1
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Mutgan AC, Radic N, Valzano F, Crnkovic S, El-Merhie N, Evermann M, Hoetzenecker K, Foris V, Brcic L, Marsh LM, Tran-Lundmark K, Jandl K, Kwapiszewska G. A comprehensive map of proteoglycan expression and deposition in the pulmonary arterial wall in health and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L173-L188. [PMID: 38771138 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00022.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary arteries (PAs) are a key aspect of vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, our understanding of the alterations affecting the proteoglycan (PG) family remains limited. We sought to investigate the expression and spatial distribution of major vascular PGs in PAs from healthy individuals and various PH groups (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: PH-COPD, pulmonary fibrosis: PH-PF, idiopathic: IPAH). PG regulation, deposition, and synthesis were notably heightened in IPAH, followed by PH-PF, with minor alterations in PH-COPD. Single-cell analysis unveiled cell-type and disease-specific PG regulation. Agrin expression, a basement membrane PG, was increased in IPAH, with PA endothelial cells (PAECs) identified as a major source. PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) mainly produced large-PGs, aggrecan and versican, and small-leucine-like proteoglycan (SLRP) biglycan, whereas the major PGs produced by adventitial fibroblasts were SLRP decorin and lumican. In IPAH and PF-PH, the neointima-forming PASMC population increased the expression of all investigated large-PGs and SLRPs, except fibroblast-predominant decorin (DCN). Expression of lumican, versican, and biglycan also positively correlated with collagen 1α1/1α2 expression in PASMCs in patients with IPAH and PH-PF. We demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) regulates versican and biglycan expression, indicating their contribution to vessel fibrosis in IPAH and PF-PH. We furthermore show that certain circulating PG levels display a disease-dependent pattern, with increased decorin and lumican across all patient groups, while versican was elevated in PH-COPD and IPAH and biglycan reduced in IPAH. These findings suggest unique compartment-specific PG regulation in different forms of PH, indicating distinct pathological processes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) pulmonary arteries (PAs) displayed the greatest proteoglycan (PG) changes, with PH associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PH-PF) and PH associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD) following. Agrin, an endothelial cell-specific PG, was solely upregulated in IPAH. Among all cells, neo-intima-forming smooth muscle cells (SMCs) displayed the most significant PG increase. Increased levels of circulating decorin, lumican, and versican, mainly derived from SMCs, and adventitial fibroblasts, may serve as systemic indicators of pulmonary remodeling, reflecting perivascular fibrosis and neointima formation.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Male
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Vascular Remodeling
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Biglycan/metabolism
- Decorin/metabolism
- Adult
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Lumican/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Radic
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Francesco Valzano
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Slaven Crnkovic
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Institute for Lung Health, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Evermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- The Pediatric Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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2
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Zeder K, Marsh LM, Avian A, Brcic L, Birnhuber A, Douschan P, Foris V, Sassmann T, Hoetzenecker K, Boehm PM, Kwapiszewska G, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Kovacs G. Compartment-specific remodeling patterns in end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without severe pulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:1090-1101. [PMID: 38382583 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.02.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently associated with less severe airway obstruction as compared to mild or no PH. However, the histologic correlate of this finding is not clear. We aimed to quantify remodeling of pulmonary arteries, airways, and parenchyma in random samples of explanted end-stage COPD lungs. METHODS We quantified remodeling of small pulmonary arteries, small airways, and the degree of emphysema (mean interseptal distance [MID]) with dedicated software. As primary objective, we compared COPD patients with severe PH (SevPH-COPD) with age- and sex-matched MildPH-COPD. For comparison, we also investigated COPD lungs with no PH (NoPH-COPD), idiopathic PAH (IPAH), and healthy donors. RESULTS We included n = 17 SevPH-COPD (mPAP = 43 [39-45]mm Hg), n = 17 MildPH-COPD (mPAP = 28 [24-31]mm Hg), n = 5 NoPH-COPD (mPAP = 18 [16-19]mm Hg), n = 10 IPAH (mPAP = 72 [65-91]mm Hg), and n = 10 healthy donor lungs. SevPH-COPD versus MildPH-COPD was characterized by better preserved forced vital capacity (51% vs 40% predicted, p < 0.05), less emphysema (MID 169 µm vs 279 µm, p < 0.001), and less PAS-positive and CD45-positive mucosa cells (15% vs 22%, p = 0.063% and 5% vs 7%, p = 0.058) suggesting less airway inflammation. In COPD patients, intimal and medial thickening were strongly correlated with mPAP (r = 0.676, p < 0.001 and r = 0.595, p < 0.001). MID was negatively correlated with mPAP (r = -0.556, p < 0.001) and was highest in NoPH-COPD (mean 281 µm), suggesting that emphysema per se is not associated with PH. CONCLUSIONS End-stage COPD with severe PH is characterized by pronounced pulmonary vascular remodeling, less inflammation of small airways, and less emphysema as compared to COPD with mild PH or no PH, suggesting that COPD with severe PH may represent a unique phenotype of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Zeder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Avian
