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Mohammed OA, Youssef ME, Doghish AS, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Alghamdi M, Alamri MMS, Alfaifi J, Adam MIE, Alharthi MH, Alhalafi AH, Bahashwan E, Rezigalla AA, BinAfif DF, Abdel-Ghany S, Attia MA, Elmorsy EA, Al-Noshokaty TM, Fikry H, Saleh LA, Saber S. A novel combination therapy targets sonic hedgehog signaling by the dual inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and HSP90 in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 198:106792. [PMID: 38714237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by liver inflammation, fat accumulation, and collagen deposition. Due to the limited availability of effective treatments, there is a pressing need to develop innovative strategies. Given the complex nature of the disease, employing combination approaches is essential. Hedgehog signaling has been recognized as potentially promoting NASH, and cholesterol can influence this signaling by modifying the conformation of PTCH1 and SMO activity. HSP90 plays a role in the stability of SMO and GLI proteins. We revealed significant positive correlations between Hedgehog signaling proteins (Shh, SMO, GLI1, and GLI2) and both cholesterol and HSP90 levels. Herein, we investigated the novel combination of the cholesterol-lowering agent lovastatin and the HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 in vitro and in vivo. The combination demonstrated a synergy score of 15.09 and an MSA score of 22.85, as estimated by the ZIP synergy model based on growth inhibition rates in HepG2 cells. In a NASH rat model induced by thioacetamide and a high-fat diet, this combination therapy extended survival, improved liver function and histology, and enhanced antioxidant defense. Additionally, the combination exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic potential by influencing the levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, TIMP-1, and PDGF-BB. This effect was evident in the suppression of the Col1a1 gene expression and the levels of hydroxyproline and α-SMA. These favorable outcomes may be attributed to the combination's potential to inhibit key Hedgehog signaling molecules. In conclusion, exploring the applicability of this combination contributes to a more comprehensive understanding and improved management of NASH and other fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Rabab S Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Mushabab Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad Mohammad S Alamri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoud I E Adam
- Department of Medical Education and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muffarah Hamid Alharthi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hassan Alhalafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Bahashwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, College of medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assad Ali Rezigalla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daad Fuad BinAfif
- Department of Medicine, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 24246, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of basic medical sciences, Ibn Sina University for medical sciences, Amman 16197, Jordan
| | - Mohammed A Attia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed A Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Tohada M Al-Noshokaty
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Heba Fikry
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Saleh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collage of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
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Burgy O, Mailleux AA. ATAC-ing single nucleus in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: TWIST1 strives back for myofibroblasts. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2300881. [PMID: 37419523 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00881-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Burgy
- INSERM U1231, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Constitutive Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases - OrphaLung, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud A Mailleux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et épidémiologie des maladies respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France
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Lahmar Z, Ahmed E, Fort A, Vachier I, Bourdin A, Bergougnoux A. Hedgehog pathway and its inhibitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108295. [PMID: 36191777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
COPD affects millions of people and is now ranked as the third leading cause of death worldwide. This largely untreatable chronic airway disease results in irreversible destruction of lung architecture. The small lung hypothesis is now supported by epidemiological, physiological and clinical studies. Accordingly, the early and severe COPD phenotype carries the most dreadful prognosis and finds its roots during lung growth. Pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood and implicate individual susceptibility (genetics), a large part of environmental factors (viral infections, tobacco consumption, air pollution) and the combined effects of those triggers on gene expression. Genetic susceptibility is most likely involved as the disease is severe and starts early in life. The latter observation led to the identification of Mendelian inheritance via disease-causing variants of SERPINA1 - known as the basis for alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, and TERT. In the last two decades multiple genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with COPD. High significance SNPs are located in 4q31 near HHIP which encodes an evolutionarily highly conserved physiological inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway (HH). HHIP is critical to several in utero developmental lung processes. It is also implicated in homeostasis, injury response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor resistance to apoptosis. A few studies have reported decreased HHIP RNA and protein levels in human adult COPD lungs. HHIP+/- murine models led to emphysema. HH pathway inhibitors, such as vismodegib and sonidegib, are already validated in oncology, whereas other drugs have evidenced in vitro effects. Targeting the Hedgehog pathway could lead to a new therapeutic avenue in COPD. In this review, we focused on the early and severe COPD phenotype and the small lung hypothesis by exploring genetic susceptibility traits that are potentially treatable, thus summarizing promising therapeutics for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lahmar
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - A Fort
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - I Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - A Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - A Bergougnoux
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénomique, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314959. [PMID: 36499287 PMCID: PMC9735580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.
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Hedgehog Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Airway Remodeling and Inflammation in Allergic Asthma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193016. [PMID: 36230980 PMCID: PMC9562640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that variants of patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) are associated with lung function abnormalities in the general population. It has also been shown that sonic hedgehog (SHH), an important ligand for PTCH1, is upregulated in the airway epithelium of patients with asthma and is suggested to be involved in airway remodeling. The contribution of hedgehog signaling to airway remodeling and inflammation in asthma is poorly described. To determine the biological role of hedgehog signaling-associated genes in asthma, gene silencing, over-expression, and pharmacologic inhibition studies were conducted after stimulating human airway epithelial cells or not with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), an important fibrotic mediator in asthmatic airway remodeling that also interacts with SHH pathway. TGFβ1 increased hedgehog-signaling-related gene expression including SHH, GLI1 and GLI2. Knockdown of PTCH1 or SMO with siRNA, or use of hedgehog signaling inhibitors, consistently attenuated COL1A1 expression induced by TGFβ1 stimulation. In contrast, Ptch1 over-expression augmented TGFβ1-induced an increase in COL1A1 and MMP2 gene expression. We also showed an increase in hedgehog-signaling-related gene expression in primary airway epithelial cells from controls and asthmatics at different stages of cellular differentiation. GANT61, an inhibitor of GLI1/2, attenuated TGFβ1-induced increase in COL1A1 protein expression in primary airway epithelial cells differentiated in air–liquid interface. Finally, to model airway tissue remodeling in vivo, C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) and Ptch1+/− mice were intranasally challenged with house dust mite (HDM) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. Ptch1+/− mice showed reduced sub-epithelial collagen expression and serum inflammatory proteins compared to WT mice in response to HDM challenge. In conclusion, TGFβ1-induced airway remodeling is partially mediated through the hedgehog signaling pathway via the PTCH1-SMO-GLI axis. The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a promising new potential therapeutic target to alleviate airway tissue remodeling in patients with allergic airways disease.
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6
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Kim E, Mathai SK, Stancil IT, Ma X, Hernandez-Gutierrez A, Becerra JN, Marrero-Torres E, Hennessy CE, Hatakka K, Wartchow EP, Estrella A, Huber JP, Cardwell JH, Burnham EL, Zhang Y, Evans CM, Vladar EK, Schwartz DA, Dobrinskikh E, Yang IV. Aberrant Multiciliogenesis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:188-200. [PMID: 35608953 PMCID: PMC9348560 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0554oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a novel molecular subtype of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) defined by increased expression of cilium-associated genes, airway mucin gene MUC5B, and KRT5 marker of basal cell airway progenitors. Here we show the association of MUC5B and cilia gene expression in human IPF airway epithelial cells, providing further rationale for examining the role of cilium genes in the pathogenesis of IPF. We demonstrate increased multiciliogenesis and changes in motile cilia structure of multiciliated cells both in IPF and bleomycin lung fibrosis models. Importantly, conditional deletion of a cilium gene, Ift88 (intraflagellar transport 88), in Krt5 basal cells reduces Krt5 pod formation and lung fibrosis, whereas no changes are observed in Ift88 conditional deletion in club cell progenitors. Our findings indicate that aberrant injury-activated primary ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling may play a causative role in Krt5 pod formation, which leads to aberrant multiciliogenesis and lung fibrosis. This implies that modulating cilium gene expression in Krt5 cell progenitors is a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and
| | | | | | - Xiaoqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | | | - Emilette Marrero-Torres
- Department of Medicine-M.D. Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Eric P. Wartchow
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | | | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | | | | | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
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7
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Zeng LH, Barkat MQ, Syed SK, Shah S, Abbas G, Xu C, Mahdy A, Hussain N, Hussain L, Majeed A, Khan KUR, Wu X, Hussain M. Hedgehog Signaling: Linking Embryonic Lung Development and Asthmatic Airway Remodeling. Cells 2022; 11:1774. [PMID: 35681469 PMCID: PMC9179967 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the embryonic lung demands complex endodermal-mesodermal interactions, which are regulated by a variety of signaling proteins. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is vital for lung development. It plays a key regulatory role during several morphogenic mechanisms, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and persistence of cells. On the other hand, abnormal expression or loss of regulation of Hh signaling leads to airway asthmatic remodeling, which is characterized by cellular matrix modification in the respiratory system, goblet cell hyperplasia, deposition of collagen, epithelial cell apoptosis, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts. Hh also targets some of the pathogens and seems to have a significant function in tissue repairment and immune-related disorders. Similarly, aberrant Hh signaling expression is critically associated with the etiology of a variety of other airway lung diseases, mainly, bronchial or tissue fibrosis, lung cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, suggesting that controlled regulation of Hh signaling is crucial to retain healthy lung functioning. Moreover, shreds of evidence imply that the Hh signaling pathway links to lung organogenesis and asthmatic airway remodeling. Here, we compiled all up-to-date investigations linked with the role of Hh signaling in the development of lungs as well as the attribution of Hh signaling in impairment of lung expansion, airway remodeling, and immune response. In addition, we included all current investigational and therapeutic approaches to treat airway asthmatic remodeling and immune system pathway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China;
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Q.B.); (C.X.)
