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Kumar A, Ahmed T, Parvez MK, Banerjee BD, Maqusood M, Jagirdar RM. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphism and asthma: a case-control study in a pediatric population. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:405-413. [PMID: 35469450 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To carry out a case-control study of the association of GST gene polymorphisms in pediatric asthma-related oxidative stress. Materials & methods: Asthma patients (n = 250) and age-matched healthy subjects (n = 250) DNA were genotyped for GSTM1/GSTT1 (+/+, +/-, -/+ and -/-) frequencies using multiplex-PCR and plasma oxidative stress markers (examined spectrophotometrically). Results: Asthma patients had significantly more common null-genotype GSTM1-/GSTT1- (10.4%; p = 0.002) and elevated levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine as compared with controls. In addition, the level of plasma glutathione, GST activity and ferric-reducing ability were significantly decreased as compared with controls. Conclusion: Our data revealed significant associations between GSTM1-/GSTT1- genotype and oxidative stress markers in asthmatic children, which may very likely contribute to increased incidence of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Tanzeel Ahmed
- School of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Mohammad K Parvez
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Mazher Maqusood
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244001, India
| | - Rajesh M Jagirdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, 41500, Greece
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Kaymak C, Aygun Kocabas N, Aydın N, Oztuna D, Karakaya AE. The Relationship Between Glutathione S-Transferase-P1 and Beta-2 Adrenoreceptor Genotypes with Asthmatic Patients in the Turkish Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:522-8. [PMID: 27385593 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in the activity of enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics can impact health and disease. Beta-2 adrenoreceptor (ADRB2) is a functional G-coupled protein expressed in the vascular endothelium of lungs, alveolar walls, and the ganglions of cholinergic nerves which induces bronchodilation in response to catecholamines. Glutathione S-Transferase-P1 (GSTP1) is a candidate pi class GST gene, which controls pi class glutathione S-transferase activity. AIMS In this study we determined the relationship between the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism and GSTP1 polymorphisms, involved in bronchodilator response and oxidative stress, respectively, with susceptibility to asthma. METHODS In this study, 129 asthmatic patients and 127 healthy control cases were recruited to determine ADRB2 and GSTP1 genotypes by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays, respectively. RESULTS The ADRB2 genotype frequencies of the patients and control cases were found to be 10.9% (Arg16Arg), 48.8% (Arg16Gly), and 40.3% (Gly16Gly) and 24.4% (Arg16Arg), 36.2% (Arg16Gly), and 39.4% (Gly16Gly), respectively. GSTP1 genotype frequencies of patients and control cases were found to be 55% (Ile105Ile), 43.4% (Ile105Val), and 1.6% (Val105Val) and 75.6% (Ile105Ile), 22% (Ile105Val), and 2.4% (Val105Val), respectively. In the case of the GSTP1 gene, we found statistically significant differences in the genotype frequency of Ile105Val and the allele frequency of Val105 in the asthmatic group compared with the controls. Moreover, we observed a relationship between allele frequencies and clinical phenotypes including atopia nocturnal dyspnea, and steroid dependency in the asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism may be linked to the severeness of airway dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetin Kaymak
- 1 Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Ministry of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nesrin Aydın
- 3 Department of Respiratory Disease, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Oztuna
- 4 Department of Medical Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Esat Karakaya
- 2 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara, Turkey
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Lee E, Chang HY, Lee KS, Suh DI, Yu HS, Kang MJ, Choi IA, Park J, Kim KW, Shin YH, Ahn KM, Kwon JY, Choi SJ, Lee KJ, Won HS, Yang SI, Jung YH, Kim HY, Seo JH, Kwon JW, Kim BJ, Kim HB, Lee SY, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Keyes KM, Shin YJ, Hong SJ. The effect of perinatal anxiety on bronchiolitis is influenced by polymorphisms in ROS-related genes. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:154. [PMID: 25263840 PMCID: PMC4196140 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to perinatal anxiety affects disease susceptibility in offspring but studies on the association between perinatal anxiety and gene polymorphisms are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate the interaction between perinatal anxiety and polymorphisms in antioxidant defense and innate immunity genes on the development of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during early infancy. Methods Trait anxiety levels in 440 women were assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory during late gestation. The occurrence of RTIs, including bronchiolitis, during the first year of life was assessed by parent-reported doctor diagnosis. Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase P-1 (GSTP1, rs1695) and CD14 (rs2569190) were genotyped using the TaqMan assay. Copy number variations of GSTT1 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Exposure to high levels of perinatal anxiety increased the risk of bronchiolitis in the first year of life (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.80), in particular among children with the AG + GG genotype of GSTP1 or the GSTT1 null genotype (aOR 3.36 and 2.79). In infants with the TC + CC genotype of CD14, high levels of perinatal anxiety were associated with an increased risk of upper RTI, lower RTI, and bronchiolitis (aOR 2.51, 4.60, and 4.31, respectively). Conclusions Perinatal maternal anxiety levels affect the occurrence of bronchiolitis in offspring. The effect of perinatal anxiety on the occurrence of bronchiolitis during infancy was influenced by genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant defense and innate immunity genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2466-14-154) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yee-Jin Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
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4
