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Tcyganov EN, Sanseviero E, Marvel D, Beer T, Tang HY, Hembach P, Speicher DW, Zhang Q, Donthireddy LR, Mostafa A, Tsyganova S, Pisarev V, Laufer T, Ignatov D, Ferrone S, Meyer C, Maby-El Hajjami H, Speiser DE, Altiok S, Antonia S, Xu X, Xu W, Zheng C, Schuchter LM, Amaravadi RK, Mitchell TC, Karakousis GC, Yuan Z, Montaner LJ, Celis E, Gabrilovich DI. Peroxynitrite in the tumor microenvironment changes the profile of antigens allowing escape from cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:1173-1189.e6. [PMID: 36220073 PMCID: PMC9566605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy often depends on recognition of peptide epitopes by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched for peroxynitrite (PNT), a potent oxidant produced by infiltrating myeloid cells and some tumor cells. We demonstrate that PNT alters the profile of MHC class I bound peptides presented on tumor cells. Only CTLs specific for PNT-resistant peptides have a strong antitumor effect in vivo, whereas CTLs specific for PNT-sensitive peptides are not effective. Therapeutic targeting of PNT in mice reduces resistance of tumor cells to CTLs. Melanoma patients with low PNT activity in their tumors demonstrate a better clinical response to immunotherapy than patients with high PNT activity. Our data suggest that intratumoral PNT activity should be considered for the design of neoantigen-based therapy and also may be an important immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii N Tcyganov
- Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Douglas Marvel
- Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Beer
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Hembach
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- AstraZeneca, ICC, Early Oncology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Ali Mostafa
- AstraZeneca, ICC, Early Oncology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Sabina Tsyganova
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir Pisarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia; Central Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Terri Laufer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dmitriy Ignatov
- Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christiane Meyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cathy Zheng
- Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lynn M Schuchter
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tara C Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Luis J Montaner
- Immunology, Microenvironment, and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Esteban Celis
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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2
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Morales E, Olson M, Iglesias F, Luetkens T, Atanackovic D. Targeting the tumor microenvironment of Ewing sarcoma. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1439-1451. [PMID: 34670399 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive tumor type with an age peak in adolescence. Despite the use of dose-intensified chemotherapy as well as radiation and surgery for local control, patients with upfront metastatic disease or relapsed disease have a dismal prognosis, highlighting the need for additional therapeutic options. Different types of immunotherapies have been investigated with only very limited clinical success, which may be due to the presence of immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. Here we provide an overview on different factors contributing to Ewing sarcoma immune escape. We demonstrate ways to target these factors in order to make current and future immunotherapies more effective and achieve deeper and more durable responses in patients with Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Morales
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Michael Olson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Hematology & Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Fiorella Iglesias
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tim Luetkens
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine & Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine & Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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3
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Immunosuppressive Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Therapeutic Targeting in Lung Cancer. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6319649. [PMID: 29765990 PMCID: PMC5889862 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6319649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide due to its late diagnosis and poor outcome. Immunotherapy is becoming more and more encouraging and promising in lung cancer therapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are the main tumor suppressor factors, and the treatment strategy of targeting MDSCs is gradually emerging. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the role of MDSCs in lung cancer. In view of the emerging importance of MDSCs in lung cancer, the treatment of targeting MDSCs will be useful to the control of the development and progression of lung cancer. However, the occurrence, metastasis, and survival of cancer is the result of multiple factors and multiple mechanisms, so combined treatments using different strategies will become the major therapy method for lung cancer in the future.
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Abstract
Background Malignant mesothelioma is a rare cancer with poor outcome, associated with asbestos exposure. Reactive oxygen species may play an important role in the mechanism of carcinogenesis; therefore, genetic variability in antioxidative defence may modify an individual’s susceptibility to this cancer. This study investigated the influence of functional polymorphisms of NQO1, CAT, SOD2 and hOGG1 genes, gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions on malignant mesothelioma risk. Patients and methods In total, 150 cases with malignant mesothelioma and 122 controls with no asbestos-related disease were genotyped for NQO1, CAT, SOD2 and hOGG1 polymorphisms. Results The risk of malignant mesothelioma increased with smoking, odds ratio (OR) 9.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.83–17.98] and slightly with age, OR 1.10 (95% CI: 1.08–1.14). Medium and high asbestos exposures represented 7-times higher risk of malignant mesothelioma compared to low exposure, OR 7.05 (95% CI 3.59–13.83). NQO1 rs1800566 was significantly associated with increased malignant mesothelioma risk, OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.02–2.96). Although there was no independent association between either CAT rs1001179 or hOGG1 rs1052133 polymorphism and malignant mesothelioma, interaction between both polymorphisms showed a protective effect, ORint 0.27 (95% CI 0.10–0.77). Conclusions Our findings suggest a role of both genetic variability in antioxidative defence and repair as well as the impact of gene-gene interactions in the development of malignant mesothelioma. The results of this study could add to our understanding of pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma and contribute to prevention and earlier diagnosis of this aggressive cancer.
