self-inflicted lung injury in COVID-19 with frequently encountered spontaneous breathing patterns: a computational modelling study. Ann Intensive Care 2021; 11:109. [PMID: 34255207 PMCID: PMC8276227 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is on-going controversy regarding the potential for increased respiratory effort to generate patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19 acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure. However, direct clinical evidence linking increased inspiratory effort to lung injury is scarce. We adapted a computational simulator of cardiopulmonary pathophysiology to quantify the mechanical forces that could lead to P-SILI at different levels of respiratory effort. In accordance with recent data, the simulator parameters were manually adjusted to generate a population of 10 patients that recapitulate clinical features exhibited by certain COVID-19 patients, i.e., severe hypoxaemia combined with relatively well-preserved lung mechanics, being treated with supplemental oxygen. RESULTS Simulations were conducted at tidal volumes (VT) and respiratory rates (RR) of 7 ml/kg and 14 breaths/min (representing normal respiratory effort) and at VT/RR of 7/20, 7/30, 10/14, 10/20 and 10/30 ml/kg / breaths/min. While oxygenation improved with higher respiratory efforts, significant increases in multiple indicators of the potential for lung injury were observed at all higher VT/RR combinations tested. Pleural pressure swing increased from 12.0 ± 0.3 cmH2O at baseline to 33.8 ± 0.4 cmH2O at VT/RR of 7 ml/kg/30 breaths/min and to 46.2 ± 0.5 cmH2O at 10 ml/kg/30 breaths/min. Transpulmonary pressure swing increased from 4.7 ± 0.1 cmH2O at baseline to 17.9 ± 0.3 cmH2O at VT/RR of 7 ml/kg/30 breaths/min and to 24.2 ± 0.3 cmH2O at 10 ml/kg/30 breaths/min. Total lung strain increased from 0.29 ± 0.006 at baseline to 0.65 ± 0.016 at 10 ml/kg/30 breaths/min. Mechanical power increased from 1.6 ± 0.1 J/min at baseline to 12.9 ± 0.2 J/min at VT/RR of 7 ml/kg/30 breaths/min, and to 24.9 ± 0.3 J/min at 10 ml/kg/30 breaths/min. Driving pressure increased from 7.7 ± 0.2 cmH2O at baseline to 19.6 ± 0.2 cmH2O at VT/RR of 7 ml/kg/30 breaths/min, and to 26.9 ± 0.3 cmH2O at 10 ml/kg/30 breaths/min. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the forces generated by increased inspiratory effort commonly seen in COVID-19 acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure are comparable with those that have been associated with ventilator-induced lung injury during mechanical ventilation. Respiratory efforts in these patients should be carefully monitored and controlled to minimise the risk of lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Weaver
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anup Das
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sina Saffaran
- Faculty of Engineering Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nadir Yehya
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy E Scott
- Academic Department of Military Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Centre, Birmingham, B15 2SQ, UK
| | - Marc Chikhani
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - John G Laffey
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jonathan G Hardman
- Anaesthesia & Critical Care, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Luigi Camporota
- Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Declan G Bates
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gattinoni L, Marini JJ, Camporota L. Reply to Tobin et al.: Respiratory Drive Measurements Do Not Signify Conjectural Patient Self-inflicted Lung Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:143-144. [PMID: 33064951 PMCID: PMC7781132 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202009-3692le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - John J Marini
- Regions Hospital and University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota and
| | | |
Collapse
|