| | - Shahzada Khurram Syed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Shahid Shah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.S.); (G.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.S.); (G.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Q.B.); (C.X.)
| | - Amina Mahdy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34000, Turkey;
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.S.); (G.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Mulatn 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China;
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
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Ghanem M, Mailleux AA. Aberrant Multiciliogenesis in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Bystander or Driver of Disease Progression? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:142-144. [PMID: 35612966 PMCID: PMC9348563 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0201ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mada Ghanem
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PHERE, Paris, France
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9
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Justet A, Ghanem M, Boghanim T, Hachem M, Vasarmidi E, Jaillet M, Vadel A, Joannes A, Mordant P, Bonniaud P, Kolb M, Ling L, Cazes A, Mal H, Mailleux A, Crestani B. FGF19 is Downregulated in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Inhibits Lung Fibrosis in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:173-187. [PMID: 35549849 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0246oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IPF is a devastating lung disease with limited therapeutic possibilities. FGF19, an endocrine FGF, was recently shown to decrease liver fibrosis. To ask whether FGF19 had anti-fibrotic properties in the lung and decipher its effects on common features associated with lung fibrogenesis. We assessed, by Elisa, FGF19 levels in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF)obtained from controls and IPF patients. In vivo, using an intravenously administered adeno11 associated virus (AAV), we overexpressed FGF19 at the fibrotic phase of two experimental models of murine lung fibrosis and assessed its effect on lung morphology, lung collagen content, fibrosis markers and pro fibrotic mediator expression, at mRNA and protein levels. In vitro, we investigated whether FGF19 could modulate the TGFβ-induced differentiation of primary human lung fibroblast into myofibroblast and the apoptosis of murine alveolar type II cell. While FGF19 was not detected in BALF, FGF19 concentration was decreased in the plasma of IPF patients compared to controls. In vivo, the overexpression of FGF19 was associated with a marked decrease of lung fibrosis and fibrosis markers, with a decrease of pro fibrotic mediator expression and lung collagen content. In vitro, FGF19 decreased alveolar type 2 epithelial cell apoptosis through the decrease of the proapoptotic BIM protein expression and prevented TGF-ß induced myofibroblast differentiation through the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation. Altogether these data identify FGF19 as an anti-fibrotic molecule with a potential therapeutic interest in fibrotic lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Audrey Joannes
- INSERM U1085, IRSET Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, 26930, Bichat Hospital, Department of Vascular and Thoracic Sugery, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1152, Paris, France.,Universite Paris Diderot UFR de Medecine Site Xavier-Bichat, 60152, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bonniaud
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Dijon, France
| | - Martin Kolb
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Ling
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals Inc, 200841, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | | | - Arnaud Mailleux
- Inserm U700, Faculté de Médecine Paris 7, site X. Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France;
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10
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Yang X, Sun W, Jing X, Zhang Q, Huang H, Xu Z. C/EBP homologous protein promotes Sonic Hedgehog secretion from type II alveolar epithelial cells and activates Hedgehog signaling pathway of fibroblast in pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:86. [PMID: 35395850 PMCID: PMC8991723 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis, including IPF. It affects a broad scope of cellular types during pulmonary fibrosis but the role in epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk has not been fully defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Shh secretion by ER stress-challenged type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) on fibroblast and pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Conditioned medium (CM) from tunicamycin (TM)-treated AECII was collected and incubated with fibroblast. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used for RNA interference of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). The effects of CHOP and HH signaling were evaluated by TM administration under the background of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Results Both expression of CHOP and Shh in AECII, and HH signaling in mesenchyme were upregulated in IPF lung. TM-induced Shh secretion from AECII activates HH signaling and promotes pro-fibrotic effects of fibroblast. Interfering CHOP expression reduced ER stress-induced Shh secretion and alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Conclusions Our work identified a novel mechanism by which ER stress is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Inhibition of ER stress or CHOP in epithelial cells alleviated pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing Shh/HH signaling pathway of fibroblasts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02012-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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11
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The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Resurrection Time. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010171. [PMID: 35008597 PMCID: PMC8745434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a sophisticated conserved cell signaling pathway that plays an essential role in controlling cell specification and proliferation, survival factors, and tissue patterning formation during embryonic development. Hh signal activity does not entirely disappear after development and may be reactivated in adulthood within tissue-injury-associated diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The dysregulation of Hh-associated activating transcription factors, genomic abnormalities, and microenvironments is a co-factor that induces the initiation and progression of IPF.