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Douschan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Teresa Sassmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Panja M Boehm
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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3
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Kui L, Dong C, Wu J, Zhuo F, Yan B, Wang Z, Yang M, Xiong C, Qiu P. Causal association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute suppurative otitis media: insights from a univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1407503. [PMID: 38836234 PMCID: PMC11148255 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1407503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hearing loss (HL) constitute significant public health challenges worldwide. Recently, the association between T2DM and HL has aroused attention. However, possible residual confounding factors and other biases inherent to observational study designs make this association undetermined. In this study, we performed univariate and multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causal association between T2DM and common hearing disorders that lead to HL. Methods Our study employed univariate and multivariable MR analyses, with the Inverse Variance Weighted method as the primary approach to assessing the potential causal association between T2DM and hearing disorders. We selected 164 and 9 genetic variants representing T2DM from the NHGRI-EBI and DIAGRAM consortium, respectively. Summary-level data for 10 hearing disorders were obtained from over 500,000 participants in the FinnGen consortium and MRC-IEU. Sensitivity analysis revealed no significant heterogeneity of instrumental variables or pleiotropy was detected. Results In univariate MR analysis, genetically predicted T2DM from both sources was associated with an increased risk of acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) (In NHGRI-EBI: OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13, P = 0.012; In DIAGRAM: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.26, P = 0.016). Multivariable MR analysis, adjusting for genetically predicted sleep duration, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and smoking, either individually or collectively, maintained these associations. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Conclusion T2DM was associated with an increased risk of ASOM. Strict glycemic control is essential for the minimization of the effects of T2DM on ASOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Kui
- Xiamen Rehabilitation Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Depart of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Feinan Zhuo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Yan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhewei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Xiamen Rehabilitation Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Canhai Xiong
- Xiamen Rehabilitation Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Balczon R, Lin MT, Voth S, Nelson AR, Schupp JC, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Stevens T. Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:533-587. [PMID: 37561137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This cell-cell communication is necessary to coordinate the immune response to lower respiratory tract infection. Recent discoveries identify an important role for the microtubule-associated protein tau that is expressed in lung capillary endothelia in the host-pathogen interaction. This endothelial tau stabilizes microtubules necessary for barrier integrity, yet infection drives production of cytotoxic tau variants that are released into the airways and circulation, where they contribute to end-organ dysfunction. Similarly, beta-amyloid is produced during infection. Beta-amyloid has antimicrobial activity, but during infection it can acquire cytotoxic activity that is deleterious to the host. The production and function of these cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are the subject of this review. Lung-derived cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are a recently discovered mechanism of end-organ dysfunction, including neurocognitive dysfunction, during and in the aftermath of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mike T Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
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5
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Muthusamy S. Quantifying Adhesion of Inflammatory Cells to the Endothelium In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:225-233. [PMID: 37776461 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and quantitative assay system that accurately models human endothelium by use of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in cell culture plates coated with gelatin, a matrix that mimics basal lamina, the matrix that is tightly associated with the vascular endothelium and is critical for its proper function. We describe using this system to quantitatively measure adhesion of the inflammatory cells - monocytic THP-1 cell line to the HUVEC monolayer. The THP-1 cells are fluorescently labeled which allows to quantify the number of the fluorescent THP-1 cells adhering to the endothelium under a microscope and the level of florescence - a quantitative measure of the number of adhering fluorescent THP-1 cells using a fluorescent plate reader. After optimization, we were able to detect increased adhesion of the THP-1 cells to the endothelium in response to the inflammatory cytokine TNFα in a dose-dependent manner like what has been observed in vivo.