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Wu Y, Yuan L, Lu Q, Xu H, He X. Distinctive profiles of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and association with intensity of infiltration in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3876-3882. [PMID: 29456737 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are heterogeneous and consist of characteristic compartments, including T helper (Th)1 and regulatory T (Treg) cells that exhibit distinctive biological functions. The present study investigated the profile of infiltrating immune cells from surgically removed tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer. The characteristic transcription factors of Th1 and Th2 cells, Treg cells, Th17 cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells were analyzed. The results demonstrated that a marked increased number of Treg cells presented in tumor infiltrates when compared with non-tumor adjacent tissues. An increased number of Th1 and Tfh cells existed in tumor infiltrates compared with non-tumorous adjacent tissues, while the infiltration of Th17 and Th2 cells was similar between tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues. Furthermore, there were an increased number of Treg cells in tumors with low infiltration compared with those with high infiltration. The expression of CXC motif chemokine (CXC) receptor 3, CXC ligand (CXCL)L9 and CXCL10 was significantly increased on infiltrating T cells in tumors with high infiltration as compared with those with low infiltration. Macrophages exhibited a dominant M2 phenotype in tumor infiltrates of colorectal cancer, whereas a balanced M1 and M2 phenotype presented in macrophages from the peripheral blood. In vitro stimulation of macrophages isolated from tumor tissue of colorectal cancer with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and lipopolysaccharide did not drive to an inflammatory phenotype. The results provide insights into the pattern of immune cell infiltration in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer. It may be beneficial that patients with colorectal cancer are screened for the defined profile along with the expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in order to achieve better efficacy in clinical applications of immune-based therapy, including anti-programmed cell death protein 1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Qicheng Lu
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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Doble PA, Miklos GLG. Distributions of manganese in diverse human cancers provide insights into tumour radioresistance. Metallomics 2018; 10:1191-1210. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that measuring manganese levels in tumours of cancer patients is predictive for their radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Doble
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Broadway
- Australia
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7
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Kolahian S, Öz HH, Zhou B, Griessinger CM, Rieber N, Hartl D. The emerging role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in lung diseases. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:967-77. [PMID: 26846830 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01572-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are innate immune cells characterised by their potential to control T-cell responses and to dampen inflammation. While the role of MDSCs in cancer has been studied in depth, our understanding of their relevance for infectious and inflammatory disease conditions has just begun to evolve. Recent studies highlight an emerging and complex role for MDSCs in pulmonary diseases. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of MDSCs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung diseases, particularly lung cancer, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Kolahian
- Children's Hospital of the University of Tübingen, Pediatric Infectiology, Immunology & Cystic Fibrosis, Tübingen, Germany Dept of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hasan Halit Öz
- Children's Hospital of the University of Tübingen, Pediatric Infectiology, Immunology & Cystic Fibrosis, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benyuan Zhou
- Children's Hospital of the University of Tübingen, Pediatric Infectiology, Immunology & Cystic Fibrosis, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph M Griessinger
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Dept of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rieber
- Children's Hospital of the University of Tübingen, Pediatric Infectiology, Immunology & Cystic Fibrosis, Tübingen, Germany Dept of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Children's Hospital of the University of Tübingen, Pediatric Infectiology, Immunology & Cystic Fibrosis, Tübingen, Germany
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Kwak Y, Kim HE, Park SG. Insights into Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Inflammatory Diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:269-85. [PMID: 25990434 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells involved in immune regulation. This population subdivides into granulocytic MDSCs and monocytic MDSCs, which regulate immune responses via the production of various molecules including reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, arginase-1, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β. Most studies of MDSCs focused on their role in tumors. MDSCs protect tumor cells from immune responses, and thus the frequency of MDSCs associates with poor prognosis. Many recent studies reported an important role for MDSCs in inflammatory diseases via the regulation of immune cells. In addition, the utilization of MDSCs by infectious pathogens suggests an immune evasion mechanism. Thus, MDSCs are important immune regulators in inflammatory diseases, as well as in tumors. This review focuses on the role of MDSCs in the regulation of inflammation in non-tumor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Kwak
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
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De Sanctis F, Sandri S, Ferrarini G, Pagliarello I, Sartoris S, Ugel S, Marigo I, Molon B, Bronte V. The emerging immunological role of post-translational modifications by reactive nitrogen species in cancer microenvironment. Front Immunol 2014; 5:69. [PMID: 24605112 PMCID: PMC3932549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under many inflammatory contexts, such as tumor progression, systemic and peripheral immune response is tailored by reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-dependent post-translational modifications, suggesting a biological function for these chemical alterations. RNS modify both soluble factors and receptors essential to induce and maintain a tumor-specific immune response, creating a “chemical barrier” that impairs effector T cell infiltration and functionality in tumor microenvironment and supports the escape phase of cancer. RNS generation during tumor growth mainly depends on nitric oxide production by both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells that constitutively activate essential metabolic pathways of l-arginine catabolism. This review provides an overview of the potential immunological and biological role of RNS-induced modifications and addresses new approaches targeting RNS either in search of novel biomarkers or to improve anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Sanctis
