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Yoshizaki K, Frias DP, Maier K, Smelan J, Correia AT, Oliveira LMDS, Amato-Lourenço LF, Santillo BT, Prado CM, Oshiro TM, Barbuto JAM, Mauad T, Macchione M. Exposure of cinnamyl alcohol in co-culture of BEAS-2B and dendritic cells: Interaction between CYP450 and cytokines. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1317-1328. [PMID: 38715282 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of fragrances in various hygiene products contributes to their sensorial allure. However, fragrances can induce sensitization in the skin or respiratory system, and the mechanisms involved in this process are incompletely understood. This study investigated the intricate mechanisms underlying the fragrance's effects on sensitization response, focusing on the interplay between CYP450 enzymes, a class of drug-metabolizing enzymes, and the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we assessed the expression of CYP450 enzymes and cytokine profiles in culture of BEAS-2B and mature dendritic cells (mDC) alone or in co-culture stimulated with 2 mM of a common fragrance, cinnamyl alcohol (CA) for 20 h. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, and CYP2A13 were analyzed by RT-PCR and IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). Through RT-PCR analysis, we observed that CA increased CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 expression in BEAS-2B, with a further increased in BEAS-2B-mDC co-culture. Additionally, exposure to CA increased IL-12p70 levels in mDC rather than in BEAS-2B-mDC co-culture. In regards to IL-18, level was higher in BEAS-2B than in BEAS-2B-mDC co-culture. A positive correlation between the levels of IL-10 and CYP1B1 was found in mDC-CA-exposed and between IL-12p70 and CYP1A1 was found in BEAS-2B after CA exposure. However, IL-12p70 and CYP1A2 as well as IL-18, IL-33, and CYP1A1 levels were negative, correlated mainly in co-culture control. These correlations highlight potential immunomodulatory interactions and complex regulatory relationships. Overall, exposure to CA enhances CYP450 expression, suggesting that CA can influence immune responses by degrading ligands on xenosensitive transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Perroni Frias
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kevin Maier
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Smelan
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Thoracic Surgery Division, Department of Cardiopneumology, InCor, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiences, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Amato-Lourenço
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Advanced Studies (IEA) Global Cities Program, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tereso Santillo
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiences, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Telma Miyuki Oshiro
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiences, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Alexandre M Barbuto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Selo MA, Sake JA, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C. In vitro and ex vivo models in inhalation biopharmaceutical research - advances, challenges and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113862. [PMID: 34256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. In addition, the high alveolar surface area, relatively low enzymatic activity and rich blood supply of the distal airspaces offer a promising pathway to the systemic circulation. This is particularly advantageous when a rapid onset of pharmacological action is desired or when the drug is suffering from stability issues or poor biopharmaceutical performance following oral administration. Several cell and tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed over the years, with the intention to realistically mimic pulmonary biological barriers. It is the aim of this review to critically discuss the available models regarding their advantages and limitations and to elaborate further which biopharmaceutical questions can and cannot be answered using the existing models.
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Molero-Abraham M, Sanchez-Trincado JL, Gomez-Perosanz M, Torres-Gomez A, Subiza JL, Lafuente EM, Reche PA. Human Oral Epithelial Cells Impair Bacteria-Mediated Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Render T Cells Unresponsive to Stimulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1434. [PMID: 31316504 PMCID: PMC6611079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a first line of defense against pathogenic organisms and yet tolerates food antigens and resident bacteria. Mucosal epithelial cells are emerging as important regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the contribution of oral epithelial cells (OECs) determining oral immunity is understudied. Here, we evaluated the ability of H413 and TR146 cells, two OEC lines derived from human oral squamous cell carcinomas, and primary OECs to modulate immune responses to a cocktail of Gram+ and Gram− bacteria known as MV130. OECs expressed CD40 constitutively and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) molecules when stimulated with IFNγ, but not CD80 or CD86. Dendritic cells (DCs) treated with bacteria in co-culture with OECs did not fully mature, as judged by the expression of MHC II, CD80 and CD86, and barely released IL-12 and TNFα, compared to control DCs. Furthermore, in the presence of OECs, DCs were unable to stimulate allogenic naive CD4 T cells to produce IFNγ and TNFα. Similarly, OECs in culture with total CD4 T cells or Th1 cells stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies abrogated CD25 and CD69 expression, T cell proliferation and the release of IFNγ and TNFα. The inhibition on T cell activation by OECs was cell-contact dependent, TGFβ independent and largely irreversible. Overall, this behavior of OECs is likely key to avoid immune system over-reaction against resident bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose L Sanchez-Trincado
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gomez-Perosanz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther M Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Reche