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6
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Mutgan AC, Jandl K, Radic N, Valzano F, Kolb D, Hoffmann J, Foris V, Wilhelm J, Boehm PM, Hoetzenecker K, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Heinemann A, Wygrecka M, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. Pentastatin, a matrikine of the collagen IVα5, is a novel endogenous mediator of pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1294-C1312. [PMID: 37694286 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00391.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of basement membrane components, such as collagen IVα5, is associated with altered endothelial cell function in pulmonary hypertension. Collagen IVα5 harbors a functionally active fragment within its C-terminal noncollageneous (NC1) domain, called pentastatin, whose role in pulmonary endothelial cell behavior remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that pentastatin serves as a mediator of pulmonary endothelial cell dysfunction, contributing to pulmonary hypertension. In vitro, treatment with pentastatin induced transcription of immediate early genes and proinflammatory cytokines and led to a functional loss of endothelial barrier integrity in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Mechanistically, pentastatin leads to β1-integrin subunit clustering and Rho/ROCK activation. Blockage of the β1-integrin subunit or the Rho/ROCK pathway partially attenuated the pentastatin-induced endothelial barrier disruption. Although pentastatin reduced the viability of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cell proliferation was induced. These effects on the pulmonary vascular cells were recapitulated ex vivo in the isolated-perfused lung model, where treatment with pentastatin-induced swelling of the endothelium accompanied by occasional endothelial cell apoptosis. This was reflected by increased vascular permeability and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure induced by pentastatin. This study identifies pentastatin as a mediator of endothelial cell dysfunction, which thus might contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disorders such as pulmonary hypertension.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to show that pentastatin, the matrikine of the basement membrane (BM) collagen IVα5 polypeptide, triggers rapid pulmonary arterial endothelial cell barrier disruption, activation, and apoptosis in vitro and ex vivo. Mechanistically, pentastatin partially acts through binding to the β1-integrin subunit and the Rho/ROCK pathway. These findings are the first to link pentastatin to pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and, thus, suggest a major role for BM-matrikines in pulmonary vascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Radic
- Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Francesco Valzano
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Panja M Boehm
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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7
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Li Q, Zhang H. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220730. [PMID: 37772261 PMCID: PMC10523280 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rapidly progressing cardiopulmonary disease. It is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance. The most notable histopathological characteristic is vascular remodeling. The changes in the basement membrane (BM) are believed to be related to vascular remodeling. It is crucial to identify potential biomarkers associated with the BM in PAH, to guide its treatment. The microarray datasets GSE117261 and GSE113439 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Two data sets were examined to identify genes associated with the BM by analyzing gene expression changes. Next, we analyzed the relevant genes in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes using Gene Ontology and Disease Ontology annotationand conducted pathway enrichment analysis. We conducted a protein-protein interaction network analysis on the genes related to BMs and used the cell cytoHubba plug-in to identify the hub genes. Furthermore, we conducted an immune infiltration analysis and implemented a histogram model. Finally, we predicted and analyzed potential therapeutic drugs for PAH and set up a miRNA network of genetic markers. Six candidate genes related to BMs, namely Integrin Subunit Alpha V, Integrin Subunit Alpha 4, ITGA2, ITGA9, Thrombospondin 1, and Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 Chain, were identified as potential modulators of the immune process in PAH. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rh1 was found to significantly impact drug targeting based on its interactions with the six BM-related genes identified earlier. A novel biomarker related to the BM, which plays a crucial role in the development of PAH, has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650000, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650000, China
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8
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Johnson S, Sommer N, Cox-Flaherty K, Weissmann N, Ventetuolo CE, Maron BA. Pulmonary Hypertension: A Contemporary Review. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:528-548. [PMID: 37450768 PMCID: PMC10492255 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202302-0327so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with lung disease, and chronic thromboembolic PH cast new light on the pathogenetic mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic armamentarium for pulmonary vascular disease. Here, we summarize key basic, translational, and clinical PH reports, emphasizing findings that build on current state-of-the-art research. This review includes cutting-edge progress in translational pulmonary vascular biology, with a guide to the diagnosis of patients in clinical practice, incorporating recent PH definition revisions that continue emphasis on early detection of disease. PH management is reviewed including an overview of the evolving considerations for the approach to treatment of PH in patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities, as well as a discussion of the groundbreaking sotatercept data for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelsey Johnson
- The Pulmonary Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Corey E. Ventetuolo
