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Carroll OR, Pillar AL, Brown AC, Feng M, Chen H, Donovan C. Advances in respiratory physiology in mouse models of experimental asthma. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1099719. [PMID: 37008013 PMCID: PMC10060990 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1099719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in mouse models of experimental asthma coupled with vast improvements in systems that assess respiratory physiology have considerably increased the accuracy and human relevance of the outputs from these studies. In fact, these models have become important pre-clinical testing platforms with proven value and their capacity to be rapidly adapted to interrogate emerging clinical concepts, including the recent discovery of different asthma phenotypes and endotypes, has accelerated the discovery of disease-causing mechanisms and increased our understanding of asthma pathogenesis and the associated effects on lung physiology. In this review, we discuss key distinctions in respiratory physiology between asthma and severe asthma, including the magnitude of airway hyperresponsiveness and recently discovered disease drivers that underpin this phenomenon such as structural changes, airway remodeling, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, altered airway smooth muscle calcium signaling, and inflammation. We also explore state-of-the-art mouse lung function measurement techniques that accurately recapitulate the human scenario as well as recent advances in precision cut lung slices and cell culture systems. Furthermore, we consider how these techniques have been applied to recently developed mouse models of asthma, severe asthma, and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap, to examine the effects of clinically relevant exposures (including ovalbumin, house dust mite antigen in the absence or presence of cigarette smoke, cockroach allergen, pollen, and respiratory microbes) and to increase our understanding of lung physiology in these diseases and identify new therapeutic targets. Lastly, we focus on recent studies that examine the effects of diet on asthma outcomes, including high fat diet and asthma, low iron diet during pregnancy and predisposition to asthma development in offspring, and environmental exposures on asthma outcomes. We conclude our review with a discussion of new clinical concepts in asthma and severe asthma that warrant investigation and how we could utilize mouse models and advanced lung physiology measurement systems to identify factors and mechanisms with potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R. Carroll
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Amber L. Pillar
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra C. Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Min Feng
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Chantal Donovan,
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2
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Mariotti FR, Supino D, Landolina N, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Moretta L, Maggi E. IL-1R8: A molecular brake of anti-tumor and anti-viral activity of NK cells and ILC. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101712. [PMID: 36753974 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor family members (ILRs) and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play pivotal role in immunity and inflammation and are expressed by most cell types including cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system. In this context, IL-1 superfamily members are also important players in regulating function and differentiation of adaptive and innate lymphoid cells. This system is tightly regulated in order to avoid uncontrolled activation, which may lead to detrimental inflammation contributing to autoimmune or allergic responses. IL-1R8 (also known as TIR8 or SIGIRR) is a member of the IL-1R family that acts as a negative regulator dampening ILR and TLR signaling and as a co-receptor for human IL-37. Human and mouse NK cells, that are key players in immune surveillance of tumors and infections, express high level of IL-1R8. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding on the structure, expression and function of IL-1R8 and we will also discuss the emerging role of IL-1R8 as an important checkpoint regulating NK cells function in pathological conditions including cancer and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Mariotti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nadine Landolina
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Translational Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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3
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Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Guyatt GH, Gómez-Escobar LG, Pérez-Herrera LC, Chu AWL, Ceccaci R, Acosta-Madiedo AS, Wen A, Moreno-López S, MacDonald M, Barrios M, Chu X, Islam N, Gao Y, Wong MM, Couban R, Garcia E, Chapman E, Oykhman P, Chen L, Winders T, Asiniwasis RN, Boguniewicz M, De Benedetto A, Ellison K, Frazier WT, Greenhawt M, Huynh J, Kim E, LeBovidge J, Lind ML, Lio P, Martin SA, O'Brien M, Ong PY, Silverberg JI, Spergel J, Wang J, Wheeler KE, Schneider L, Chu DK. Allergen immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:147-158. [PMID: 36191689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD, eczema) is driven by a combination of skin barrier defects, immune dysregulation, and extrinsic stimuli such as allergens, irritants, and microbes. The role of environmental allergens (aeroallergens) in triggering AD remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We systematically synthesized evidence regarding the benefits