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Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Hu L, Liu J, Wang L, Wang T, Zhang H, Cong L, Wang Q. Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:138. [PMID: 36964157 PMCID: PMC10039055 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AAS), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), and eczema are systemic diseases caused by an impaired immune system. Accompanied by high recurrence rates, the steadily rising incidence rates of these diseases are attracting increasing attention. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves many factors, including maternal-fetal environment, living environment, genetics, epigenetics, and the body's immune status. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases exhibits a marked heterogeneity, with phenotype and endotype defining visible features and associated molecular mechanisms, respectively. With the rapid development of immunology, molecular biology, and biotechnology, many new biological drugs have been designed for the treatment of allergic diseases, including anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE), anti-interleukin (IL)-5, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)/IL-4, to control symptoms. For doctors and scientists, it is becoming more and more important to understand the influencing factors, pathogenesis, and treatment progress of allergic diseases. This review aimed to assess the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions of allergic diseases, including AR, AAS, AD, and FA. We hope to help doctors and scientists understand allergic diseases systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linhan Hu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Juntong Liu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000210, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linpeng Cong
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
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Song G, Yu S, Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhang B, Peng M. 2-Undecanone alleviates asthma by inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:101-111. [PMID: 36480816 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. 2-Undecanone (methyl nonyl ketone), a volatile organic compound originating from Houttuynia cordata, has the potential to ameliorate inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to explore potential benefits of 2-undecanone in asthma. 2-Undecanone (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically to ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice. Lung tissues were collected to observe histopathological changes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for the detection of inflammatory cells and cytokine production. The results showed that 2-undecanone ameliorated OVA-induced pathologic changes of lungs, including reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway smooth muscle thickness. The number of inflammatory cells and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE in BALF were decreased by 2-undecanone in asthmatic mice. Furthermore, abnormal activation of NF-κB pathway in lung tissues of asthmatic mice was impeded by 2-undecanone. In vitro, 2-undecanone (12.5, 25, or 50 µM) suppressed platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced proliferation and migration of primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and inhibited the switching of ASMCs from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype. Consistently, 2-undecanone blocked NF-κB activation in ASMCs. Collectively, 2-undecanone relieves asthma through alleviating airway inflammation and remodeling, and this beneficial effect is achieved by inhibiting NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suping Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Minghao Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Mo BW, Li XM, Li SM, Xiao B, Yang J, Li HM. m6A echoes with DNA methylation: Coordinated DNA methylation and gene expression data analysis identified critical m6A genes associated with asthma. Gene 2022; 828:146457. [PMID: 35421547 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves complex gene-environment interactions. Methylation of nucleotides, such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA, carries important information for gene regulation. Our study screened m6A genes and genes associated with asthma from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases GSE63383, GSE119580, GSE38003, GSE34313, GSE13168, and GSE35643. GSE52778, GSE35643, GSE40996, and GSE64744), and DNA methylation data from GSE85568 and GSE146377. We screened out 6 m6A related genes (FTO, IGF2BP2, RBM15, RBMX, WTAP, and YTHDC1) that were significantly dysregulated in asthma or proinflammatory conditions. A correlation study showed a high correlation between m6A genes and gene pairs such as WTAP, IL7R, and TLR2; RBMX, SLC22A4, IL33, TNC, FLG, and IL6R (|r| ≥ 0.8). Following DNA methylation dataset analysis, we proposed several DNA methylation-m6A modification asthma-related gene axes such as cg19032951/cg15153914-IGF2BP2-SMAD3. Interestingly, several target genes, such as SMAD3, possess the ability to participate in DNA methylation processes, which may reciprocally regulate the expression of m6A genes and form a closed-loop regulation axis. Some classic DNA methylation-related genes, such as TET1, UHRF1, and ZBTB4, were also involved. We identified an integrated profile of m6A gene expression in asthma and proposed a novel potential interplay between DNA methylation and m6A modification in asthma pathogenesis. Using the CMAP database, we found that resveratrol may target these dysregulated m6A genes, and therefore may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Wen Mo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, PR China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mang Li
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, PR China
| | - Shen-Mei Li
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, PR China.
