1
|
Conley HE, Sheats MK. Targeting Neutrophil β 2-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods. Biomolecules 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371473 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β2-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology. In order to limit neutrophil-mediated damage, investigators have focused on β2-integrins as potential therapeutic targets, but so far these strategies have failed in clinical trials. As the field continues to move forward, a better understanding of β2-integrin function and signaling will aid the design of future therapeutics. Here, we provide a detailed review of resources, tools, experimental methods, and in vivo models that have been and will continue to be utilized to investigate the vitally important cell surface receptors, neutrophil β2-integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E Conley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brannon ER, Kelley WJ, Newstead MW, Banka AL, Uhrich KE, O’Connor CE, Standiford TJ, Eniola-Adefeso O. Polysalicylic Acid Polymer Microparticle Decoys Therapeutically Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101534. [PMID: 34881524 PMCID: PMC8986552 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain problematic due to high mortality rates and lack of effective treatments. Neutrophilic injury contributes to mortality in ALI/ARDS. Here, technology for rapid ARDS intervention is developed and evaluated, where intravenous salicylic acid-based polymer microparticles, i.e., Poly-Aspirin (Poly-A), interfere with neutrophils in blood, reducing lung neutrophil infiltration and injury in vivo in mouse models of ALI/ARDS. Importantly, Poly-A particles reduce multiple inflammatory cytokines in the airway and bacterial load in the bloodstream in a live bacteria lung infection model of ARDS, drastically improving survival. It is observed that phagocytosis of the Poly-A microparticles, with salicylic acid in the polymer backbone, alters the neutrophil surface expression of adhesion molecules, potentially contributing to their added therapeutic benefits. Given the proven safety profile of the microparticle degradation products-salicylic acid and adipic acid-it is anticipated that the Poly-A particles represent a therapeutic strategy in ARDS with a rare opportunity for rapid clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Brannon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - William J. Kelley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Alison L. Banka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | | | | | - Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Experimental Approaches to Evaluate Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions in Sepsis and Inflammation. Shock 2021; 53:585-595. [PMID: 32080065 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection characterized by excessive neutrophil infiltration into vital organs. In sepsis, patients often die of organ failure and therapies directed against endothelial cell dysfunction and tissue damage are important targets for treatment of this disease. Novel approaches are required to understand the underlying pathophysiology of neutrophil dysregulation and neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions that play a critical role in the early course of organ damage and disruption of endothelial protective barrier. Here, we review methodologies that our laboratories have employed to study neutrophil-endothelial interaction and endothelial barrier function in in vivo and in vitro models of sepsis. We will focus on in vivo rodent models of sepsis and in vitro tools that use human cell culture models under static conditions and the more physiologically relevant biomimetic microfluidic assays. This Methods paper is based on our presentation in the Master Class Symposium at the 41st Annual Conference on Shock 2018.
Collapse
|
4
|
Soroush F, Tang Y, Mustafa O, Sun S, Yang Q, Kilpatrick LE, Kiani MF. Neutrophil-endothelial interactions of murine cells is not a good predictor of their interactions in human cells. FASEB J 2019; 34:2691-2702. [PMID: 31908006 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900048r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
All drugs recently developed in rodent models to treat inflammatory disease have failed in clinical trials. We therefore used our novel biomimetic microfluidic assay (bMFA) to determine whether the response of murine cells to inflammatory activation or anti-inflammatory treatment is predictive of the response in human cells. Under physiologically relevant flow conditions, permeability and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of human or mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC or MLMVEC), and neutrophil-endothelial cell interaction was measured. The differential impact of a protein kinase C-delta TAT peptide inhibitor (PKCδ-i) was also quantified. Permeability of HLMVEC and MLMVEC was similar under control conditions but tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and PKCδ-i had a significantly higher impact on permeability of HLMVEC. TEER across HLMVEC was significantly higher than MLMVEC, but PKCδ-i returned TEER to background levels only in human cells. The kinetics of N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-mediated neutrophil migration was significantly different between the two species and PKCδ-i was significantly more effective in attenuating human neutrophil migration. However, human and mouse neutrophil adhesion patterns to microvascular endothelium were not significantly different. Surprisingly, while intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was significantly upregulated on activated HLMVEC, it was not significantly upregulated on activated MLMVEC. Responses to activation and anti-inflammatory treatment in mice may not always be predictive of their response in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Soroush
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Omar Mustafa
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuang Sun
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qingliang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad F Kiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hook JS, Cao M, Potera RM, Alsmadi NZ, Schmidtke DW, Moreland JG. Nox2 Regulates Platelet Activation and NET Formation in the Lung. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1472. [PMID: 31338092 PMCID: PMC6626916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of patients with critical illness has decreased significantly over the past two decades, but the rate of decline has slowed recently, with organ dysfunction as a major driver of morbidity and mortality. Among patients with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), acute lung injury is a common component with serious morbidity. Previous studies in our laboratory using a murine model of SIRS demonstrated a key role for NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-derived reactive oxygen species in the resolution of inflammation. Nox2-deficient (gp91phox−/y) mice develop profound lung injury secondary to SIRS and fail to resolve inflammation. Alveolar macrophages from gp91phox−/y mice express greater levels of chemotactic and pro-inflammatory factors at baseline providing evidence that Nox2 in alveolar macrophages is critical for homeostasis. Based on the lung pathology with increased thrombosis in gp91phox−/y mice, and the known role of platelets in the inflammatory process, we hypothesized that Nox2 represses platelet activation. In the mouse model, we found that platelet-derived chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) and CXCL7 were increased in the bronchoalveolar fluid of gp91phox−/y mice at baseline and 24 h post intraperitoneal zymosan-induced SIRS consistent with platelet activation. Activated platelets interact with leukocytes via P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). Within 2 h of SIRS induction, alveolar neutrophil PSGL-1 expression was higher in gp91phox−/y mice. Platelet-neutrophil interactions were decreased in the peripheral blood of gp91phox−/y mice consistent with movement of activated platelets to the lung of mice lacking Nox2. Based on the severe lung pathology and the role of platelets in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), we evaluated NET production. In contrast to previous studies demonstrating Nox2-dependent NET formation, staining of lung sections from mice 24 h post zymosan injection revealed a large number of citrullinated histone 3 (H3CIT) and myeloperoxidase positive cells consistent with NET formation in gp91phox−/y mice that was virtually absent in WT mice. In addition, H3CIT protein expression and PAD4 activity were higher in the lung of gp91phox−/y mice post SIRS induction. These results suggest that Nox2 plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating platelet activation and NET formation in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mou Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Renee M Potera
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nesreen Z Alsmadi
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chung SY, Kim J, Bae HB, Tin TD, Ju W, Kwak SH. The Effects of Flecainide Acetate on Inflammatory-Immune Response in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Neutrophils and on Mortality in Septic Rats. Acute Crit Care 2018; 33:34-41. [PMID: 31723857 PMCID: PMC6849005 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2017.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flecainide acetate is a drug used primarily for cardiac arrhythmia. Some studies also imply that flecainide acetate has the potential to regulate inflammatory-immune responses; however, its mechanism of action is contended. We determined the effects of flecainide acetate on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils in vitro and on mortality in a septic rat model. Methods Neutrophils from human blood were cultured with varying concentrations of flecainide acetate (1 μM, 10 μM, or 100 μM) with or without LPS (100 ng/ml). To assess neutrophil activation, the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were measured after a 4-hour culture period. To assess the intracellular signaling pathways, the levels of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were measured after a 30-minute culture period, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was measured after a 1-hour culture period. Additionally, the survival rate was investigated in a rat sepsis model. Results Flecainide acetate down-regulated the activation of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6 and IL-8, and intracellular signaling pathways including ERK 1/2 and NF-κB. Flecainide acetate also improved the survival rate in the rat sepsis model. Conclusions Collectively, these findings indicate that flecainide acetate can improve survival in a rat sepsis model by attenuating LPS-induced neutrophil responses. We therefore suggest that flecainide acetate plays an important role in modulating inflammatory-immune responses.