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Wang X, Li W, Liu W, Cai B, Cheng T, Gao C, Mo L, Yang H, Chang L. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms as major risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a Chinese Han population. Gene 2014; 533:48-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu J, Hankinson J, Kopec-Harding K, Custovic A, Simpson A. Interaction between glutathione S-transferase variants, maternal smoking and childhood wheezing changes with age. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:501-8. [PMID: 23879774 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking increases the risk of respiratory symptoms in children. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify xenobiotics from tobacco smoke, and functional polymorphism in GST gene(s) could predispose children to the detrimental effects of maternal smoking. Our objective was to investigate interactions between GST variants and maternal smoking in relation to the development of wheezing during childhood and whether any such interaction changes with time. METHODS In a population-based birth cohort, we assessed maternal smoking and current wheeze at five time points during the first 11 yr of life. DNA was genotyped for GSTP1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 (n = 807). Longitudinal analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS During early childhood, children whose mothers smoked were more likely to wheeze, with the strongest association observed at age 3 yr (p = 0.006). In a longitudinal model, children with GSTP1 AA and AG genotypes had significantly higher risk of wheeze compared with GG homozygotes. We observed a significant interaction between GSTP1 and maternal smoking where the risk of infantile wheezing was significantly increased in AA homozygotes, but only if their mothers smoked (OR 2.59, [1.08-6.21], p(int) = 0.03). Furthermore, amongst AA carriers, there was a significant interaction between child's age and maternal smoking, with the effect of maternal smoking on the risk of wheeze significantly diminishing with age (p(int) = 0.05); no such findings were observed for GSTM1 and GSTT1. CONCLUSIONS Children with AA genotype for GSTP1 are at increased risk of early-life wheezing if their mothers smoke, but the effect of maternal smoking on wheezing diminishes with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Wu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Wu W, Peden D, Diaz-Sanchez D. Role of GSTM1 in resistance to lung inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:721-9. [PMID: 22683820 PMCID: PMC3418458 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung inflammation resulting from oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is a common feature of many lung diseases. In particular, the role of enzymes regulated by the NF-E2-related factor 2 transcription factor has recently received increased attention. Among these antioxidant genes, glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) has been most extensively characterized because it has a null polymorphism that is highly prevalent in the population and associated with increased risk of inflammatory lung diseases. Present evidence suggests that GSTM1 acts through interactions with other genes and environmental factors, especially air pollutants. Here, we review GSTM1 gene expression and regulation and summarize the findings from epidemiological, clinical, animal, and in vitro studies on the role played by GSTM1 in lung inflammation. We discuss limitations in the existing knowledge base and future perspectives and evaluate the potential of pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of the GSTM1 gene to modulate pulmonary inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 7599, USA.
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7
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Birbian N, Singh J, Jindal SK, Joshi A, Batra N, Singla N. GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms as major risk factors for asthma in a North Indian population. Lung 2012; 190:505-12. [PMID: 22484660 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the National Family Health Survey, asthma is one of the leading diseases in India. In order to understand the complexity of asthma, the susceptibility genes need to be targeted for their association. Glutathione S-transferases play a major role in the detoxification of metabolites of oxidative stress resulting in inflammation and asthma. In the present study, the hypothesis that GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms are associated with asthma was examined. METHODS This is the first study to investigate the role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms in asthma pathogenesis in a North Indian population. A total of 824 subjects were recruited, of which 410 were asthma patients, including 323 patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. The other 414 recruits were healthy controls from regions of North India. Multiplex PCR was used for genotyping the GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms. RESULTS The GSTT1 null allele was more prevalent in asthma patients (40 %) than in the control subjects (13.3 %), which yielded a nearly fourfold risk towards asthma with odds ratio (OR) (95 % CI) = 4.35 (3.04-6.24), χ(2) = 75.34, and p = 0.000. The GSTM1 polymorphism also revealed a greater prevalence of the GSTM1 null allele in asthma patients (46.6 %) than in controls (39.4 %). Statistical analysis yielded a marginal risk toward asthma with OR (95 % CI) = 1.34 (1.01-1.79), χ(2) = 4.37, and p = 0.036. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms as a result of deletions in the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes confer an increased risk towards asthma thereby suggesting the protective role of these functional genes in the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Birbian
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Hersoug LG, Brasch-Andersen C, Husemoen LLN, Sigsgaard T, Linneberg A. The relationship of glutathione-S-transferases copy number variation and indoor air pollution to symptoms and markers of respiratory disease. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2011; 6:175-85. [PMID: 21651749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2011.00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to particulate matter (PM) may induce inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways. Carriers of null polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which detoxify reactive oxygen species, may be particularly susceptible to the effects of PM. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 modify the potential effects of exposure to indoor sources of PM on symptoms and objective markers of respiratory disease. METHODS We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of 3471 persons aged 18-69 years. Information about exposure to indoor sources of PM and respiratory symptoms was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. In addition, measurements of lung function (spirometry) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were performed. Copy number variation of GSTM1 and GSTT1 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-based assays. RESULTS We found that none of the symptoms and objective markers of respiratory disease were significantly associated with the GST null polymorphisms. An increasing number of positive alleles of the GSTM1 polymorphism tended to be associated lower prevalence of wheeze, cough, and high forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1) ), but these trends were not statistically significant. Furthermore, we did not observe any statistically significant interactions between GST copy number variation and exposure to indoor sources of PM in relation to respiratory symptoms and markers. CONCLUSIONS In this adult population, GST copy number variations were not significantly associated with respiratory outcomes and did not modify the effects of self-reported exposure to indoor sources of PM on respiratory outcomes.
