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Allinne J, Scott G, Lim WK, Birchard D, Erjefält JS, Sandén C, Ben LH, Agrawal A, Kaur N, Kim JH, Kamat V, Fury W, Huang T, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. IL-33 blockade affects mediators of persistence and exacerbation in a model of chronic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1624-1637.e10. [PMID: 31562870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe inflammatory airway diseases are associated with inflammation that does not resolve, leading to structural changes and an overall environment primed for exacerbations. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and inhibit pathways that perpetuate this heightened inflammatory state because this could lead to therapies that allow for a more quiescent lung that is less predisposed to symptoms and exacerbations. METHODS Using prolonged exposure to house dust mite in mice, we developed a mouse model of persistent and exacerbating airway disease characterized by a mixed inflammatory phenotype. RESULTS We show that lung IL-33 drives inflammation and remodeling beyond the type 2 response classically associated with IL-33 signaling. IL-33 blockade with an IL-33 neutralizing antibody normalized established inflammation and improved remodeling of both the lung epithelium and lung parenchyma. Specifically, IL-33 blockade normalized persisting and exacerbating inflammatory end points, including eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and ST2+CD4+ T-cell infiltration. Importantly, we identified a key role for IL-33 in driving lung remodeling because anti-IL-33 also re-established the presence of ciliated cells over mucus-producing cells and decreased myofibroblast numbers, even in the context of continuous allergen exposure, resulting in improved lung function. CONCLUSION Overall, this study shows that increased IL-33 levels drive a self-perpetuating amplification loop that maintains the lung in a state of lasting inflammation and remodeled tissue primed for exacerbations. Thus IL-33 blockade might ameliorate symptoms and prevent exacerbations by quelling persistent inflammation and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Medetect AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
| | | | - Neil Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
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Liu TC, Kern JT, VanDussen KL, Xiong S, Kaiko GE, Wilen CB, Rajala MW, Caruso R, Holtzman MJ, Gao F, McGovern DP, Nunez G, Head RD, Stappenbeck TS. Interaction between smoking and ATG16L1T300A triggers Paneth cell defects in Crohn's disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5110-5122. [PMID: 30137026 DOI: 10.1172/jci120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that subtyping of complex inflammatory diseases can be based on genetic susceptibility and relevant environmental exposure (G+E). We propose that using matched cellular phenotypes in human subjects and corresponding preclinical models with the same G+E combinations is useful to this end. As an example, defective Paneth cells can subtype Crohn's disease (CD) subjects; Paneth cell defects have been linked to multiple CD susceptibility genes and are associated with poor outcome. We hypothesized that CD susceptibility genes interact with cigarette smoking, a major CD environmental risk factor, to trigger Paneth cell defects. We found that both CD subjects and mice with ATG16L1T300A (T300A; a prevalent CD susceptibility allele) developed Paneth cell defects triggered by tobacco smoke. Transcriptional analysis of full-thickness ileum and Paneth cell-enriched crypt base cells showed the T300A-smoking combination altered distinct pathways, including proapoptosis, metabolic dysregulation, and selective downregulation of the PPARγ pathway. Pharmacologic intervention by either apoptosis inhibitor or PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone prevented smoking-induced crypt apoptosis and Paneth cell defects in T300A mice and mice with conditional Paneth cell-specific knockout of Atg16l1. This study demonstrates how explicit G+E can drive disease-relevant phenotype and provides rational strategies for identifying actionable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Justin T Kern
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gerard E Kaiko
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael W Rajala
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberta Caruso
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Feng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dermot Pb McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gabriel Nunez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard D Head
