1
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Xu H, Pan G, Wang J. Repairing Mechanisms for Distal Airway Injuries and Related Targeted Therapeutics for Chronic Lung Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231196489. [PMID: 37698245 PMCID: PMC10498699 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), involve progressive and irreversible destruction and pathogenic remodeling of airways and have become the leading health care burden worldwide. Pulmonary tissue has extensive capacities to launch injury-responsive repairing programs (IRRPs) to replace the damaged or dead cells upon acute lung injuries. However, the IRRPs are frequently compromised in chronic lung diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of somatic stem cell subpopulations within distal airway epithelium and the underlying mechanisms mediating their self-renewal and trans-differentiation under both physiological and pathological circumstances. We also compared the differences between humans and mice on distal airway structure and stem cell composition. At last, we reviewed the current status and future directions for the development of targeted therapeutics on defective distal airway regeneration and repairment in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Tirelli C, Pesenti C, Miozzo M, Mondoni M, Fontana L, Centanni S. The Genetic and Epigenetic Footprint in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis: A State-of-the-Art Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123107. [PMID: 36553114 PMCID: PMC9777399 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare disease of the lung with a largely unknown etiology and a poor prognosis. Intriguingly, forms of familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) have long been known and linked to specific genetic mutations. There is little evidence of the possible role of genetics in the etiology of sporadic IPF. We carried out a non-systematic, narrative literature review aimed at describing the main known genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of IPF and FPF. In this review, we highlighted the mutations in classical genes associated with FPF, including those encoding for telomerases (TERT, TERC, PARN, RTEL1), which are also found in about 10-20% of cases of sporadic IPF. In addition to the Mendelian forms, mutations in the genes encoding for the surfactant proteins (SFTPC, SFTPA1, SFTPA2, ABCA3) and polymorphisms of genes for the mucin MUC5B and the Toll-interacting protein TOLLIP are other pathways favoring the fibrogenesis that have been thoroughly explored. Moreover, great attention has been paid to the main epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA gene silencing) that are emerging to play a role in fibrogenesis. Finally, a gaze on the shared mechanisms between cancer and fibrogenesis, and future perspectives on the genetics of pulmonary fibrosis have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tirelli
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Pesenti
- Medical Genetics Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mondoni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Centanni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
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3
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Zhang R, Jing W, Chen C, Zhang S, Abdalla M, Sun P, Wang G, You W, Yang Z, Zhang J, Tang C, Du W, Liu Y, Li X, Liu J, You X, Hu H, Cai L, Xu F, Dong B, Liu M, Qiang B, Sun Y, Yu G, Wu J, Zhao K, Jiang X. Inhaled mRNA Nanoformulation with Biogenic Ribosomal Protein Reverses Established Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Bleomycin-Induced Murine Model. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107506. [PMID: 35146813 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a lethal respiratory disease with few treatment options, occurs due to repetitive microinjuries to alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and progresses with an overwhelming deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), ultimately resulting in fibrotic scars and destroyed the alveolar architecture. Here, an inhaled ribosomal protein-based mRNA nanoformulation is reported for clearing the intrapulmonary ECM and re-epithelializing the disrupted alveolar epithelium, thereby reversing established fibrotic foci in IPF. The nanoformulation is sequentially assembled by a ribosomal protein-condensed mRNA core, a bifunctional peptide-modified corona and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) with a PEGylated shielding shell. When inhaled via a nebulizer, the nanoformulations carried by microdrops are deposited in the alveoli, and penetrate into fibrotic foci, where the outer KGFs are detached after matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) triggering. The RGD motif-grafted cores then expose and specifically target the integrin-elevated cells for the intracellular delivery of mRNA. Notably, repeated inhalation of the nanoformulations accelerates the clearance of locoregional collagen by boosting the intralesional expression of MMP13 and alveolar re-epithelialization mediated by KGFs, which synergistically ameliorates the lung function of a bleomycin-induced murine model. Therefore, this work provides an alternative mRNA-inhalation delivery strategy, which shows great potential for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Weiqiang Jing
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chen Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shengchang Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ganyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenjie You