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Herjan T, Xiao J, Dziendziel Kolanek M. RNA-Binding Protein HuR Promotes Airway Inflammation in a House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Asthma Model. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:29-38. [PMID: 35041516 PMCID: PMC8787712 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that interleukin 17 (IL-17) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. We have previously reported that upon IL-17 stimulation, Act1, an IL-17-receptor-complex adaptor, directly binds to its target mRNAs and utilizes other proteins, such as HuR, to upregulate mRNA stability and translation. HuR mRNA targets include multiple asthma-related genes. In this study, we have used house dust mite (HDM), a natural allergen, to test the role of HuR in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. We found that HuR deletion in airway epithelium diminished HDM-induced lung inflammation, including neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. While Th2 cytokines were not altered, the production of CXCL1, CXCL5 and CCL11 chemokines was significantly diminished. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma by orchestrating inflammatory and remodeling responses. We found that IL-17 treatment of ASM cells induced translocation of HuR from nucleus to cytoplasm, where it bound directly to Cxcl1 and Ccl11 mRNA. Deletion of HuR in ASM cells decreased their proliferation as well as CXCL1 and CCL11 production in response to IL-17. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the importance of HuR-mediated regulation of gene expression to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, in both airway epithelial and ASM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Herjan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Monika Dziendziel Kolanek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Wang X, Xu R, Chi D, Dai C, Sheng M. Role of NEAT1/MiR-9-5p/SLC26A2 Pathway on Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:858-867. [PMID: 34427073 PMCID: PMC8382724 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.9.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Asthma is a serious inflammatory disease of the respiratory system in which airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a key role. This study aimed to investigate the expression of SLC26A2 in human ASMCs (HASMCs) and the regulatory mechanism of SLC26A2 in the proliferation and inflammatory factor production of HASMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained the asthma-associated differential mRNA SLC26A2 by bioinformatics analysis in childhood acute asthma samples. To investigate its role in airway inflammation and airway remodeling, we treated HASMCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in an in vitro model and determined SLC26A2 expression in cells using western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT and EdU assays, and cell contractile phenotype marker proteins were measured. Cell migration and production of inflammatory factors were determined by Transwell and ELISA assays. Additionally, the upstream regulatory miRNA and LncRNA of SLC26A2 were identified by bioinformatics, luciferase reporter gene, and RIP analyses. RESULTS SLC26A2 was significantly upregulated in bioinformatics analysis of pediatric asthma-related sample. PDGF treatment up-regulated SLC26A2 expression in HASMCs, whereas the knockdown of SLC26A2 inhibited PDGF-stimulated proliferation, migration, and production of inflammatory factors, and enhanced the expression of cell contractile phenotype marker proteins in HASMCs. Luciferase reporter and RIP experiments validated that NEAT1 targeted miR-9-5p to regulate SLC26A2, thereby influencing the biological function of PDGF-induced HASMCs. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that NEAT1-mediated miR-9-5p targeting of SLC26A2 inhibits the PDGF-induced proliferation and production of inflammatory factors in HASMCs. These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for asthma and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Children, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruju Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Children, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Chi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Children, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chufeng Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Children, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Sheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Children, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
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Delmotte P, Marin Mathieu N, Sieck GC. TNFα induces mitochondrial fragmentation and biogenesis in human airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L137-L151. [PMID: 33146568 PMCID: PMC7847063 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00305.