Collapse
|
7
|
Aulakh GK. Neutrophils in the lung: “the first responders”. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:577-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
8
|
Yipp BG, Kim JH, Lima R, Zbytnuik LD, Petri B, Swanlund N, Ho M, Szeto VG, Tak T, Koenderman L, Pickkers P, Tool ATJ, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg TK, Looney MR, Krummel MF, Kubes P. The Lung is a Host Defense Niche for Immediate Neutrophil-Mediated Vascular Protection. Sci Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28626833 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream infection is a hallmark of sepsis, a medically emergent condition requiring rapid treatment. However, upregulation of host defense proteins through toll-like receptors and NFκB requires hours after endotoxin detection. Using confocal pulmonary intravital microscopy, we identified that the lung provides a TLR4-Myd88-and abl tyrosine kinase-dependent niche for immediate CD11b-dependent neutrophil responses to endotoxin and Gram-negative bloodstream pathogens. In an in vivo model of bacteremia, neutrophils crawled to and rapidly phagocytosed Escherichia coli sequestered to the lung endothelium. Therefore, the lung capillaries provide a vascular defensive niche whereby endothelium and neutrophils cooperate for immediate detection and capture of disseminating pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan G Yipp
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ronald Lima
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lori D Zbytnuik
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Björn Petri
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nick Swanlund
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - May Ho
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian G Szeto
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tamar Tak
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark R Looney
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSW512, California 94143-0511, USA
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW512, San Francisco, California 94143-0511, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tilgner J, von Trotha KT, Gombert A, Jacobs MJ, Drechsler M, Döring Y, Soehnlein O, Grommes J. Aspirin, but Not Tirofiban Displays Protective Effects in Endotoxin Induced Lung Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161218. [PMID: 27583400 PMCID: PMC5008681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) remains an unsolved problem in intensive care medicine. Recruitment of neutrophils into the lungs, regarded as a key mechanism in progression of ALI, depends on signaling between neutrophils and platelets. Consequently we explored the effect of platelet-targeted aspirin and tirofiban treatment in endotoxin induced acute lung injury Methods C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to aerosolized LPS (500μg/ml) for 30min and treated with Aspirin (100μg/g bodyweight via intraperitoneal injection, 30 min before or 1 hour after LPS inhalation) or Tirofiban (0.5μg/ g bodyweight via tail vein injection 30 min before or 1 hour after LPS inhalation). The count of alveolar, interstitial, and intravascular neutrophils was assessed 4h later by flow cytometry. Lung permeability changes were assessed by FITC-dextran clearance and protein content in the BAL fluid. Results Aspirin both before and after LPS inhalation reduced neutrophil influx into the lung and lung permeability indicating the protective role of Aspirin in ALI. Tirofiban, however, did not alter neutrophil recruitment after LPS inhalation. Release of platelet-derived chemokines CCL5 and PF4 and neutrophil extracellular traps was reduced by Aspirin but not by Tirofiban. Conclusion Aspirin, but not Tirofiban reduces neutrophil recruitment and displays protective effects during endotoxin induced lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tilgner
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Rhenish Westphalian Technical University Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Klaus Thilo von Trotha
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Rhenish Westphalian Technical University Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Gombert
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Rhenish Westphalian Technical University Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Michael J. Jacobs
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Rhenish Westphalian Technical University Aachen, Aachen Germany
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maik Drechsler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximillian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximillian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximillian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Grommes
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Rhenish Westphalian Technical University Aachen, Aachen Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximillian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. Among inflammatory cells, neutrophils represent the major cell population accumulating in the airways of CF patients. While neutrophils provide the first defensive cellular shield against bacterial and fungal pathogens, in chronic disease conditions such as CF these short-lived immune cells release their toxic granule contents that cause tissue remodeling and irreversible structural damage to the host. A variety of human and murine studies have analyzed neutrophils and their products in the context of CF, yet their precise functional role and therapeutic potential remain controversial and incompletely understood. Here, we summarize the current evidence in this field to shed light on the complex and multi-faceted role of neutrophils in CF lung disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Soroush F, Zhang T, King DJ, Tang Y, Deosarkar S, Prabhakarpandian B, Kilpatrick LE, Kiani MF. A novel microfluidic assay reveals a key role for protein kinase C δ in regulating human neutrophil-endothelium interaction. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1027-1035. [PMID: 27190303 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0216-087r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key step in neutrophil-mediated tissue damage is the migration of activated neutrophils across the vascular endothelium. Previously, we identified protein kinase C δ as a critical regulator of neutrophil migration in sepsis but did not identify specific steps in migration. In this study, we used our novel biomimetic microfluidic assay to delineate systematically the mechanism by which protein kinase C δ regulates individual steps in human neutrophil-endothelial interaction during inflammation. The biomimetic microfluidic assay includes a network of vascular channels, produced from in vivo images connected to a tissue compartment through a porous barrier. HUVECs cultured in vascular channels formed a complete lumen under physiologic shear flow. HUVECs were pretreated with TNF-α ± a protein kinase C δ inhibitor, and the tissue compartment was filled with a chemoattractant (fMLP or IL-8). Under physiologic shear flow, the role of protein kinase C δ on spatial and temporal neutrophil adherence/migration was quantified. Protein kinase C δ inhibition significantly reduced neutrophil adhesion in response to fMLP and IL-8 only under low shear rate and near bifurcations. Protein kinase C δ inhibition also decreased adherence to nonactivated HUVECs in response to fMLP or IL-8. Protein kinase C δ inhibition reduced neutrophil migration into the tissue compartment in response to fMLP and to a lesser degree, to IL-8. Antibody-coated microparticles demonstrated that protein kinase C δ inhibition down-regulated E-selectin and ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 expression. With the use of a physiologically relevant in vitro model system, we demonstrate that protein kinase C δ plays an important role in the regulation of neutrophil adherence/migration during inflammation and identifies key steps regulated by protein kinase C δ in neutrophil-endothelial interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Soroush
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devon J King
- Department of Physiology and Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sudhir Deosarkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Department of Physiology and Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohammad F Kiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
RhoA determines disease progression by controlling neutrophil motility and restricting hyperresponsiveness. Blood 2014; 123:3635-45. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-557843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Rho-deficient neutrophils are hyperresponsive. RhoA acts predominantly as a negative regulator of chemotaxis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tulathromycin exerts proresolving effects in bovine neutrophils by inhibiting phospholipases and altering leukotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, and lipoxin A4 production. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4298-307. [PMID: 24820086 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02813-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of neutrophils and proinflammatory mediators, such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4), is a classic marker of inflammatory disease. The clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, inhibition of proinflammatory signaling, and production of proresolving lipids (including lipoxins, such as lipoxin A4 [LXA4]) are imperative for resolving inflammation. Tulathromycin (TUL), a macrolide used to treat bovine respiratory disease, confers immunomodulatory benefits via mechanisms that remain unclear. We recently reported the anti-inflammatory properties of TUL in bovine phagocytes in vitro and in Mannheimia haemolytica-challenged calves. The findings demonstrated that this system offers a powerful model for investigating novel mechanisms of pharmacological immunomodulation. In the present study, we examined the effects of TUL in a nonbacterial model of pulmonary inflammation in vivo and characterized its effects on lipid signaling. In bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from calves challenged with zymosan particles (50 mg), treatment with TUL (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) significantly reduced pulmonary levels of LTB4 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulated bovine neutrophils, TUL inhibited phospholipase D (PLD), cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, and the release of LTB4. In contrast, TUL promoted the secretion of LXA4 in resting and A23187-stimulated neutrophils, while levels of its precursor, 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HETE], were significantly lower. These findings indicate that TUL directly modulates lipid signaling by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory eicosanoids and promoting the production of proresolving lipoxins.