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Zhenmei Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunwei Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Du
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ying Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jitian Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaona You
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Fengbo Xu
- Yinfeng Biological Group Co., LTD., Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Baixiang Dong
- Yinfeng Biological Group Co., LTD., Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Minglu Liu
- Bellastem Biotechnology Limited, Gaomi, 261500, China
| | | | - Yanhua Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microparticles Drug Delivery Technology, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., LtD, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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Ruigrok MJ, Frijlink HW, Melgert BN, Olinga P, Hinrichs WL. Gene therapy strategies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent advances, current challenges, and future directions. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:483-496. [PMID: 33614824 PMCID: PMC7868939 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease in which the lungs become irreversibly scarred, leading to declining lung function. As currently available drugs do not cure IPF, there remains a great medical need for more effective treatments. Perhaps this need could be addressed by gene therapies, which offer powerful and versatile ways to attenuate a wide range of processes involved in fibrosis. Despite the potential benefits of gene therapy, no one has reviewed the current state of knowledge regarding its application for treating IPF. We therefore analyzed publications that reported the use of gene therapies to treat pulmonary fibrosis in animals, as clinical studies have not been published yet. In this review, we first provide an introduction on the pathophysiology of IPF and the most well-established gene therapy approaches. We then present a comprehensive evaluation of published animal studies, after which we provide recommendations for future research to address challenges with respect to the selection and use of animal models as well as the development of delivery vectors and dosage forms. Addressing these considerations will bring gene therapies one step closer to clinical testing and thus closer to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel J.R. Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henderik W. Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbro N. Melgert
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L.J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Zhou C, Chen Y, Kang W, Lv H, Fang Z, Yan F, Li L, Zhang W, Shi J. Mir-455-3p-1 represses FGF7 expression to inhibit pulmonary arterial hypertension through inhibiting the RAS/ERK signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:23-35. [PMID: 30858037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of miR-455-3p-1 and its possible mechanisms in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS A microarray assay was used to examine the expressed genes between normal and PAH. The expressed genes in PAH was assessed by qRT-PCR. The targeted interaction between miRNAs and FGF7 was confirmed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. A CCK-8 assay and cell count were used to analyze the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) activity and proliferation level, respectively. Apoptotic PASMCs were detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of RAS/ERK signaling pathway were determined by qRT-PCR and a Western blot assay, respectively. A PAH rat model was used to identify the effects of miR-455-3p-1 in vivo. RESULTS FGF7 was upregulated in PAH. MiR-455-3p-1 was downregulated in PAH. MiR-455-3p-1 targeted FGF7. MiR-455-3p-1 decreased the expression of FGF7. Moreover, the effect of FGF7 on PASMCs was suppressed by miR-455-3p-1. MiR-455-3p-1 upregulation was associated with reduced mRNA and protein levels of core RAS/ERK signal genes, suggesting the inhibition of the RAS/ERK pathway. Furthermore, miR-455-3p-1 upregulation improved the RVSP, mPAP, ratio of RV/LV + S, CO and RV function of PAH rat model in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate a role for miR-455-3p-1 in modulating FGF7-RAS/ERK signaling and suggest that an agomir of miR-455-3p-1 could inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs and mitigate PAH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenying Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhongrong Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fuxia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lihuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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Mora AL, Rojas M, Pardo A, Selman M. Emerging therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive age-related disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:810. [PMID: 29081515 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Oki H, Yazawa T, Baba Y, Kanegae Y, Sato H, Sakamoto S, Goto T, Saito I, Kurahashi K. Adenovirus vector expressing keratinocyte growth factor using CAG promoter impairs pulmonary function of mice with elastase-induced emphysema. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:264-271. [PMID: 28543309 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema impairs quality of life and increases mortality. It has previously been shown that administration of adenovirus vector expressing murine keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) before elastase instillation prevents pulmonary emphysema in mice. We therefore hypothesized that therapeutic administration of KGF would restore damage to lungs caused by elastase instillation and thus improve pulmonary function in an animal model. KGF expressing adenovirus vector, which prevented bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a previous study, was constructed. Adenovirus vector (1.0 × 109 plaque-forming units) was administered intratracheally one week after administration of elastase into mouse lungs. One week after administration of KGF-vector, exercise tolerance testing and blood gas analysis were performed, after which the lungs were removed under deep anesthesia. KGF-positive pneumocytes were more numerous, surfactant protein secretion in the airspace greater and mean linear intercept of lungs shorter in animals that had received KGF than in control animals. Unexpectedly, however, arterial blood oxygenation was worse in the KGF group and maximum running speed, an indicator of exercise capacity, had not improved after KGF in mice with elastase-induced emphysema, indicating that KGF-expressing adenovirus vector impaired pulmonary function in these mice. Notably, vector lacking KGF-expression unit did not induce such impairment, implying that the KGF expression unit itself may cause the damage to alveolar cells. Possible involvement of the CAG promoter used for KGF expression in impairing pulmonary function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Oki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Yasuko Baba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Sato
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Seiko Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Takahisa Goto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Izumu Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoyasu Kurahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
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Mora AL, Rojas M, Pardo A, Selman M. Emerging therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive age-related disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:755-772. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Pociask DA, Robinson KM, Chen K, McHugh KJ, Clay ME, Huang GT, Benos PV, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Kolls JK, Anathy V, Alcorn JF. Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Regulation of Lung Repair during Recovery from Influenza Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:851-863. [PMID: 28193481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza is a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most people infected with influenza virus display mild-to-moderate disease phenotypes and recover within a few weeks. Influenza is known to cause persistent alveolitis in animal models; however, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in this phenotype. We challenged C57BL/6 mice with influenza A/PR/8/34 and examined lung pathologic processes and inflammation, as well as transcriptomic and epigenetic changes at 21 to 60 days after infection. Influenza induced persistent parenchymal lung inflammation, alveolar epithelial metaplasia, and epithelial endoplasmic reticulum stress that were evident after the clearance of virus and resolution of morbidity. Influenza infection induced robust changes in the lung transcriptome, including a significant impact on inflammatory and extracellular matrix protein expression. Despite the robust changes in lung gene expression, preceding influenza (21 days) did not exacerbate secondary Staphylococcus aureus infection. Finally, we examined the impact of influenza on miRNA expression in the lung and found an increase in miR-155. miR-155 knockout mice recovered from influenza infection faster than controls and had decreased lung inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These data illuminate the dynamic molecular changes in the lung in the weeks after influenza infection and characterize the repair process, identifying a novel role for miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Pociask
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Richard K. Mellon Foundation Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Keven M Robinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kong Chen
- Richard K. Mellon Foundation Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle E Clay
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace T Huang
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; PhD Program in Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Panayiotis V Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard K. Mellon Foundation Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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10