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In human airway smooth muscle (hASM), mitochondrial volume density is greater in asthmatic patients compared with normal controls. There is also an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation in hASM of moderate asthmatics associated with an increase in dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and a decrease in mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression, mitochondrial fission, and fusion proteins, respectively. Proinflammatory cytokines such TNFα contribute to hASM hyperreactivity and cell proliferation associated with asthma. However, the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in mitochondrial remodeling is not clearly established. In nonasthmatic hASM cells, mitochondria were labeled using MitoTracker Red and imaged in three dimensions using a confocal microscope. After 24-h TNFα exposure, mitochondria in hASM cells were more fragmented, evidenced by decreased form factor and aspect ratio and increased sphericity. Associated with increased mitochondrial fragmentation, Drp1 expression increased while Mfn2 expression was reduced. TNFα also increased mitochondrial biogenesis in hASM cells reflected by increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α expression and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. Associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, TNFα exposure also increased mitochondrial volume density and porin expression, resulting in an increase in maximum O2 consumption rate. However, when normalized for mitochondrial volume density, O2 consumption rate per mitochondrion was reduced by TNFα exposure. Associated with mitochondrial fragmentation and biogenesis, TNFα also increased hASM cell proliferation, an effect mimicked by siRNA knockdown of Mfn2 expression and mitigated by Mfn2 overexpression. The results of this study support our hypothesis that in hASM cells exposed to TNFα mitochondria are more fragmented, with an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial volume density resulting in reduced O2 consumption rate per mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Delmotte
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Marin Mathieu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Wei Y, Han B, Dai W, Guo S, Zhang C, Zhao L, Gao Y, Jiang Y, Kong X. Exposure to ozone impacted Th1/Th2 imbalance of CD 4+ T cells and apoptosis of ASMCs underlying asthmatic progression by activating lncRNA PVT1-miR-15a-5p/miR-29c-3p signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25229-25255. [PMID: 33223504 PMCID: PMC7803560 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This investigation attempted to elucidate whether lncRNA PVT1-led miRNA axes participated in aggravating ozone-triggered asthma progression. One hundred and sixty-eight BALB/c mice were evenly divided into saline+air group, ovalbumin+air group, saline+ozone group and ovalbumin+ozone group. Correlations were evaluated between PVT1 expression and airway smooth muscle function/inflammatory cytokine release among the mice models. Furthermore, pcDNA3.1-PVT1 and si-PVT1 were, respectively, transfected into CD4+T cells and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and activities of the cells were observed. Ultimately, a cohort of asthma patients was recruited to estimate the diagnostic performance of PVT1. It was demonstrated that mice of ovalbumin+ozone group were associated with higher PVT1 expression, thicker trachea/airway smooth muscle and smaller ratio of Th1/Th2-like cytokines than mice of ovalbumin+air group and saline+ozone group (P<0.05). Moreover, pcDNA3.1-PVT1 significantly brought down Th1/Th2 ratio in CD4+ T cells by depressing miR-15a-5p expression and activating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling (P<0.05). The PVT1 also facilitated ASMC proliferation by sponging miR-29c-3p and motivating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling (P<0.05). Additionally, PVT1 seemed promising in diagnosis of asthma, with favorable sensitivity (i.e. 0.844) and specificity (i.e. 0.978). Conclusively, lncRNA PVT1-miR-15a-5p/miR-29c-3p-PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis was implicated in ozone-induced asthma development by promoting ASMC proliferation and Th1/Th2 imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Baofen Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wenjuan Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shufang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Caiping Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lixuan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaomei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Thompson EE, Dang Q, Mitchell-Handley B, Rajendran K, Ram-Mohan S, Solway J, Ober C, Krishnan R. Cytokine-induced molecular responses in airway smooth muscle cells inform genome-wide association studies of asthma. Genome Med 2020; 12:64. [PMID: 32690065 PMCID: PMC7370514 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge in the post-GWAS era is to assign function to disease-associated variants. However, available resources do not include all tissues or environmental exposures that are relevant to all diseases. For example, exaggerated bronchoconstriction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) defines airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. However, the contribution of ASMC to genetic and genomic studies has largely been overlooked. Our study aimed to address the gap in data availability from a critical tissue in genomic studies of asthma. METHODS We developed a cell model of AHR to discover variants associated with transcriptional, epigenetic, and cellular responses to two AHR promoting cytokines, IL-13 and IL-17A, and performed a GWAS of bronchial responsiveness (BRI) in humans. RESULTS Our study revealed significant response differences between ASMCs from asthma cases and controls, including genes implicated in asthma susceptibility. We defined molecular quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for expression (eQTLs) and methylation (meQTLs), and cellular QTLs for contractility (coQTLs) and performed a GWAS of BRI in human subjects. Variants in asthma GWAS were significantly enriched for ASM QTLs and BRI-associated SNPs, and near genes enriched for ASM function, many with small P values that did not reach stringent thresholds of significance in GWAS. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified significant differences between ASMCs from asthma cases and controls, potentially reflecting trained tolerance in these cells, as well as a set of variants, overlooked in previous GWAS, which reflect the AHR component of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Thompson