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mondrinos MJ, Zhang T, Sun S, Kennedy PA, King DJ, Wolfson MR, Knight LC, Scalia R, Kilpatrick LE. Pulmonary endothelial protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) regulates neutrophil migration in acute lung inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:200-13. [PMID: 24211111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil migration across the pulmonary endothelium into the lung and release of oxidants and proteases are key elements in pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Previously, we identified protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) as an important regulator of proinflammatory signaling in human neutrophils and demonstrated that intratracheal instillation of a TAT-conjugated PKCδ inhibitory peptide (PKCδ-TAT) is lung protective in a rat model of sepsis-induced indirect pulmonary injury (cecal ligation and puncture). In the present study, intratracheal instillation of this PKCδ inhibitor resulted in peptide distribution throughout the lung parenchyma and pulmonary endothelium and decreased neutrophil influx, with concomitant attenuation of sepsis-induced endothelial ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in this model. To further delineate the role of PKCδ in regulating neutrophil migration, we used an in vitro transmigration model with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). Consistent with in vivo findings, inhibition of PMVEC PKCδ decreased IL-1β-mediated neutrophil transmigration. PKCδ regulation was stimulus-dependent; PKCδ was required for transmigration mediated by IL-1β and fMLP (integrin-dependent), but not IL-8 (integrin-independent). PKCδ was essential for IL-1β-mediated neutrophil adherence and NF-κB-dependent expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In PMVECs, IL-1β-mediated production of ROS and activation of redox-sensitive NF-κB were PKCδ dependent, suggesting an upstream signaling role. Thus, PKCδ has an important role in regulating neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions and recruitment to the inflamed lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Mondrinos
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shuang Sun
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul A Kennedy
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devon J King
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marla R Wolfson
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linda C Knight
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leonard A, Marando C, Rahman A, Fazal F. Thrombin selectively engages LIM kinase 1 and slingshot-1L phosphatase to regulate NF-κB activation and endothelial cell inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L651-64. [PMID: 24039253 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00071.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) inflammation is a central event in the pathogenesis of many pulmonary diseases such as acute lung injury and its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome. Alterations in actin cytoskeleton are shown to be crucial for NF-κB regulation and EC inflammation. Previously, we have described a role of actin binding protein cofilin in mediating cytoskeletal alterations essential for NF-κB activation and EC inflammation. The present study describes a dynamic mechanism in which LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1), a cofilin kinase, and slingshot-1Long (SSH-1L), a cofilin phosphatase, are engaged by procoagulant and proinflammatory mediator thrombin to regulate these responses. Our data show that knockdown of LIMK1 destabilizes whereas knockdown of SSH-1L stabilizes the actin filaments through modulation of cofilin phosphorylation; however, in either case thrombin-induced NF-κB activity and expression of its target genes (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) is inhibited. Further mechanistic analyses reveal that knockdown of LIMK1 or SSH-1L each attenuates nuclear translocation and thereby DNA binding of RelA/p65. In addition, LIMK1 or SSH-1L depletion inhibited RelA/p65 phosphorylation at Ser(536), a critical event conferring transcriptional competency to the bound NF-κB. However, unlike SSH-1L, LIMK1 knockdown also impairs the release of RelA/p65 by blocking IKKβ-dependent phosphorylation/degradation of IκBα. Interestingly, LIMK1 or SSH-1L depletion failed to inhibit TNF-α-induced RelA/p65 nuclear translocation and proinflammatory gene expression. Thus this study provides evidence for a novel role of LIMK1 and SSH-1L in selectively regulating EC inflammation associated with intravascular coagulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Leonard
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, Univ. of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Ave./Box 850, Rochester, NY.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Henriques-Normark B, Tuomanen EI. The pneumococcus: epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:3/7/a010215. [PMID: 23818515 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pneumococcus is the classic Gram-positive extracellular pathogen. The medical burden of diseases it causes is amongst the greatest in the world. Intense study for more than 100 years has yielded an understanding of fundamental aspects of its physiology, pathogenesis, and immunity. Efforts to control infection have led to the deployment of polysaccharide vaccines and an understanding of antibiotic resistance. The inflammatory response to pneumococci, one of the most potent in medicine, has revealed the double-edged sword of clearance of infection but at a cost of damage to host cells. In virtually every aspect of the infectious process, the pneumococcus has set the rules of the Gram-positive pathogenesis game.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hyejin J, Mei L, Seongheon L, Cheolwon J, Seokjai K, Hongbeom B, Minsun K, Sungsu C, Sanghyun K. Remifentanil attenuates human neutrophils activation induced by lipopolysaccharide. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:264-71. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.767346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
18
|
Janardhan KS, Charavaryamath C, Aulakh GK, Singh B. Integrin β3 is not critical for neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 348:177-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
Grommes J, Alard JE, Drechsler M, Wantha S, Mörgelin M, Kuebler WM, Jacobs M, von Hundelshausen P, Markart P, Wygrecka M, Preissner KT, Hackeng TM, Koenen RR, Weber C, Soehnlein O. Disruption of platelet-derived chemokine heteromers prevents neutrophil extravasation in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:628-36. [PMID: 22246174 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201108-1533oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute lung injury (ALI) causes high mortality, but its molecular mechanisms and therapeutic options remain ill-defined. Gram-negative bacterial infections are the main cause of ALI, leading to lung neutrophil infiltration, permeability increases, deterioration of gas exchange, and lung damage. Platelets are activated during ALI, but insights into their mechanistic contribution to neutrophil accumulation in the lung are elusive. OBJECTIVES To determine mechanisms of platelet-mediated neutrophil recruitment in ALI. METHODS Interference with platelet-neutrophil interactions using antagonists to P-selectin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa or a small peptide antagonist disrupting platelet chemokine heteromer formation in mouse models of ALI. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In a murine model of LPS-induced ALI, we uncover important roles for neutrophils and platelets in permeability changes and subsequent lung damage. Furthermore, platelet depletion abrogated lung neutrophil infiltration, suggesting a sequential participation of platelets and neutrophils. Whereas antagonists to P-selectin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa had no effects on LPS-mediated ALI, antibodies to the platelet-derived chemokines CCL5 and CXCL4 strongly diminished neutrophil eflux and permeability changes. The two chemokines were found to form heteromers in human and murine ALI samples, positively correlating with leukocyte influx into the lung. Disruption of CCL5-CXCL4 heteromers in LPS-, acid-, and sepsis-induced ALI abolished lung edema, neutrophil infiltration, and tissue damage, thereby revealing a causal contribution. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data identify a novel function of platelet-derived chemokine heteromers during ALI and demonstrate means for therapeutic interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Grommes
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei-Kang G, Dong-Liang Z, Xin-Xin W, Wei K, Zhang Y, Qi-Dong Z, Wen-Hu L. Actin cytoskeleton modulates ADMA-induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:BR242-7. [PMID: 21873936 PMCID: PMC3560524 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, increases the activity of NF-κB (NF-κB) and then induces the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). However, the mechanisms regulating ADMA-induced NF-κB activation are unknown. This study investigated the function of actin cytoskeleton for ADMA-induced NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. MATERIAL/METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured and left untreated or challenged for 24 h with 100 µM ADMA in the absence and presence of 5 µM cytochalasin D (Cyt D), or 1 µM Jasplakinolide (Jas). The form of actin cytoskeleton, the translocation of NF-κB, NF-κB DNA binding activity, and the expression of ICAM-1 were determined. RESULTS ADMA increased the formation of stress fiber in endothelial cells, and Cyt D clearly induced destabilization of the actin filaments. Either stabilizing or destabilizing the actin cytoskeleton prevented ADMA-induced NF-κB activation. It also showed that the inhibition of NF-κB activity was due to the impaired NF-κB nuclear translocation. Further, stabilizing or destabilizing the actin cytoskeleton inhibited the expression of the NF-κB target protein, ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS Actin cytoskeleton may be engaged in modulated ADMA-induced NF-κB activation and thereby ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wei-Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perl M, Lomas-Neira J, Venet F, Chung CS, Ayala A. Pathogenesis of indirect (secondary) acute lung injury. Expert Rev Respir Med 2011; 5:115-26. [PMID: 21348592 DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At present, therapeutic interventions to treat acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain largely limited to lung-protective strategies, as no real molecular-pathophysiologic-driven therapeutic intervention has yet become available. This is in part the result of the heterogeneous nature of the etiological processes that contribute to the state of ALI/ARDS. This article sets out to understand the development of ALI resulting from indirect pulmonary insults, such as extrapulmonary sepsis and trauma, shock, burn injury or mass transfusion, as opposed to direct pulmonary challenges, such as pneumonia, aspiration or lung contusion. Here, we consider not only the experimental and clinical data concerning the roles of various immune (neutrophil, macrophage, lymphocyte and dendritic) as well as nonimmune (epithelial and endothelial) cells in orchestrating the development of ALI resulting from indirect pulmonary stimuli, but also how these cell populations might be targeted therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Perl
