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Archer F, Bobet-Erny A, Gomes M. State of the art on lung organoids in mammals. Vet Res 2021; 52:77. [PMID: 34078444 PMCID: PMC8170649 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number and severity of diseases affecting lung development and adult respiratory function have stimulated great interest in developing new in vitro models to study lung in different species. Recent breakthroughs in 3-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures have led to new physiological in vitro models that better mimic the lung than conventional 2D cultures. Lung organoids simulate multiple aspects of the real organ, making them promising and useful models for studying organ development, function and disease (infection, cancer, genetic disease). Due to their dynamics in culture, they can serve as a sustainable source of functional cells (biobanking) and be manipulated genetically. Given the differences between species regarding developmental kinetics, the maturation of the lung at birth, the distribution of the different cell populations along the respiratory tract and species barriers for infectious diseases, there is a need for species-specific lung models capable of mimicking mammal lungs as they are of great interest for animal health and production, following the One Health approach. This paper reviews the latest developments in the growing field of lung organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Archer
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Alexandra Bobet-Erny
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Maryline Gomes
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France
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2
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Ruaro B, Salton F, Braga L, Wade B, Confalonieri P, Volpe MC, Baratella E, Maiocchi S, Confalonieri M. The History and Mystery of Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells: Focus on Their Physiologic and Pathologic Role in Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2566. [PMID: 33806395 PMCID: PMC7961977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are a key structure of the distal lung epithelium, where they exert their innate immune response and serve as progenitors of alveolar type I (ATI) cells, contributing to alveolar epithelial repair and regeneration. In the healthy lung, ATII cells coordinate the host defense mechanisms, not only generating a restrictive alveolar epithelial barrier, but also orchestrating host defense mechanisms and secreting surfactant proteins, which are important in lung protection against pathogen exposure. Moreover, surfactant proteins help to maintain homeostasis in the distal lung and reduce surface tension at the pulmonary air-liquid interface, thereby preventing atelectasis and reducing the work of breathing. ATII cells may also contribute to the fibroproliferative reaction by secreting growth factors and proinflammatory molecules after damage. Indeed, various acute and chronic diseases are associated with intensive inflammation. These include oedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, fibrosis and numerous interstitial lung diseases, and are characterized by hyperplastic ATII cells which are considered an essential part of the epithelialization process and, consequently, wound healing. The aim of this review is that of revising the physiologic and pathologic role ATII cells play in pulmonary diseases, as, despite what has been learnt in the last few decades of research, the origin, phenotypic regulation and crosstalk of these cells still remain, in part, a mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruaro
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Braga
- ICGEB, Area Science Park, Padriciano, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Barbara Wade
- City of Health and Science of Turin, Department of Science of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Paola Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Concetta Volpe
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Elisa Baratella
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Serena Maiocchi
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
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3
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Shpichka A, Bikmulina P, Peshkova M, Kosheleva N, Zurina I, Zahmatkesh E, Khoshdel-Rad N, Lipina M, Golubeva E, Butnaru D, Svistunov A, Vosough M, Timashev P. Engineering a Model to Study Viral Infections: Bioprinting, Microfluidics, and Organoids to Defeat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:302. [PMID: 33089000 PMCID: PMC7557357 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i4.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the number of studies related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is constantly growing, it is essential to provide a framework of modeling viral infections. Therefore, this review aims to describe the background presented by earlier used models for viral studies and an approach to design an "ideal" tissue model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the previous successful achievements in antiviral research and tissue engineering, combining the emerging techniques such as bioprinting, microfluidics, and organoid formation are considered to be one of the best approaches to form in vitro tissue models. The fabrication of an integrated multi-tissue bioprinted platform tailored for SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a great breakthrough that can help defeat coronavirus disease in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Shpichka
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Bikmulina
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Peshkova
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Embryology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Zurina
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel-Rad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marina Lipina
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Surgery, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Golubeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Butnaru