and harms of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for AD. METHODS As part of the 2022 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters AD Guideline update, we searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACS, Global Resource for Eczema Trials, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 2021 for randomized controlled trials comparing subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), and/or no AIT (placebo or standard care) for guideline panel-defined patient-important outcomes: AD severity, itch, AD-related quality of life (QoL), flares, and adverse events. Raters independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. We synthesized intervention effects using frequentist and Bayesian random-effects models. The GRADE approach determined the quality of evidence. RESULTS Twenty-three randomized controlled trials including 1957 adult and pediatric patients sensitized primarily to house dust mite showed that add-on SCIT and SLIT have similar relative and absolute effects and likely result in important improvements in AD severity, defined as a 50% reduction in SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.53 [1.31-1.78]; 26% vs 40%, absolute difference 14%) and QoL, defined as an improvement in Dermatology Life Quality Index by 4 points or more (risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.44 [1.03-2.01]; 39% vs 56%, absolute difference 17%; both outcomes moderate certainty). Both routes of AIT increased adverse events (risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.61 [1.44-1.79]; 66% with SCIT vs 41% with placebo; 13% with SLIT vs 8% with placebo; high certainty). AIT's effect on sleep disturbance and eczema flares was very uncertain. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main findings. CONCLUSIONS SCIT and SLIT to aeroallergens, particularly house dust mite, can similarly and importantly improve AD severity and QoL. SCIT increases adverse effects more than SLIT. These findings support a multidisciplinary and shared decision-making approach to optimally managing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton
| | | | | | - Alexandro W L Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton
| | - Renata Ceccaci
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton
| | | | - Aaron Wen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton
| | | | - Margaret MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton
| | | | - Xiajing Chu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
| | - Melanie M Wong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton
| | - Rachel Couban
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton
| | | | | | - Paul Oykhman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton; University of Ottawa, Ottawa
| | | | | | - Mark Boguniewicz
- National Jewish Health, Denver; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester
| | | | | | | | - Joey Huynh
- Orthopedic Neurological Rehabilitation, Northridge
| | | | | | - Mary Laura Lind
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - Peter Lio
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago
| | | | | | - Peck Y Ong
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington
| | - Jonathan Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Julie Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | | | | | - Derek K Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Evidence in Allergy Group, Hamilton; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Hamilton; Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton.
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4
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Supino D, Minute L, Mariancini A, Riva F, Magrini E, Garlanda C. Negative Regulation of the IL-1 System by IL-1R2 and IL-1R8: Relevance in Pathophysiology and Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804641. [PMID: 35211118 PMCID: PMC8861086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a primary cytokine of innate immunity and inflammation. IL-1 belongs to a complex family including ligands with agonist activity, receptor antagonists, and an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The receptors for these ligands, the IL-1 Receptor (IL-1R) family, include signaling receptor complexes, decoy receptors, and negative regulators. Agonists and regulatory molecules co-evolved, suggesting the evolutionary relevance of a tight control of inflammatory responses, which ensures a balance between amplification of innate immunity and uncontrolled inflammation. IL-1 family members interact with innate immunity cells promoting innate immunity, as well as with innate and adaptive lymphoid cells, contributing to their differentiation and functional polarization and plasticity. Here we will review the properties of two key regulatory receptors of the IL-1 system, IL-1R2, the first decoy receptor identified, and IL-1R8, a pleiotropic regulator of different IL-1 family members and co-receptor for IL-37, the anti-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family. Their complex impact in pathology, ranging from infections and inflammatory responses, to cancer and neurologic disorders, as well as clinical implications and potential therapeutic exploitation will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Supino
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Luna Minute
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Andrea Mariancini
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Magrini
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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5