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Li Z, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Hu F, Gu L, Chen T, Wang W. lncRNA Malat1 modulates the maturation process, cytokine secretion and apoptosis in airway epithelial cell-conditioned dendritic cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3951-3958. [PMID: 30344673 PMCID: PMC6176132 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) are the first point of contact with airborne antigens and are able to instruct resident immune cells to appropriate immune responses. Previous studies have shown that the abnormal expression of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) was associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and apoptosis in many cancer types. However, little is known about its functional involvement in the cross-talk of AECs with dendritic cells (DCs). The aim of the present study was to identify Malat1 as a novel epithelial cell-derived immune-modulating factor that contributes to the specific inflammatory-immune airway microenvironment. By using an in vitro co-culture model, where layers of AECs can interact with DCs, and transfecting Malat1 siRNA in AECs, AEC-conditioned DCs were harvested for further analysis of the celluar phenotype, secretion of inflammatory chemokines, and expression of apoptotic markers. The present study clearly demonstrated that Malat1 modulates the maturation process, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and apoptosis in AECs-conditioned DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoubin Li
- Department of Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Linling Gu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Papazian D, Würtzen PA, Hansen SWK. Polarized Airway Epithelial Models for Immunological Co-Culture Studies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:1-21. [PMID: 27240620 DOI: 10.1159/000445833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line all cavities and surfaces throughout the body and play a substantial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Asthma and other atopic diseases are increasing worldwide and allergic disorders are hypothesized to be a consequence of a combination of dysregulation of the epithelial response towards environmental antigens and genetic susceptibility, resulting in inflammation and T cell-derived immune responses. In vivo animal models have long been used to study immune homeostasis of the airways but are limited by species restriction and lack of exposure to a natural environment of both potential allergens and microflora. Limitations of these models prompt a need to develop new human cell-based in vitro models. A variety of co-culture systems for modelling the respiratory epithelium exist and are available to the scientific community. The models have become increasingly sophisticated and specific care needs to be taken with regard to cell types, culture medium and culture models, depending on the aim of the study. Although great strides have been made, there is still a need for further optimization, and optimally also for standardization, in order for in vitro co-culture models to become powerful tools in the discovery of key molecules dictating immunity and/or tolerance, and for understanding the complex interplay that takes place between mucosa, airway epithelium and resident or infiltrating immune cells. This review focuses on current knowledge and the advantages and limitations of the different cell types and culture methods used in co-culture models of the human airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Papazian
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Papazian D, Hansen S, Würtzen PA. Airway responses towards allergens - from the airway epithelium to T cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1268-87. [PMID: 25394747 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis is increasing, affecting up to 30% of the human population worldwide. Allergic sensitization arises from complex interactions between environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility, resulting in inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) cell-derived immune responses towards environmental allergens. Emerging evidence now suggests that an epithelial dysfunction, coupled with inherent properties of environmental allergens, can be responsible for the inflammatory responses towards allergens. Several epithelial-derived cytokines, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 and IL-33, influence tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) as well as Th2 effector cells. Exposure to environmental allergens does not elicit Th2 inflammatory responses or any clinical symptoms in nonatopic individuals, and recent findings suggest that a nondamaged, healthy epithelium lowers the DCs' ability to induce inflammatory T-cell responses towards allergens. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on which signals from the airway epithelium, from first contact with inhaled allergens all the way to the ensuing Th2-cell responses, influence the pathology of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papazian
- Department of Cancer & Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - S Hansen
- Department of Cancer & Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Papazian D, Wagtmann VR, Hansen S, Würtzen PA. Direct contact between dendritic cells and bronchial epithelial cells inhibits T cell recall responses towards mite and pollen allergen extracts in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:207-18. [PMID: 25707463 PMCID: PMC4516436 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) form a polarized barrier along the respiratory tract. They are the first point of contact with airborne antigens and are able to instruct resident immune cells to mount appropriate immune responses by either soluble or contact-dependent mechanisms. We hypothesize that a healthy, polarized epithelial cell layer inhibits inflammatory responses towards allergens to uphold homeostasis. Using an in-vitro co-culture model of the airway epithelium, where a polarized cell layer of bronchial epithelial cells can interact with dendritic cells (DCs), we have investigated recall T cell responses in allergic patients sensitized to house dust mite, grass and birch pollen. Using allergen extract-loaded DCs to stimulate autologous allergen-specific T cell lines, we show that AEC-imprinted DCs inhibit T cell proliferation significantly of Bet v 1-specific T cell lines as well as decrease interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 production, whereas inhibition of Phl p 5-specific T cells varied between different donors. Stimulating autologous CD4(+) T cells from allergic patients with AEC-imprinted DCs also inhibited proliferation significantly and decreased production of both T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines upon rechallenge. The inhibitory effects of AECs' contact with DCs were absent when allergen extract-loaded DCs had been exposed only to AECs supernatants, but present after direct contact with AECs. We conclude that direct contact between DCs and AECs inhibits T cell recall responses towards birch, grass and house dust mite allergens in vitro, suggesting that AECs-DC contact in vivo constitute a key element in mucosal homeostasis in relation to allergic sensitisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papazian
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdense
- ALK, Global ResearchHørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - S Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdense
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