- Rector’s Office, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Polymers and Composites, NN Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Gray ME, Sullivan P, Marland JRK, Greenhalgh SN, Meehan J, Gregson R, Clutton RE, Cousens C, Griffiths DJ, Murray A, Argyle D. A Novel Translational Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Model for Human Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:534. [PMID: 31316911 PMCID: PMC6611418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell line and in vivo murine models have historically dominated pre-clinical cancer research. These models can be expensive and time consuming and lead to only a small percentage of anti-cancer drugs gaining a license for human use. Large animal models that reflect human disease have high translational value; these can be used to overcome current pre-clinical research limitations through the integration of drug development techniques with surgical procedures and anesthetic protocols, along with emerging fields such as implantable medical devices. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally-occurring lung cancer that is caused by the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. The disease has similar histological classification and oncogenic pathway activation to that of human lung adenocarcinomas making it a valuable model for studying human lung cancer. Developing OPA models to include techniques used in the treatment of human lung cancer would enhance its translational potential, making it an excellent research tool in assessing cancer therapeutics. In this study we developed a novel OPA model to validate the ability of miniaturized implantable O2 and pH sensors to monitor the tumor microenvironment. Naturally-occurring pre-clinical OPA cases were obtained through an on-farm ultrasound screening programme. Sensors were implanted into OPA tumors of anesthetized sheep using a CT-guided trans-thoracic percutaneous implantation procedure. This study reports the findings from 9 sheep that received sensor implantations. Time taken from initial CT scans to the placement of a single sensor into an OPA tumor was 45 ± 5 min, with all implantations resulting in the successful delivery of sensors into tumors. Immediate post-implantation mild pneumothoraces occurred in 4 sheep, which was successfully managed in all cases. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of the use of naturally-occurring OPA cases as a pre-clinical surgical model. Through the integration of techniques used in the treatment of human lung cancer patients, including ultrasound, general anesthesia, CT and surgery into the OPA model, we have demonstrated its translational potential. Although our research was tailored specifically for the implantation of sensors into lung tumors, we believe the model could also be developed for other pre-clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sullivan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R K Marland
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen N Greenhalgh
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Gregson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R Eddie Clutton
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David J Griffiths
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Gray ME, Meehan J, Sullivan P, Marland JRK, Greenhalgh SN, Gregson R, Clutton RE, Ward C, Cousens C, Griffiths DJ, Murray A, Argyle D. Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: A Unique Model to Improve Lung Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2019; 9:335. [PMID: 31106157 PMCID: PMC6498990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents a major worldwide health concern; although advances in patient management have improved outcomes for some patients, overall 5-year survival rates are only around 15%. In vitro studies and mouse models are commonly used to study lung cancer and their use has increased the molecular understanding of the disease. Unfortunately, mouse models are poor predictors of clinical outcome and seldom mimic advanced stages of the human disease. Animal models that more accurately reflect human disease are required for progress to be made in improving treatment outcomes and prognosis. Similarities in pulmonary anatomy and physiology potentially make sheep better models for studying human lung function and disease. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring lung cancer that is caused by the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. The disease is endemic in many countries throughout the world and has several features in common with human lung adenocarcinomas, including histological classification and activation of common cellular signaling pathways. Here we discuss the in vivo and in vitro OPA models that are currently available and describe the advantages of using pre-clinical naturally occurring OPA cases as a translational animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma. The challenges and options for obtaining these OPA cases for research purposes, along with their use in developing novel techniques for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents or for monitoring the tumor microenvironment in response to treatment, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sullivan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R. K. Marland
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen N. Greenhalgh
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Gregson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Eddie Clutton
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Griffiths
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Nakano-Narusawa Y, Hashimoto N, Kanie S, Yoshida S, Imaida K. Characteristics of surfactant proteins in tumorigenic and inflammatory lung lesions in rodents. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:231-240. [PMID: 30393427 PMCID: PMC6206284 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SPs) are essential for the proper structure and respiratory
function of the lungs. There are four subtypes of SPs: SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D. The
expectorant drug ambroxol hydrochloride is clinically used to stimulate pulmonary
surfactant and airway serous secretion. In addition, previous studies showed that ambroxol
regulated SP production and attenuated pulmonary inflammation, with ambroxol hydrochloride
being found to suppress quartz-induced lung inflammation via stimulation
of pulmonary surfactant and airway serous secretion. In this study, we investigated the
expression of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D in neoplastic and inflammatory lung lesions in
rodents, as well as their possible application as potential markers for diagnostic