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12
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Eleraky AF, Helal GK, Elshafie MF, Ismail RS. Concomitant inhibition of hedgehog signalling and activation of retinoid receptors abolishes bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1024-1040. [PMID: 33576062 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with unknown treatment. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by different mechanistic pathways. However, the role of retinoid receptors in lung fibrosis is still unclear. Forskolin (FSK), a potent inhibitor for the revolutionary hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, has a promising antifibrotic effect on other organs such as the liver. This study investigates the interplay between the retinoid receptors modulation and the Hh signalling pathway in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Rats were randomised and administrated a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of BLM alone and with ATRA, FSK and both of them. The effects of FSK and ATRA on lung functions, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]), retinoid markers (retinoic acid receptors [RAR] and rexinoid X receptors [RXR]) and Hh signalling markers (patched homolog 1 [Ptch-1], Smoothened [Smo] and glioblastoma-2 [Gli-2]) were assessed. In single therapies, ATRA and FSK ameliorated BLM-induced lung fibrosis. On the contrary, a combination of both drugs synergistically reversed the effect of BLM-induced lung fibrosis, as indicated by the enhancement of lung functions and the decrease of the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and collagen deposition. Additionally, FSK and ATRA ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels and reversed the effect of BLM on the mRNA expression of Ptch-1, Smo and Gli-2. FSK inhibited the Hh pathway and also activated protein kinase A (PKA) that is, in part, involved in phosphorylation of RAR/RXR heterodimer (a key step in retinoid receptor activation). The present results suggest that a combination of FSK and ATRA has a promising therapeutic value for lung fibrosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fawzy Eleraky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gouda Kamel Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Elshafie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raed S Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Yan J, Hu B, Shi W, Wang X, Shen J, Chen Y, Huang H, Jin L. Gli2-regulated activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis by TGF-β signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G720-G728. [PMID: 33728992 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00310.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is correlated with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and liver fibrosis. Gli2 is a key transcription effector of Hh signaling. However, the role of Gli2 in HSC-mediated liver fibrosis progression is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Gli2 on liver fibrogenesis and its possible mechanism using conditional knockout (cKO) Gli2 mice and HSC models. Wild-type (WT) and GFAP-CreERT;Gli2flox/flox male mice were exposed to CCl4 for 1 mo to induce liver fibrosis. Primary HSCs were isolated from mice and the transition of HSCs into a myofibroblastic phenotype was evaluated. Livers from mice underwent histological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analyses. The expression levels of proteins and genes were evaluated by Western blot (WB) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. RNA-seq was used to screen differentially expressed genes. Results showed that CCl4 treatment induced liver fibrosis, promoted HSCs activation and proliferation, and upregulated Hh signaling activity. The cKO of Gli2 in GFAP-CreERT;Gli2flox/flox mice decreased liver fibrosis as well as HSC activation and proliferation. In vitro studies showed that KO of Gli2 in HSCs blocked cell proliferation and activation by decrease of cyclin D1/D2 expression. The RNA-seq results revealed that the expression levels TGF-β1 ligands were downregulated in Gli2 KO HSCs. Furthermore, overexpression of Gli2 rescued proliferation and activation of HSCs by upregulation of TGF-β signaling activity. Our data demonstrated that Gli2 regulated HSC activation and liver fibrosis by TGF-β signaling, thus providing support for future Gli2-based investigations of liver fibrosis therapy.NEW & NOTEWORTHYGli2 is a key transcription effector of Hh signaling. We found that Hh/Gli2 signaling activity was upregulated in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Conditional deletion of the Gli2 gene in HSCs ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and HSCs activation. Moreover, Gli2 promoted activation of HSCs through upregulation of cyclin expression and TGF-β signaling activity. Thus, our data provide strong support for future investigations on Gli2 inhibition to slow liver fibrosis progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Yan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiayuan Shen
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.,Department of Pathology, Affliliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Huarong Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Jin
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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14
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Ji Q, Hou J, Yong X, Gong G, Muddassir M, Tang T, Xie J, Fan W, Chen X. Targeted Dual Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Delivery via Non-Viral Polymeric Vectors for Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007798. [PMID: 33604928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting the myofibroblast differentiation of lung-resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) is a promising yet challenging approach for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) therapy. Here, micelles formed by a graft copolymer of multiple PEGs modified branched polyethylenimine are used for delivering runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) (siRUNX1) to the lung, aiming to inhibit the myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs. LR-MSC targeting is achieved by functionalizing the micelle surface with an anti-stem-cell antigen-1 antibody fragment (Fab'). Consequently, therapeutic benefits are obtained by successful suppression of myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs in bleomycin-induced PF model mice treated with siRUNX1-loaded micelles. Furthermore, an excellent synergistic effect of PF therapy is achieved for this micelle system loaded siRUNX1 and glioma-associated oncogene homolog-1 (Gli1) small interfering RNA (siGli1), a traditional anti-PF siRNA of glioma-associated oncogene homolog-1. Hence, this work not only provides RUNX1 as a novel PF therapeutic target, but also as a promising dual siRNA-loaded nanocarrier system for the therapy of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijian Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuyi People's Hospital, 28 Hongwu Road, Xuyi, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 211700, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xueqing Yong
- Department of Nuclear Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tianyu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Wenpei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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15
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Hou J, Ji J, Chen X, Cao H, Tan Y, Cui Y, Xiang Z, Han X. Alveolar epithelial cell-derived Sonic hedgehog promotes pulmonary fibrosis through OPN-dependent alternative macrophage activation. FEBS J 2020; 288:3530-3546. [PMID: 33314622 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The alternative activation of macrophages in the lungs has been considered as a major factor promoting pulmonary fibrogenesis; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still elusive. In this study, we investigated the interaction between macrophages and fibrosis-associated alveolar epithelial cells using a bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model and a coculture system. We demonstrated that fibrosis-promoting macrophages are spatially proximate to alveolar type II (ATII) cells, permissive for paracrine-induced macrophage polarization. Importantly, we revealed that fibrosis-associated ATII cells secrete Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a hedgehog pathway ligand, and that ATII cell-derived Shh promotes the development of pulmonary fibrosis by osteopontin (OPN)-mediated macrophage alternative activation. Mechanistically, Shh promotes the secretion of OPN in macrophages via Shh/Gli signaling cascade. The secreted OPN acts on the surrounding macrophages in an autocrine or paracrine manner and induces macrophage alternative activation through activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Tissue samples from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients confirmed the increased expression of Shh and OPN in ATII cells and macrophages, respectively. Together, our study illustrated an alveolar epithelium-dependent mechanism for macrophage M2 polarization and pulmonary fibrogenesis and suggested that targeting Shh may offer a selective and efficient therapeutic strategy for the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, China
| | - Honghui Cao
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, China
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16
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Froidure A, Marchal-Duval E, Homps-Legrand M, Ghanem M, Justet A, Crestani B, Mailleux A. Chaotic activation of developmental signalling pathways drives idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/158/190140. [PMID: 33208483 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0140-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by an important remodelling of lung parenchyma. Current evidence indicates that the disease is triggered by alveolar epithelium activation following chronic lung injury, resulting in alveolar epithelial type 2 cell hyperplasia and bronchiolisation of alveoli. Signals are then delivered to fibroblasts that undergo differentiation into myofibroblasts. These changes in lung architecture require the activation of developmental pathways that are important regulators of cell transformation, growth and migration. Among others, aberrant expression of profibrotic Wnt-β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β and Sonic hedgehog pathways in IPF fibroblasts has been assessed. In the present review, we will discuss the transcriptional integration of these different pathways during IPF as compared with lung early ontogeny. We will challenge the hypothesis that aberrant transcriptional integration of these pathways might be under the control of a chaotic dynamic, meaning that a small change in baseline conditions could be sufficient to trigger fibrosis rather than repair in a chronically injured lung. Finally, we will discuss some potential opportunities for treatment, either by suppressing deleterious mechanisms or by enhancing the expression of pathways involved in lung repair. Whether developmental mechanisms are involved in repair processes induced by stem cell therapy will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Froidure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium Service de pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmeline Marchal-Duval
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Meline Homps-Legrand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Mada Ghanem
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Justet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France.,Service de pneumologie, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mailleux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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17
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Gli1 + mesenchymal stromal cells form a pathological niche to promote airway progenitor metaplasia in the fibrotic lung. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1295-1306. [PMID: 33046884 PMCID: PMC7642162 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant epithelial reprogramming can induce metaplastic differentiation at sites of tissue injury, culminating in transformed barriers composed of scar and metaplastic epithelium. While the plasticity of epithelial stem cells is well-characterized, the identity and role of the niche has not been delineated in metaplasia. Here we show that Gli1+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), previously shown to contribute to myofibroblasts during scarring, promote metaplastic differentiation of airway progenitors into KRT5+ basal cells. During fibrotic repair, Gli1+ MSCs integrate hedgehog activation to upregulate BMP antagonism in the progenitor niche that promotes metaplasia. Restoring the balance towards BMP activation attenuated metaplastic KRT5+ differentiation while promoting adaptive alveolar differentiation into SFTPC+ epithelium. Finally, fibrotic human lungs demonstrate altered BMP activation in the metaplastic epithelium. These findings show that Gli1+ MSCs integrate hedgehog signaling as a rheostat to control BMP activation in the progenitor niche to determine regenerative outcome in fibrosis.
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18
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MiR-200a inversely correlates with Hedgehog and TGF-β canonical/non-canonical trajectories to orchestrate the anti-fibrotic effect of Tadalafil in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:167-182. [PMID: 32914382 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Few reports have documented the ability of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5-Is) to ameliorate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) mainly by their anti-inflammatory/antioxidant capacities, without unveiling the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Because of the recent role of miR-200 family and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) trajectory in IPF, we have studied their impact on the anti-fibrotic potential of tadalafil against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Animals were allocated into normal-control, bleomycin-fibrotic control, and bleomycin post-treated with tadalafil or dexamethasone, as the reference drug. On the molecular level, tadalafil has reverted the bleomycin effect on all the assessed parameters. Tadalafil upregulated the gene expression of miR-200a, but decreased the smoothened (SMO) and the transcription factors glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli-1, Gli-2), members of SHH pathway. Additionally, tadalafil ebbed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, its canonical (SMAD-3/alpha smooth muscle actin [α-SMA] and Snail), and non-canonical (p-Akt/p-Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) a) pathways. Besides, a strong negative correlation between miR-200a and the analyzed pathways was proved. The effect of tadalafil was further confirmed by the improved lung structure and the reduced Ashcroft score/collagen deposition. The results were comparable to that of dexamethasone. In conclusion, our study has highlighted the involvement of miR-200a in the anti-fibrotic effect of tadalafil with the inhibition of SHH hub and the pro-fibrotic pathways (TGF-β/ SMAD-3/α-SMA, Snail and p-AKT/p-FOXO3a). Potential anti-fibrotic effect of tadalafil. Modulation of miR200a/SHH/canonical and non-canonical TGF-β trajectories. → : stimulatory effect; ┴: inhibitory effect.