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Quynh Dang
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kavitha Rajendran
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumati Ram-Mohan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Delmotte P, Sieck GC. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Function in Airway Smooth Muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:374. [PMID: 32010691 PMCID: PMC6974519 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma affect more than 300 million people world-wide. Inflammation triggers pathophysiology via such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukins (e.g., IL-13). Hypercontraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM) and ASM cell proliferation are major contributors to the exaggerated airway narrowing that occurs during agonist stimulation. An emergent theme in this context is the role of inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and altered mitochondrial function including an increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This may establish a vicious cycle as excess ROS generation leads to further ER stress. Yet, it is unclear whether inflammation-induced ROS is the major mechanism leading to ER stress or the consequence of ER stress. In various diseases, inflammation leads to an increase in mitochondrial fission (fragmentation), associated with reduced levels of mitochondrial fusion proteins, such as mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). Mitochondrial fragmentation may be a homeostatic response since it is generally coupled with mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial volume density thereby reducing demand on individual mitochondrion. ER stress is triggered by the accumulation of unfolded proteins, which induces a homeostatic response to alter protein balance via effects on protein synthesis and degradation. In addition, the ER stress response promotes protein folding via increased expression of molecular chaperone proteins. Reduced Mfn2 and altered mitochondrial dynamics may not only be downstream to ER stress but also upstream such that a reduction in Mfn2 triggers further ER stress. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the link between inflammation-induced ER stress and mitochondrial function and the role played in the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Delmotte
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Mohammed A, Okwor I, Shan L, Onyilagha C, Uzonna JE, Gounni AS. Semaphorin 3E Regulates the Response of Macrophages to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:128-136. [PMID: 31776203 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) is a secreted protein that was initially discovered as a neuronal guidance cue. Recent evidence showed that Sema3E plays an essential role in regulating the activities of various immune cells. However, the exact role of Sema3E in macrophage function, particularly during inflammation, is not fully understood. We studied the impact of Sema3E gene deletion on macrophage function during the LPS-induced acute inflammatory response. We found that Sema3E-deficient (Sema3e-/- ) mice were better protected from LPS-induced acute inflammation as exemplified by their superior clinical score and effective temperature control compared with their wild-type littermates. This superior control of inflammatory response in Sema3e-/- mice was associated with significantly lower phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, STAT3, and NF-κB, and a concomitant reduction in inducible NO synthase expression and production of TNF and IL-6 compared with their Sema3e+/+ littermates. Sema3e-/- mice also contained significantly higher numbers of activated macrophages compared with their Sema3e+/+ littermates at both baselines and after LPS challenge. In vivo-specific deletion of the Sema3E high-affinity receptor, plexinD1, on macrophages led to the improvement in clinical disease following exposure to a lethal dose of LPS. Collectively, our data show that Sema3E plays an essential role in dampening the early inflammatory response to LPS by regulating macrophage function, suggesting an essential role of this pathway in macrophage inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaque Mohammed
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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11
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Dias ASO, Santos ICL, Delphim L, Fernandes G, Endlich LR, Cafasso MOSD, Maranhão AL, da Silva SR, Andrade RM, Agrawal A, Linhares UC, Bento CAM. Serum leptin levels correlate negatively with the capacity of vitamin D to modulate the in vitro cytokines production by CD4 + T cells in asthmatic patients. Clin Immunol 2019; 205:93-105. [PMID: 31173888 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and low vitamin D levels have been associated with allergic asthma (AA) severity. In the present study, severity of AA was associated with obesity but to the in vitro IgE production. In those patients, higher levels of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17 were quantified in CD4+ T-cell cultures as compared with patients with mild and moderate AA. In addition, the lowest IL-10 levels were detected in the cell cultures from patients with a worse prognosis. Interestingly, the