purposes. SP-B and SP-C showed strong expression in lung hyperplasia and adenoma, whereas
SP-A and SP-D were expressed in the mucus or exudates of inflammatory alveoli. Rodent
tumorigenic hyperplasic tissues induced by various carcinogens were positive for napsin A,
an aspartic proteinase involved in the maturation of SP-B; this indicated a focal increase
in type II pneumocytes in the lungs. Therefore, high expression of napsin A in the
alveolar walls may serve as a useful marker for prediction of the tumorigenic potential of
lung hyperplasia in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano-Narusawa
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shota Yoshida
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Gomes M, Archer F, Girard N, Gineys B, Dolmazon C, Bobet Erny A, Mornex JF, Leroux C. Blocked expression of key genes of the angiogenic pathway in JSRV-induced pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Vet Res 2017; 48:76. [PMID: 29137669 PMCID: PMC5686813 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
JSRV (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus) is a retrovirus inducing a transmissible lung adenocarcinoma in sheep and goats with predominantly lepidic and papillary lesions. This naturally occurring lung cancer in large animals shares many features with human pneumonic-type lung adenocarcinomas with predominant lepidic growth. The metastatic spread is rare in both human and animal cancers. This unique feature prompted us to decipher the angiogenesis pathway in these cancers. We focused on the levels of mRNA and proteins of genes implicated in the extension of JSRV-induced lung adenocarcinomas by studying their expression in lung cancers (n = 10) and normal lungs (n = 10) and in primary epithelial alveolar type II cells derived from cancers (n = 10) or normal lungs (n = 6). In parallel, we evaluated the levels of expression of key genes in lung tissues collected from lepidic (n = 13) or papillary (n = 5) human adenocarcinomas and, when available, adjacent normal lungs (n = 11). We measured the expression of the same key genes implicated in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. In ovine adenocarcinomas, VEGFR2 and VEGFD mRNA were downregulated in cancers; MMP9, TIMP1 and FGFR2 mRNA were overexpressed as compared to normal lungs. Importantly, VEGFA and VEGFR2 proteins were not expressed in JSRV-induced cancers. In human lepidic adenocarcinomas, VEGFA and VEGFR2 mRNA were weakly expressed and no VEGFR2 protein was detectable. Downregulation of key angiogenic players may contribute to the control of extra thoracic invasion of cancer cells in human and ovine pneumonic-type adenocarcinoma with predominant lepidic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Gomes
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Archer
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Louis Pradel Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Gineys
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Dolmazon
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Bobet Erny
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Mornex
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Louis Pradel Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Leroux
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France.
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8
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İlhan F, Vural SA, Yıldırım S, Sözdutmaz İ, Alcigir ME. Expression of p53 protein, Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus matrix protein, and surfactant protein in the lungs of sheep with pulmonary adenomatosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:249-56. [PMID: 27016721 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716636939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring cancer in sheep that is caused by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). Because the pathologic and epidemiologic features of OPA are similar to those of bronchoalveolar carcinoma in humans, OPA is considered a useful animal model for pulmonary carcinogenesis. In this study, 3,512 lungs from various breeds of sheep were collected and macroscopically examined. OPA was identified in 30 sheep, and samples of these animals were further examined by histologic, immunohistochemical (p53 protein, surfactant protein A [SP-A], proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], JSRV matrix protein [MA]), and PCR methods. Papillary or acinar adenocarcinomas were detected microscopically in the affected areas. Immunoreactivity for p53 PAb240 was detected in 13 sheep, whereas p53 DO-1 was not detected in any of the OPA animals. PCNA immunoreactivity was recorded in 27 animals. SP-A and JSRV MA protein was immunopositive in all 30. JSRV proviral DNA was detected by PCR analysis in all of the lung samples collected from OPA animals. In addition, the pulmonary SP-A levels were increased in tumor cells. The results of this study suggest that PCNA and p53 protein expression may be useful indicators in monitoring malignancy of pulmonary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma İlhan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey (İlhan, Yıldırım)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (Vural, Alcigir)Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey (Sözdutmaz)
| | - Sevil A Vural
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey (İlhan, Yıldırım)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (Vural, Alcigir)Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey (Sözdutmaz)
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey (İlhan, Yıldırım)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (Vural, Alcigir)Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey (Sözdutmaz)
| | - İbrahim Sözdutmaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey (İlhan, Yıldırım)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (Vural, Alcigir)Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey (Sözdutmaz)
| | - Mehmet E Alcigir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey (İlhan, Yıldırım)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (Vural, Alcigir)Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey (Sözdutmaz)
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9