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19
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Jacquelin S, Kramer F, Mullally A, Lane SW. Murine Models of Myelofibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092381. [PMID: 32842500 PMCID: PMC7563264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is subtype of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by a relatively poor prognosis in patients. Understanding the factors that drive MF pathogenesis is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic approaches with the potential to improve patient care. Driver mutations in three main genes (janus kinase 2 (JAK2), calreticulin (CALR), and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL)) are recurrently mutated in MPN and are sufficient to engender MPN using animal models. Interestingly, animal studies have shown that the underlying molecular mutation and the acquisition of additional genetic lesions is associated with MF outcome and transition from early stage MPN such as essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) to secondary MF. In this issue, we review murine models that have contributed to a better characterization of MF pathobiology and identification of new therapeutic opportunities in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Jacquelin
- Cancer program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Frederike Kramer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Steven W. Lane
- Cancer program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Cancer Care Services, The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (S.W.L.)
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20
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Ancel J, Belgacemi R, Perotin JM, Diabasana Z, Dury S, Dewolf M, Bonnomet A, Lalun N, Birembaut P, Polette M, Deslée G, Dormoy V. Sonic hedgehog signalling as a potential endobronchial biomarker in COPD. Respir Res 2020; 21:207. [PMID: 32767976 PMCID: PMC7412648 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hedgehog (HH) pathway has been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in genome-wide association studies and recent studies suggest that HH signalling could be altered in COPD. We therefore used minimally invasive endobronchial procedures to assess activation of the HH pathway including the main transcription factor, Gli2, and the ligand, Sonic HH (Shh). METHODS Thirty non-COPD patients and 28 COPD patients were included. Bronchial brushings, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and bronchial biopsies were obtained from fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Characterization of cell populations and subcellular localization were evaluated by immunostaining. ELISA and RNAseq analysis were performed to identify Shh proteins in BAL and transcripts on lung tissues from non-COPD and COPD patients with validation in an external and independent cohort. RESULTS Compared to non-COPD patients, COPD patients exhibited a larger proportion of basal cells in bronchial brushings (26 ± 11% vs 13 ± 6%; p < 0.0001). Airway basal cells of COPD subjects presented less intense nuclear staining for Gli2 in bronchial brushings and biopsies (p < 0.05). Bronchial BALF from COPD patients contained lower Shh concentrations than non-COPD BALF (12.5 vs 40.9 pg/mL; p = 0.002); SHH transcripts were also reduced in COPD lungs in the validation cohort (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing HH pathway activation in respiratory samples collected by bronchoscopy and identifies impaired bronchial epithelial HH signalling in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ancel
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Randa Belgacemi
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Jeanne-Marie Perotin
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Zania Diabasana
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Dury
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Dewolf
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Bonnomet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France.,Platform of Cellular and Tissular Imaging (PICT), 51097, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Lalun
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Birembaut
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France.,University Hospital of Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire de Biopathologie, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Myriam Polette
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France.,University Hospital of Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire de Biopathologie, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Inserm, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France.
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21
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Parimon T, Yao C, Stripp BR, Noble PW, Chen P. Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells as Drivers of Lung Fibrosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2269. [PMID: 32218238 PMCID: PMC7177323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT2) are a heterogeneous population that have critical secretory and regenerative roles in the alveolus to maintain lung homeostasis. However, impairment to their normal functional capacity and development of a pro-fibrotic phenotype has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A number of factors contribute to AT2 death and dysfunction. As a mucosal surface, AT2 cells are exposed to environmental stresses that can have lasting effects that contribute to fibrogenesis. Genetical risks have also been identified that can cause AT2 impairment and the development of lung fibrosis. Furthermore, aging is a final factor that adds to the pathogenic changes in AT2 cells. Here, we will discuss the homeostatic role of AT2 cells and the studies that have recently defined the heterogeneity of this population of cells. Furthermore, we will review the mechanisms of AT2 death and dysfunction in the context of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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22
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Zhang Y, Distler JHW. Therapeutic molecular targets of SSc-ILD. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:17-30. [DOI: 10.1177/2397198319899013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a fibrosing chronic connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. A major hallmark of systemic sclerosis is the uncontrolled and persistent activation of fibroblasts, which release excessive amounts of extracellular matrix, lead to organ dysfunction, and cause high mobility and motility of patients. Systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease is one of the most common fibrotic organ manifestations in systemic sclerosis and a major cause of death. Treatment options for systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease and other fibrotic manifestations, however, remain very limited. Thus, there is a huge medical need for effective therapies that target tissue fibrosis, vascular alterations, inflammation, and autoimmune disease in systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease. In this review, we discuss data suggesting therapeutic ways to target different genes in distinct tissues/organs that contribute to the development of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg HW Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Jiayuan S, Junyan Y, Xiangzhen W, Zuping L, Jian N, Baowei H, Lifang J. Gant61 ameliorates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis by inhibition of Hedgehog signaling activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 387:114853. [PMID: 31816328 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As an intercellular signaling molecule, Hedgehog (Hh) plays a critical role in liver fibrosis/regeneration. Transcription effectors Gli1 and Gli2 are key components of the Hh signaling pathway. However, whether inhibition of Gli1/2 activity can affect liver fibrogenesis is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Gant61 (a Gli1/2 transcription factor inhibitor) on liver fibrosis and its possible mechanism. Wild-type and Shh-EGFP-Cre male mice were exposed to CCl4, and then treated with or without Gant61 for four weeks. The level of liver injury/fibrosis and expression levels of mRNA and protein related to the Hh ligand/pathway were assessed. In our study, CCl4 treatment induced liver injury/fibrosis and promoted activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In addition, CCl4 induced the expression of Shh ligands in and around the fibrotic lesion, accompanied by induction of mRNA and protein expression of Hh components (Smo, Gli1 and Gli2). However, administration of Gant61 decreased liver fibrosis by reduction in HSC number, down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of Hh components (Smo, Gli1 and Gli2), and cell-cycle arrest of HSCs. Our data highlight the importance of the Shh pathway for the development of liver fibrosis, and also suggest Glis as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Jiayuan
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of pathology, Affliliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Junyan
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Liu Zuping
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of pathology, Affliliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ni Jian
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Baowei
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jin Lifang
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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Kumar V, Dong Y, Kumar V, Almawash S, Mahato RI. The use of micelles to deliver potential hedgehog pathway inhibitor for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7537-7555. [PMID: 31695785 PMCID: PMC6831471 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays an essential role in liver fibrosis by promoting the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by enhancing their metabolism via yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Despite the presence of several inhibitors, Hh signaling cannot be controlled exclusively due to their poor efficacy and the lack of a suitable delivery system to the injury site. Therefore, it is rationale to develop new potent Hh inhibitors and suitable delivery carriers. Methods: Based on the structure and activity of Hh inhibitor GDC-0449, we replaced its sulfonamide group with two methylpyridine-2yl at amide nitrogen to synthesize MDB5. We compared the Hh pathway inhibition and anti-fibrotic effect of MDB5 with GDC-0449 in vitro. Next, we developed MDB5 loaded micelles using our methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-blockpoly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate-graft-dodecanol (PEG-PCC-g-DC) copolymer and characterized for physicochemical properties. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of MDB5 loaded micelles in common bile duct ligation (CBDL) induced liver fibrosis, mouse model. We also determined the intrahepatic distribution of fluorescently labeled micelles after MDB5 treatment. Results: Our results show that MDB5 was more potent in inhibiting Hh pathway components and HSC proliferation in vitro. We successfully developed MDB5 loaded micelles with particle size of 40 ± 10 nm and drug loading up to 10% w/w. MDB5 loaded micelles at the dose of 10 mg/kg were well tolerated by mice, without visible sign of toxicity. The serum enzyme activities elevated by CBDL was significantly decreased by MDB5 loaded micelles compared to GDC-0449 loaded micelles. MDB5 loaded micelles further decreased collagen deposition, HSC activation, and Hh activity and its target genes in the liver. MDB5 loaded micelles also prevented liver sinusoidal endothelial capillarization (LSEC) and therefore restored perfusion between blood and liver cells. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that MDB5 was more potent in inhibiting Hh pathway in HSC-T6 cells and showed better hepatoprotection in CBDL mice compared to GDC-0449.