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Ren C, Vokonas PS, Suh H, Fang S, Christiani DC, Schwartz J. Effect modification of air pollution on Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine by genotypes: an application of the multiple testing procedure to identify significant SNP interactions. Environ Health 2010; 9:78. [PMID: 21138591 PMCID: PMC3016327 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-9-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is associated with adverse human health, but mechanisms through which pollution exerts effects remain to be clarified. One suggested pathway is that pollution causes oxidative stress. If so, oxidative stress-related genotypes may modify the oxidative response defenses to pollution exposure. METHODS We explored the potential pathway by examining whether an array of oxidative stress-related genes (twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs in nine genes) modified associations of pollutants (organic carbon (OC), ozone and sulfate) with urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxygunosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative stress among the 320 aging men. We used a Multiple Testing Procedure in R modified by our team to identify the significance of the candidate genes adjusting for a priori covariates. RESULTS We found that glutathione S-tranferase P1 (GSTP1, rs1799811), M1 and catalase (rs2284367) and group-specific component (GC, rs2282679, rs1155563) significantly or marginally significantly modified effects of OC and/or sulfate with larger effects among those carrying the wild type of GSTP1, catalase, non-wild type of GC and the non-null of GSTM1. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms of oxidative stress-related genes modified effects of OC and/or sulfate on 8-OHdG, suggesting that effects of OC or sulfate on 8-OHdG and other endpoints may be through the oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cizao Ren
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health. Boston, MA. USA
| | - Pantel S Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Suh
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health. Boston, MA. USA
| | - Shona Fang
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health. Boston, MA. USA
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Who is affected more by air pollution-sick or healthy? Some evidence from a health survey of schoolchildren living in the vicinity of a coal-fired power plant in Northern Israel. Health Place 2009; 16:399-408. [PMID: 20018550 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of exposure to air pollution by NO(x) and SO(2) on the development of pulmonary function of children, characterized by different health status. METHODS A cohort of 1181 schoolchildren from the 2nd to 5th grades, residing near a major coal-fired power plant in the Hadera district of Israel, were subdivided into three health status groups, according to the diagnosis given by a physician at the beginning of the study period in 1996: (a) healthy children; (b) children experiencing chest symptoms, and (c) children with asthma or spastic bronchitis. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) were performed twice (in 1996 and 1999) and analyzed in conjunction with air pollution estimates at the children's places of residence and several potential confounders-height, age, gender, parental education, passive smoking, housing density, length of residence in the study area and proximity to the main road. RESULTS A significant negative association was found between changes in PFT results and individual exposure estimates to air pollution, controlled for socio-demographic characteristics of children and their living conditions. A sensitivity analysis revealed a decrease in the Forced Expiratory Volume during the First Second (FEV(1)) of about 19.6% for children with chest symptoms, 11.8% for healthy children, and approximately 7.9% for children diagnosed with asthma. Results of a sensitivity test for the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) were found to be similar. CONCLUSION Exposure to air pollution appeared to have had the greatest effect on children with chest symptoms. This phenomenon may be explained by the fact that this untreated symptomatic group might experience the most severe insult on their respiratory system as a result of exposure to ambient air pollution, which is reflected by a considerable reduction in their FEV(1) and FVC. Since asthmatic children have lower baseline and slower growth rates, their PFT change may be affected less by exposure to air pollution, reflecting a well known relationship between pulmonary function change and height growth, according to which age-specific height is very similar for preadolescent children, but shifts upward with age during the growth spurt.