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Bradley A. Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- The University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Borek I, Birnhuber A, Voelkel NF, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. The vascular perspective on acute and chronic lung disease. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170502. [PMID: 37581311 PMCID: PMC10425217 DOI: 10.1172/jci170502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary vasculature has been frequently overlooked in acute and chronic lung diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The primary emphasis in the management of these parenchymal disorders has largely revolved around the injury and aberrant repair of epithelial cells. However, there is increasing evidence that the vascular endothelium plays an active role in the development of acute and chronic lung diseases. The endothelial cell network in the capillary bed and the arterial and venous vessels provides a metabolically highly active barrier that controls the migration of immune cells, regulates vascular tone and permeability, and participates in the remodeling processes. Phenotypically and functionally altered endothelial cells, and remodeled vessels, can be found in acute and chronic lung diseases, although to different degrees, likely because of disease-specific mechanisms. Since vascular remodeling is associated with pulmonary hypertension, which worsens patient outcomes and survival, it is crucial to understand the underlying vascular alterations. In this Review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the role of the pulmonary vasculature in the development and progression of ARDS, PF, and COPD; we also outline future research directions with the hope of facilitating the development of mechanism-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Borek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert F. Voelkel
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, University of Amsterdam Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leigh M. Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, German Lung Center (DZL), Cardiopulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
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10
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Andersen S, Reese-Petersen AL, Braams N, Andersen MJ, Mellemkjær S, Andersen A, Bogaard HJ, Genovese F, Nielsen-Kudsk JE. Biomarkers of collagen turnover and wound healing in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients before and after pulmonary endarterectomy. Int J Cardiol 2023; 384:82-88. [PMID: 37178803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), fibrotic remodeling of tissue and thrombi contributes to disease progression. Removal of the thromboembolic mass by pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) improves hemodynamics and right ventricular function, but the roles of different collagens before as well as after PEA are not well understood. METHODS In this study, hemodynamics and 15 different biomarkers of collagen turnover and wound healing were evaluated in 40 CTEPH patients at diagnosis (baseline) and 6 and 18 months after PEA. Baseline biomarker levels were compared with a historical cohort of 40 healthy subjects. RESULTS Biomarkers of collagen turnover and wound healing were increased in CTEPH patients compared with healthy controls, including a 35-fold increase in the PRO-C4 marker of type IV collagen formation and a 55-fold increase in the C3M marker of type III collagen degradation. PEA reduced pulmonary pressures to almost normal levels 6 months after the procedure, with no further improvement at 18 months. There were no changes in any of the measured biomarkers after PEA. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of collagen formation and degradation are increased in CTEPH suggesting a high collagen turnover. While PEA effectively reduces pulmonary pressures, collagen turnover is not significantly modified by surgical PEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | | | - Natalia Braams
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Asger Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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11
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Walters R, Vasilaki E, Aman J, Chen CN, Wu Y, Liang OD, Ashek A, Dubois O, Zhao L, Sabrin F, Cebola I, Ferrer J, Morrell NW, Klinger JR, Wilkins MR, Zhao L, Rhodes CJ. SOX17 Enhancer Variants Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding And Enhancer Inactivity Drives Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2023; 147:1606-1621. [PMID: 37066790 PMCID: PMC7614572 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, increased vascular resistance, and right-sided heart failure. Genome-wide association studies of idiopathic/heritable PAH established novel genetic risk variants, including conserved enhancers upstream of transcription factor (TF) SOX17 containing 2 independent signals. SOX17 is an important TF in embryonic development and in the homeostasis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAEC) in the adult. Rare pathogenic mutations in SOX17 cause heritable PAH. We hypothesized that PAH risk alleles in an enhancer region impair TF-binding upstream of SOX17, which in turn reduces SOX17 expression and contributes to disturbed endothelial cell function and PAH development. METHODS CRISPR manipulation and siRNA were used to modulate SOX17 expression. Electromobility shift assays were used to confirm in silico-predicted TF differential binding to the SOX17 variants. Functional assays in hPAECs were used to establish the biological consequences of SOX17 loss. In silico analysis with the connectivity map was used to predict compounds that rescue disturbed SOX17 signaling. Mice with deletion of the SOX17-signal 1 enhancer region (SOX17-4593/enhKO) were phenotyped in response to chronic hypoxia and SU5416/hypoxia. RESULTS CRISPR inhibition of SOX17-signal 2 and deletion of SOX17-signal 1 specifically decreased SOX17 expression. Electromobility shift assays demonstrated differential binding of hPAEC nuclear proteins to the risk and nonrisk alleles from both SOX17 signals. Candidate TFs HOXA5 and ROR-α were identified through in silico analysis and antibody electromobility shift assays. Analysis of the hPAEC transcriptomes revealed alteration of PAH-relevant pathways on SOX17 silencing, including extracellular matrix regulation. SOX17 silencing in hPAECs resulted in increased apoptosis, proliferation, and disturbance of barrier function. With the use of the connectivity map, compounds were identified that reversed the SOX17-dysfunction transcriptomic signatures in hPAECs. SOX17 enhancer knockout in mice reduced lung SOX17 expression, resulting in more severe pulmonary vascular leak and hypoxia or SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Common PAH risk variants upstream of the SOX17 promoter reduce endothelial SOX17 expression, at least in part, through differential binding of HOXA5 and ROR-α. Reduced SOX17 expression results in disturbed hPAEC function and PAH. Existing drug compounds can reverse the disturbed SOX17 pulmonary endothelial transcriptomic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Walters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Jurjan Aman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.A.)