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Chen X, Li XF, Chen Y, Zhu S, Li HD, Chen SY, Wang JN, Pan XY, Bu FT, Huang C, Li J. Hesperetin derivative attenuates CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis and inflammation by Gli-1-dependent mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105838. [PMID: 31473406 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, a common pathological feature and leading cause of various chronic liver diseases, still lacks effective therapy. Hesperetin derivative (HD) is a derivative of Traditional Chinese Medicine monomer isolated from the fruit peel of Citrusaurantium L. (Rutaceae). In the present study, we revealed the anti-fibrotic effects of HD in CCl4-induced mouse hepatic fibrosis model and in TGF-β1-activated LX-2 cells, in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that HD prevented CCl4-induced liver injury and histological damage. Consistently, HD inhibited the up-regulation of liver fibrogenesis markers α-SMA, Col1α1, Col3α1 and TIMP-1 in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and suppressed inflammatory responses in primary liver macrophages from hepatic fibrosis mice. Furthermore, HD promoted the apoptosis of activated HSCs, a key step in the onset of fibrosis regression. Mechanistically, the Hedgehog pathway was involved in HD-treated hepatic fibrosis, and HD specifically contributed to attenuate the aberrant expression of Glioma associated oncogene-1 (Gli-1). Interestingly, blockade of Gli-1 removed the inhibitory effect of HD on activated HSCs, indicating that Gli-1 may play a pivotal role in mediating the anti-fibrotic effect of HD in hepatic fibrosis. Collectively, our results suggest that HD may be a potential anti-fibrotic Traditional Chinese Medicine monomer for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Sai Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xue-Yin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fang-Tian Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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26
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Common Pathogenic Mechanisms Between Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer. Chest 2019; 156:383-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Wang C, Cassandras M, Peng T. The Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Adult Lung Regeneration and Maintenance. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7030014. [PMID: 31323955 PMCID: PMC6787692 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a secreted morphogen, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) determines differential cell fates, behaviors, and functions by forming a gradient of Hedgehog (Hh) activation along an axis of Hh-receptive cells during development. Despite clearly delineated roles for Hh during organ morphogenesis, whether Hh continues to regulate cell fate and behavior in the same fashion in adult organs is less understood. Adult organs, particularly barrier organs interfacing with the ambient environment, are exposed to insults that require renewal of cellular populations to maintain structural integrity. Understanding key aspects of Hh’s ability to generate an organ could translate into conceptual understanding of Hh’s ability to maintain organ homeostasis and stimulate regeneration. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about Hh signaling in regulating adult lung regeneration and maintenance, and discuss how alteration of Hh signaling contributes to adult lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Monica Cassandras
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tien Peng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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28
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Zhang B, Xu H, Zhang Y, Yi X, Zhang G, Zhang X, Xu D, Gao X, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wei Z, Li S, Zhang L, Wang R, Yang F. Targeting the RAS axis alleviates silicotic fibrosis and Ang II-induced myofibroblast differentiation via inhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2019; 313:30-41. [PMID: 31181250 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an important role in lung development, but its significance in silicosis is unclear. We showed that in human coal pneumoconiosis autopsy specimens, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and the Glioma-associated oncogene homolog transcription factors family (GLI) 1 proteins were up-regulated, whereas Patch-1 (PTC) was down-regulated. The protein levels of SHH, smoothened (SMO), GLI1, GLI2, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) were also elevated gradually in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of different stages of coal pneumoconiosis patients, dynamic silica-inhalation rat lung tissue and MRC-5 cells induced by Ang II at different time points, whereas the PTC and GLI3 levels were diminished gradually. Ac-SDKP, an active peptide of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is an anti-fibrotic tetrapeptide. Targeting RAS axis also has anti-silicotic fibrosis effects. However, their roles on the HH pathway are still unknown. Here, we reported that Ac-SDKP + Captopril, Ac-SDKP, Captopril, or Ang (1-7) could alleviate silicotic fibrosis and collagen deposition, as well as improve the lung functions of silicotic rat. These treatments decreased the expression of SHH, SMO, GLI1, GLI2, α-SMA, and Col Ⅰ and increased the expression of PTC and GLI3 on both the silicotic rat lung tissue and MRC-5 cells induced by Ang II. We also reported that Ang II may promote myofibroblast differentiation via the GLI1 transcription factor and independently of the SMO receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Clinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue Yi
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Clinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Dingjie Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xuemin Gao
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Clinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Clinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shumin Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Clinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
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29
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Gli signaling pathway modulates fibroblast activation and facilitates scar formation in pulmonary fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:684-690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Galperin I, Dempwolff L, Diederich WE, Lauth M. Inhibiting Hedgehog: An Update on Pharmacological Compounds and Targeting Strategies. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8392-8411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Galperin
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Dempwolff
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wibke E. Diederich
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Medicinal Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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31
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Kugler MC, Yie TA, Cai Y, Berger JZ, Loomis CA, Munger JS. The Hedgehog target Gli1 is not required for bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:22-29. [PMID: 30982371 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1601795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, a developmental pathway promoting lung mesenchymal expansion and differentiation during embryogenesis, has been increasingly recognized as a profibrotic factor in mature lung, where it might contribute to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Pathway inhibition at the level of the downstream Gli transcription factors Gli1 and Gli2 (by GANT61) ameliorates lung fibrosis in the bleomycin model, whereas inhibition proximally at the level of HH ligand (by anti Hh antibody 5E1) or Smo (by GDC-0449) of the canonical pathway does not, implicating Gli1 and/or Gli2 as a key target. The fact that both the Gli1-labelled cell lineage and Gli1 expressing cells expand during fibrosis formation and contribute significantly to the pool of myofibroblasts in the fibrosis scars suggests a fibrogenic role for Gli1. Therefore to further dissect the roles of Gli1 and Gli2 in lung fibrosis we evaluated Gli1 KO and control mice in the bleomycin model. Monitoring of Gli1+/+ (n = 12), Gli1lZ/+ (n = 37) and Gli1lZ/lZ (n = 18) mice did not reveal differences in weight loss or survival. Lung evaluation at the 21-day endpoint did not show differences in lung fibrosis formation (as judged by morphology and trichrome staining), Ashcroft score, lung collagen content, lung weight, BAL protein content or BAL cell differential count. Our data suggest that Gli1 is not required for bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Kugler
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , New York School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Ting-An Yie
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , New York School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Yi Cai
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , New York School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | | | - Cynthia A Loomis
- c Department of Pathology , New York School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - John S Munger
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , New York School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,d Cell Biology , New York School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
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32
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Ligustrazin increases lung cell autophagy and ameliorates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog signalling via increasing miR-193a expression. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:35. [PMID: 30744607 PMCID: PMC6371511 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels largely determine pulmonary fibrosis. Antioxidants have been found to ameliorate lung fibrosis after long-term paraquat (PQ) exposure. The effects of antioxidants, however, on the signalling pathways involved in PQ-induced lung fibrosis have not yet been investigated sufficiently. Here, we examined the impacts of ligustrazin on lung fibrosis, in particular ROS-related autophagy and pro-fibrotic signalling pathways, using a murine model of PQ-induced lung fibrosis. Methods We explored the effects of microRNA-193 (miR-193a) on Hedgehog (Hh) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling and oxidative stress in lung tissues. Levels of miR-193a, protein kinase B (Akt), phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K), ceclin1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), sonic hedgehog (SHH), myosin-like Bcl2 interacting protein (LC3), smoothened (Smo), and glioma-associated oncogene-1 (Gli-1) mRNAs were determined with quantitative real-time PCR. Protein levels of PI3K, p-mTOR, p-Akt, SHH, beclin1, gGli-1, LC3, smo, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), mothers against DPP homologue-2 (Smad2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen I, collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and p-Smad2 were detected by western blotting. In addition, α-SMA, malondialdehyde, ROS, superoxide dismutase (SOD), oxidised and reduced glutathione, hydroxyproline, and overall collagen levels were identified in lung tissues using immunohistochemistry. Results Long-term PQ exposure blocked miR-193a expression, reduced PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling, increased oxidative stress, inhibited autophagy, increased Hh signalling, and facilitated the formation of pulmonary fibrosis. Ligustrazin blocked PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hh signalling as well as reduced oxidative stress via increasing miR-193a expression and autophagy, all of which reduced pulmonary fibrosis. These effects of ligustrazin were accompanied by reduced TGF-β1, CTGF, and Collagen I and III expression. Conclusions Ligustrazin blocked PQ-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hh signalling by increasing miR-193a expression, thereby attenuating PQ-induced lung fibrosis.
