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Richmond BW, Marshall CB, Blackburn JB, Tufenkjian TS, Lehmann BD, Han W, Newcomb D, Gutor SS, Hunt RP, Michell DL, Vickers KC, Polosukhin VV, Blackwell TS, Pietenpol JA. Loss of p73 Expression Contributes to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:153-163. [PMID: 37931077 PMCID: PMC10806417 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0503oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Multiciliated cell (MCC) loss and/or dysfunction is common in the small airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but it is unclear if this contributes to COPD lung pathology. Objectives: To determine if loss of p73 causes a COPD-like phenotype in mice and explore whether smoking or COPD impact p73 expression. Methods: p73floxE7-E9 mice were crossed with Shh-Cre mice to generate mice lacking MCCs in the airway epithelium. The resulting p73Δairway mice were analyzed using electron microscopy, flow cytometry, morphometry, forced oscillation technique, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Furthermore, the effects of cigarette smoke on p73 transcript and protein expression were examined using in vitro and in vivo models and in studies including airway epithelium from smokers and patients with COPD. Measurements and Main Results: Loss of functional p73 in the respiratory epithelium resulted in a near-complete absence of MCCs in p73Δairway mice. In adulthood, these mice spontaneously developed neutrophilic inflammation and emphysema-like lung remodeling and had progressive loss of secretory cells. Exposure of normal airway epithelium cells to cigarette smoke rapidly and durably suppressed p73 expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, tumor protein 73 mRNA expression was reduced in the airways of current smokers (n = 82) compared with former smokers (n = 69), and p73-expressing MCCs were reduced in the small airways of patients with COPD (n = 11) compared with control subjects without COPD (n = 12). Conclusions: Loss of functional p73 in murine airway epithelium results in the absence of MCCs and promotes COPD-like lung pathology. In smokers and patients with COPD, loss of p73 may contribute to MCC loss or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Clayton B. Marshall
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Department of Biochemistry, and
| | - Jessica B. Blackburn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Tiffany S. Tufenkjian
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Brian D. Lehmann
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Dawn Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sergey S. Gutor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Raphael P. Hunt
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Jennifer A. Pietenpol
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Department of Biochemistry, and
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Numata M, Kandasamy P, Voelker DR. The anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:166-186. [PMID: 37144896 PMCID: PMC10524216 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary surfactant system of the lung is a lipid and protein complex, which regulates the biophysical properties of the alveoli to prevent lung collapse and the innate immune system in the lung. Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein complex consisting of 90% phospholipids and 10% protein, by weight. Two minor components of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), exist at very high concentrations in the extracellular alveolar compartments. We have reported that one of the most dominant molecular species of PG, palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) and PI inhibit inflammatory responses induced by multiple toll-like receptors (TLR2/1, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR2/6) by interacting with subsets of multiprotein receptor components. These lipids also exert potent antiviral effects against RSV and influenza A, in vitro, by inhibiting virus binding to host cells. POPG and PI inhibit these viral infections in vivo, in multiple animal models. Especially noteworthy, these lipids markedly attenuate SARS-CoV-2 infection including its variants. These lipids are natural compounds that already exist in the lung and, thus, are less likely to cause adverse immune responses by hosts. Collectively, these data demonstrate that POPG and PI have strong potential as novel therapeutics for applications as anti-inflammatory compounds and preventatives, as treatments for broad ranges of RNA respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Pitchaimani Kandasamy
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Dennis R. Voelker
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
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