| | - Chien-Nien Chen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Olin D Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (O.D.L.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Ali Ashek
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Olivier Dubois
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Farah Sabrin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (I.C., J.F.)
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (I.C., J.F.)
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain (J.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (J.F.)
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.)
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
| | - James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.R.K.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
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12
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Jandl K, Berg JL, Birnhuber A, Fliesser E, Borek I, Seeliger B, David S, Schmidt JJ, Gorkiewicz G, Zacharias M, Welte T, Olschewski H, Heinemann A, Wygrecka M, Kwapiszewska G. Basement membrane product, endostatin, as a link between inflammation, coagulation and vascular permeability in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188079. [PMID: 37283766 PMCID: PMC10241244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune cell recruitment, endothelial cell barrier disruption, and platelet activation are hallmarks of lung injuries caused by COVID-19 or other insults which can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Basement membrane (BM) disruption is commonly observed in ARDS, however, the role of newly generated bioactive BM fragments is mostly unknown. Here, we investigate the role of endostatin, a fragment of the BM protein collagen XVIIIα1, on ARDS associated cellular functions such as neutrophil recruitment, endothelial cell barrier integrity, and platelet aggregation in vitro. Methods In our study we analyzed endostatin in plasma and post-mortem lung specimens of patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS. Functionally, we investigated the effect of endostatin on neutrophil activation and migration, platelet aggregation, and endothelial barrier function in vitro. Additionally, we performed correlation analysis for endostatin and other critical plasma parameters. Results We observed increased plasma levels of endostatin in our COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS cohort. Immunohistochemical staining of ARDS lung sections depicted BM disruption, alongside immunoreactivity for endostatin in proximity to immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibrinous clots. Functionally, endostatin enhanced the activity of neutrophils, and platelets, and the thrombin-induced microvascular barrier disruption. Finally, we showed a positive correlation of endostatin with soluble disease markers VE-Cadherin, c-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and interleukin (IL)-6 in our COVID-19 cohort. Conclusion The cumulative effects of endostatin on propagating neutrophil chemotaxis, platelet aggregation, and endothelial cell barrier disruption may suggest endostatin as a link between those cellular events in ARDS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Lorenz Berg
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Izabela Borek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julius J. Schmidt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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13
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Jandl K, Radic N, Zeder K, Kovacs G, Kwapiszewska G. Pulmonary vascular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension - The role of the extracellular matrix as a therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108438. [PMID: 37210005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition characterized by changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and vascular remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries. These changes result in increased vessel wall thickness and lumen occlusion, leading to a loss of elasticity and vessel stiffening. Clinically, the mechanobiology of the pulmonary vasculature is becoming increasingly recognized for its prognostic and diagnostic value in PH. Specifically, the increased vascular fibrosis and stiffening resulting from ECM accumulation and crosslinking may be a promising target for the development of anti- or reverse-remodeling therapies. Indeed, there is a huge potential in therapeutic interference with mechano-associated pathways in vascular fibrosis and stiffening. The most direct approach is aiming to restore extracellular matrix homeostasis, by interference with its production, deposition, modification and turnover. Besides structural cells, immune cells contribute to the level of ECM maturation and degradation by direct cell-cell contact or the release of mediators and proteases, thereby opening a huge avenue to target vascular fibrosis via immunomodulation approaches. Indirectly, intracellular pathways associated with altered mechanobiology, ECM production, and fibrosis, offer a third option for therapeutic intervention. In PH, a vicious cycle of persistent activation of mechanosensing pathways such as YAP/TAZ initiates and perpetuates vascular stiffening, and is linked to key pathways disturbed in PH, such as TGF-beta/BMPR2/STAT. Together, this complexity of the regulation of vascular fibrosis and stiffening in PH allows the exploration of numerous potential therapeutic interventions. This review discusses connections and turning points of several of these interventions in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nemanja Radic
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Zeder
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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14