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Sara Sandri
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrarini
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Irene Pagliarello
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Padua , Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine , Padua , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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Lu T, Gabrilovich DI. Molecular pathways: tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and reactive oxygen species in regulation of tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4877-82. [PMID: 22718858 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells are the major type of inflammatory cells involved in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. One key characteristic of these cells is the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have shown the important role of ROS and RNS, especially peroxynitrite, in immune suppression in cancer. ROS and RNS are involved in induction of antigen-specific T-cell tolerance, inhibition of T-cell migration to the tumor site, and tumor cell evasion of recognition by cytotoxic T cells. In preclinical settings, a number of potential therapeutic agents showed activity in blocking ROS/RNS in cancer and in improving the efficacy of cancer immune therapy. A better understanding of ROS/RNS-associated pathways in myeloid cells will help to identify more specific and direct targets to facilitate the development of more effective immune therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangying Lu
- H. Lee Moffitt CancerCenter, MRC 2067, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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11
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Lu T, Ramakrishnan R, Altiok S, Youn JI, Cheng P, Celis E, Pisarev V, Sherman S, Sporn MB, Gabrilovich D. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells induce tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic T cells in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4015-29. [PMID: 21911941 DOI: 10.1172/jci45862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapeutic approaches induce tumor-specific immune responses, in particular CTL responses, in many patients treated. However, such approaches are clinically beneficial to only a few patients. We set out to investigate one possible explanation for the failure of CTLs to eliminate tumors, specifically, the concept that this failure is not dependent on inhibition of T cell function. In a previous study, we found that in mice, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a source of the free radical peroxynitrite (PNT). Here, we show that pre-treatment of mouse and human tumor cells with PNT or with MDSCs inhibits binding of processed peptides to tumor cell-associated MHC, and as a result, tumor cells become resistant to antigen-specific CTLs. This effect was abrogated in MDSCs treated with a PNT inhibitor. In a mouse model of tumor-associated inflammation in which the antitumor effects of antigen-specific CTLs are eradicated by expression of IL-1β in the tumor cells, we determined that therapeutic failure was not caused by more profound suppression of CTLs by IL-1β-expressing tumors than tumors not expressing this proinflammatory cytokine. Rather, therapeutic failure was a result of the presence of PNT. Clinical relevance for these data was suggested by the observation that myeloid cells were the predominant source of PNT in human lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer samples. Our data therefore suggest what we believe to be a novel mechanism of MDSC-mediated tumor cell resistance to CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangying Lu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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12
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McAtee BL, Yager JD. Manganese superoxide dismutase: effect of the ala16val polymorphism on protein, activity, and mRNA levels in human breast cancer cell lines and stably transfected mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 335:107-18. [PMID: 19756960 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) ala16val polymorphism has been associated with various diseases including breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated levels of MnSOD protein, enzymatic activity, and mRNA with respect to MnSOD genotype in several human breast carcinoma cell lines and in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), developed from the MnSOD knockout mouse, stably expressing human MnSOD-ala and MnSOD-val. In human breast cell lines, the MnSOD-ala allele was associated with increased levels of MnSOD protein and MnSOD protein per unit mRNA. In the MEF transformants, MnSOD activity correlated fairly well with MnSOD protein levels. MnSOD mRNA expression was significantly lower in MnSOD-ala versus MnSOD-val lines. MnSOD protein and activity levels were not related to MnSOD genotype in the transformed MEF, although, as observed in the human breast cell lines, the MEF human MnSOD-ala lines produced significantly more human MnSOD protein per unit mRNA than the human MnSOD-val lines. This suggests that there is more efficient production of MnSOD-ala protein compared to MnSOD-val protein. Examination of several indicators of reactive oxygen species levels, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, in wild-type MEF and in MEF expressing similar elevated amounts of MnSOD-ala or val activity did not show differences related to the levels of MnSOD protein expression. In conclusion, in both human breast carcinoma cell lines and MEF cell lines stably transfected with human MnSOD, the MnSOD-ala allele was associated with increased production of MnSOD protein per unit mRNA indicating a possible imbalance in MnSOD protein production from the MnSOD-val mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt L McAtee
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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13
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Gabrilovich DI, Nagaraj S. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:162-74. [PMID: 19197294 PMCID: PMC2828349 DOI: 10.1038/nri2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5040] [Impact Index Per Article: 336.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that expand during cancer, inflammation and infection, and that have a remarkable ability to suppress T-cell responses. These cells constitute a unique component of the immune system that regulates immune responses in healthy individuals and in the context of various diseases. In this Review, we discuss the origin, mechanisms of expansion and suppressive functions of MDSCs, as well as the potential to target these cells for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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14
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system. NATURE REVIEWS. IMMUNOLOGY 2009. [PMID: 19197294 DOI: 10.1038/nri2506.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that expand during cancer, inflammation and infection, and that have a remarkable ability to suppress T-cell responses. These cells constitute a unique component of the immune system that regulates immune responses in healthy individuals and in the context of various diseases. In this Review, we discuss the origin, mechanisms of expansion and suppressive functions of MDSCs, as well as the potential to target these cells for therapeutic benefit.
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