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Ballester B, Milara J, Cortijo J. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030593. [PMID: 30704051 PMCID: PMC6387034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pulmonary disease with a median survival of 2–4 years after diagnosis. A significant number of IPF patients have risk factors, such as a history of smoking or concomitant emphysema, both of which can predispose the patient to lung cancer (LC) (mostly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)). In fact, IPF itself increases the risk of LC development by 7% to 20%. In this regard, there are multiple common genetic, molecular, and cellular processes that connect lung fibrosis with LC, such as myofibroblast/mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast activation and uncontrolled proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alterations of growth factors expression, oxidative stress, and large genetic and epigenetic variations that can predispose the patient to develop IPF and LC. The current approved IPF therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are also active in LC. In fact, nintedanib is approved as a second line treatment in NSCLC, and pirfenidone has shown anti-neoplastic effects in preclinical studies. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in the development of LC in patients with IPF as well as in current IPF and LC-IPF candidate therapies based on novel molecular advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballester
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Milara
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Valencia, Spain.
- Pharmacy Unit, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Valencia, Spain.
- Research and teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain.
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Giroux-Leprieur E, Costantini A, Ding VW, He B. Hedgehog Signaling in Lung Cancer: From Oncogenesis to Cancer Treatment Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2835. [PMID: 30235830 PMCID: PMC6165231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling pathway is physiologically activated during embryogenesis, especially in lung development. It is also reactivated in many solid tumors. In lung cancer, Hedgehog pathway is closely associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent works have shown that CSCs produced a full-length Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) protein, with paracrine activity and induction of tumor development. Hedgehog pathway is also involved in tumor drug resistance in lung cancer, as cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies. This review proposes to describe the activation mechanisms of Hedgehog pathway in lung cancer, the clinical implications for overcoming drug resistance, and the perspectives for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Giroux-Leprieur
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP-Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
- EA 4340, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Adrien Costantini
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP-Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
- EA 4340, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Vivianne W Ding
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Biao He
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Sabol M, Trnski D, Musani V, Ozretić P, Levanat S. Role of GLI Transcription Factors in Pathogenesis and Their Potential as New Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2562. [PMID: 30158435 PMCID: PMC6163343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GLI transcription factors have important roles in intracellular signaling cascade, acting as the main mediators of the HH-GLI signaling pathway. This is one of the major developmental pathways, regulated both canonically and non-canonically. Deregulation of the pathway during development leads to a number of developmental malformations, depending on the deregulated pathway component. The HH-GLI pathway is mostly inactive in the adult organism but retains its function in stem cells. Aberrant activation in adult cells leads to carcinogenesis through overactivation of several tightly regulated cellular processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT. Targeting GLI transcription factors has recently become a major focus of potential therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Diana Trnski
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Musani
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sonja Levanat
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chanda D, Otoupalova E, Smith SR, Volckaert T, De Langhe SP, Thannickal VJ. Developmental pathways in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:56-69. [PMID: 30130563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and terminal lung disease with no known cure. IPF is a disease of aging, with median age of diagnosis over 65 years. Median survival is between 3 and 5 years after diagnosis. IPF is characterized primarily by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by activated lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, resulting in reduced gas exchange and impaired pulmonary function. Growing evidence supports the concept of a pro-fibrotic environment orchestrated by underlying factors such as genetic predisposition, chronic injury and aging, oxidative stress, and impaired regenerative responses may account for disease development and persistence. Currently, two FDA approved drugs have limited efficacy in the treatment of IPF. Many of the genes and gene networks associated with lung development are induced or activated in IPF. In this review, we analyze current knowledge in the field, gained from both basic and clinical research, to provide new insights into the disease process, and potential approaches to treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Eva Otoupalova
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Thomas Volckaert
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Chen X, Shi C, Cao H, Chen L, Hou J, Xiang Z, Hu K, Han X. The hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin system machinery mediate myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs in pulmonary fibrogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:639. [PMID: 29844390 PMCID: PMC5974360 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and fatal lung disease that is characterized by enhanced changes in stem cell differentiation and fibroblast proliferation. Resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) can undergo phenotype conversion to myofibroblasts to augment extracellular matrix production, impairing function and contributing to pulmonary fibrosis. Hedgehog and Wnt signaling are developmental signal cascades that play an essential role in regulating embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Recently, it has been reported that both hedgehog and Wnt signaling play important roles in pulmonary fibrogenesis. Thus, the identification of specific target regulators may yield new strategy for pulmonary fibrosis therapies. In our work, we demonstrated the critical role of Gli1, Wnt7b, Wnt10a and Fzd10 in the process of pulmonary fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Gli1 was induced in LR-MSCs following TGF-β1 treatment and fibrotic lung tissues. Inhibition of Gli1 suppressed myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and pulmonary fibrosis, and decreased the expression of Wnt7b, Wnt10a and β-catenin. Gli1 bound to and increased promoter activity of the Wnt7b and Wnt10a genes, and Wnt7b and Wnt10a were critical activators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It was noteworthy that Fzd10 knockdown reduced Wnt7b and Wnt10a-induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which imply that Wnt7b and Wnt10a may be the ligands for Fzd10. Moreover, siRNA-mediated inhibition of Fzd10 prevented TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs in vitro and impaired bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We conclude that hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling play a critical role in promoting myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and development of pulmonary fibrosis. These findings elucidate a therapeutic approach to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis through targeted inhibition of Gli1 or Fzd10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chaowen Shi
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Honghui Cao
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kebin Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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The identification of fibrosis-driving myofibroblast precursors reveals new therapeutic avenues in myelofibrosis. Blood 2018; 131:2111-2119. [PMID: 29572380 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-834820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are fibrosis-driving cells and are well characterized in solid organ fibrosis, but their role and cellular origin in bone marrow fibrosis remains obscure. Recent work has demonstrated that Gli1+ and LepR+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are progenitors of fibrosis-causing myofibroblasts in the bone marrow. Genetic ablation of Gli1+ MSCs or pharmacologic targeting of hedgehog (Hh)-Gli signaling ameliorated fibrosis in mouse models of myelofibrosis (MF). Moreover, pharmacologic or genetic intervention in platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfrα) signaling in Lepr+ stromal cells suppressed their expansion and ameliorated MF. Improved understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms in the hematopoietic stem cell niche that govern the transition of MSCs to myofibroblasts and myofibroblast expansion in MF has led to new paradigms in the pathogenesis and treatment of MF. Here, we highlight the central role of malignant hematopoietic clone-derived megakaryocytes in reprogramming the hematopoietic stem cell niche in MF with potential detrimental consequences for hematopoietic reconstitution after allogenic stem cell transplantation, so far the only therapeutic approach in MF considered to be curative. We and others have reported that targeting Hh-Gli signaling is a therapeutic strategy in solid organ fibrosis. Data indicate that targeting Gli proteins directly inhibits Gli1+ cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation, which results in reduced fibrosis severity and improved organ function. Although canonical Hh inhibition (eg, smoothened [Smo] inhibition) failed to improve pulmonary fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, or MF, the direct inhibition of Gli proteins ameliorated fibrosis. Therefore, targeting Gli proteins directly might be an interesting and novel therapeutic approach in MF.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple studies have established the beneficial role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for kidney injury. In this review we will discuss the recent identification of Gli1 as a marker for perivascular MSC and the role of this cell population in kidney fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies demonstrate that expression of the hedgehog transcriptional activator Gli1 specifically marks perivascular MSC. Genetic fate tracing of MSC in kidney injury revealed their contribution to the myofibroblast pool whereas ablation of MSC reduced kidney fibrosis. Furthermore, strong evidence suggests that pharmacologically targeting Gli proteins inhibits cell-cycle progression of myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis and is a promising therapeutic strategy in chronic kidney disease. SUMMARY Although there is tremendous excitement about MSC as cellular therapy in kidney injury it has been shown that resident perivascular MSC are a major source of myofibroblasts and a novel therapeutic target in kidney fibrosis. While resident kidney MSC might also be involved in capillary rarefaction after injury and during fibrosis progression their potential role in kidney repair, angiogenesis, and regeneration remains unclear. Further studies are needed to identify the molecular pathways that control the profibrotic versus proregenerative role of resident MSC in kidney injury and repair.