- Department of Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Cystic Fibrosis Neutrophil: A Specialized Yet Potentially Defective Cell. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:97-112. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
23
|
Fung YL, Silliman CC. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfus Med Rev 2009; 23:266-83. [PMID: 19765516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the major cause of transfusion related morbidity and mortality, world wide. Efforts to reduce or eliminate this serious complication of blood transfusion are hampered by an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Currently, TRALI is thought to be mediated by donor alloantibodies directed against host leukocytes or the result of 2 distinct clinical events. For both proposed mechanisms, the neutrophil is the key effector cell. This article reviews TRALI pathophysiology, explores the role of the neutrophil, details practical information for appropriate diagnosis and promotes further studies into the pathogenesis of TRALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Lin Fung
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Valois CRA, Braz JM, Nunes ES, Vinolo MAR, Lima ECD, Curi R, Kuebler WM, Azevedo RB. The effect of DMSA-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles on transendothelial migration of monocytes in the murine lung via a beta2 integrin-dependent pathway. Biomaterials 2009; 31:366-74. [PMID: 19822361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles surface-functionalized with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (MNPs-DMSA) constitute an innovative and promising approach for tissue- and cell-targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs in the lung. Transendothelial migration of leukocytes in the lung is a side effect of endovenous administration of MNPs-DMSA. Using cytologic and phenotypic analysis of murine bronchoalveolar lavage cells, we identified monocytes/macrophages as the main subpopulation of leukocytes involved in this process. Moreover, ultrastructural analysis revealed the presence of nanoparticles inside of numerous macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage. MNPs-DMSA at concentrations as high as 1 x 10(15) nanoparticles/mL had no toxic effects on macrophages, as evidenced by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Notably, MNPs-DMSA up-regulated the mRNA expression of E-, L- and P-selectin and macrophage-1 antigen in the murine lung. Upregulation of these cell adhesion molecules was associated with an increased concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lung. Finally, the critical relevance of the beta(2) integrin-dependent pathway in leukocyte transmigration elicited by MNPs-DMSA was demonstrated by use of knockout mice. Our results characterize mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory effects of MNPs-DMSA in the lung, and identify beta(2) integrin-targeted interventions as promising strategies to reduce pulmonary side effects of MNPs-DMSA during biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R A Valois
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fazal F, Bijli KM, Minhajuddin M, Rein T, Finkelstein JN, Rahman A. Essential role of cofilin-1 in regulating thrombin-induced RelA/p65 nuclear translocation and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:21047-56. [PMID: 19483084 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.016444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway and the associated changes in actin cytoskeleton induced by thrombin are crucial for activation of NF-kappaB and expression of its target gene ICAM-1 in endothelial cells. However, the events acting downstream of RhoA/ROCK to mediate these responses remain unclear. Here, we show a central role of cofilin-1, an actin-binding protein that promotes actin depolymerization, in linking RhoA/ROCK pathway to dynamic alterations in actin cytoskeleton that are necessary for activation of NF-kappaB and thereby expression of ICAM-1 in these cells. Stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with thrombin resulted in Ser(3) phosphorylation/inactivation of cofilin and formation of actin stress fibers in a ROCK-dependent manner. RNA interference knockdown of cofilin-1 stabilized the actin filaments and inhibited thrombin- and RhoA-induced NF-kappaB activity. Similarly, constitutively inactive mutant of cofilin-1 (Cof1-S3D), known to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton, inhibited NF-kappaB activity by thrombin. Overexpression of wild type cofilin-1 or constitutively active cofilin-1 mutant (Cof1-S3A), known to destabilize the actin cytoskeleton, also impaired thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activity. Additionally, depletion of cofilin-1 was associated with a marked reduction in ICAM-1 expression induced by thrombin. The effect of cofilin-1 depletion on NF-kappaB activity and ICAM-1 expression occurred downstream of IkappaBalpha degradation and was a result of impaired RelA/p65 nuclear translocation and consequently, RelA/p65 binding to DNA. Together, these data show that cofilin-1 occupies a central position in RhoA-actin pathway mediating nuclear translocation of RelA/p65 and expression of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
van Zoelen MAD, Florquin S, de Beer R, Pater JM, Verstege MI, Meijers JCM, van der Poll T. Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-deficient mice demonstrate reduced hyperoxia-induced lung injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:2182-9. [PMID: 19435793 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with respiratory failure often require supplemental oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. Although both supportive measures are necessary to guarantee adequate oxygen uptake, they can also cause or worsen lung inflammation and injury. Hyperoxia-induced lung injury is characterized by neutrophil infiltration into the lungs. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has been deemed important for leukocyte trafficking. To determine the expression and function of neutrophil uPAR during hyperoxia-induced lung injury, uPAR expression was determined on pulmonary neutrophils of mice exposed to hyperoxia. Hyperoxia exposure (O2>80%) for 4 days elicited a pulmonary inflammatory response as reflected by a profound rise in the number of neutrophils that were recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung cell suspensions, as well as increased bronchoalveolar keratinocyte-derived chemokine, interleukin-6, total protein, and alkaline phosphatase levels. In addition, hyperoxia induced the migration of uPAR-positive granulocytes into lungs from wild-type mice compared with healthy control mice (exposed to room air). uPAR deficiency was associated with diminished neutrophil influx into both lung tissues and bronchoalveolar spaces, which was accompanied by a strong reduction in lung injury. Furthermore, in uPAR(-/-) mice, activation of coagulation was diminished. These data suggest that uPAR plays a detrimental role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury and that uPAR deficiency is associated with diminished neutrophil influx into both lung tissues and bronchoalveolar spaces, accompanied by decreased pulmonary injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke A D van Zoelen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), G2-130, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Recombinant human activated protein C inhibits integrin-mediated neutrophil migration. Blood 2009; 113:4078-85. [PMID: 19244161 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-09-180968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell migration is central to many biologic and pathologic processes. During inflammation, tissue injury results from excessive infiltration and sequestration of activated leukocytes. Recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) has been shown to protect patients with severe sepsis, although the mechanism underlying this protective effect remains unclear. Here, we show that rhAPC directly binds to beta(1) and beta(3) integrins and inhibits neutrophil migration, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that human APC possesses an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, which is critical for the inhibition. Mutation of this sequence abolished both integrin binding and inhibition of neutrophil migration. In addition, treatment of septic mice with a RGD peptide recapitulated the beneficial effects of rhAPC on survival. Thus, we conclude that leukocyte integrins are novel cellular receptors for rhAPC and the interaction decreases neutrophil recruitment into tissues, providing a potential mechanism by which rhAPC may protect against sepsis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang J, Dai Y, Xia YF, Huang WZ, Wang ZT. Alpinia katsumadai Hayata prevents mouse sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture through promoting bacterial clearance and downregulating systemic inflammation. Phytother Res 2009; 23:267-73. [PMID: 18844287 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis continues to be a challenge in clinic. Therapeutic strategies focus on local host defenses and the inhibition of overwhelming inflammation response. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata seeds (EAKH) on polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. It was shown that oral administration of EAKH at 1 h before and 2 h after CLP significantly elevated the survival rate and the mean arterial pressure of mice. Histological examination and serum ALT/AST assessment demonstrated that EAKH protected the animals from lung and liver tissue injury and dysfunction. Although EAKH was devoid of direct bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal activities, it facilitated peritoneal bacteria clearance and increased leukocyte migration into peritoneal cavity of septic mice. Furthermore, EAKH remarkably decreased serum pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and NO) levels in septic mice. These findings demonstrated that EAKH has preventive effects on mouse sepsis induced by CLP, which may be attributed to elevating local defense via promoting leukocyte migration to infection focus and attenuating systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Minhajuddin M, Bijli KM, Fazal F, Sassano A, Nakayama KI, Hay N, Platanias LC, Rahman A. Protein kinase C-delta and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activate mammalian target of rapamycin to modulate NF-kappaB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:4052-61. [PMID: 19074768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805032200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) down-regulates thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB. However, the mechanisms by which mTOR is activated to modulate these responses remain to be addressed. Here, we show that thrombin engages protein kinase C (PKC)-delta and phosphattidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways to activate mTOR and thereby dampens NF-kappaB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. Stimulation of human vascular endothelial cells with thrombin induced the phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream target p70 S6 kinase in a PKC-delta- and PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. Consistent with this, thrombin-induced phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase was defective in embryonic fibroblasts from mice with targeted disruption of PKC-delta (Pkc-delta(-)(/)(-)), p85alpha and p85beta subunits of the PI3K (p85alpha(-)(/)(-)beta(-)(/)(-)), or Akt1 and Akt2 (Akt1(-)(/)(-)2(-)(/)(-)). Furthermore, we observed that expression of the constitutively active form of PKC-delta or Akt was sufficient to induce NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression, and that co-expression of mTOR suppressed these responses. In reciprocal experiments, inhibition/depletion of mTOR augmented NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression induced by PKC-delta or Akt. In control experiments, increasing or impairing mTOR signaling by the above approaches produced similar effects on NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression induced by thrombin. Thus, these data reveal an important role of PKC-delta and PI3K/Akt pathways in activating mTOR as an endogenous modulator to ensure a tight regulation of NF-kappaB signaling of ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Minhajuddin
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Perl M, Lomas-Neira J, Chung CS, Ayala A. Epithelial cell apoptosis and neutrophil recruitment in acute lung injury-a unifying hypothesis? What we have learned from small interfering RNAs. Mol Med 2008; 14:465-75. [PMID: 18368145 PMCID: PMC2274893 DOI: 10.2119/2008-00011.perl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of protective ventilatory strategies, Acute Lung Injury (ALI) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality. One reason for the lack of therapeutic options might be that ALI is a co-morbid event associated with a diverse family of diseases and, thus, may be the result of distinct pathological processes. Among them, activated neutrophil- (PMN-) induced tissue injury and epithelial cell apoptosis mediated lung damage represent two potentially important candidate pathomechanisms that have been put forward. Several approaches have been undertaken to test these hypotheses, with substantial success in the treatment of experimental forms of ALI. With this in mind, we will summarize these two current hypotheses of ALI briefly, emphasizing the role of apoptosis in regulating PMN and/or lung epithelial cell responses. In addition, the contribution that Fas-mediated inflammation may play as a potential biological link between lung cell apoptosis and PMN recruitment will be considered, as well as the in vivo application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a novel approach to the inhibition of ALI and its therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Perl
- Department of Traumatology, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bijli KM, Fazal F, Minhajuddin M, Rahman A. Activation of Syk by protein kinase C-delta regulates thrombin-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells via tyrosine phosphorylation of RelA/p65. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:14674-84. [PMID: 18362147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802094200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) plays a pivotal role in mediating thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. However, the downstream mechanisms mediating its function are unclear. In this study, we show that PKC-delta-mediated activation of protein-tyrosine kinase Syk plays an important role in thrombin signaling of NF-kappaB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. Stimulation of human vascular endothelial cells with thrombin resulted in a time-dependent phosphorylation of Syk on tyrosine 525 and 526, an indication of Syk activation. Inhibition of PKC-delta by pharmacological and genetic approaches prevented Syk activation by thrombin. These results place Syk downstream of PKC-delta in transmitting thrombin-activated signaling in endothelial cells. Consistent with this, thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activity and ICAM-1 expression were prevented by the expression of a kinase-defective mutant or RNA interference knockdown of Syk. Similarly, inhibiting Syk also impaired NF-kappaB activity and ICAM-1 expression induced by a constitutively active mutant of PKC-delta. Analysis of the NF-kappaB pathway showed that Syk contributes to thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activation by controlling its transactivation potential and that this response is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of RelA/p65. Thus, these data unveil a novel pathway in which Syk signals downstream of PKC-delta to mediate thrombin induced ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells by increasing transcriptional capacity of NF-kappaB via a mechanism that relies on tyrosine phosphorylation of RelA/p65.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The emigration of leucocytes into the tissue as a crucial step in the response to inflammatory signals has been acknowledged for more than 100 years. The endothelium does not only represent a mechanical barrier between blood and tissue, the circulatory system also connects different organ systems with each other, thus allowing the communication between remote systems. Leukocytes can function as messengers and messages at the same time. Failure or dysregulation of leucocyte-endothelial communication can severely affect the integrity of the organism. The interaction between leucocytes and the vascular endothelium has been recognised as an attractive target for the therapy of numerous disorders and diseases, including excessive inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases, both associated with enormous consequences for patients and the health care system. There is promising evidence that the success rate of such treatments will increase as the understanding of the molecular mechanisms keeps improving. This chapter reviews the current knowledge about leucocyte-endothelial interaction. It will also display examples of both physiological and dysregulated leucocyte-endothelial interactions and identify potential therapeutical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia Health System, 415 Lane Road, MR5 Building, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li X, Kovacs EJ, Schwacha MG, Chaudry IH, Choudhry MA. Acute alcohol intoxication increases interleukin-18-mediated neutrophil infiltration and lung inflammation following burn injury in rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 292:L1193-201. [PMID: 17220368 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00408.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether IL-18 plays a role in lung inflammation following alcohol (EtOH) and burn injury. Male rats (∼250 g) were gavaged with EtOH to achieve a blood EtOH level of ∼100 mg/dl before burn or sham injury (∼12.5% total body surface area). Immediately after injury, rats were treated with vehicle, caspase-1 inhibitor AC-YVAD-CHO to block IL-18 production or with IL-18 neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies. In another group, rats were treated with anti-neutrophil antiserum ∼16 h before injury to deplete neutrophils. On day 1 after injury, lung tissue IL-18, neutrophil chemokines (CINC-1/CINC-3), ICAM-1, neutrophil infiltration, MPO activity, and water content (i.e., edema) were significantly increased in rats receiving a combined insult of EtOH and burn injury compared with rats receiving either EtOH intoxication or burn injury alone. Treatment of rats with caspase-1 inhibitor prevented the increase in lung tissue IL-18, CINC-1, CINC-3, ICAM-1, MPO activity, and edema following EtOH and burn injury. The increase in lung IL-18, MPO, and edema was also prevented in rats treated with anti-IL-18 antibodies. Furthermore, administration of anti-neutrophil antiserum also attenuated the increase in lung MPO activity and edema, but did not prevent the increase in IL-18 levels following EtOH and burn injury. These findings suggest that acute EtOH intoxication before burn injury upregulates IL-18, which in turn contributes to increased neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, the presence of neutrophils appears to be critical for IL-18-meditaed increased lung tissue edema following a combined insult of EtOH and burn injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Palmqvist C, Wardlaw AJ, Bradding P. Chemokines and their receptors as potential targets for the treatment of asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:725-36. [PMID: 17471178 PMCID: PMC2014125 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic and sometimes fatal disease, which affects people of all ages throughout the world. Important hallmarks of asthma are airway inflammation and remodelling, with associated bronchial hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow obstruction. These features are orchestrated by cells of both the innate (eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells) and the adaptive (T(H)2 T cells) immune system, in concert with structural airway cells. Chemokines are important for the recruitment of both immune and structural cells to the lung, and also for their microlocalisation within the lung tissue. Specific blockade of the responses elicited by chemokines and chemokine receptors responsible for the pathological migration of airway cells could therefore be of great therapeutic interest for the treatment of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Palmqvist