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Kotarkonda LK, Kulshrestha R, Ravi K. Role of insulin like growth factor axis in the bleomycin induced lung injury in rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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El Agha E, Seeger W, Bellusci S. Therapeutic and pathological roles of fibroblast growth factors in pulmonary diseases. Dev Dyn 2016; 246:235-244. [PMID: 27783451 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) constitute a large family of polypeptides that are involved in many biological processes, ranging from prenatal cell-fate specification and organogenesis to hormonal and metabolic regulation in postnatal life. During embryonic development, these growth factors are important mediators of the crosstalk among ectoderm-, mesoderm-, and endoderm-derived cells, and they instruct the spatial and temporal growth of organs and tissues such as the brain, bone, lung, gut, and others. The involvement of FGFs in postnatal lung homeostasis is a growing field, and there is emerging literature about their roles in lung pathophysiology. In this review, the involvement of FGF signaling in a wide array of lung diseases will be summarized. Developmental Dynamics 246:235-244, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Uzunhan Y, Bernard O, Marchant D, Dard N, Vanneaux V, Larghero J, Gille T, Clerici C, Valeyre D, Nunes H, Boncoeur E, Planès C. Mesenchymal stem cells protect from hypoxia-induced alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L439-51. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00117.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) reduces lung inflammation, fibrosis, and mortality in animal models of lung injury, by a mechanism not completely understood. We investigated whether hMSC would prevent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by hypoxia in primary rat alveolar epithelial cell (AEC). In AEC cultured on semipermeable filters, prolonged hypoxic exposure (1.5% O2 for up to 12 days) induced phenotypic changes consistent with EMT, i.e., a change in cell morphology, a decrease in transepithelial resistance (Rte) and in the expression of epithelial markers [zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), E-cadherin, AQP-5, TTF-1], together with an increase in mesenchymal markers [vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)]. Expression of transcription factors driving EMT such as SNAIL1, ZEB1, and TWIST1 increased after 2, 24, and 48 h of hypoxia, respectively. Hypoxia also induced TGF-β1 mRNA expression and the secretion of active TGF-β1 in apical medium, and the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), two inducers of EMT. Coculture of AEC with hMSC partially prevented the decrease in Rte and in ZO-1, E-cadherin, and TTF-1 expression, and the increase in vimentin expression induced by hypoxia. It also abolished the increase in TGF-β1 expression and in TGF-β1-induced genes ZEB1, TWIST1, and CTGF. Finally, incubation with human recombinant KGF at a concentration similar to what was measured in hMSC-conditioned media restored the expression of TTF-1 and prevented the increase in TWIST1, TGF-β1, and CTGF in hypoxic AEC. Our results indicate that hMSC prevent hypoxia-induced alveolar EMT through the paracrine modulation of EMT signaling pathways and suggest that this effect is partly mediated by KGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurdagül Uzunhan
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Marchant
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
| | - Nicolas Dard
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
| | - Valérie Vanneaux
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et CIC de Biothérapies, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et CIC de Biothérapies, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Gille
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Christine Clerici
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U1152, Paris, France; and
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Hilario Nunes
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Emilie Boncoeur
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
| | - Carole Planès
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
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13
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Nogo-B protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12061. [PMID: 26174362 PMCID: PMC4502524 DOI: 10.1038/srep12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo-B, a member of the reticulon 4 protein family, plays a critical role in tissue repair and acute inflammation. Its role in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. Here, we assessed the function of Nogo-B during tissue injury in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. We found that pulmonary Nogo-B was significantly repressed after LPS instillation in C57BL/6 mice. Over-expression of pulmonary Nogo-B using an adenovirus vector carrying the Nogo-B-RFP-3flag gene (Ad-Nogo-B) significantly prolonged the survival of mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS. The Ad-Nogo-B-treated mice also had less severe lung injury, less alveolar protein exudation, and a higher number of macrophages but less neutrophil infiltration compared with Ad-RFP-treated mice. Interestingly, microarray analysis showed that the Ad-Nogo-B-treated mice had different gene expression profiles compared with the controls and the prominent expression of genes related to wound healing and the humoral immune response after LPS induction. Of the 49 differently expressed genes, we found that the expression of PTX3 was significantly up-regulated following Nogo-B over-expression as observed in lung tissues and RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, Nogo-B plays a protective role against LPS-induced ALI, and this effect might be exerted through the modulation of alveolar macrophage recruitment and PTX3 production.