occurrence of AA elevates the plasma levels of leptin, and this adipokine was positively correlated with the release of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17, but inversely correlated with IL-10 production, by CD4+ T-cells from patients. In AA-derived CD4+ T-cell cultures, 1,25(OH)2D3 was less efficient at inhibiting IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17 production, and up regulating IL-10 release, as those from healthy subjects. Interestingly, the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D were inversely correlated with serum leptin levels. In summary, our findings suggested that obesity, probably due to the overproduction of leptin, negatively impacts AA as it favors imbalance between Th2/Th17 and regulatory phenotypes. The deleterious effects of leptin may also be due to its ability to counter-regulate the immunosuppressive effects of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleida S O Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle C L Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Delphim
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa R Endlich
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Maranhão
- Pulmonology Service, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Regis M Andrade
- Department of General Medicine Department, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ulisses C Linhares
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Jiang Y, Gruzieva O, Wang T, Forno E, Boutaoui N, Sun T, Merid SK, Acosta-Pérez E, Kull I, Canino G, Antó JM, Bousquet J, Melén E, Chen W, Celedón JC. Transcriptomics of atopy and atopic asthma in white blood cells from children and adolescents. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.00102-2019. [PMID: 30923181 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00102-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early allergic sensitisation (atopy) is the first step in the development of allergic diseases such as atopic asthma later in life. Genes and pathways associated with atopy and atopic asthma in children and adolescents have not been well characterised.A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of atopy and atopic asthma in white blood cells (WBCs) or whole blood was conducted in a cohort of 460 Puerto Ricans aged 9-20 years (EVA-PR study) and in a cohort of 250 Swedish adolescents (BAMSE study). Pathway enrichment and network analyses were conducted to further assess top findings, and classification models of atopy and atopic asthma were built using expression levels for the top differentially expressed genes (DEGs).In a meta-analysis of the study cohorts, both previously implicated genes (e.g. IL5RA and IL1RL1) and genes not previously reported in TWASs (novel) were significantly associated with atopy and/or atopic asthma. Top novel genes for atopy included SIGLEC8 (p=8.07×10-13), SLC29A1 (p=7.07×10-12) and SMPD3 (p=1.48×10-11). Expression quantitative trait locus analyses identified multiple asthma-relevant genotype-expression pairs, such as rs2255888/ALOX15 Pathway enrichment analysis uncovered 16 significantly enriched pathways at adjusted p<0.01, including those relevant to T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune responses. Classification models built using the top DEGs and a few demographic/parental history variables accurately differentiated subjects with atopic asthma from nonatopic control subjects (area under the curve 0.84).We have identified genes and pathways for atopy and atopic asthma in children and adolescents, using transcriptome-wide data from WBCs and whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadia Boutaoui
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Dept of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon K Merid
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Inger Kull
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Josep M Antó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Bousquet
- CESP, Inserm U1018, Villejuif, France.,University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,These three authors are joint senior authors
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,These three authors are joint senior authors
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA .,These three authors are joint senior authors
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13
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Association study in African-admixed populations across the Americas recapitulates asthma risk loci in non-African populations. Nat Commun 2019; 10:880. [PMID: 30787307 PMCID: PMC6382865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease with striking disparities across racial and ethnic groups. Despite its relatively high burden, representation of individuals of African ancestry in asthma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been inadequate, and true associations in these underrepresented minority groups have been inconclusive. We report the results of a genome-wide meta-analysis from the Consortium on Asthma among African Ancestry Populations (CAAPA; 7009 asthma cases, 7645 controls). We find strong evidence for association at four previously reported asthma loci whose discovery was driven largely by non-African populations, including the chromosome 17q12-q21 locus and the chr12q13 region, a novel (and not previously replicated) asthma locus recently identified by the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (TAGC). An additional seven loci reported by TAGC show marginal evidence for association in CAAPA. We also identify two novel loci (8p23 and 8q24) that may be specific to asthma risk in African ancestry populations.