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Griggs TF, Bochkov YA, Basnet S, Pasic TR, Brockman-Schneider RA, Palmenberg AC, Gern JE. Rhinovirus C targets ciliated airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2017; 18:84. [PMID: 28472984 PMCID: PMC5418766 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rhinovirus C (RV-C), first identified in 2006, produce high symptom burdens in children and asthmatics, however, their primary target host cell in the airways remains unknown. Our primary hypotheses were that RV-C target ciliated airway epithelial cells (AECs), and that cell specificity is determined by restricted and high expression of the only known RV-C cell-entry factor, cadherin related family member 3 (CDHR3). METHODS RV-C15 (C15) infection in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures was assessed using immunofluorescent and time-lapse epifluorescent imaging. Morphology of C15-infected differentiated AECs was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS C15 produced a scattered pattern of infection, and infected cells were shed from the epithelium. The percentage of cells infected with C15 varied from 1.4 to 14.7% depending on cell culture conditions. Infected cells had increased staining for markers of ciliated cells (acetylated-alpha-tubulin [aat], p < 0.001) but not markers of goblet cells (wheat germ agglutinin or Muc5AC, p = ns). CDHR3 expression was increased on ciliated epithelial cells, but not other epithelial cells (p < 0.01). C15 infection caused a 27.4% reduction of ciliated cells expressing CDHR3 (p < 0.01). During differentiation of AECs, CDHR3 expression progressively increased and correlated with both RV-C binding and replication. CONCLUSIONS The RV-C only replicate in ciliated AECs in vitro, leading to infected cell shedding. CDHR3 expression positively correlates with RV-C binding and replication, and is largely confined to ciliated AECs. Our data imply that factors regulating differentiation and CDHR3 production may be important determinants of RV-C illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor F Griggs
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, CSC K4/945, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, 53792, WI, USA.
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, Madison, WI, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, CSC K4/945, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, 53792, WI, USA
| | - Sarmila Basnet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, CSC K4/945, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, 53792, WI, USA
| | - Thomas R Pasic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca A Brockman-Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, CSC K4/945, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, 53792, WI, USA
| | - Ann C Palmenberg
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, CSC K4/945, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, 53792, WI, USA
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, Madison, WI, USA
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Photoreceptor sensory cilia and ciliopathies: focus on CEP290, RPGR and their interacting proteins. Cilia 2012; 1:22. [PMID: 23351659 PMCID: PMC3563624 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies encompass a broad array of clinical findings associated with genetic defects in biogenesis and/or function of the primary cilium, a ubiquitous organelle involved in the transduction of diverse biological signals. Degeneration or dysfunction of retinal photoreceptors is frequently observed in diverse ciliopathies. The sensory cilium in a photoreceptor elaborates into unique outer segment discs that provide extensive surface area for maximal photon capture and efficient visual transduction. The daily renewal of approximately 10% of outer segments requires a precise control of ciliary transport. Here, we review the ciliopathies with associated retinal degeneration, describe the distinctive structure of the photoreceptor cilium, and discuss mouse models that allow investigations into molecular mechanisms of cilia biogenesis and defects. We have specifically focused on two ciliary proteins - CEP290 and RPGR - that underlie photoreceptor degeneration and syndromic ciliopathies. Mouse models of CEP290 and RPGR disease, and of their multiple interacting partners, have helped unravel new functional insights into cell type-specific phenotypic defects in distinct ciliary proteins. Elucidation of multifaceted ciliary functions and associated protein complexes will require concerted efforts to assimilate diverse datasets from in vivo and in vitro studies. We therefore discuss a possible framework for investigating genetic networks associated with photoreceptor cilia biogenesis and pathology.
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Ramakrishna L, de Vries VC, Curotto de Lafaille MA. Cross-roads in the lung: immune cells and tissue interactions as determinants of allergic asthma. Immunol Res 2012; 53:213-28. [PMID: 22447350 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic disease of the lung characterized by underlying Th2- and IgE-mediated inflammation, structural alterations of the bronchial wall, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Initial allergic sensitization and later development of chronic disease are determined by close interactions between lung structural cells and the resident and migratory immune cells in the lung. Epithelial cells play a crucial role in allergic sensitization by directly influencing dendritic cells induction of tolerant or effector T cells and production of type 2 cytokines by innate immune cells. During chronic disease, the bronchial epithelium, stroma, and smooth muscle become structurally and functionally altered, contributing to the perpetuation of tissue remodeling. Thus, targeting tissue-driven pathology in addition to inflammation may increase the effectiveness of asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Ramakrishna
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #4-06 Immunos, Singapore
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Plasticity of airway epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 128:1225-6. [PMID: 22133319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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