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Soto-Martinez M, Sly PD. Review Series: What goes around, comes around: childhood influences on later lung health?: Relationship between environmental exposures in children and adult lung disease: The case for outdoor exposures. Chron Respir Dis 2009; 7:173-86. [DOI: 10.1177/1479972309345929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing understanding that chronic respiratory diseases in adults have their origins in early life. Adverse environmental exposures occurring in vulnerable periods during lung growth and development in the fetal period and in early childhood that alter lung structure and limit the growth in lung function may have lifelong consequences. Evidence is increasing that exposure to the ambient environment, including air pollutants, persistent toxic substances, water pollutants and respiratory viral infections, can inhibit lung function growth and predispose to chronic non-malignant lung diseases. These exposures generally interact with a genetic predisposition, and gene—environment interactions and epigenetic phenomena are attracting considerable study. An understanding of how ambient exposures impact on normal lung growth and development will aid in understanding of how chronic respiratory diseases of adults develop and may lead to new preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter D Sly
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Australia, , WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Children's Environmental Health, Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia, School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Australia
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Wenten M, Li YF, Lin PC, Gauderman WJ, Berhane K, Avol E, Gilliland FD. In utero smoke exposure, glutathione S-transferase P1 haplotypes, and respiratory illness-related absence among schoolchildren. Pediatrics 2009; 123:1344-51. [PMID: 19403501 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GSTP1 Ile105Val variant and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure have been independently associated with acute respiratory illness; however, susceptibility to in utero and secondhand tobacco smoke has yet to be examined in relation to variation across the GSTP1 locus. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to determine whether variation across the GSTP1 locus is associated with respiratory illness-related school absences and to determine whether this relationship varies by in utero and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure. METHODS Tobacco smoke exposure status, incident respiratory-related school absence records, and DNA samples was ascertained for 1132 Hispanic and non-Hispanic white elementary school children as part of the Children's Health Study. RESULTS Four GSTP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected that accounted for 93% of the variation across the locus. Individual single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses showed a protective effect for the minor alleles in single-nucleotide polymorphisms 1 (rs6591255), 3 (GSTP1 Ile105Val: rs1695), and 4 (rs749174) for respiratory illness. The haplotype, which includes a minor allele for single-nucleotide polymorphisms 1, 3, and 4 (h1011), was associated with a decreased risk of respiratory illness. The protective effect of GSTP1 variants was lost among individuals exposed to in utero and secondhand tobacco smoke. CONCLUSIONS A common GSTP1 haplotype, which includes the functional Ile105Val polymorphism, was associated with respiratory-related school absences. The protection afforded by this haplotype was lost in children exposed to involuntary tobacco smoke. The paradigm of loss of genetic protection among those exposed to tobacco smoke has clinical and public health implications that warrant broader consideration in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madé Wenten
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Schroer KT, Biagini Myers JM, Ryan PH, LeMasters GK, Bernstein DI, Villareal M, Lockey JE, Reponen T, Grinshpun S, Khurana Hershey GK. Associations between multiple environmental exposures and Glutathione S-Transferase P1 on persistent wheezing in a birth cohort. J Pediatr 2009; 154:401-8, 408.e1. [PMID: 18950799 PMCID: PMC2783998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of environmental exposures (diesel exhaust particle [DEP], environmental tobacco smoke [ETS], and mold) that may contribute to oxidative stress on persistent wheezing in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS) birth cohort and to determine how the impact of these exposures is modified by the GST-P1 Ile105Val polymorphism. STUDY DESIGN A land-use regression model was used to derive an estimate of each child's DEP exposure. ETS exposure was determined by questionnaire data. Each child's home was evaluated for visible mold by a trained professional. Children in the CCAAPS cohort were genotyped for the GST-P1 polymorphism (n = 570). Persistent wheezing was defined as wheezing at both 12 and 24 months. RESULTS High DEP exposure conferred increased risk for wheezing phenotypes but only among the Val(105) allele carriers. Infants with multiple exposures were significantly more likely to persistently wheeze despite their genotype. CONCLUSION There is evidence for an environmental effect of DEP among carriers of the GST-P1 Val(105) allele in the development of persistent wheezing in children. The protective effect of the GST-P1 Ile(105) genotype may be overwhelmed by multiple environmental exposures that converge on oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy T. Schroer
- Institute for Personalized and Predictive Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jocelyn M. Biagini Myers
- Institute for Personalized and Predictive Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Patrick H. Ryan
- Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | | | - James E. Lockey
- Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Institute for Personalized and Predictive Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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Melén E, Nyberg F, Lindgren CM, Berglind N, Zucchelli M, Nordling E, Hallberg J, Svartengren M, Morgenstern R, Kere J, Bellander T, Wickman M, Pershagen G. Interactions between glutathione S-transferase P1, tumor necrosis factor, and traffic-related air pollution for development of childhood allergic disease. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:1077-84. [PMID: 18709160 PMCID: PMC2516580 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants may induce airway inflammation and sensitization due to generation of reactive oxygen species. The genetic background to these mechanisms could be important effect modifiers. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to assess interactions between exposure to air pollution and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) genes for development of childhood allergic disease. METHODS In a birth cohort originally of 4,089 children, we assessed air pollution from local traffic using nitrogen oxides (traffic NO(x)) as an indicator based on emission databases and dispersion modeling and estimated individual exposure through geocoding of home addresses. We measured peak expiratory flow rates and specific IgE for inhalant and food allergens at 4 years of age, and selected children with asthma symptoms up to 4 years of age (n = 542) and controls (n = 542) for genotyping. RESULTS Interaction effects on allergic sensitization were indicated between several GSTP1 SNPs and traffic NO(x) exposure during the first year of life (p(nominal) < 0.001-0.06). Children with Ile105Val/Val105Val genotypes were at increased risk of sensitization to any allergen when exposed to elevated levels of traffic NO(x) (for a difference between the 5th and 95th percentile of exposure: odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-5.3). In children with TNF-308 GA/AA genotypes, the GSTP1-NO(x) interaction effect was even more pronounced. We observed no conclusive interaction effects for ADRB2. CONCLUSION The effect of air pollution from traffic on childhood allergy appears to be modified by GSTP1 and TNF variants, supporting a role of genes controlling the antioxidative system and inflammatory response in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Islam T, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Ozone, oxidant defense genes, and risk of asthma during adolescence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 177:388-95. [PMID: 18048809 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200706-863oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although oxidative stress is a cardinal feature of asthma, the roles of oxidant air pollutants and antioxidant genes heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1), catalase (CAT), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MNSOD) in asthma pathogenesis have yet to be determined. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that the functional polymorphisms of HMOX-1 ([GT](n) repeat), CAT (-262C>T -844C>T), and MNSOD (Ala-9Val) are associated with new-onset asthma, and the effects of these variants vary by exposure to ozone, a potent oxidant air pollutant. METHODS We assessed this hypothesis in a population-based cohort of non-Hispanic (n = 1,125) and Hispanic white (n = 586) children who resided in 12 California communities and who were followed annually for 8 years to ascertain new-onset asthma. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Air pollutants were continuously measured in each of the study communities during the 8 years of study follow-up. HMOX-1 "short" alleles (<23 repeats) were associated with a reduced risk for new-onset asthma among non-Hispanic whites (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.99). This protective effect was largest in children residing in low-ozone communities (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25-0.91) (interaction P value = 0.003). Little evidence for an association with HMOX-1 was observed among Hispanic children. In contrast, Hispanic children with a variant of the CAT-262 "T" allele (CT or TT) had an increased risk for asthma (HR, 1.78; P value = 0.01). The effects of these polymorphisms were not modified by personal smoking or secondhand-smoke exposure. CONCLUSIONS Functional promoter variants in CAT and HMOX-1 showed ethnicity-specific associations with new-onset asthma. Oxidant gene protection was restricted to children living in low-ozone communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Islam
- M.D. Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 1540 Alcazar Street, CHP 236, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Lenney W, Fryer AA. The genetics of asthma ? are the glutathione S-transferases serious players? Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1124-6. [PMID: 17651140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/genetics
- ADAM Proteins/immunology
- ADAM Proteins/metabolism
- Animals
- Asthma/enzymology
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/immunology
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human/immunology
- Chromosomes, Human/metabolism
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Genetic Linkage/genetics
- Genetic Linkage/immunology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glutathione S-Transferase pi/genetics
- Glutathione S-Transferase pi/immunology
- Glutathione S-Transferase pi/metabolism
- Humans
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, IgE/genetics
- Receptors, IgE/immunology
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
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17
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Mak JCW, Ho SP, Leung HCM, Cheung AHK, Law BKW, So LKY, Chan JWM, Chau CH, Lam WK, Ip MSM, Chan-Yeung M. Relationship between glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms and enzyme activity in Hong Kong Chinese asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1150-7. [PMID: 17651144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a disease associated with oxidative stress. The glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a group of enzymes that protect cells from oxidative stress. Functional genetic polymorphisms of GST genes (GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1) have previously been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of GST gene polymorphisms and its enzyme activity with the risk of asthma in Hong Kong Chinese adults. METHODS An age- and smoking status-matched case-control study was carried out on 315 patients with asthma and 315 healthy controls. Genotyping was carried out on genomic DNA using the PCR and/or restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma GST activity was measured by fluorometric assay. RESULTS The distribution of various genotypes or alleles of the GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 was not significantly different between patients with asthma and healthy controls. The GSTM1 null genotype was found to be protective from the development of asthma in atopic subjects (odds ratios 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.90; P=0.017). However, there was no association between GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes and enzyme activity. GSTP1 codon 105 Val variants led to reduced plasma GST activity in healthy controls. Asthma patients had elevated plasma GST activity compared with healthy controls irrespective of their genotypes (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that among atopic subjects, the GSTM1 null genotype is associated with a decreased risk for asthma despite increased level of plasma GST activity in asthma, but it could not distinguish whether this increase is a potentially protective compensatory effect or a pathogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C W Mak
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Chen C, Arjomandi M, Tager I, Holland N, Balmes J. Effects of antioxidant enzyme polymorphisms on ozone-induced lung function changes. Eur Respir J 2007; 30:677-83. [PMID: 17652311 PMCID: PMC3282174 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00160806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ozone (O(3)) can cause changes in lung function that may reflect remodelling of small airways. It is likely that antioxidant enzyme function affects susceptibility to O(3). The aim of the present study was to determine whether polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme (GSTM1, GSTP1 and NQO1) genes affect the risk of lung function changes related to chronic exposure to O(3). In total, 210 young adults who participated in a previous study, which showed a relationship between lifetime exposure to O(3) and decreased lung function, were genotyped. Multivariable linear regression was used to model sex-specific associations between genotypes and O(3)-related lung function changes, adjusting for height, weight, lifetime exposure to nitrogen dioxide and particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mum, and self-identified race/ethnicity. The GSTM1-null/NQO1 Pro187Pro-combination genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of an O(3)-related decrease in mean forced expiratory flow between 25-75% of forced vital capacity in females (parameter estimate+/-se -75+/-35 mL.s(-1)), while the GSTP1 Val105 variant genotypes were significantly associated with greater risk of an O(3)-related decrease in mean forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity in males (-81+/-31 mL.s(-1)). GSTM1-null status was not significantly associated with any O(3)-related changes in lung function in either sex. The current authors conclude that the effects of antioxidant enzyme gene polymorphisms on the risk of decreased lung function related to chronic exposure to ozone may be modified by sex-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Chen