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van der Have O, Mead TJ, Westöö C, Peruzzi N, Mutgan AC, Norvik C, Bech M, Struglics A, Hoetzenecker K, Brunnström H, Westergren‐Thorsson G, Kwapiszewska G, Apte SS, Tran‐Lundmark K. Aggrecan accumulates at sites of increased pulmonary arterial pressure in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12200. [PMID: 36824691 PMCID: PMC9941846 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of extracellular matrix occurs in all stages of pulmonary angiopathy associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In systemic arteries, dysregulation and accumulation of the large chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan aggrecan is associated with swelling and disruption of vessel wall homeostasis. Whether aggrecan is present in pulmonary arteries, and its potential roles in PAH, has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, lung tissue from 11 patients with idiopathic PAH was imaged using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast microcomputed tomography (TOMCAT beamline, Swiss Light Source). Immunohistochemistry for aggrecan core protein in subsequently sectioned lung tissue demonstrated accumulation in PAH compared with failed donor lung controls. RNAscope in situ hybridization indicated ACAN expression in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. Based on qualitative histological analysis, aggrecan localizes to cellular, rather than fibrotic or collagenous, lesions. Interestingly, ADAMTS15, a potential aggrecanase, was upregulated in pulmonary arteries in PAH. Aligning traditional histological analysis with three-dimensional renderings of pulmonary arteries from synchrotron imaging identified aggrecan in lumen-reducing lesions containing loose, cell-rich connective tissue, at sites of intrapulmonary bronchopulmonary shunting, and at sites of presumed elevated pulmonary blood pressure. Our findings suggest that ACAN expression may be an early response to injury in pulmonary angiopathy and supports recent work showing that dysregulation of aggrecan turnover is a hallmark of arterial adaptations to altered hemodynamics. Whether cause or effect, aggrecan and aggrecanase regulation in PAH are potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar van der Have
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Timothy J. Mead
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Christian Westöö
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Niccolò Peruzzi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Ayse C. Mutgan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular ResearchGrazAustria,Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research CenterMedical University GrazGrazAustria
| | - Christian Norvik
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Martin Bech
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - André Struglics
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Hans Brunnström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,Department of Genetics and PathologyDivision of Laboratory MedicineLundSweden
| | - Gunilla Westergren‐Thorsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular ResearchGrazAustria,Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research CenterMedical University GrazGrazAustria,Institute for Lung HealthJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Suneel S. Apte
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Karin Tran‐Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,The Pediatric Heart CenterSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
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15
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Crnkovic S, Rittchen S, Jandl K, Gindlhuber J, Zabini D, Mutgan AC, Valzano F, Boehm PM, Hoetzenecker K, Toller W, Veith C, Heinemann A, Schermuly RT, Olschewski A, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. Divergent Roles of Ephrin-B2/EphB4 Guidance System in Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:e17-e28. [PMID: 36519465 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cell (SMC) expansion is one key morphological hallmark of pathologically altered vasculature and a characteristic feature of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Normal embryonal vessel maturation requires successful coverage of endothelial tubes with SMC, which is dependent on ephrin-B2 and EphB4 ligand-receptor guidance system. In this study, we investigated the potential role of ephrin-B2 and EphB4 on neomuscularization in adult pulmonary vascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Ephrin-B2 and EphB4 expression is preserved in smooth muscle and endothelial cells of remodeled pulmonary arteries. Chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension was not ameliorated in mice with SMC-specific conditional ephrin-B2 knockout. In mice with global inducible ephrin-B2 knockout, pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy upon chronic hypoxia exposure were significantly diminished compared to hypoxic controls, while right ventricular systolic pressure was unaffected. In contrast, EphB4 receptor kinase activity inhibition reduced right ventricular systolic pressure in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension without affecting pulmonary vascular remodeling. Genetic deletion of ephrin-B2 in murine pulmonary artery SMC, and pharmacological inhibition of EphB4 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, blunted mitogen-induced cell proliferation. Loss of EphB4 signaling additionally reduced RhoA expression and weakened the interaction between human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in a three-dimensional coculture model. CONCLUSIONS In sum, pulmonary vascular remodeling was dependent on ephrin-B2-induced Eph receptor (erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor) forward signaling in SMC, while EphB4 receptor activity was necessary for RhoA expression in SMC, interaction with endothelial cells and vasoconstrictive components of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Crnkovic
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.R., K.J., A.H.).,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.R.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.R., K.J., A.H.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.).,Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (J.G.)