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital Leicester, UK
| | - A J Wardlaw
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital Leicester, UK
| | - P Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital Leicester, UK
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bijli KM, Minhajuddin M, Fazal F, O'Reilly MA, Platanias LC, Rahman A. c-Src interacts with and phosphorylates RelA/p65 to promote thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 292:L396-404. [PMID: 17012367 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00163.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The procoagulant thrombin promotes polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to endothelial cells by a mechanism involving expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. We now provide evidence that activation of c-Src is crucial in signaling thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression via tyrosine phosphorylation of RelA/p65. Stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with thrombin resulted in a time-dependent activation of c-Src, with maximal activation occurring at 30 min after thrombin challenge. Inhibition of c-Src by pharmacological and genetic approaches impaired thrombin-induced NF-kappaB-dependent reporter activity and ICAM-1 expression. Analysis of the NF-kappaB pathway revealed that the effect of c-Src inhibition occurred independently of IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB DNA binding function and was not associated with exchange of NF-kappaB dimers. Phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at Ser(536), an event mediating the transcriptional activity of DNA-bound RelA/p65, was also insensitive to c-Src inhibition. Interestingly, thrombin induced association of c-Src with RelA/p65, and inhibition of c-Src prevented this response, indicating that this interaction is contingent on activation of c-Src. We also observed that thrombin induced tyrosine phosphorylation of RelA/p65, and this phosphorylation was lost upon inhibition of c-Src, consistent with the requirement of activated c-Src for interaction with RelA/p65. These data implicate an important role of c-Src in phosphorylating RelA/p65 to promote the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB and thereby ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fazal F, Minhajuddin M, Bijli KM, McGrath JL, Rahman A. Evidence for actin cytoskeleton-dependent and -independent pathways for RelA/p65 nuclear translocation in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:3940-50. [PMID: 17158457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608074200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB involves its release from the inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha in the cytoplasm and subsequently, its translocation to the nucleus. Whereas the events responsible for its release have been elucidated, mechanisms regulating the nuclear transport of NF-kappaB remain elusive. We now provide evidence for actin cytoskeleton-dependent and -independent mechanisms of RelA/p65 nuclear transport using the proinflammatory mediators, thrombin and tumor necrosis factor alpha, respectively. We demonstrate that thrombin alters the actin cytoskeleton in endothelial cells and interfering with these alterations, whether by stabilizing or destabilizing the actin filaments, prevents thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activation and consequently, expression of its target gene, ICAM-1. The blockade of NF-kappaB activation occurs downstream of IkappaBalpha degradation and is associated with impaired RelA/p65 nuclear translocation. Importantly, thrombin induces association of RelA/p65 with actin and this interaction is sensitive to stabilization/destabilization of the actin filaments. In parallel studies, stabilizing or destabilizing the actin filaments fails to inhibit RelA/p65 nuclear accumulation and ICAM-1 expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha, consistent with its inability to induce actin filament formation comparable with thrombin. Thus, these studies reveal the existence of actin cytoskeleton-dependent and -independent pathways that may be engaged in a stimulus-specific manner to facilitate RelA/p65 nuclear import and thereby ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Filippi MD, Szczur K, Harris CE, Berclaz PY. Rho GTPase Rac1 is critical for neutrophil migration into the lung. Blood 2006; 109:1257-64. [PMID: 16990606 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-017731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical in the inflammatory process by moving rapidly to tissue sites of inflammation. Members of the small Rho GTPase family, Rac1, Rac2, CDC42, and RhoA, are central regulators of cell migration by cytoskeleton rearrangement. The role of Rac1 in neutrophil migration related to inflammatory processes has remained elusive and has yet to be determined in physiologic in vivo models. We previously demonstrated a role for Rac1 in tail retraction. Here, we present evidence that Rac1-mediated uropod formation may be due to crosstalk with a related Rho GTPase RhoA. To assess the physiologic relevance of these findings, we used adoptive transfer of Rac1flox/flox bone marrow cells which allows postengraftment in vivo deletion of Rac1 only in blood cells. We examined the specific role of Rac1 in neutrophil migration into the lung during the inflammatory process induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine exposure. The loss of Rac1 activity in neutrophils is associated with a significant decreased neutrophil recruitment into lung alveolar and attenuation of emphysematous lesions. Overall, this study suggests that Rac1 is a physiologic integrator of signals for neutrophil recruitment into lung tissue during an inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45229, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maris NA, Florquin S, van't Veer C, de Vos AF, Buurman W, Jansen HM, van der Poll T. Inhalation of beta 2 agonists impairs the clearance of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae from the murine respiratory tract. Respir Res 2006; 7:57. [PMID: 16595015 PMCID: PMC1456968 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common bacterial pathogen causing human respiratory tract infections under permissive conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inhalation of β2-receptor agonists is a widely used treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inhalation of β2 agonists on the host immune response to respiratory tract infection with NTHi. Methods Mouse alveolar macrophages were stimulated in vitro with NTHi in the presence or absence of the β2 receptor agonists salmeterol or salbutamol. In addition, mice received salmeterol or salbutamol by inhalation and were intranasally infected with NTHi. End points were pulmonary inflammation and bacterial loads. Results Both salmeterol and salbutamol inhibited NTHi induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) release by mouse alveolar macrophages in vitro by a β receptor dependent mechanism. In line, inhalation of either salmeterol or salbutamol was associated with a reduced early TNFα production in lungs of mice infected intranasally with NTHi, an effect that was reversed by concurrent treatment with the β blocker propranolol. The clearance of NTHi from the lungs was impaired in mice treated with salmeterol or salbutamol, an adverse effect that was prevented by propranolol and independent of the reduction in TNFα. Conclusion These data suggest that inhalation of salmeterol or salbutamol may negatively influence an effective clearance of NTHi from the airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico A Maris
- Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van't Veer
- Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Buurman
- Department of Surgery, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Jansen
- Department of Pulmonology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Jupudy V, Reising S, Repasky EA, Czuczman MS. Concurrent administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances the biological activity of rituximab in a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse lymphoma model. Leuk Lymphoma 2006; 46:1775-84. [PMID: 16263581 DOI: 10.1080/17402520500182329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A predominant percentage of the in vivo antitumor activity of rituximab occurs through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via FcgammaRIII receptors. Co-expression of CD11b/CD18 (MAC-1), an adhesion molecule present in activated neutrophils, plays an important role in the induction of ADCC. The effects of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the biological activity of rituximab were studied in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. Natural killer (NK) cell-depleted SCID mice were inoculated intravenously with Raji cells. Animals were divided into 6 cohorts: group A: placebo (saline injection); group B: murine (m)-G-CSF; group C: m-GM-CSF; group D: rituximab alone; group E: concurrent m-G-CSF and rituximab; and group F: concurrent m-GM-CSF and rituximab. Treatment with G-CSF or GM-CSF led to a 1.5- to 2-fold increase of CD11b/CD18 expression in neutrophils. Treatment with G-CSF led to the highest expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils. No antitumor activity was observed among mice treated with G-CSF or GM-CSF alone. After 3 months, survival rates were highest in animals treated with rituximab and G-CSF (53.3%) compared to rituximab alone (13.3%) or in combination with peg-GM-CSF (26.7%). Increasing neutrophil counts via cytokine stimulation may play an important role in augmenting rituximab-associated antitumor activity.