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Hong MH, Kashif A, Kim G, Park BS, Lee NR, Yang EJ, Mun JY, Choi H, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Lee JS, Hong Y, Kim IS. Der p 38 Is a Bidirectional Regulator of Eosinophils and Neutrophils in Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1735-1746. [PMID: 34462314 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The house dust mite is the most common cause of allergic diseases, and TLR4 acts as an overarching receptor for allergic responses. This study aimed to identify novel allergen binding to TLR4 in house dust mites and unveil its unique role in allergic responses. Der p 38 was purified and characterized by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based peptide mapping. Biolayer interferometry and structure modeling unveiled TLR4-binding activity and the structure of recombinant Der p 38. The allergenicity of Der p 38 was confirmed by a skin prick test, and basophil activation and dot blot assays. The skin prick test identified 24 out of 45 allergic subjects (53.3%) as Der p 38+ subjects. Der p 38-augmented CD203c expression was noted in the basophils of Der p 38+ allergic subjects. In animal experiments with wild-type and TLR4 knockout BALB/c mice, Der p 38 administration induced the infiltration of neutrophils as well as eosinophils and exhibited clinical features similar to asthma via TLR4 activation. Persistent Der p 38 administration induced severe neutrophil inflammation. Der p 38 directly suppressed the apoptosis of allergic neutrophils and eosinophils, and enhanced cytokine production in human bronchial epithelial cells, inhibiting neutrophil apoptosis. The mechanisms involved TLR4, LYN, PI3K, AKT, ERK, and NF-κB. These findings may contribute to a deep understanding of Der p 38 as a bridge allergen between eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in the pathogenic mechanisms of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwa Hong
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayesha Kashif
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunyeong Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Park
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Rae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Choi
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea.,Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Hong
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sik Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea; .,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
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6
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Kim G, Hong M, Kashif A, Hong Y, Park BS, Mun JY, Choi H, Lee JS, Yang EJ, Woo RS, Lee SJ, Yang M, Kim IS. Der f 38 Is a Novel TLR4-Binding Allergen Related to Allergy Pathogenesis from Dermatophagoides farinae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168440. [PMID: 34445142 PMCID: PMC8395149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to treat allergic diseases including asthma completely because its pathogenesis remains unclear. House dust mite (HDM) is a critical allergen and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is a member of the toll-like receptor family, which plays an important role in allergic diseases. The purpose of this study was to characterize a novel allergen, Der f 38 binding to TLR4, and unveil its role as an inducer of allergy. Der f 38 expression was detected in the body and feces of Dermatophagoides farinae (DF). Electron microscopy revealed that it was located in the granule layer, the epithelium layer, and microvilli of the posterior midgut. The skin prick test showed that 60% of allergic subjects were Der f 38-positive. Der f 38 enhanced surface 203c expression in basophils of Der f 38-positive allergic subjects. By analysis of the model structure of Der p 38, the expected epitope sites are exposed on the exterior side. In animal experiments, Der f 38 triggered an infiltration of inflammatory cells. Intranasal (IN) administration of Der f 38 increased neutrophils in the lung. Intraperitoneal (IP) and IN injections of Der f 38 induced both eosinophils and neutrophils. Increased total IgE level and histopathological features were found in BALB/c mice treated with Der f 38 by IP and IN injections. TLR4 knockout (KO) BALB/c mice exhibited less inflammation and IgE level in the sera compared to wild type (WT) mice. Der f 38 directly binds to TLR4 using biolayer interferometry. Der f 38 suppressed the apoptosis of neutrophils and eosinophils by downregulating proteins in the proapoptotic pathway including caspase 9, caspase 3, and BAX and upregulating proteins in the anti-apoptotic pathway including BCL-2 and MCL-1. These findings might shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of allergy to HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunyeong Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea; (G.K.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Minhwa Hong
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea; (G.K.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ayesha Kashif
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea; (G.K.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yujin Hong
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea; (G.K.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Beom-Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea;
| | - Ji-Young Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Korea;
| | - Hyosun Choi
- Nanobioimaging Center, National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Eun-Ju Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Minseo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea;