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14
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Huang N, Liu K, Liu J, Gao X, Zeng Z, Zhang Y, Chen J. Interleukin-37 alleviates airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signalings. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 55:198-204. [PMID: 29268192 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common respiratory inflammatory disorder disease of childhood, and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play an important role in this disease. Recently, studies have found that interleukin (IL)-37 inhibits allergic airway inflammation of asthmatic mouse models. The aim of this study was to investigate the exact mechanism of IL-37 in asthma. In this study, we found recombinant human IL-37 protein significantly reduced ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory cell infiltration, the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) process, and levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13, but increased interferon (IFN)-γ expression. Moreover, IL-37 treatment remarkably inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced cell proliferation, migration, EMT, and inflammatory response in ASMCs. IL-37 notably upregulated IκB expression and downregulated levels of NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, STAT3 and phospho-STAT3 both in OVA-induced mice and in TGF-β1-stimulated ASMCs. The effects of IL-37 on TGF-β1-induced ASMCs were abrogated by STAT3 upregulation. Additionally, PDTC, a NF-κB inhibitor, showed the similar effects as IL-37 in ASMCs. In conclusion, IL-37 may alleviate airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma through suppressing the activation of NF-κB and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kebei Liu
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Chiba Y, Tanoue G, Suto R, Suto W, Hanazaki M, Katayama H, Sakai H. Interleukin-17A directly acts on bronchial smooth muscle cells and augments the contractility. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:377-385. [PMID: 31994114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although interleukin-17 (IL-17) contributes to the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, its effect on bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) remains largely unknown. Evidence support an involvement of RhoA/Rho-kinase in BSM contraction, and the pathway has now been proposed as a novel target for asthma therapy. To clarify the role of IL-17 on the development of BSM hyperresponsiveness, effects of IL-17A on BSM contractility and RhoA expression were investigated. METHODS Male BALB/c mice and cultured human BSM cells (hBSMCs) were used. RESULTS In the murine model of allergic asthma, BSM hyperresponsiveness with an IL-17A up-regulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were observed. RT-PCR analyses revealed the expression of receptors for IL-17A in mouse BSMs and hBSMCs. In the hBSMCs, incubation with IL-17A caused an up-regulation of RhoA protein. Western blot analyses also revealed phosphorylations of JNKs/ERKs and a down-regulation of IκB-α in the IL-17A-treated hBSMCs, indicating that IL-17A could act on BSM cells directly. However, IL-17A did not activate STAT6, which is also known as a signaling molecule that causes an up-regulation of RhoA when activated by IL-13. On the other hand, IL-17A caused a down-regulation of miR-133a-3p, a microRNA that negatively regulates RhoA translation. In the naive mice, in vivo IL-17A treatment to the airways by intranasal instillation induced a BSM hyperresponsiveness with RhoA protein up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that IL-17 directly acts on BSM cells and up-regulates RhoA protein probably via a down-regulation of miR-133a-3p, resulting in an induction of the BSM hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Gen Tanoue
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Suto
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Suto
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Hanazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katayama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Willis CR, Siegel L, Leith A, Mohn D, Escobar S, Wannberg S, Misura K, Rickel E, Rottman JB, Comeau MR, Sullivan JK, Metz DP, Tocker J, Budelsky AL. IL-17RA Signaling in Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Allergic Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:810-21. [PMID: 25919006 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0038oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) is a shared receptor subunit required for activity of IL-17 family cytokines, including IL-17A and IL-25. IL-17A and IL-25 induce different proinflammatory responses, and concentrations are elevated in subjects with asthma. However, the individual contributions of IL-17A and