Collapse
|
40
|
Nieminen J, St-Pierre C, Sato S. Galectin-3 interacts with naive and primed neutrophils, inducing innate immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 78:1127-35. [PMID: 16260586 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1204702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil is the first line of defense against infection. As a part of the innate immune response, neutrophils start to emigrate from blood to an affected site and their state is altered from passively circulating naïve to primed, and then to fully activated. The extent of neutrophil activation and their subsequent response varies depending on the stimuli and environment that neutrophils encounter. Because neutrophils can also induce deleterious effects on host tissues, tight regulation of recruitment and functions of neutrophils is required for efficient recovery. Galectin-3, a soluble beta-galactoside binding protein, of which expression is up-regulated during inflammation/infection, is suggested to be involved in various inflammatory responses. However, the precise roles of this lectin in innate immunity remain unknown, while it has been demonstrated that galectin-3 binds to naïve and primed neutrophils. Here we report that galectin-3 can induce L-selectin shedding and interleukin-8 production in naïve and primed neutrophils. These activities were shown to be dependent on the presence of the C-terminal lectin domain and the N-terminal nonlectin domain of galectin-3, which is involved in oligomerization of this lectin. We also found that, after galectin-3 binds to neutrophils, primed but not naïve neutrophils can cleave galectin-3, mainly through elastase, which results in the formation of truncated galectin-3 lacking the N-terminal domain. Together, these results suggest that galectin-3 activates naïve and primed neutrophils, and galectin-3-activated primed neutrophils have an ability to inactivate galectin-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nieminen
- Glycobiology Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Laval University Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schenkel AR, Chew TW, Chlipala E, Harbord MWN, Muller WA. Different susceptibilities of PECAM-deficient mouse strains to spontaneous idiopathic pneumonitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:23-30. [PMID: 16457810 PMCID: PMC1486780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (PECAM) is an adhesion and signaling molecule used for leukocyte extravasation. We have generated two strains of PECAM-deficient mouse, one in the original C57BL/6 and a second by backcrossing nice generations into the FVB/n strain. The FVB/n strain has reduced responses in models of acute inflammation. We show here that this strain is also susceptible to a chronic pneumonia which leads to pulmonary fibrosis. In contrast, PECAM-deficient C57BL/6 mice do not develop this lung disease and have normal responses in acute models of inflammation. This demonstrates that PECAM-dependent and -independent mechanisms are found in both acute and chronic inflammation. Further, the PECAM-deficient FVB/n strain has many pathologic similarities to the human disease Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, suggesting that similar molecular mechanisms may play a role in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Schenkel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Colorado State University 1682 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Coimbra R, Melbostad H, Loomis W, Porcides RD, Wolf P, Tobar M, Hoyt DB. LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury is Attenuated by Phosphodiesterase Inhibition: Effects on Proinflammatory Mediators, Metalloproteinases, NF-??B, and ICAM-1 Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 60:115-25. [PMID: 16456445 DOI: 10.1097/01.ta.0000200075.12489.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute endotoxemia is characterized by an enhanced inflammatory response. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to decrease TNF-alpha levels and to down-regulate neutrophil activation, likely because of increases in intracellular cyclic AMP. Its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung injury, more specifically on tissue neutrophil infiltration and degranulation, adhesion molecule expression, and transcriptional factor activation, have not been fully investigated. We postulated that PTX treatment in acute endotoxemia downregulates the inflammatory response and may decrease lung injury. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: Sham (saline i.v.), LPS (5 mg/kg i.v.), and PTX + LPS (25 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg i.v., respectively; concomitant injection). After 4 hours, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), plasma, and lungs were sampled. BAL IL-8 (ELISA), BAL MMP-2, plasma MMP-9, and BAL MMP-9 (Zymography) were measured. Lung histology (H&E), in addition to lung MPO, ICAM-1, and NF-kappaB expression evaluated by immunohistochemistry were analyzed. Lung NF-kappaB DNA binding was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS PTX treatment decreased BAL IL-8 levels, BAL MMP-2, and plasma MMP-9 activity. Lung neutrophil infiltration (MPO), ICAM-1 expression and NF-kappaB activation were decreased by PTX. In addition, PTX treatment caused a marked attenuation of LPS-induced lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Phosphodiesterase inhibition by PTX attenuates LPS-induced end-organ injury. In addition, proinflammatory cytokine production is also downregulated, likely because of the marked attenuation of NF-kappaB DNA binding and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Coimbra
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 200 W. Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8896, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lall RN, Loomis W, Melbostad H, Hoyt DB, Lane T, Coimbra R. Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Attenuates Stored Blood-Induced Neutrophil Activation: A Novel Adjunct to Blood Transfusion. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 202:10-7. [PMID: 16377492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated neutrophils play a central role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and multiple organ failure (MOF). Transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) is an independent risk factor in the development of ARDS and MOF. It has been postulated that factors present in the supernatant of PRBCs activate neutrophils. The magnitude of neutrophil activation is dependent on the age of the stored blood. Our laboratory and others have reported that pentoxifylline (PTX), a nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, decreases neutrophil activation. We hypothesized that adding PTX to PRBCs would attenuate blood transfusion-induced neutrophil activation. STUDY DESIGN Peripheral blood was obtained from healthy human volunteers. Oxidative burst, CD11b, and CD35 expression were measured by flow cytometry using a whole blood preparation. Whole blood was incubated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (1 microM) alone and 42-day-old PRBC supernatant + fMLP with or without PTX (2 mmol/L). RESULTS N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine alone caused a significant increase in neutrophil oxidative burst (100%). The exposure of whole blood to PRBC supernatants + fMLP led to a 1.3-fold increase in neutrophil oxidative burst as compared with fMLP alone, indicating that PRBC supernatants prime neutrophils for oxidative burst by 75%. More importantly, PTX decreased neutrophil oxidative burst by 114% in supernatant + fMLP-stimulated whole blood (p < 0.001). PTX decreased CD11b expression in both fMLP (p < 0.01) and fMLP+supernatant-stimulated whole blood (p < 0.05). Supernatant from PRBCs did not have an additive effect to fMLP alone on CD11b expression. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced CD35 expression was downregulated by PTX. The addition of PRBC supernatant did not increase the already upregulated fMLP-induced CD35 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adding PTX to PRBC supernatant markedly decreases neutrophil activation. The lack of successful treatment strategies to effectively modulate the inflammatory response after blood transfusion indicates the need for novel therapies. Because the deleterious effects of blood transfusion on end-organ injury and MOF are associated with neutrophil activation, the adjunct use of PTX to blood transfusion may have therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan N Lall
- Division of Trauma, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8896, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Terheggen-Lagro SWJ, Rijkers GT, van der Ent CK. The role of airway epithelium and blood neutrophils in the inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2005; 4 Suppl 2:15-23. [PMID: 15967736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which accounts for the cAMP-modulated chloride conductance of airway epithelial cells. CFTR also regulates other membrane proteins like the negative regulation of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Mutations in the CFTR gene lead to hyperabsorption of sodium chloride and a reduction in the periciliary salt and water content which leads to impaired mucociliary clearance. It seems that a lack of functional CFTR leads to abnormal function of the NF-kappaB pathway in submucosal gland cells, causing an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the chemokine IL-8, and a pro-inflammatory environment. CFTR is also expressed in neutrophils and several neutrophil functions like cytokine production, migration, phagocytosis and apoptosis seem altered in CF. In this review we describe the role of airway epithelium and blood neutrophils in the viscious circle of inflammation and infection seen in CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W J Terheggen-Lagro
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Internal Postal Code KH 01.419.0, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Omolola Eniola A, Hammer DA. In vitro characterization of leukocyte mimetic for targeting therapeutics to the endothelium using two receptors. Biomaterials 2005; 26:7136-44. [PMID: 15953632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Selectins (E- and P-selectin) and other endothelial expressed leukocyte adhesion molecules (ELAMs) are potential targets for site-specific delivery of therapeutics to the vascular endothelium due to their specific and highly regulated expression in vascular disease. It was recently shown that degradable microspheres coated with antibodies against E-selectin or other ELAMs can target inflammation in vivo. However, targeting ELAMs alone cannot differentiate between normal and diseased state, as a basal level of these LAMs are expressed on endothelium in healthy tissues. Furthermore, leukocytes usually employ two separate adhesion molecules in parallel to home to diseased tissues, and we recently quantified the advantages of a two-receptor display for the targeting of leukocyte mimetics (Eniola AO, Willcox PJ, Hammer DA. Interplay between rolling and firm adhesion elucidated with a cell-free system engineered with two distinct receptor-ligand pairs. Biophys J 2003;85:2720-31). Here, we describe a leukocyte mimetic for targeting therapeutics to the vasculature in inflammatory diseases via two receptors, selectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), where biodegradable, polymer microspheres were co-functionalized with the selectin ligand, sialyl Lewis(X) (sLe(X)), and an antibody against ICAM-1, anti-ICAM-1 (aICAM-1). These two-receptor targeted particles, at given ratios of sLe(X)/aICAM-1, firmly adhere to substrate surface in flow only when both targeting ligands can interact with their respective receptors, mimicking the multi-step in vivo leukocyte adhesion in inflammation. Thus, we have faithfully recreated the specificity and extent of leukocyte adhesion in a platform that can allow for local delivery of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Omolola Eniola