| | - In-Sik Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea; (G.K.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Li L, Chen W, Zhou W, Gao J. IRAK-M knockout promotes allergic airway inflammation, but not airway hyperresponsiveness, in house dust mite-induced experimental asthma model. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1413-1426. [PMID: 33841934 PMCID: PMC8024803 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background IL-1 receptor associated-kinase (IRAK)-M, expressed by airway epithelium and macrophages, was shown to regulate acute and chronic airway inflammation exhibiting a biphasic response in an OVA-based animal model. House dust mite (HDM) is a common real-life aeroallergen highly relevant to asthma pathogenesis. The role of IRAK-M in HDM-induced asthma remains unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of IRAK-M on allergic airway inflammation induced by HDM using IRAK-M knockout (KO) mice and the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods IRAK-M KO and wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and challenged with HDM. The differences in airway inflammation were evaluated 24 hours after the last challenge between the two genotypes of mice using a number of cellular and molecular biological techniques. In vitro mechanistic investigation was also involved. Results Lung expression of IRAK-M was significantly upregulated by HDM in the WT mice. Compared with the WT controls, HDM-treated IRAK-M KO mice showed exacerbated infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly Th2 cells, in the airways and mucus overproduction, higher epithelial mediators IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP and Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Lung IRAK-M KO macrophages expressed higher percentage of costimulatory molecules OX40L and CD 80 and exhibited enhanced antigen uptake. However, IRAK-M KO didn’t impact the airway hyperreactivity (AHR) indirectly induced by HDM. Conclusions The findings indicate that IRAK-M protects allergic airway inflammation, not AHR, by modifying activation and antigen uptake of lung macrophages following HDM stimulation. Optimal regulation of IRAK-M might indicate an intriguing therapeutic avenue for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Li
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Departments of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wexun Zhou
- Departments of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Allam G, Gaber AM, Othman SI, Abdel-Moneim A. The potential role of interleukin-37 in infectious diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 39:3-10. [PMID: 31633447 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1677644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a newly introduced cytokine to interleukin-1 family. Many studies have demonstrated that IL-37 owns immunosuppressive effects against both innate and acquired immune responses via inhibition of several inflammatory mediators. Thence, IL-37 has anti-inflammatory action in some diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases. Recent investigations have reported the important role of IL-37 in immunity against viral, bacterial and fungal infections as they prevent inappropriate immune activation and suppress the inflammation induced by these infectious agents. Thus, IL-37 could play a crucial role in protecting host tissues from injury during infections by damping excessive inflammatory reactions. However, the precise roles of IL-37 in infectious diseases remain largely unknown. The current review shed light on the pivotal role of IL-37 in infectious diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), viral myocarditis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), tuberculosis, leprosy, pneumococcal pneumonia, listeria infection, aspergillosis, candidiasis and eumycetoma. In conclusion, this review reported that IL-37 has a crucial role in reducing infection-associated inflammation and has a good impact on inflammation-induced pathology. However, tight regulation that achieved balance between effector immune responses that required for pathogen elimination and limited tissue damage that resulted from excessive inflammation should be existed in the potential IL-37 therapy to prevent clinical complications of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Allam
- Immunology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Egyptian-Korean College of Industry and Energy Technology, Beni-Suef Technological University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Gaber
- Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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9
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Abstract
IL-37 is a unique member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which functions as a natural suppressor of inflammatory and immune responses. Immune and non-immune cells produce IL-37 precursor following pro-inflammatory stimuli. Following activating cleavage by caspase-1, mature IL-37 translocates to the nucleus, where it suppresses transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Both precursor and mature IL-37 are also secreted in the extracellular space, where they bind IL-18Rα and recruit the IL-1R8 (formerly TIR8 or SIGIRR), which transduces anti-inflammatory signals by suppressing NF-kB and MAPK and by activating Mer-PTEN-DOK pathways. During inflammation, IL-37 restores the metabolism of the cell by reducing succinate, inhibiting mTOR, and activating AMPK. Transgenic mice expressing human IL-37 and wild type mice treated with recombinant human IL-37 are protected from several experimental models of inflammation, including endotoxin shock, colitis, lung and spinal cord injury, coronary artery disease, arthritis and inflammation-induced fatigue, while also exhibiting reduced adaptive immune responses. In humans, IL-37 likely functions to limit excessive inflammation: accordingly, IL-37 levels are abnormal in patients with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the discovery and biology of IL-37, and discuss the potential for development of this cytokine as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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10