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Youssef G, Wallace WAH, Dagleish MP, Cousens C, Griffiths DJ. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a large animal model for human lung cancer. ILAR J 2016; 56:99-115. [PMID: 25991702 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of this disease has resulted in novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific groups of patients. Further studies are required to provide additional advances in diagnosis and treatment. Animal models are valuable tools for studying oncogenesis in lung cancer, particularly during the early stages of disease where tissues are rarely available from human cases. Mice have traditionally been used for studying lung cancer in vivo, and a variety of spontaneous and transgenic models are available. However, it is recognized that other species may also be informative for studies of cancer. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring lung cancer of sheep caused by retrovirus infection and has several features in common with adenocarcinoma of humans, including a similar histological appearance and activation of common cell signaling pathways. Additionally, the size and organization of human lungs are much closer to those of sheep lungs than to those of mice, which facilitates experimental approaches in sheep that are not available in mice. Thus OPA presents opportunities for studying lung tumor development that can complement conventional murine models. Here we describe the potential applications of OPA as a model for human lung adenocarcinoma with an emphasis on the various in vivo and in vitro experimental systems available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Youssef
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William A H Wallace
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris Cousens
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Griffiths
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Monot M, Archer F, Gomes M, Mornex JF, Leroux C. Advances in the study of transmissible respiratory tumours in small ruminants. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:170-7. [PMID: 26340900 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sheep and goats are widely infected by oncogenic retroviruses, namely Jaagsiekte Sheep RetroVirus (JSRV) and Enzootic Nasal Tumour Virus (ENTV). Under field conditions, these viruses induce transformation of differentiated epithelial cells in the lungs for Jaagsiekte Sheep RetroVirus or the nasal cavities for Enzootic Nasal Tumour Virus. As in other vertebrates, a family of endogenous retroviruses named endogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep RetroVirus (enJSRV) and closely related to exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep RetroVirus is present in domestic and wild small ruminants. Interestingly, Jaagsiekte Sheep RetroVirus and Enzootic Nasal Tumour Virus are able to promote cell transformation, leading to cancer through their envelope glycoproteins. In vitro, it has been demonstrated that the envelope is able to deregulate some of the important signaling pathways that control cell proliferation. The role of the retroviral envelope in cell transformation has attracted considerable attention in the past years, but it appears to be highly dependent of the nature and origin of the cells used. Aside from its health impact in animals, it has been reported for many years that the Jaagsiekte Sheep RetroVirus-induced lung cancer is analogous to a rare, peculiar form of lung adenocarcinoma in humans, namely lepidic pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The implication of a retrovirus related to Jaagsiekte Sheep RetroVirus is still controversial and under investigation, but the identification of an infectious agent associated with the development of lepidic pulmonary adenocarcinomas might help us to understand cancer development. This review explores the mechanisms of induction of respiratory cancers in small ruminants and the possible link between retrovirus and lepidic pulmonary adenocarcinomas in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monot
- INRA UMR754-Université Lyon 1, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, France; Université de Lyon, France
| | - F Archer
- INRA UMR754-Université Lyon 1, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, France; Université de Lyon, France
| | - M Gomes
- INRA UMR754-Université Lyon 1, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, France; Université de Lyon, France
| | - J-F Mornex
- INRA UMR754-Université Lyon 1, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, France; Université de Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - C Leroux
- INRA UMR754-Université Lyon 1, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, France; Université de Lyon, France.
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11
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Early Steps of Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus-Mediated Cell Transformation Involve the Interaction between Env and the RALBP1 Cellular Protein. J Virol 2015; 89:8462-73. [PMID: 26041289 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00590-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a naturally occurring lung cancer in sheep induced by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). Its envelope glycoprotein (Env) carries oncogenic properties, and its expression is sufficient to induce in vitro cell transformation and in vivo lung adenocarcinoma. The identification of cellular partners of the JSRV envelope remains crucial for deciphering mechanisms leading to cell transformation. We initially identified RALBP1 (RalA binding protein 1; also known as RLIP76 or RIP), a cellular protein implicated in the ras pathway, as a partner of JSRV Env by yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed formation of RALBP1/Env complexes in mammalian cells. Expression of the RALBP1 protein was repressed in tumoral lungs and in tumor-derived alveolar type II cells. Through its inhibition using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), we showed that RALBP1 was involved in envelope-induced cell transformation and in modulation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/p70S6K pathway by the retroviral envelope. IMPORTANCE JSRV-induced lung adenocarcinoma is of importance for the sheep industry. While the envelope has been reported as the oncogenic determinant of the virus, the cellular proteins directly interacting with Env are still not known. Our report on the formation of RALBP/Env complexes and the role of this interaction in cell transformation opens up a new hypothesis for the dysregulation observed upon virus infection in sheep.