IL-25 to disease pathogenesis are unclear. We explored proinflammatory activities of the IL-17 pathway in models of pulmonary inflammation and assessed its effects on contractility of human bronchial airway smooth muscle. In two mouse models, IL-17RA, IL-17RB, or IL-25 blockade reduced airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Individually, IL-17A and IL-25 enhanced contractility of human bronchial smooth muscle induced by methacholine or carbachol. IL-17A had more pronounced effects on methacholine-induced contractility in bronchial rings from donors with asthma compared with donors without asthma. Blocking the IL-17 pathway via IL-17RA may be a useful therapy for some patients with asthma by reducing pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kira Misura
- 2 Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | | | - James B Rottman
- 3 Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | | | - Joel Tocker
- 4 Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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17
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Schuliga M. NF-kappaB Signaling in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1266-83. [PMID: 26131974 PMCID: PMC4598751 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive airway disorders which differ in their underlying causes and phenotypes but overlap in patterns of pharmacological treatments. In both asthma and COPD, oxidative stress contributes to airway inflammation by inducing inflammatory gene expression. The redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (NF-κB), is an important participant in a broad spectrum of inflammatory networks that regulate cytokine activity in airway pathology. The anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs), a mainstay treatment for asthma, involve inhibition of NF-κB induced gene transcription. Ligand bound GC receptors (GRs) bind NF-κB to suppress the transcription of NF-κB responsive genes (i.e., transrepression). However, in severe asthma and COPD, the transrepression of NF-κB by GCs is negated as a consequence of post-translational changes to GR and histones involved in chromatin remodeling. Therapeutics which target NF-κB activation, including inhibitors of IκB kinases (IKKs) are potential treatments for asthma and COPD. Furthermore, reversing GR/histone acetylation shows promise as a strategy to treat steroid refractory airway disease by augmenting NF-κB transrepression. This review examines NF-κB signaling in airway inflammation and its potential as target for treatment of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- Lung Health Research Centre (LHRC), Department Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Grattan St., Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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Delmotte P, Sieck GC. Interaction between endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum stress (ER/SR stress), mitochondrial signaling and Ca(2+) regulation in airway smooth muscle (ASM). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 93:97-110. [PMID: 25506723 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway inflammation is a key aspect of diseases such as asthma. Several inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNFα and IL-13) increase cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyt) responses to agonist stimulation and Ca(2+) sensitivity of force generation, thereby enhancing airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility (hyper-reactive state). Inflammation also induces ASM proliferation and remodeling (synthetic state). In normal ASM, the transient elevation of [Ca(2+)]cyt induced by agonists leads to a transient increase in mitochondrial Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]mito) that may be important in matching ATP production with ATP consumption. In human ASM (hASM) exposed to TNFα and IL-13, the transient increase in [Ca(2+)]mito is blunted despite enhanced [Ca(2+)]cyt responses. We also found that TNFα and IL-13 induce reactive oxidant species (ROS) formation and endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) stress (unfolded protein response) in hASM. ER/SR stress in hASM is associated with disruption of mitochondrial coupling with the ER/SR membrane, which relates to reduced mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression. Thus, in hASM it appears that TNFα and IL-13 result in ROS formation leading to ER/SR stress, reduced Mfn2 expression, disruption of mitochondrion-ER/SR coupling, decreased mitochondrial Ca(2+) buffering, mitochondrial fragmentation, and increased cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Delmotte
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4-184 West Joseph SMH, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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