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Hakansson AP, Orihuela CJ, Bogaert D. Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:781-811. [PMID: 29488821 PMCID: PMC5966719 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that respiratory infections are the direct result of acquisition of pathogenic viruses or bacteria, followed by their overgrowth, dissemination, and in some instances tissue invasion. In the last decades, it has become apparent that in contrast to this classical view, the majority of microorganisms associated with respiratory infections and inflammation are actually common members of the respiratory ecosystem and only in rare circumstances do they cause disease. This suggests that a complex interplay between host, environment, and properties of colonizing microorganisms together determines disease development and its severity. To understand the pathophysiological processes that underlie respiratory infectious diseases, it is therefore necessary to understand the host-bacterial interactions occurring at mucosal surfaces, along with the microbes inhabiting them, during symbiosis. Current knowledge regarding host-bacterial interactions during asymptomatic colonization will be discussed, including a plausible role for the human microbiome in maintaining a healthy state. With this as a starting point, we will discuss possible disruptive factors contributing to dysbiosis, which is likely to be a key trigger for pathobionts in the development and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Finally, from this renewed perspective, we will reflect on current and potential new approaches for treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hakansson
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - C J Orihuela
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D Bogaert
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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11
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Vicente CT, Revez JA, Ferreira MAR. Lessons from ten years of genome-wide association studies of asthma. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e165. [PMID: 29333270 PMCID: PMC5750453 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of asthma were published between 2007 and 2016, the largest with a sample size of 157242 individuals. Across these studies, 39 genetic variants in low linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other were reported to associate with disease risk at a significance threshold of P<5 × 10−8, including 31 in populations of European ancestry. Results from analyses of the UK Biobank data (n=380 503) indicate that at least 28 of the 31 associations reported in Europeans represent true-positive findings, collectively explaining 2.5% of the variation in disease liability (median of 0.06% per variant). We identified 49 transcripts as likely target genes of the published asthma risk variants, mostly based on LD with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Of these genes, 16 were previously implicated in disease pathophysiology by functional studies, including TSLP, TNFSF4, ADORA1, CHIT1 and USF1. In contrast, at present, there is limited or no functional evidence directly implicating the remaining 33 likely target genes in asthma pathophysiology. Some of these genes have a known function that is relevant to allergic disease, including F11R, CD247, PGAP3, AAGAB, CAMK4 and PEX14, and so could be prioritized for functional follow-up. We conclude by highlighting three areas of research that are essential to help translate GWAS findings into clinical research or practice, namely validation of target gene predictions, understanding target gene function and their role in disease pathophysiology and genomics-guided prioritization of targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana A Revez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Dinarello CA, Nold-Petry C, Nold M, Fujita M, Li S, Kim S, Bufler P. Suppression of innate inflammation and immunity by interleukin-37. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:1067-81. [PMID: 27060871 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-37 is unique in the IL-1 family in that unlike other members of the family, IL-37 broadly suppresses innate immunity. IL-37 can be elevated in humans with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases where it likely functions to limit inflammation. Transgenic mice expressing human IL-37 (IL37-tg) exhibit less severe inflammation in models of endotoxin shock, colitis, myocardial infarction, lung, and spinal cord injury. IL37-tg mice have reduced antigen-specific responses and dendritic cells (DCs) from these mice exhibit characteristics of tolerogenic DCs. Compared to aging wild-type (WT) mice, aging IL37-tg mice are protected against B-cell leukemogenesis and heart failure. Treatment of WT mice with recombinant human IL-37 has been shown to be protective in several models of inflammation and injury. IL-37 binds to the IL-18 receptor but then recruits the orphan IL-1R8 (formerly TIR8 or SIGIRR) in order to function as an inhibitor. Here, we review the discovery of IL-37, its production, release, and mechanisms by which IL-37 reduces inflammation and suppresses immune responses. The data reviewed here suggest a therapeutic potential for IL-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Dinarello
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Suzhao Li