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - M. Arjomandi
- Lung Biology Center, Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I.B. Tager
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - N. Holland
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - J.R. Balmes
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
- Lung Biology Center, Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lee YL, Lee YC, Guo YL. Associations of glutathione S-transferase P1, M1, and environmental tobacco smoke with wheezing illness in school children. Allergy 2007; 62:641-7. [PMID: 17508968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase (GST) were associated with asthma-related phenotypes. We hypothesized that the GSTP1 and GSTM1 genotypes could modify the effects of household environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on childhood wheezing illness. METHODS We conducted a case-control study comprised of 216 lifetime wheezing children and 185 nonwheezing controls, all of whom were selected from 2524 fourth- to ninth-grade school children in southern Taiwan. RESULTS Homozygous GSTP1 Ile-105 was significantly associated with current wheezing (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.04-3.12), but insignificantly associated with ever wheezing (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 0.82-1.94). The risks of ever or current wheezing on GSTM1 null genotype were positive but not statistically significant. Although household ETS exposure was not associated with wheezing illness, after excluding subjects having in utero ETS or active smoking habits, the adverse effects of household ETS exposure differed significantly by GSTP1-105 genotypes. In children without any ETS exposure at home, GSTP1 Ile-105 homozygosity was significantly related to increased risks for both ever wheezing (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.17-4.49) and current wheezing (OR = 4.86, 95% CI 1.86-12.70). In children with household ETS exposure, the risks of wheezing illness did not increase for those carrying two GSTP1 Ile-105 alleles. Children carrying any GSTP1 Val-105 allele were at a significantly greater risk of both ever and current wheezing when exposed to ETS, with a clear dose-response relationship to the number of smokers at home. CONCLUSION Household ETS exposure is a modifiable cause of wheezing illness in a genetically susceptible subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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20
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Lee YL, Hsiue TR, Lee YC, Lin YC, Guo YL. The association between glutathione S-transferase P1, M1 polymorphisms and asthma in Taiwanese schoolchildren. Chest 2005; 128:1156-62. [PMID: 16162701 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.3.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Genetic polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase P1 gene (GSTP1) and the glutathione S-transferase M1 gene (GSTM1) have been implicated as risk factors for asthma. However, their roles in asthma pathogenesis and the interaction between these two genes have not been extensively investigated. This study, therefore, examined the relationship among GSTP1 and GSTM1 genotypes and childhood asthma, and evaluated their gene-gene interactions. SETTING The population from three southern Taiwan communities of a 2001 national survey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two hundred sixty-six fourth-grade to ninth-grade schoolchildren were recruited for oral mucosa samplings based on questionnaire information. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays were performed to determine GSTP1 and GSTM1 genotypes among asthmatic subjects and nonasthmatic control subjects. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS All of the participants were homozygous at the GSTP1 Ala-114 locus. After controlling for age, sex, and atopic eczema, compared with participants carrying any Val-105 allele, children who were homozygotic for GSTP1 Ile-105 had a significantly increased risk of physician-diagnosed asthma (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 3.59). A positive risk for childhood asthma was also noted on the GSTM1 null genotype but did not reach statistical significance (adjOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.80 to 2.38). Among children with GSTM1 present genotypes, GSTP1-105 polymorphisms were associated with the increased risk of asthma. However, the reduced and statistically insignificant asthma risk was observed among those with GSTM1 null genotype. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that GSTP1-105 was a predictor for childhood asthma, whereas GSTM1 polymorphism might modify the risk. Our study also suggested a competitive effect for homozygous GSTP1 Ile-105 and GSTM1 null genotypes on childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ling Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 138 Sheng-Li Rd, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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21
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Wenten M, Berhane K, Rappaport EB, Avol E, Tsai WW, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Dubeau L, Gilliland FD. TNF-308 modifies the effect of second-hand smoke on respiratory illness-related school absences. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:1563-8. [PMID: 16166621 PMCID: PMC2718456 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200503-490oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has been associated with increased risk of respiratory illness in children including respiratory illness-related school absences. The role of genetic susceptibility in risk for adverse effects from SHS has not been extensively investigated in children. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) G-308A genotype influences the risk for respiratory illness-related school absences associated with SHS exposure. METHODS Incident school absences were collected, using an active surveillance system, between January and June 1996, as part of the Air Pollution and Absence Study, a prospective cohort study nested in the Children's Health Study. Buccal cells and absence reports were collected on 1,351 students from 27 elementary schools in California. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Illness-related school absences were classified as nonrespiratory and respiratory illness-related, which were further categorized into upper or lower respiratory illness-related absences based on symptoms. The effect of SHS exposure on respiratory illness-related absences differed by TNF genotype (p interaction, 0.02). In children possessing at least one copy of the TNF-308 A variant, exposure to two or more household smokers was associated with a twofold risk of a school absence due to respiratory illness (relative risk, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.34, 3.40) and a fourfold risk of lower respiratory illness-related school absence (relative risk, 4.15; 95% confidence interval, 2.57, 6.71) compared with unexposed children homozygous for the common TNF-308 G allele. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a subgroup of genetically susceptible children are at substantially greater risk of respiratory illness if exposed to SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madé Wenten