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12
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Cousens C, Alleaume C, Bijsmans E, Martineau HM, Finlayson J, Dagleish MP, Griffiths DJ. Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection of lung slice cultures. Retrovirology 2015; 12:31. [PMID: 25889156 PMCID: PMC4419405 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the causative agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), a transmissible neoplastic disease of sheep. OPA is an economically important veterinary disease and is also a valuable naturally occurring animal model of human lung cancer, with which it shares a similar histological appearance and the activation of common cell signaling pathways. Interestingly, the JSRV Env protein is directly oncogenic and capable of driving cellular transformation in vivo and in vitro. Previous studies of JSRV infection in cell culture have been hindered by the lack of a permissive cell line for the virus. Here, we investigated the ability of JSRV to infect slices of ovine lung tissue cultured ex vivo. Results We describe the use of precision cut lung slices from healthy sheep to study JSRV infection and transformation ex vivo. Following optimization of the culture system we characterized JSRV infection of lung slices and compared the phenotype of infected cells to natural field cases and to experimentally-induced OPA tumors from sheep. JSRV was able to infect cells within lung slices, to produce new infectious virions and induce cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed that infected lung slice cells express markers of type II pneumocytes and phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2. These features closely resemble the phenotype of natural and experimentally-derived OPA in sheep, indicating that lung slice culture provides an authentic ex vivo model of OPA. Conclusions We conclude that we have established an ex vivo model of JSRV infection. This model will be valuable for future studies of JSRV replication and early events in oncogenesis and provides a novel platform for studies of JSRV-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Charline Alleaume
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Esther Bijsmans
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Henny M Martineau
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Jeanie Finlayson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - David J Griffiths
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
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13
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Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Nakano Y, Numano T, Furukawa F, Kishi S, Ninomiya F, Kanie S, Hitotsumachi H, Saoo K, Imaida K. Immunohistochemical characteristics of surfactant proteins a, B, C and d in inflammatory and tumorigenic lung lesions of f344 rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:175-82. [PMID: 25378802 PMCID: PMC4217230 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SPs), originally known as human lung surfactants, are essential to respiratory structure and function. There are 4 subtypes, SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D, with SP-A and SP-D having immunological functions, and SP-B and SP-C having physicochemical properties that reduce the surface tension at biological interfaces. In this experiment, the expressions of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D in lung neoplastic lesions induced by N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN) and inflammatory lesions due to quartz instillation were examined and compared immunohistochemically. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) lung samples featuring inflammation were obtained with a rat quartz instillation model, and neoplastic lesions, hyperplasias and adenomas, were obtained with the rat DHPN-induced lung carcinogenesis model. In the rat quartz instillation model, male 10-week old F344 rats were exposed by intratracheal instillation (IT) to quartz at a dose of 2 mg/rat suspended in saline (0.2 ml) on day 0, and sacrificed on day 28. Lung tumorigenesis in F344 male rats was initiated by DHPN in drinking water for 2 weeks, and the animals were then sacrificed in week 30. Lung proliferative lesions, hyperplasias and adenomas, were observed with DHPN, and inflammation was observed with quartz. The expressions of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D were examined immunohistochemically. SP-B and SP-C showed strong expression in lung hyperplasias and adenomas, while SP-A and SP-D were observed in mucus or exudates in inflammatory alveoli. These results suggest the possibility that SP-B and SP-C are related to lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takamasa Numano
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Fumio Furukawa
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Sosuke Kishi
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ninomiya
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hitotsumachi
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kousuke Saoo
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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14