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Deckers J, De Bosscher K, Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. Interplay between barrier epithelial cells and dendritic cells in allergic sensitization through the lung and the skin. Immunol Rev 2017; 278:131-144. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Deckers
- Department of Internal Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology; VIB Center for Inflammation Research; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories; Nuclear Receptor Lab; VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology; Ghent Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Department of Biochemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories; Nuclear Receptor Lab; VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology; VIB Center for Inflammation Research; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Department of Internal Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology; VIB Center for Inflammation Research; Ghent Belgium
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14
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Zakeri A, Yazdi FG. Toll-like receptor-mediated involvement of innate immune cells in asthma disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3270-3277. [PMID: 27543676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune cells as the first line of defense are adept at recognizing and triggering appropriate response against various pathogens. Apart from the protective functions, the innate immunity plays an essential role in mediation of allergic responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) and airway epithelial cells (AECs) along with other innate cells such as granulocytes, natural killer cells (NKs), natural killer T cells (NKTs), and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) are able to orchestrate allergic responses, especially asthma. Chronic stimulation of TLRs by airway stimuli induces local inflammation which gradually results in the recruitment and settling of innate cells around airways. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses how recruitment and accumulation of the inflammatory cells in the site of insult facilitate hypersensitivity reactions and initiate airway inflammation. We indicate that these cells are well equipped to highly sensitive receptors known as toll-like receptors (TLRs) making them fit to prime adaptive immune response. Based on emerging findings, we highlight the pivotal role of TLRs in regulation of innate cells function in the context of asthma disease. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of the TLRs of innate cells by allergens has been found to accelerate and regulate allergic airway inflammation. In fact, the sophisticated interaction between environmental allergens and TLRs leads to release of various pro-inflammatory mediators from innate cells supporting asthma development. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review highlights that TLRs have a substantial role in priming innate cells and cytokine release, suggesting that the involvement of TLRs of innate immune cells can modulate the function of these cells in asthma disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zakeri
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fariba Ghiamati Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran
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15
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Duong KM, Arikkatt J, Ullah MA, Lynch JP, Zhang V, Atkinson K, Sly PD, Phipps S. Immunomodulation of airway epithelium cell activation by mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:615-24. [PMID: 25789608 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0431oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is underpinned by T helper 2 (Th2) inflammation. Redundancy in Th2 cytokine function and production by innate and adaptive immune cells suggests that strategies aimed at immunomodulation may prove more beneficial. Hence, we sought to determine whether administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to house dust mite (HDM) (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)-sensitized mice would suppress the development of Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after HDM challenge. We report that the intravenous administration of allogeneic donor MSCs 1 hour before allergen challenge significantly attenuated the features of allergic asthma, including tissue eosinophilia, Th2 cytokine (IL-5 and IL-13) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and AHR. The number of infiltrating type 2 innate lymphoid cells was not affected by MSC transfer, suggesting that MSCs may modulate the adaptive arm of Th2 immunity. The effect of MSC administration was long lasting; all features of allergic airway disease were significantly suppressed in response to a second round of HDM challenge 4 weeks after MSC administration. Further, we observed that MSCs decreased the release of epithelial cell-derived alarmins IL-1α and high mobility group box-1 in an IL-1 receptor antagonist-dependent manner. This significantly decreased the expression of the pro-Th2 cytokine IL-25 and reduced the number of activated and antigen-acquiring CD11c(+)CD11b(+) dendritic cells in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that MSC administration can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation by blunting the amplification of epithelial-derived inflammatory cytokines induced by HDM exposure and may offer long-term protection against Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation and AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang M Duong
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Jaisy Arikkatt
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - M Ashik Ullah