| | - Diana Zabini
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Francesco Valzano
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Panja M Boehm
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (P.M.B., K.H.)
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (P.M.B., K.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Toller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.T., A.O.)
| | - Christine Veith
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Germany (C.V.).,Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Germany (C.V., R.T.S.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.R., K.J., A.H.)
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Germany (C.V., R.T.S.)
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.).,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.T., A.O.)
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.).,Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany (G.K.)
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16
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Crnkovic S, Valzano F, Fließer E, Gindlhuber J, Thekkekara Puthenparampil H, Basil M, Morley MP, Katzen J, Gschwandtner E, Klepetko W, Cantu E, Wolinski H, Olschewski H, Lindenmann J, Zhao YY, Morrisey EE, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals skewed cellular communication and phenotypic shift in pulmonary artery remodeling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153471. [PMID: 36099047 PMCID: PMC9714792 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A central feature of progressive vascular remodeling is altered smooth muscle cell (SMC) homeostasis; however, the understanding of how different cell populations contribute to this process is limited. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to provide insight into cellular composition changes within isolated pulmonary arteries (PAs) from pulmonary arterial hypertension and donor lungs. Our results revealed that remodeling skewed the balanced communication network between immune and structural cells, in particular SMCs. Comparative analysis with murine PAs showed that human PAs harbored heterogeneous SMC populations with an abundant intermediary cluster displaying a gradient transition between SMCs and adventitial fibroblasts. Transcriptionally distinct SMC populations were enriched in specific biological processes and could be differentiated into 4 major clusters: oxygen sensing (enriched in pericytes), contractile, synthetic, and fibroblast-like. End-stage remodeling was associated with phenotypic shift of preexisting SMC populations and accumulation of synthetic SMCs in neointima. Distinctly regulated genes in clusters built nonredundant regulatory hubs encompassing stress response and differentiation regulators. The current study provides a blueprint of cellular and molecular changes on a single-cell level that are defining the pathological vascular remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Crnkovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center and
| | - Francesco Valzano
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fließer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Jürgen Gindlhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Maria Basil
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mike P. Morley
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabeth Gschwandtner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edward Cantu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and,Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jörg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Section of Injury Repair and Regeneration, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Edward E. Morrisey
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leigh M. Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center and
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center and,Institute of Lung Health, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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17
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Blanchard N, Link PA, Farkas D, Harmon B, Hudson J, Bogamuwa S, Piper B, Authelet K, Cool CD, Heise RL, Freishtat R, Farkas L. Dichotomous role of integrin-β5 in lung endothelial cells. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12156. [PMID: 36438452 PMCID: PMC9684688 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, devastating disease, and its main histological manifestation is an occlusive pulmonary arteriopathy. One important functional component of PAH is aberrant endothelial cell (EC) function including apoptosis-resistance, unchecked proliferation, and impaired migration. The mechanisms leading to and maintaining physiologic and aberrant EC function are not fully understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in PAH, ECs have increased expression of the transmembrane protein integrin-β5, which contributes to migration and survival under physiologic and pathological conditions, but also to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EnMT). We found that elevated integrin-β5 expression in pulmonary artery lesions and lung tissue from PAH patients and rats with PH induced by chronic hypoxia and injection of CD117+ rat lung EC clones. These EC clones exhibited elevated expression of integrin-β5 and its heterodimerization partner integrin-αν and showed accelerated barrier formation. Inhibition of integrin-ανβ5 in vitro partially blocked transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EnMT gene expression in rat lung control ECs and less in rat lung EC clones and human lung microvascular ECs. Inhibition of integrin-ανβ5 promoted endothelial dysfunction as shown by reduced migration in a scratch assay and increased apoptosis in synergism with TGF-β1. In vivo, blocking of integrin-ανβ5 exaggerated PH induced by chronic hypoxia and CD117+ EC clones in rats. In summary, we found a role for integrin-ανβ5 in lung endothelial survival and migration, but also a partial contribution to TGF-β1-induced EnMT gene expression. Our results suggest that integrin-ανβ5 is required for physiologic function of ECs and lung vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Blanchard
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Patrick A. Link
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMichiganUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Brennan Harmon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jaylen Hudson