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Sistiaga-Poveda M, Jugo BM. Evolutionary dynamics of endogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retroviruses proliferation in the domestic sheep, mouflon and Pyrenean chamois. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 112:571-8. [PMID: 24690757 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic exogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), responsible for ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, has several endogenous counterparts termed enJSRVs. Although many of these elements have been inactivated over time by the accumulation of deleterious mutations or internal recombination leading to solo long terminal repeat (LTR) formation, several members of enJSRVs have been identified as nearly intact and probably represent recent integration events. To determine the level of enJSRV polymorphism in the sheep population and related species, we have undertaken a study by characterizing enJSRVs copies and independent integration sites in six domestic sheep and two wild species of the sheep lineage. enJSRVs copies were detected by amplifying the env-LTR region by PCR, and for the detection of the insertion sites, we used two approaches: (1) an in silico approach based on the recently published Sheep Reference Genome Assembly (OARv3.0) and (2) an experimental approach based on PCR suppression and inverse PCR techniques. In total, 103 enJSRV sequences were generated across 10 individuals and enJSRV integrations were found on 11 of the 28 sheep chromosomes. These findings suggest that there are still uncharacterized enJSRVs, and that some of the integration sites are variable among the different species, breeds of the same species, subspecies and geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sistiaga-Poveda
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - B M Jugo
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Bolfa P, Nolf M, Cadoré JL, Catoi C, Archer F, Dolmazon C, Mornex JF, Leroux C. Interstitial lung disease associated with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus infection in horses. Vet Res 2013; 44:113. [PMID: 24289102 PMCID: PMC3879148 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
EIA (Equine Infectious Anemia) is a blood-borne disease primarily transmitted by haematophagous insects or needle punctures. Other routes of transmission have been poorly explored. We evaluated the potential of EIAV (Equine Infectious Anemia Virus) to induce pulmonary lesions in naturally infected equids. Lungs from 77 EIAV seropositive horses have been collected in Romania and France. Three types of lesions have been scored on paraffin-embedded lungs: lymphocyte infiltration, bronchiolar inflammation, and thickness of the alveolar septa. Expression of the p26 EIAV capsid (CA) protein has been evaluated by immunostaining. Compared to EIAV-negative horses, 52% of the EIAV-positive horses displayed a mild inflammation around the bronchioles, 22% had a moderate inflammation with inflammatory cells inside the wall and epithelial bronchiolar hyperplasia and 6.5% had a moderate to severe inflammation, with destruction of the bronchiolar epithelium and accumulation of smooth muscle cells within the pulmonary parenchyma. Changes in the thickness of the alveolar septa were also present. Expression of EIAV capsid has been evidenced in macrophages, endothelial as well as in alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells, as determined by their morphology and localization. To summarize, we found lesions of interstitial lung disease similar to that observed during other lentiviral infections such as FIV in cats, SRLV in sheep and goats or HIV in children. The presence of EIAV capsid in lung epithelial cells suggests that EIAV might be responsible for the broncho-interstitial damages observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Leroux
- UMR754, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, INRA, Lyon, France.
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16
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Archer F, Abi-Rizk A, Desloire S, Dolmazon C, Gineys B, Guiguen F, Cottin V, Mornex JF, Leroux C. Lung progenitors from lambs can differentiate into specialized alveolar or bronchiolar epithelial cells. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:224. [PMID: 24206786 PMCID: PMC3831758 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airways progenitors may be involved in embryogenesis and lung repair. The characterization of these important populations may enable development of new therapeutics to treat acute or chronic lung disease. In this study, we aimed to establish the presence of bronchioloalveolar progenitors in ovine lungs and to characterize their potential to differentiate into specialized cells. RESULTS Lung cells were studied using immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of the lung. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were conducted on ex-vivo derived pulmonary cells. The bronchioloalveolar progenitors were identified by their co-expression of CCSP, SP-C and CD34. A minor population of CD34(pos)/SP-C(pos)/CCSP(pos) cells (0.33% ± 0.31) was present ex vivo in cell suspensions from dissociated lungs. Using CD34 magnetic positive-cell sorting, undifferentiated SP-C(pos)/CCSP(pos) cells were purified (>80%) and maintained in culture. Using synthetic media and various extracellular matrices, SP-C(pos)/CCSP(pos) cells differentiated into either club cells (formerly named Clara cells) or alveolar epithelial type-II cells. Furthermore, these ex vivo and in vitro derived bronchioloalveolar progenitors expressed NANOG, OCT4 and BMI1, specifically described in progenitors or stem cells, and during lung development. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time in a large animal the existence of bronchioloalveolar progenitors with dual differentiation potential and the expression of specialized genes. These newly described cell population in sheep could be implicated in regeneration of the lung following lesions or in development of diseases such as cancers.