- 2 The Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane
| | - Jason P Lynch
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Vivian Zhang
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Kerry Atkinson
- 3 The Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane.,4 The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane; and
| | - Peter D Sly
- 5 The Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
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16
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Kurakula K, Vos M, Logiantara A, Roelofs JJTH, Nieuwenhuis MA, Koppelman GH, Postma DS, Brandsma CA, Sin DD, Bossé Y, Nickle DC, van Rijt LS, de Vries CJM. Deficiency of FHL2 attenuates airway inflammation in mice and genetic variation associates with human bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Allergy 2015. [PMID: 26222912 DOI: 10.1111/all.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an inflammatory disease that involves airway hyper-responsiveness and mucus hypersecretion. The LIM-only protein FHL2 is a crucial modulator of multiple signal transduction pathways and functions as a scaffold in specific protein-protein interactions. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of FHL2 in airway inflammation. METHODS Allergic airway inflammation was induced in WT and FHL2-knock out (FHL2-KO) mice with ovalbumin (OVA). Lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and draining lymph node cells were analysed for inflammation. FHL2 loss and gain of function studies were performed in lung epithelial cells. RESULTS FHL2-deficient mice challenged with OVA show significantly reduced airway inflammation as evidenced by reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophils, dendritic cells, B cells and T cells. Furthermore, mucus production was decreased in FHL2-KO mice. In BALF, the levels of IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-2 were significantly lower in FHL2-KO mice. In addition, draining lymph node cells from FHL2-KO mice show reduced levels of IL-5 and IL-13. Consistent with this, OVA-specific serum IgG and IgE levels were reduced in FHL2-KO mice. We also found that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is markedly attenuated in FHL2-KO lung. Knock-down of FHL2 in human lung epithelial cells resulted in a striking decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and MUC5AC, whereas FHL2 overexpression exhibited opposite effects. Finally, the SNP rs4851765 shows an association with the severity of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. CONCLUSION These results highlight functional involvement of FHL2 in airway inflammation and identify FHL2 as a novel gene associated with asthma severity in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kurakula
- Deartment of Medical Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Vos
- Deartment of Medical Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - A. Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. J. T. H. Roelofs
- Department of Pathology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Nieuwenhuis
- University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Department of Pulmonology; GRIAC Research Institute; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - G. H. Koppelman
- University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology; Beatrix Children's Hospital; GRIAC Research Institute; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - D. S. Postma
- University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Department of Pulmonology; GRIAC Research Institute; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - C. A. Brandsma
- University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; GRIAC Research Institute; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - D. D. Sin
- The University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Laboratory; St Paul's Hospital; Vancouver Canada
- Respiratory Division; Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Y. Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Laval University; Quebec City Canada
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec; Laval University; Quebec City Canada
| | - D. C. Nickle
- Genetics; Rosetta Inpharmatics; Merck Seattle WA USA
- Merck Research Laboratories; Boston MA USA
| | - L. S. van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - C. J. M. de Vries
- Deartment of Medical Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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17
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Lunding L, Schröder A, Wegmann M. Allergic airway inflammation: unravelling the relationship between IL-37, IL-18Rα and Tir8/SIGIRR. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:739-50. [PMID: 26561030 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of allergic bronchial asthma arise from chronic airway inflammation. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms regulating the maintenance of this chronic inflammatory response is key to understanding asthma pathogenesis. To date, it is not clear whether a predominance of proinflammatory factors or a reduced capacity of counterbalancing anti-inflammatory mediators is the pivotal factor predisposing individuals towards asthma development. The IL-1 cytokine family and its receptor systems comprise a variety of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18 and anti-inflammatory molecules such as the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor 8/single Ig IL-1 receptor (IL-R)-related molecule (Tir8/SIGIRR) and the recently established cytokine IL-37. This article reviews the functions of these IL-1 cytokine family members in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation and asthma as they have been assessed clinically, in vitro and in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lunding