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Xiao H, Zhang GF, Liao XP, Li XJ, Zhang J, Lin H, Chen Z, Zhang X. Anti-fibrotic effects of pirfenidone by interference with the hedgehog signalling pathway in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:477-486. [PMID: 29316328 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether pirfenidone attenuates lung fibrosis by interfering with the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). METHODS Twenty-five SSc-ILD patients (20 first visit, five who underwent pirfenidone treatment for 6 months) and 10 healthy controls were recruited. Lung tissues were obtained by open-chest surgery, and primary lung fibroblasts were isolated, cultured and stimulated with pirfenidone. The levels of the proteins glioma-associated oncogene 1 (GLI1), suppressor of fused (Sufu), α-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin in lung tissues or fibroblasts were determined by Western blotting. The messenger RNA levels of GLI1, glioma-associated oncogene 2, protein patched homolog 1, and Sufu in lung tissues or fibroblasts were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Meanwhile, the levels of phosphorylation glycogen synthase kinasep-3β (pGSK-3β), phosphorylation SMAD2 (pSMAD2), and phosphorylation c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK) in fibroblasts were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Hh pathway activation was increased in the lung tissue of SSc-ILD patients and was decreased by pirfenidone, Sufu was upregulated in lung fibroblasts isolated from SSc-ILD patients after pirfenidone challenge, and pirfenidone inhibited the phosphorylation of GSK-3β signalling. CONCLUSION Pirfenidone has anti-fibrotic effects in SSc-ILD patients by interfering with both the Hh signalling pathway and the GSK-3β signalling pathway via the regulation of Sufu expression. These results might promote its use in other Hh driven lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and especially the interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiao
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Feng Zhang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Liao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Statistics of Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Haobo Lin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an essential role in the growth, development, and homeostatis of many tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. Much of what is known about Hh signaling is in the context of embryonic development and tumor formation. However, a growing body of evidence is emerging indicating that Hh signaling is also involved in postnatal processes such as tissue repair and adult immune responses. To that extent, Hh signaling has also been shown to be a target for some pathogens that presumably utilize the pathway to control the local infected environment. In this review, we discuss what is currently known regarding pathogenic interactions with Hh signaling and speculate on the reasons for this pathway being a target. We also hope to shed light on the possibility of using small molecule modulators of Hh signaling as effective therapies for a wider range of human diseases beyond their current use in a limited number of cancers.
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Hedgehog signaling inhibitor GANT61 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated protective autophagy in hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:487-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xu G, Gao X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Ding M, Liu W, Shen J, Sun D. Comparison of the role of HHIP SNPs in susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease between Chinese Han and Mongolian populations. Gene 2017; 637:50-56. [PMID: 28939338 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of risk alleles to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may vary between populations. This study aimed to investigate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HHIP on COPD susceptibility in the Chinese Mongolian and Han populations from Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In this case-control study, five SNPs in HHIP gene were detected in 700 COPD patients (350 Chinese Han and 350 Chinese Mongolian) and 700 healthy controls (350 Chinese Han and 350 Chinese Mongolian). The genotype, the association with COPD, and the differences between Chinese Han and Mongolian populations were evaluated using the chi-squared (χ2) test, genetic models, and logistic analysis. The minor allele C in SNP rs10519717 was associated with COPD in Mongolian (Odds ration (OR)=1.401, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.110-1.769, P=0.044); however, not in the Han. The CC genotype in SNP rs10519717 was a risk factor for COPD in Mongolian (OR=2.667, 95% CI: 1.479-4.809, P=0.044); however, the TC genotype in Han played the same role (OR=1.396, 95% CI: 1.018-1.915, P=0.044). The GG genotype in SNP rs13147758 was protective in the Han (OR=0.546, 95% CI: 0.332-0.897, P=0.017). The homozygote of the minor alleles in SNPs rs12504628, rs1828591, and rs13118928 had a protective role in the both of COPD populations. For the minor allele distribution, the differences between the Han and Mongolian were presented only in the case group for rs12504628 (P=0.003), rs13147758 (P=0.002), rs1828591 (P=0.001), and rs13118928 (P=0.002); for the genotypes, differences was presented at the frequency of the minor allele homozygote in rs13147758 (P=0.048), rs10519717 (P=0.027), rs1828591 (P=0.041), and rs13118928 (P=0.044) in Mongolian. Our findings suggested that HHIP rs10519717 might be associated with susceptibility of Mongolian COPD. For the other SNPs, the differences between the two populations were represented by minor allele distribution and frequency of the minor allele homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Xu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, China
| | - Mingjing Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, China
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, China.
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Ligand-dependent Hedgehog pathway activation in Rhabdomyosarcoma: the oncogenic role of the ligands. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1314-1325. [PMID: 28881358 PMCID: PMC5672936 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in children. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is known to develop an oncogenic role in RMS. However, the molecular mechanism that drives activation of the pathway in RMS is not well understood. METHODS The expression of HH ligands was studied by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Functional and animal model studies were carried out with cells transduced with shRNAs against HH ligands or treated with HH-specific inhibitors (Vismodegib and MEDI-5304). Finally, the molecular characterisation of an off-target effect of Vismodegib was also made. RESULTS The results showed a prominent expression of HH ligands supporting an autocrine ligand-dependent activation of the pathway. A comparison of pharmacologic Smoothened inhibition (Vismodegib) and HH ligand blocking (MEDI-5304) is also provided. Interestingly, a first description of pernicious off-target effect of Vismodegib is also reported. CONCLUSIONS The clarification of the HH pathway activation mechanism in RMS opens a door for targeted therapies against HH ligands as a possible alternative in the future development of better treatment protocols. Moreover, the description of a pernicious off-target effect of Vismodegib, via unfolded protein response activation, may mechanistically explain its previously reported inefficiency in several ligand-dependent cancers.