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Tobinaga S, Matsumoto K, Nagayasu T, Furukawa K, Abo T, Yamasaki N, Tsuchiya T, Miyazaki T, Koji T. Keratinocyte Growth Factor Gene Electroporation into Skeletal Muscle as a Novel Gene Therapeutic Approach for Elastase-Induced Pulmonary Emphysema in Mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:83-94. [PMID: 26160987 PMCID: PMC4491498 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a progressive disease with airspace destruction and an effective therapy is needed. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) promotes pulmonary epithelial proliferation and has the potential to induce lung regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using KGF gene therapy for treatment of a mouse emphysema model induced by porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). Eight-week-old BALB/c male mice treated with intra-tracheal PPE administration were transfected with 80 μg of a recombinant human KGF (rhKGF)-expressing FLAG-CMV14 plasmid (pKGF-FLAG gene), or with the pFLAG gene expressing plasmid as a control, into the quadriceps muscle by electroporation. In the lung, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was augmented, and surfactant protein A (SP-A) and KGF receptor (KGFR) were co-expressed in PCNA-positive cells. Moreover, endogenous KGF and KGFR gene expression increased significantly by pKGF-FLAG gene transfection. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed that the PaO2 level was not significantly reduced on day 14 after PPE instillation with pKGF-FLAG gene transfection compared to that of normal mice. These results indicated that KGF gene therapy with electroporation stimulated lung epithelial proliferation and protected depression of pulmonary function in a mouse emphysema model, suggesting a possible method of treating pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tobinaga
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Katsuro Furukawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takafumi Abo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Naoya Yamasaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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MacKenzie B, Henneke I, Hezel S, Al Alam D, El Agha E, Chao CM, Quantius J, Wilhelm J, Jones M, Goth K, Li X, Seeger W, Königshoff M, Herold S, Rizvanov AA, Günther A, Bellusci S. Attenuating endogenous Fgfr2b ligands during bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis does not compromise murine lung repair. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1014-24. [PMID: 25820524 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00291.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) mediate organ repair. Lung epithelial cell overexpression of Fgf10 postbleomycin injury is both protective and therapeutic, characterized by increased survival and attenuated fibrosis. Exogenous administration of FGF7 (palifermin) also showed prophylactic survival benefits in mice. The role of endogenous Fgfr2b ligands on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is still elusive. This study reports the expression of endogenous Fgfr2b ligands, receptors, and signaling targets in wild-type mice following bleomycin lung injury. In addition, the impact of attenuating endogenous Fgfr2b-ligands following bleomycin-induced fibrosis was tested by using a doxycycline (dox)-based inducible, soluble, dominant-negative form of the Fgfr2b receptor. Double-transgenic (DTG) Rosa26(rtTA/+);tet(O)solFgfr2b mice were validated for the expression and activity of soluble Fgfr2b (failure to regenerate maxillary incisors, attenuated recombinant FGF7 signal in the lung). As previously reported, no defects in lung morphometry were detected in DTG (+dox) mice exposed from postnatal days (PN) 1 through PN105. Female single-transgenic (STG) and DTG mice were subjected to various levels of bleomycin injury (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 U/kg). Fgfr2b ligands were attenuated either throughout injury (days 0-11; days 0-28) or during later stages (days 6-28 and 14-28). No significant changes in survival, weight, lung function, confluent areas of fibrosis, or hydroxyproline deposition were detected in DTG mice. These results indicate that endogenous Fgfr2b ligands do not significantly protect against bleomycin injury, nor do they expedite the resolution of bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- BreAnne MacKenzie
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Henneke
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hezel
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Surgery, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elie El Agha
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Quantius
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Matthew Jones
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Goth
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, China
| | - Werner Seeger
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andreas Günther
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany; AGAPLESION Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany; Developmental Biology Program, Division of Surgery, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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16