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17
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Copy number variation and differential expression of a protective endogenous retrovirus in sheep. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41965. [PMID: 22911867 PMCID: PMC3404005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus exJSRV and its endogenous counterpart enJSRV co-exist in sheep. exJSRV, a betaretrovirus, is the etiological agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and it has been demonstrated in vitro that an enJSRV Gag variant bearing the R-to-W amino acid change at position 21 was able to block exJSRV budding from the cells, providing a potential protective role for the host. In this work, we developed a fast mutation detection assay based on the oligo ligation assay (OLA) that permits the quantification of the relative proportions of the R21 and W21 Gag variants present in individual genomes and in cDNA obtained from normal and exJSRV-induced lung tumors. We have shown that the W21/R21 ratio is variable within and between breeds. We also describe for the first time that putative protecting enJSRV variants were expressed in alveolar type II cells (AECII), the major target of exJSRV.
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18
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Johnson C, Fan H. Three-dimensional culture of an ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma-derived cell line results in re-expression of surfactant proteins and Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. Virology 2011; 414:91-6. [PMID: 21481432 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the causative agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in sheep. A major interest is elucidating the mechanism(s) of transformation by the viral envelope (Env) that functions as an oncogene. These studies would benefit from a cell line derived from type II pneumocytes that have maintained the differentiation state. In this study we used an OPA-derived cell line (JS7), which has lost structural and functional properties of type II pneumocytes, and no longer expresses JSRV when grown in 2-D monolayer culture. When JS7 cells were placed in 3-D culture using Matrigel, they grew as small spheres of polarized cells that re-expressed surfactant proteins characteristic of type II pneumocytes. Moreover, JS7 cells grown in 3-D re-expressed JSRV virus by several criteria. This study underscores the importance of the culture environment on maintaining the differentiation state of OPA tumor cells as well as expression of JSRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chassidy Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Cancer Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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19
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Martineau HM, Cousens C, Imlach S, Dagleish MP, Griffiths DJ. Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infects multiple cell types in the ovine lung. J Virol 2011; 85:3341-55. [PMID: 21270155 PMCID: PMC3067841 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02481-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a transmissible lung cancer of sheep caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). The details of early events in the pathogenesis of OPA are not fully understood. For example, the identity of the JSRV target cell in the lung has not yet been determined. Mature OPA tumors express surfactant protein-C (SP-C) or Clara cell-specific protein (CCSP), which are specific markers of type II pneumocytes or Clara cells, respectively. However, it is unclear whether these are the cell types initially infected and transformed by JSRV or whether the virus targets stem cells in the lung that subsequently acquire a differentiated phenotype during tumor growth. To examine this question, JSRV-infected lung tissue from experimentally infected lambs was studied at early time points after infection. Single JSRV-infected cells were detectable 10 days postinfection in bronchiolar and alveolar regions. These infected cells were labeled with anti-SP-C or anti-CCSP antibodies, indicating that differentiated epithelial cells are early targets for JSRV infection in the ovine lung. In addition, undifferentiated cells that expressed neither SP-C nor CCSP were also found to express the JSRV Env protein. These results enhance the understanding of OPA pathogenesis and may have comparative relevance to human lung cancer, for which samples representing early stages of tumor growth are difficult to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henny M. Martineau
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Imlach
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Griffiths
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom
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20
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Johnson C, Jahid S, Voelker DR, Fan H. Enhanced proliferation of primary rat type II pneumocytes by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus envelope protein. Virology 2011; 412:349-56. [PMID: 21316726 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the causative agent of a contagious lung cancer in sheep. The envelope protein (Env) is the oncogene, as it can transform cell lines in culture and induce tumors in animals, although the mechanisms for transformation are not yet clear because a system to perform transformation assays in differentiated type II pneumocytes does not exist. In this study we report culture of primary rat type II pneumocytes in conditions that favor prolonged expression of markers for type II pneumocytes. Env-expressing cultures formed more colonies that were larger in size and were viable for longer periods of time compared to vector control samples. The cells that remained in culture longer were confirmed to be derived from type II pneumocytes because they expressed surfactant protein C, cytokeratin, displayed alkaline phosphatase activity and were positive for Nile red. This system will be useful to study JSRV Env in the targets of transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chassidy Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Cancer Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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21