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1540 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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22
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Abstract
It is generally agreed that many lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have polygenic inheritance, and that the association of a specific genotype or genotypes with the disease is likely to vary between populations. Furthermore, it is recognized that the etiology of many lung diseases involves a complex interplay between genetic background and exposure to multiple environmental stimuli, and understanding the mechanisms through which genes and environment interact represents a major challenge for pulmonary researchers. We discuss experimental approaches and challenges that must be overcome to identify disease genes for asthma, COPD and chronic bronchitis, and occupational lung diseases. In particular, common polymorphisms in CD14, glutathione S-transferase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha have been found to be important in gene-environment interaction and asthma pathogenesis. An understanding of gene-environment interactions in complex lung diseases is essential to the development of new strategies for lung disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Kleeberger
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Environmental Genetics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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23
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Benson M, Jansson L, Adner M, Luts A, Uddman R, Cardell LO. Gene profiling reveals decreased expression of uteroglobin and other anti-inflammatory genes in nasal fluid cells from patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:473-8. [PMID: 15836756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) results from interactions between a large number of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Little is known about anti-inflammatory mediators in IAR. DNA microarrays allow simultaneous analysis of the whole transcriptome in a sample. OBJECTIVE To identify anti-inflammatory transcripts in nasal fluid cells from patients with IAR during season and from healthy controls. METHODS Nasal lavage fluids were obtained from 15 patients with symptomatic birch/and or grass pollen-induced IAR and 28 healthy controls. RNA was extracted from the nasal fluid cells and pooled into one patient- and one control pool. These were analysed with DNA microarrays containing more than 44,927 genes and variants. RESULTS Seventeen thousand three hundred and fifty three genes were expressed in the controls and 17 928 in the patients. One thousand five hundred and seventy nine of the genes had higher expression in patients than in controls, and 1570 had lower expression in patients. Out of 189 up-regulated inflammatory genes, 187 were pro-inflammatory and two were anti-inflammatory. These genes regulated key steps of inflammation, ranging from influx of leukocytes to immunoglobulin production. By comparison, out of 49 down-regulated inflammatory genes, 36 were pro-inflammatory and 13 were anti-inflammatory. The anti-inflammatory gene that decreased most in expression in the patients was uteroglobin (also known as Clara Cell protein 16, CC16). The nasal fluid concentrations of uteroglobin protein were significantly lower in patients than in controls, 5.43+/-1.53 and 12.93+/-2.53 ng/mL, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION IAR is associated with decreased expression of uteroglobin and other anti-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benson
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Allergy Research, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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24
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Abstract
Asthma is a complex genetic disorder. Significant progress has been made in identifying genes that convey risk of development and expression of the asthma phenotype. This review critically examines the approaches that have been used, the successes achieved and the difficulties that have been encountered. The multi-factorial nature of the disease and the complex interplay of the various risk factors with one another have highlighted the importance of adequate power and study design in pinpointing genes of real interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Carroll
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Newcastle, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, UK.
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25
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Carroll WD, Lenney W, Child F, Strange RC, Jones PW, Fryer AA. Maternal glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 genotype is a specific predictor of phenotype in children with asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16:32-9. [PMID: 15693909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal factors are known to influence the heritability and expression of asthma and atopy. We report the association of maternal, paternal and proband GSTP1 genotype with lung function in 145 Caucasian children with asthma. GSTP1 Val105/Val105 and Ala114/Val114 genotypes in the child were associated with non-significant increases in lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC ratio). Paternal genotype had no influence on lung function in the child. In contrast, maternal GSTP1 Val105/Val105 genotype was significantly associated with offspring lung function and was strongly predictive of FEV1/FVC (Val105/Val105 105.2%, Ile105/Val105 and Ile105/Ile105 97.9% p=0.006) and maternal GSTP1 Ala114/Val114 genotype was associated with significantly higher FEV1 (Ala114/Val114 109.0%, Ala114/Ala114 99.0% p=0.008), and FEV1/FVC ratios (Ala114/Val114 104.1%, Ala114/Ala114 98.2% p=0.04). The associations between maternal GSTP1 Val105/Val105 genotype and FEV1/FVC and maternal GSTP1 Ala114/Val114 genotype and FEV1 remained significant (p=0.003 and p=0.007) after correction for child and maternal atopic status, passive smoke exposure, smoking during pregnancy, individual and paternal GSTP1 genotype and was independent of transmission to the child. These data support the hypothesis that maternal GSTP1 genotype can act as a specific risk factor which has ex utero consequences for children with asthma. As a child's genotype is not independent of maternal genotype, effects seen in candidate gene studies may be due at least in part to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Carroll