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Guzy RD, Stoilov I, Elton TJ, Mecham RP, Ornitz DM. Fibroblast growth factor 2 is required for epithelial recovery, but not for pulmonary fibrosis, in response to bleomycin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:116-28. [PMID: 24988442 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0184oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis involves lung epithelial injury and aberrant proliferation of fibroblasts, and results in progressive pulmonary scarring and declining lung function. In vitro, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 promotes myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation in cooperation with the profibrotic growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, but the in vivo requirement for FGF2 in the development of pulmonary fibrosis is not known. The bleomycin model of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis was applied to Fgf2 knockout (Fgf2(-/-)) and littermate control mice. Weight loss, mortality, pulmonary fibrosis, and histology were analyzed after a single intranasal dose of bleomycin. Inflammation was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and epithelial barrier integrity was assessed by measuring BAL protein and Evans Blue dye permeability. Fgf2 is expressed in mouse and human lung epithelial and inflammatory cells, and, in response to bleomycin, Fgf2(-/-) mice have significantly increased mortality and weight loss. Analysis of BAL fluid and histology show that pulmonary fibrosis is unaltered, but Fgf2(-/-) mice fail to efficiently resolve inflammation, have increased BAL cellularity, and, importantly, deficient recovery of epithelial integrity. Fgf2(-/-) mice similarly have deficient recovery of club cell secretory protein(+) bronchial epithelium in response to naphthalene. We conclude that FGF2 is not required for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but rather is essential for epithelial repair and maintaining epithelial integrity after bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. These data identify that FGF2 acts as a protective growth factor after lung epithelial injury, and call into question the role of FGF2 as a profibrotic growth factor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Guzy
- Departments of 1 Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
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17
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Shen Q, Chen B, Xiao Z, Zhao L, Xu X, Wan X, Jin M, Dai J, Dai H. Paracrine factors from mesenchymal stem cells attenuate epithelial injury and lung fibrosis. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2831-7. [PMID: 25514921 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine factors are currently considered to be the major mechanism through which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert their actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of conditioned medium (CM) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on bleomycin (BLM)‑induced lung injury and fibrosis, both in vitro and in vivo. A549 human non‑small cell lung cancer epithelial cells were cultured in serum‑free medium, or MSC‑CM, both with or without BLM. The protective effects of MSC‑CM was determined by MTT assay to assess cell viability and Annexin V‑PE to assess apoptosis. Rats were intratracheally injected with MSC‑CM, saline, or conditioned medium from fibroblasts on day 0 and day 3 after intratracheal administration of BLM, and were sacrificed on day 28. Lung injury and fibrosis were assessed by histological assessment, Ashcroft score, and hydroxyproline assay; lung cell apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. In comparison to the control group (0.17±0.01), 8 and 16% MSC‑CM had a significant stimulatory effect on A549 cellular proliferation (0.24±0.03 and 0.24±0.04, respectively, P<0.01). A549 cells cultured with MSC‑CM were protected from BLM‑induced apoptosis, 23.43±3.76% vs. 38.06±4.32%; (P<0.05). In the BLM‑challenged rats, MSC‑CM was shown to protect against lung fibrosis in terms of lung inflammation, fibrotic scores, collagen deposition, and cell apoptosis. This data suggests that MSCs are capable of protecting against lung injury and fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo through a paracrine anti‑inflammatory mechanism. MSC‑CM may provide a novel approach for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Mulan Jin
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Finch PW, Mark Cross LJ, McAuley DF, Farrell CL. Palifermin for the protection and regeneration of epithelial tissues following injury: new findings in basic research and pre-clinical models. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 17:1065-87. [PMID: 24151975 PMCID: PMC4118166 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a paracrine-acting epithelial mitogen produced by cells of mesenchymal origin, that plays an important role in protecting and repairing epithelial tissues. Pre-clinical data initially demonstrated that a recombinant truncated KGF (palifermin) could reduce gastrointestinal injury and mortality resulting from a variety of toxic exposures. Furthermore, the use of palifermin in patients with hematological malignancies reduced the incidence and duration of severe oral mucositis experienced after intensive chemoradiotherapy. Based upon these findings, as well as the observation that KGF receptors are expressed in many, if not all, epithelial tissues, pre-clinical studies have been conducted to determine the efficacy of palifermin in protecting different epithelial tissues from toxic injury in an attempt to model various clinical situations in which it might prove to be of benefit in limiting tissue damage. In this article, we review these studies to provide the pre-clinical background for clinical trials that are described in the accompanying article and the rationale for additional clinical applications of palifermin.