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Justet A, Joannes A, Besnard V, Marchal-Sommé J, Jaillet M, Bonniaud P, Sallenave JM, Solhonne B, Castier Y, Mordant P, Mal H, Cazes A, Borie R, Mailleux AA, Crestani B. FGF9 prevents pleural fibrosis induced by intrapleural adenovirus injection in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L781-L795. [PMID: 28729349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00508.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is necessary for fetal lung development and is expressed by epithelium and mesothelium. We evaluated the role of FGF9 overexpression on adenoviral-induced pleural injury in vivo and determined the biological effects of FGF9 on mesothelial cells in vitro. We assessed the expression of FGF9 and FGF receptors by mesothelial cells in both human and mouse lungs. Intrapleural injection of an adenovirus expressing human FGF9 (AdFGF9) or a control adenovirus (AdCont) was performed. Mice were euthanized at days 3, 5, and 14 Expression of FGF9 and markers of inflammation and myofibroblastic differentiation was studied by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, rat mesothelial cells were stimulated with FGF9 (20 ng/ml), and we assessed its effect on proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. FGF9 was expressed by mesothelial cells in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FGF receptors, mainly FGFR3, were expressed by mesothelial cells in vivo in humans and mice. AdCont instillation induced diffuse pleural thickening appearing at day 5, maximal at day 14 The altered pleura cells strongly expressed α-smooth muscle actin and collagen. AdFGF9 injection induced maximal FGF9 expression at day 5 that lasted until day 14 FGF9 overexpression prevented pleural thickening, collagen and fibronectin accumulation, and myofibroblastic differentiation of mesothelial cells. In vitro, FGF9 decreased mesothelial cell migration and inhibited the differentiating effect of transforming growth factor-β1. We conclude that FGF9 has a potential antifibrotic effect on mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Justet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Joannes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Besnard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Marchal-Sommé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine Jaillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philipe Bonniaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U866, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Michel Sallenave
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Solhonne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yves Castier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Mal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation, Paris, France; and
| | - Aurélie Cazes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Département d'Anatomie Pathologique, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud A Mailleux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France; .,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
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Schneider RK, Mullally A, Dugourd A, Peisker F, Hoogenboezem R, Van Strien PMH, Bindels EM, Heckl D, Büsche G, Fleck D, Müller-Newen G, Wongboonsin J, Ventura Ferreira M, Puelles VG, Saez-Rodriguez J, Ebert BL, Humphreys BD, Kramann R. Gli1 + Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are a Key Driver of Bone Marrow Fibrosis and an Important Cellular Therapeutic Target. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:785-800.e8. [PMID: 28457748 PMCID: PMC6485654 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) develops in various hematological and non-hematological conditions and is a central pathological feature of myelofibrosis. Effective cell-targeted therapeutics are needed, but the cellular origin of BMF remains elusive. Here, we show using genetic fate tracing in two murine models of BMF that Gli1+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are recruited from the endosteal and perivascular niche to become fibrosis-driving myofibroblasts in the bone marrow. Genetic ablation of Gli1+ cells abolished BMF and rescued bone marrow failure. Pharmacological targeting of Gli proteins with GANT61 inhibited Gli1+ cell expansion and myofibroblast differentiation and attenuated fibrosis severity. The same pathway is also active in human BMF, and Gli1 expression in BMF significantly correlates with the severity of the disease. In addition, GANT61 treatment reduced the myofibroblastic phenotype of human MSCs isolated from patients with BMF, suggesting that targeting of Gli proteins could be a relevant therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Peisker
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Remco Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paulina M H Van Strien
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram Büsche
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - David Fleck
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Janewit Wongboonsin
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 10700 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monica Ventura Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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48
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Cong X, Hubmayr RD, Li C, Zhao X. Plasma membrane wounding and repair in pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L371-L391. [PMID: 28062486 PMCID: PMC5374305 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00486.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathophysiological conditions such as surfactant dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, inflammation, pathogen products, environmental exposures, and gastric acid aspiration stress lung cells, and the compromise of plasma membranes occurs as a result. The mechanisms necessary for cells to repair plasma membrane defects have been extensively investigated in the last two decades, and some of these key repair mechanisms are also shown to occur following lung cell injury. Because it was theorized that lung wounding and repair are involved in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in this review, we summarized the experimental evidence of lung cell injury in these two devastating syndromes and discuss relevant genetic, physical, and biological injury mechanisms, as well as mechanisms used by lung cells for cell survival and membrane repair. Finally, we discuss relevant signaling pathways that may be activated by chronic or repeated lung cell injury as an extension of our cell injury and repair focus in this review. We hope that a holistic view of injurious stimuli relevant for ARDS and IPF could lead to updated experimental models. In addition, parallel discussion of membrane repair mechanisms in lung cells and injury-activated signaling pathways would encourage research to bridge gaps in current knowledge. Indeed, deep understanding of lung cell wounding and repair, and discovery of relevant repair moieties for lung cells, should inspire the development of new therapies that are likely preventive and broadly effective for targeting injurious pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Rolf D Hubmayr
- Emerius, Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia;
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49
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Jia G, Chandriani S, Abbas AR, DePianto DJ, N'Diaye EN, Yaylaoglu MB, Moore HM, Peng I, DeVoss J, Collard HR, Wolters PJ, Egen JG, Arron JR. CXCL14 is a candidate biomarker for Hedgehog signalling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2017; 72:780-787. [PMID: 28250200 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with aberrant expression of developmental pathways, including Hedgehog (Hh). As Hh signalling contributes to multiple pro-fibrotic processes, Hh inhibition may represent a therapeutic option for IPF. However, no non-invasive biomarkers are available to monitor lung Hh activity. METHODS We assessed gene and protein expression in IPF and control lung biopsies, mouse lung, fibroblasts stimulated in vitro with sonic hedgehog (SHh), and plasma in IPF patients versus controls, and cancer patients before and after treatment with vismodegib, a Hh inhibitor. RESULTS Lung tissue from IPF patients exhibited significantly greater expression of Hh-related genes versus controls. The gene most significantly upregulated in both IPF lung biopsies and fibroblasts stimulated in vitro with SHh was CXCL14, which encodes a soluble secreted chemokine whose expression is inhibited in vitro by the addition of vismodegib. CXCL14 expression was induced by SHh overexpression in mouse lung. Circulating CXCL14 protein levels were significantly higher in plasma from IPF patients than controls. In cancer patients, circulating CXCL14 levels were significantly reduced upon vismodegib treatment. CONCLUSIONS CXCL14 is a systemic biomarker that could be used to identify IPF patients with increased Hh pathway activity and monitor the pharmacodynamic effects of Hh antagonist therapy in IPF. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Post-results, NCT00968981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiquan Jia
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Peng
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Harold R Collard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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50
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Grzelak CA, Sigglekow ND, Tirnitz-Parker JEE, Hamson EJ, Warren A, Maneck B, Chen J, Patkunanathan B, Boland J, Cheng R, Shackel NA, Seth D, Bowen DG, Martelotto LG, Watkins DN, McCaughan GW. Widespread GLI expression but limited canonical hedgehog signaling restricted to the ductular reaction in human chronic liver disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171480. [PMID: 28187190 PMCID: PMC5302813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in vertebrate cells occurs following Smoothened activation/translocation into the primary cilia (Pc), followed by a GLI transcriptional response. Nonetheless, GLI activation can occur independently of the canonical Hh pathway. Using a murine model of liver injury, we previously identified the importance of canonical Hh signaling within the Pc+ liver progenitor cell (LPC) population and noted that SMO-independent, GLI-mediated signals were important in multiple Pc-ve GLI2+ intrahepatic populations. This study extends these observations to human liver tissue, and analyses the effect of GLI inhibition on LPC viability/gene expression. Human donor and cirrhotic liver tissue specimens were evaluated for SHH, GLI2 and Pc expression using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR. Changes to viability and gene expression in LPCs in vitro were assessed following GLI inhibition. Identification of Pc (as a marker of canonical Hh signaling) in human cirrhosis was predominantly confined to the ductular reaction and LPCs. In contrast, GLI2 was expressed in multiple cell populations including Pc-ve endothelium, hepatocytes, and leukocytes. HSCs/myofibroblasts (>99%) expressed GLI2, with only 1.92% displaying Pc. In vitro GLI signals maintained proliferation/viability within LPCs and GLI inhibition affected the expression of genes related to stemness, hepatocyte/biliary differentiation and Hh/Wnt signaling. At least two mechanisms of GLI signaling (Pc/SMO-dependent and Pc/SMO-independent) mediate chronic liver disease pathogenesis. This may have significant ramifications for the choice of Hh inhibitor (anti-SMO or anti-GLI) suitable for clinical trials. We also postulate GLI delivers a pro-survival signal to LPCs whilst maintaining stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Jane Hamson
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandra Warren
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bharvi Maneck
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, R.P.A.H., Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jade Boland
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Cheng
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Adam Shackel
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, R.P.A.H., Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devanshi Seth
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Geoffrey Bowen
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, R.P.A.H., Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luciano Gastón Martelotto
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - D. Neil Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey William McCaughan
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, R.P.A.H., Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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