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Griffiths D, Martineau H, Cousens C. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2010; 142:260-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Walsh SR, Linnerth-Petrik NM, Laporte AN, Menzies PI, Foster RA, Wootton SK. Full-length genome sequence analysis of enzootic nasal tumor virus reveals an unusually high degree of genetic stability. Virus Res 2010; 151:74-87. [PMID: 20398709 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) is a betaretrovirus of sheep (ENTV-1) and goats (ENTV-2) associated with neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells of the ethmoid turbinate. Confirmation of the role of ENTV in the pathogenesis of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) has yet to be resolved due to the lack of an infectious molecular clone and the inability to culture the virus. Very little is known about the prevalence of this disease, particularly in North America, and only one full-length sequence is available for each of ENTV-1 and ENTV-2. In order to understand the molecular evolution of ENTV-1, the full-length genome sequence of ten ENTV-1 proviruses derived from clinical samples of ENA isolated from conventionally reared sheep in Canada and the United States was determined. The North American ENTV-1 (ENTV-1(NA)) genomes shared greater than 96% sequence identity with the European ENTV-1 sequence (ENTV-1(EU)). Most of the amino acid differences were found in Orf-x, which in the corresponding ENTV-1(EU) genome is truncated by 44 amino acids. Apart from Orf-x, the long terminal repeat (LTR) is where the majority of differences between ENTV-1(NA) and ENTV-1(EU) reside. Overall, there was an unusually high degree of amino acid conservation among the isolates suggesting that ENTV-1 is under stabilizing selection and K(a)/K(s) ratios calculated for each of the viral genes support this hypothesis. The unusually high degree of genetic stability of the ENTV-1 genome enabled us to develop a hemi-nested PCR assay for detection of ENTV-1 in clinical samples. Additionally, multiple nasal tumor cell clones were established and while most had lost the provirus by passage 5; one polyclonal line retained the provirus and attempts are being made to culture these cells. These tumor cells, the first of their kind, may provide a system for studying ENTV-1 in vitro. This work represents an important step in the study of ENTV and sets the foundation for the construction of an infectious molecular clone of ENTV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Walsh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Varela M, Golder M, Archer F, de las Heras M, Leroux C, Palmarini M. A large animal model to evaluate the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Virology 2007; 371:206-15. [PMID: 17961623 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring lung cancer of sheep caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). The JSRV envelope glycoprotein (Env) functions as a dominant oncoprotein in vitro and in vivo. In order to develop the basis for the use of OPA as a lung cancer model, we screened a variety of signal transduction inhibitors for their ability to block transformation by the JSRV Env. Most inhibitors were not effective in blocking JSRV Env-induced transformation. On the contrary, various Hsp90 inhibitors efficiently blocked JSRV transformation. This phenomenon was at least partly due to Akt degradation, which is activated in JSRV-transformed cells. Hsp90 was found expressed in tumor cells of sheep with naturally occurring OPA. In addition, Hsp90 inhibitors specifically inhibited proliferation of immortalized and moreover primary cells derived from OPA tumors. Thus, OPA could be used as a large animal model for comprehensive studies investigating the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Varela
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
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Leroux C, Girard N, Cottin V, Greenland T, Mornex JF, Archer F. Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV): from virus to lung cancer in sheep. Vet Res 2007; 38:211-28. [PMID: 17257570 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) is a betaretrovirus infecting sheep. This virus is responsible for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, by transformation of epithelial cells from the bronchioli and alveoli. This animal cancer is similar to human bronchioloalveolar cancer (BAC), a specific form of human lung cancer for which a viral aetiology has not yet been identified. JSRV interacts with target cells through the membrane receptor Hyal2. The JSRV genome is simple and contains no recognised oncogene. It is now well established that the viral envelope protein is oncogenic by itself, via the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein and some domains of the surface glycoprotein. Activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways participates in the envelope-induced transformation. Tumour development is associated with telomerase activation. This review will focus on the induction of cancer by JSRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leroux
- Université de Lyon 1, INRA, UMR754, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, IFR 128, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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