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19
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Chen J, Li C, Gao X, Li C, Liang Z, Yu L, Li Y, Xiao X, Chen L. Keratinocyte growth factor gene delivery via mesenchymal stem cells protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83303. [PMID: 24367590 PMCID: PMC3867420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and have no specific therapy. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a critical factor for pulmonary epithelial repair and acts via the stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proved as good therapeutic vectors. Thus, we hypothesized that MSC-based KGF gene therapy would have beneficial effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced lung injury. After two hours of intratracheal LPS administration to induce lung injury, mice received saline, MSCs alone, empty vector-engineered MSCs (MSCs-vec) or KGF-engineered MSCs (MSCs-kgf) via the tail vein. The MSCs-kgf could be detected in the recipient lungs and the level of KGF expression significantly increased in the MSCs-kgf mice. The MSC-mediated administration of KGF not only improved pulmonary microvascular permeability but also mediated a down-regulation of proinflammatory responses (reducing IL-1β and TNF-α) and an up-regulation of anti-inflammatory responses (increasing cytokine IL-10). Furthermore, the total severity scores of lung injury were significantly reduced in the MSCs-kgf group compared with the other three groups. The underlying mechanism of the protective effect of KGF on ALI may be attributed to the promotion of type II lung epithelial cell proliferation and the enhancement of surfactant synthesis. These findings suggest that MSCs-based KGF gene therapy may be a promising strategy for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Uhal BD, Nguyen H. The Witschi Hypothesis revisited after 35 years: genetic proof from SP-C BRICHOS domain mutations. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L906-11. [PMID: 24142519 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00246.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 35 years ago, Wanda Haschek and Hanspeter Witschi published a theory for the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis that dared to challenge the longstanding view of lung fibrosis as an "inflammatory disease." On the basis of considerable experimental evidence, they proposed that lung fibrosis was initiated and propagated by microfoci of epithelial damage that, if unrepaired, upset the normal epithelial-fibroblast balance to create profibrotic microenvironments, without any obligatory contribution of "inflammatory" cells. Unfortunately, this theory was largely overlooked for many years. In the meantime, the repeated failure of attempts to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with anti-inflammatory regimens has led some investigators to revive the theory referred to, in decades past, as "The Witschi Hypothesis." This manuscript briefly reviews more recent evidence in support of the "Severity of Epithelial Injury" Hypothesis proposed by Haschek and Witschi. More important, it offers the updated viewpoint that mutations in the BRICHOS domain of surfactant protein C, which cause interstitial lung disease and induce cell death specifically in lung epithelial cells, in effect provide genetic proof that the Witschi Hypothesis is indeed the correct theory to explain the pathogenesis of fibrosis in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Uhal
- Dept. of Physiology, Michigan State Univ., 3197 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824.
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21
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Association between fibroblast growth factor 7 and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:998-1003. [PMID: 22796760 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes, including lung disease. However, relatively little is known about the effect of FGF7 gene polymorphisms on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) susceptibility. This study aimed to investigate the association between FGF7 polymorphisms with COPD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 279 COPD patients and 367 age- and gender-distribution-matched control subjects. The tagging SNPs rs10519225 and rs7170426 in FGF7 were genotyped by SNaPshot. The associations of each SNP genotype and haplotype constructed by these loci with COPD were analyzed. RESULTS A multivariate analysis showed that rs10519225 was significantly associated with an increased risk of COPD (P=0.011, OR=1.535, FDR q=0.022), whereas no association was found for rs7170426. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that these loci were in weak LD, with an r(2) of 0.033 and a D' of 0.232 (95% CI: 0.150-0.520). The haplotype constructed by allele G at rs10519225 and allele A at rs7170426 was associated with a decreased susceptibility to COPD (P=0.012, OR=0.751, FDR q=0.048). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that FGF7 may be one susceptibility factor for COPD.
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Kim SY, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Park MK, Huh JW, Ro JY, Oh YM, Lee SD, Lee YS. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media recovers lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L891-908. [PMID: 22307909 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00288.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes apoptotic death, senescence, and impairment of repair functions in lung fibroblasts, which maintain the integrity of alveolar structure by producing extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, recovery of lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage may be crucial in regeneration of emphysematous lung resulting from degradation of ECM proteins and subsequent loss of alveolar cells. Recently, we reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media (MSC-CM) led to angiogenesis and regeneration of lung damaged by cigarette smoke. In this study, to further investigate reparative mechanisms for MSC-CM-mediated lung repair, we attempted to determine whether MSC-CM can recover lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage. In lung fibroblasts exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), MSC-CM, not only inhibited apoptotic death, but also induced cell proliferation and reversed CSE-induced changes in the levels of caspase-3, p53, p21, p27, Akt, and p-Akt. MSC-CM also restored expression of ECM proteins and collagen gel contraction while suppressing CSE-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE(2) synthase-2. The CSE-opposing effects of MSC-CM on cell fate, expression of ECM proteins, and collagen gel contraction were partially inhibited by LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. In rats, MSC-CM administration also resulted in elevation of p-Akt and restored proliferation of lung fibroblasts, which was suppressed by exposure to cigarette smoke. Taken together, these data suggest that MSC-CM may recover lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage, possibly through inhibition of apoptosis, induction of proliferation, and restoration of lung fibroblast repair function, which are mediated in part by the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yong Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon
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