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
| | - Alexandra Schröder
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
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18
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Palomo J, Dietrich D, Martin P, Palmer G, Gabay C. The interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family--Balance between agonists and antagonists in inflammatory diseases. Cytokine 2015; 76:25-37. [PMID: 26185894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines comprises 11 members, including 7 pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and 4 defined or putative antagonists (IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-36Ra, IL-37, and IL-38) exerting anti-inflammatory activities. Except for IL-1Ra, IL-1 cytokines do not possess a leader sequence and are secreted via an unconventional pathway. In addition, IL-1β and IL-18 are produced as biologically inert pro-peptides that require cleavage by caspase-1 in their N-terminal region to generate active proteins. N-terminal processing is also required for full activity of IL-36 cytokines. The IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) family comprises 10 members and includes cytokine-specific receptors, co-receptors and inhibitory receptors. The signaling IL-1Rs share a common structure with three extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and an intracellular Toll-like/IL-1R (TIR) domain. IL-1 cytokines bind to their specific receptor, which leads to the recruitment of a co-receptor and intracellular signaling. IL-1 cytokines induce potent inflammatory responses and their activity is tightly controlled at the level of production, protein processing and maturation, receptor binding and post-receptor signaling by naturally occurring inhibitors. Some of these inhibitors are IL-1 family antagonists, while others are IL-1R family members acting as membrane-bound or soluble decoy receptors. An imbalance between agonist and antagonist levels can lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Several genetic modifications or mutations associated with dysregulated IL-1 activity and autoinflammatory disorders were identified in mouse models and in patients. These findings paved the road to the successful use of IL-1 inhibitors in diseases that were previously considered as untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Palomo
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Damien Dietrich
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Praxedis Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland.
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Allergens and the airway epithelium response: gateway to allergic sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 134:499-507. [PMID: 25171864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic sensitization to inhaled antigens is common but poorly understood. Although lung epithelial cells were initially merely regarded as a passive barrier impeding allergen penetrance, we now realize that they recognize allergens through expression of pattern recognition receptors and mount an innate immune response driven by activation of nuclear factor κB. On allergen recognition, epithelial cells release cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and GM-CSF, and endogenous danger signals, such as high-mobility group box 1, uric acid, and ATP, that activate the dendritic cell network and other innate immune cells, such as basophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Different allergens stimulate different aspects of this general scheme, and common environmental risk factors for sensitization, such as cigarette smoke and diesel particle exposure, do so as well. All of this is influenced by genetic polymorphisms affecting epithelial pattern recognition, barrier function, and cytokine production. Therefore, epithelial cells are crucial in determining the outcome of allergen inhalation.
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20
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Abstract
The IL-1 family of ligands and receptors has a central role in both innate and adaptive immune responses and is tightly controlled by antagonists, decoy receptors, scavengers, dominant negative molecules, miRNAs and other mechanisms, acting extracellularly or intracellularly. During evolution, the development of multiple mechanisms of negative regulation reveals the need for tight control of the biological consequences of IL-1 family ligands in order to balance local and systemic inflammation and limit immunopathology. Indeed, studies with gene targeted mice for negative regulators and genetic studies in humans provide evidence for their non-redundant role in controlling inflammation, tissue damage and adaptive responses. In addition, studies have revealed the need of negative regulation of the IL-1 family not only in disease, but also in homeostatic conditions. In this review, the negative regulation mediated by decoy receptors are presented and include IL-1R2 and IL-IL-18BP as well as atypical receptors, which include TIR8/SIGIRR, IL-1RAcPb, TIGIRR-1 and IL-1RAPL. Particular emphasis is given to IL-1R2, since its discovery is the basis for the formulation of the decoy paradigm, now considered a general strategy to counter the primary inflammatory activities of cytokines and chemokines. Emphasis is also given to TIR8, a prototypical negative regulatory receptor having non-redundant roles in limiting inflammation and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bonavita
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
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