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, The University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
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26
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Chan-Yeung M, Tan-Un KC, Ip MSM, Tsang KWT, Ho SP, Ho JCM, Chan H, Lam WK. Lung cancer susceptibility and polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase genes in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer 2004; 45:155-60. [PMID: 15246186 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2003] [Revised: 01/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the potential role of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferases GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in susceptibility to lung cancer in Hong Kong Chinese. METHODS 229 consecutive incident patients with a histological diagnosis of lung cancer from a regional hospital and 197 healthy population-based controls were recruited for this study between July 1999 and June 2001. Genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were determined using PCR-based technique. RESULTS The frequencies of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were 51.8 and 59.4% in healthy controls and 63 and 54.7%, respectively, in lung cancer patients. GSTP1 Val105/Val105 genotype was found in only 1% of healthy controls. The risk for lung cancer with GSTT1 null genotype was significantly higher, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-2.56, compared with those with the GSTT1 genotype; the increase in risk was found only in non-smokers. GSTM1 null genotype, combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype and GSTP1 Val105/Val105 genotype did not confer any increase risk for lung cancer. CONCLUSION GSTT1 null genotype is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer in non-smoking Chinese in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Chan-Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
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27
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Gilliland FD, Li YF, Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. Effect of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and P1 genotypes on xenobiotic enhancement of allergic responses: randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Lancet 2004; 363:119-25. [PMID: 14726165 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate pollution is associated with the occurrence of asthma and allergy. The model pollutant, diesel exhaust particles, can participate with allergens in starting and exacerbating allergic airway diseases in part by production of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) can metabolise reactive oxygen species and detoxify xenobiotics present in diesel exhaust particles. We tested the hypothesis that null genotypes for GSTM1 and GSTT1, and GSTP1 codon 105 variants (I105 and V105) are key regulators of the adjuvant effects of diesel exhaust particles on allergic responses. METHODS Patients sensitive to the ragweed allergen were challenged intranasally with allergen alone and with allergen plus diesel exhaust particles in a randomised order at separate visits. Nasal allergen-specific IgE, histamine, interleukin 4, and interferon gamma concentrations were measured before and 24 h after challenge. FINDINGS Individuals with GSTM1 null or the GSTP1 I105 wildtype genotypes showed enhanced nasal allergic responses in the presence of diesel exhaust particles. Compared with patients with a functional GSTM1 genotype, GSTM1 null patients had a significantly larger increase in IgE (median 102.5 U/mL [range 1.0-510.5] vs 45.5 U/mL [1.5-60.6], p=0.03) and histamine (14.0 nmol/L [-0.2-24.7] vs 7.4 nmol/L [1.2-12.3], p=0.02) after diesel exhaust particles plus allergen challenge. The I105 GSTP1 genotype was associated with an increase in IgE (120.3 U/mL [6.7-510.5] vs 27.7 U/mL [-1.5-60.6], p=0.03) and histamine (13.8 nmol/L [3.1-24.7] vs 5.2 nmol/L [-0.2-19.6], p=0.01) after challenge with diesel exhaust particles and allergens. The diesel exhaust particles enhancement was largest in patients with both the GSTM1 null and GSTP1 I/I genotypes. INTERPRETATION GSTM1 and GSTP1 modify the adjuvant effect of diesel exhaust particles on allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Kelly
- Lung Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, King's College, London, UK
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29
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Manar MH, Brown MR, Gauthier TW, Brown LAS. Association of glutathione-S-transferase-P1 (GST-P1) polymorphisms with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Perinatol 2004; 24:30-5. [PMID: 14726935 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to oxidative lung injury. The glutathione-S-transferases (GST) family and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEPHx) enzymes detoxify ROS, and genetic polymorphisms alter this detoxification. We hypothesized that polymorphisms encoding for less efficient enzymes were associated with bronchopulmonary dysphasia (BPD). STUDY DESIGN We determined allelic distribution of these polymorphisms in a pilot study of 35 BPD cases and 98 controls. chi2 and regression analysis were performed. RESULTS GST P1 val105ile distribution differed between the groups, with the more efficient val/val allele predominantly in controls (p< or =0.05). When controlling for race and sex, BPD cases were less likely to be homozygotes for the val/val isoform (OR 0.21, CI: 0.045-0.95, p=0.04) and more likely to possess the less efficient ile isoform (OR 4.5, CI: 1.0-20.7, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests that BPD is associated with the presence of the GST-P1 105ile allele. Future prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha H Manar
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Künzli N, McConnell R, Bates D, Bastain T, Hricko A, Lurmann F, Avol E, Gilliland F, Peters J. Breathless in Los Angeles: the exhausting search for clean air. Am J Public Health 2003; 93:1494-9. [PMID: 12948969 PMCID: PMC1447999 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.93.9.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Population growth and the proliferation of roadways in Southern California have facilitated a glut of mobile air pollution sources (cars and trucks), resulting in substantial atmospheric pollution. Despite successful efforts over the past 40 years to reduce pollution, an alarming set of health effects attributable to air pollution have been described in Southern California. The Children's Health Study indicates that reduced lung function growth, increased school absences, asthma exacerbation, and new-onset asthma are occurring at current levels of air pollution, with sizable economic consequences. We describe these findings and urge a more aggressive effort to reduce air pollution exposures to protect our children's health. Lessons from this "case study" have national implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Künzli
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, CHP 236, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Tobin MJ. Pediatrics, surfactant, and cystic fibrosis in AJRCCM 2002. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167:333-44. [PMID: 12554622 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2212005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Tobin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA.
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