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Discovery of new genes and proteins directly supporting leukocyte adhesion is waning, whereas there is heightened interest in the cell mechanics and receptor dynamics that lead from transient tethering via selectins to affinity shifts and adhesion strengthening through integrins. New optical tools enable real-time imaging of leukocyte rolling and arrest in parallel plate flow channels (PPFCs), and detection of single-molecule force spectroscopy provides an inner view of the intercellular adhesive contact region. Leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation is triggered by ligation of G protein-coupled chemotactic receptors (GPCRs) and clustering of selectins. This, in turn, activates beta(2)-integrin (CD18), which facilitates cell capture and arrest in shear flow. This review provides a conceptual model for the molecular events supporting leukocyte recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5294, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bozinovski S, Cross M, Vlahos R, Jones JE, Hsuu K, Tessier PA, Reynolds EC, Hume DA, Hamilton JA, Geczy CL, Anderson GP. S100A8 chemotactic protein is abundantly increased, but only a minor contributor to LPS-induced, steroid resistant neutrophilic lung inflammation in vivo. J Proteome Res 2005; 4:136-45. [PMID: 15707368 DOI: 10.1021/pr049829t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophilic lung inflammation is an essential component of host defense against diverse eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens, but in chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiolitis, it may damage the host. Glucocorticosteroids are widely used in these conditions and in their infectious exacerbations; however, the clinical efficacy of steroids is disputed. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to identify molecules contributing to neutrophilic inflammation induced by transnasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that were also resistant to the potent glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone (Dex). We confirmed that Dex was biologically active at both the transcript (suppression of GM-CSF and TNFalphatranscripts) and protein levels (induction of lipocortin) and used 2D-PAGE/MALDI-TOF to generate global expression profiles, identifying six LPS-induced proteins that were Dex resistant. Of these, S100A8, a candidate neutrophil chemotactic factor, was profiled in detail. Steroid refractory S100A8 expression was highly abundant, transcriptionally regulated, secreted into lung lavage fluid and immunohistochemically localized to tissue infiltrating neutrophils. However, in marked contrast to other vascular beds, neutralizing antibodies to S100A8 had only a weak anti-neutrophil recruitment effect and antibodies against the related S100A9 were ineffective. These data highlight the need for extensive in vivo profiling of proteomically identified candidate molecules and demonstrates that S100A8, despite its abundance, resistance to steroids and known chemotactic activity, is unlikely to be an important determinant of LPS-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bozinovski
- Lung Disease Research Group, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 VIC Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kallapur SG, Moss TJM, Ikegami M, Jasman RL, Newnham JP, Jobe AH. Recruited inflammatory cells mediate endotoxin-induced lung maturation in preterm fetal lambs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:1315-21. [PMID: 16109976 PMCID: PMC2718417 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200506-1007oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chorioamnionitis is paradoxically associated with a decreased incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. In preterm lambs, intraamniotic endotoxin and interleukin 1 (IL-1) induce lung inflammation followed by lung maturation. OBJECTIVE To test if inflammatory cells are required to mediate induced lung maturation. METHODS Lung inflammation was induced by intraamniotic injection of endotoxin or IL-1. Inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung was inhibited by an anti-CD18 blocking antibody given intramuscularly to the fetus. Preterm lambs were delivered at 124-d gestation (term = 150 d) 2 or 7 d after exposure to endotoxin/IL-1 or endotoxin/IL-1 + anti-CD18 antibody. MEASUREMENTS Lung inflammation was measured by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell count, inflammatory scoring of lung parenchyma, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Lung maturation was quantitated by surfactant protein mRNA expression, saturated phosphatidylcholine pool size, and pressure-volume curves. MAIN RESULTS Inhibition of CD18 significantly reduced endotoxin-induced but not IL-1-induced fetal lung inflammatory cell recruitment and activation as well as expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Compared with control lungs, both endotoxin and IL-1 induced lung maturation. Anti-CD18 antibody administration inhibited only endotoxin-induced but not IL-1-induced increases in surfactant protein mRNA and surfactant saturated phosphatidylcholine. Exposure to anti-CD18 antibody moderated endotoxin-induced increases in lung volumes but had no effect on IL-1-induced increases in lung volumes. CONCLUSIONS (1) Endotoxin- but not IL-1-induced inflammatory cell recruitment in the preterm fetal lamb lung is CD18 dependent; (2) recruited inflammatory cells mediate some aspects of fetal lung maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhas G Kallapur
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Eniola AO, Krasik EF, Smith LA, Song G, Hammer DA. I-domain of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 mediates rolling of polystyrene particles on ICAM-1 under flow. Biophys J 2005; 89:3577-88. [PMID: 16100282 PMCID: PMC1366851 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.057729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In their active state, beta(2)-integrins, such as LFA-1, mediate the firm arrest of leukocytes by binding intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) expressed on endothelium. Although the primary function of LFA-1 is assumed to be the ability to mediate firm adhesion, recent work has shown that LFA-1 can contribute to cell tethering and rolling under hydrodynamic flow, a role previously largely attributed to the selectins. The inserted (I) domain of LFA-1 has recently been crystallized in the wild-type (wt) and locked-open conformations and has been shown to, respectively, support rolling and firm adhesion under flow when expressed in alpha(L)beta(2) heterodimers or as isolated domains on cells. Here, we report results from cell-free adhesion assays where wt I-domain-coated polystyrene particles were allowed to interact with ICAM-1-coated surfaces in shear flow. We show that wt I-domain can independently mediate the capture of particles from flow and support their rolling on ICAM-1 surfaces in a manner similar to how carbohydrate-selectin interactions mediate rolling. Adhesion is specific and blocked by appropriate antibodies. We also show that the rolling velocity of I-domain-coated particles depends on the wall shear stress in flow chamber, I-domain site density on microsphere surfaces, and ICAM-1 site density on substrate surfaces. Furthermore, we show that rolling is less sensitive to wall shear stress and ICAM-1 substrate density at high density of I-domain on the microsphere surface. Computer simulations using adhesive dynamics can recreate bead rolling dynamics and show that the mechanochemical properties of ICAM-1-I-domain interactions are similar to those of carbohydrate-selectin interactions. Understanding the biophysics of adhesion mediated by the I-domain of LFA-1 can elucidate the complex roles this integrin plays in leukocyte adhesion in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Omolola Eniola
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arnold R, König W. Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human lung endothelial cells enhances selectively intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:7359-67. [PMID: 15905583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is worldwide the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants requiring hospitalization. In the present study, we supply evidence that human lung microvascular endothelial cells, human pulmonary lung aorta endothelial cells, and HUVEC are target cells for productive RSV infection. All three RSV-infected endothelial cell types showed an enhanced cell surface expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), which increased in a time- and RSV-dose-dependent manner. By using noninfectious RSV particles we verified that replication of RSV is a prerequisite for the increase of ICAM-1 cell surface expression. The up-regulated ICAM-1 expression pattern correlated with an increased cellular ICAM-1 mRNA amount. In contrast to ICAM-1, a de novo expression of VCAM-1 (CD106) was only observed on RSV-infected HUVEC. Neither P-selectin (CD62P) nor E-selectin (CD62E) was up-regulated by RSV on human endothelial cells. Additional experiments performed with neutralizing Abs specific for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, respectively, excluded an autocrine mechanism responsible for the observed ICAM-1 up-regulation. The virus-induced ICAM-1 up-regulation was dependent on protein kinase C and A, PI3K, and p38 MAPK activity. Adhesion experiments using polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) verified an increased ICAM-1-dependent adhesion rate of PMN cocultured with RSV-infected endothelial cells. Furthermore, the increased adhesiveness resulted in an enhanced transmigration rate of PMN. Our in vitro data suggest that human lung endothelial cells are target cells for RSV infection and that ICAM-1 up-regulated on RSV-infected endothelial cells might contribute to the enhanced accumulation of PMN into the bronchoalveolar space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Arnold
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|