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Srimathi Bogamuwa
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Bryce Piper
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kayla Authelet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Carlyne D. Cool
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Colorado at DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Robert Freishtat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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18
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Caporarello N, Lee J, Pham TX, Jones DL, Guan J, Link PA, Meridew JA, Marden G, Yamashita T, Osborne CA, Bhagwate AV, Huang SK, Nicosia RF, Tschumperlin DJ, Trojanowska M, Ligresti G. Dysfunctional ERG signaling drives pulmonary vascular aging and persistent fibrosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4170. [PMID: 35879310 PMCID: PMC9314350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is a hallmark of chronic diseases in elderly. The contribution of the vasculature to lung repair and fibrosis is not fully understood. Here, we performed an epigenetic and transcriptional analysis of lung endothelial cells (ECs) from young and aged mice during the resolution or progression of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We identified the transcription factor ETS-related gene (ERG) as putative orchestrator of lung capillary homeostasis and repair, and whose function is dysregulated in aging. ERG dysregulation is associated with reduced chromatin accessibility and maladaptive transcriptional responses to injury. Loss of endothelial ERG enhances paracrine fibroblast activation in vitro, and impairs lung fibrosis resolution in young mice in vivo. scRNA-seq of ERG deficient mouse lungs reveales transcriptional and fibrogenic abnormalities resembling those associated with aging and human lung fibrosis, including reduced number of general capillary (gCap) ECs. Our findings demonstrate that lung endothelial chromatin remodeling deteriorates with aging leading to abnormal transcription, vascular dysrepair, and persistent fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tho X Pham
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dakota L Jones
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiazhen Guan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick A Link
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meridew
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grace Marden
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Collin A Osborne
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditya V Bhagwate
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Maria Trojanowska
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Lansdell TA, Chambers LC, Dorrance AM. Endothelial Cells and the Cerebral Circulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3449-3508. [PMID: 35766836 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health. The cerebral vasculature is responsible for protecting the brain from external threats carried in the blood. The endothelial cells are central to this requirement as they form the basis of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelium also regulates fibrinolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, vascular permeability, metabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and white cell trafficking. Endothelial cells regulate the changes in vascular structure caused by angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Further, the endothelium contributes to vascular tone, allowing proper perfusion of the brain which has high energy demands and no energy stores. In this article, we discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cerebral endothelium. Where appropriate, we discuss the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the cerebral endothelium and the contribution of cerebrovascular disease endothelial dysfunction and dementia. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3449-3508, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laura C Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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20
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Su D, Huang Y, Liu D, Huang Y, Ye B, Qin S, Chen C, Pang Y. Bioinformatic analysis of dysregulated circular RNAs in pediatric pulmonary hypertension linked congenital heart disease. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:715-727. [PMID: 35685074 PMCID: PMC9173884 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may play important roles in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the potential roles they play in childhood pulmonary arterial hypertension associated congenital heart disease (CHD) progression remains unclear. METHODS Thirteen human plasma samples including eight from pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to CHD patients and five from a control group were analyzed using the Arraystar Human circRNA array. The relative expression levels of five differentially expressed circRNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In parallel, these levels were also taken on control samples from 32 CHD patients. We used miRanda and TargetScan software packages to predict potential microRNA (miRNA)targets, which were then combined into a circRNA-miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) network. RESULTS Twenty-seven circRNAs (three upregulated and 24 downregulated) were differentially expressed between the pulmonary arterial hypertension and control groups. Compared to control group levels, circ_003416 expression in the pulmonary arterial hypertension group was significantly downregulated, while circ_005372 expression, in contrast, was significantly upregulated. The differential expression of these circRNAs was mainly linked to variation in levels of oxidative phosphorylation and tight junction signaling. CONCLUSIONS We identified one overexpressed and one underexpressed circRNA in plasma samples from children with CHD associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Bioinformatic analysis indicated these dysregulated circRNAs might be associated with the occurrence and regulation of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingbing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Suyuan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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21
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Vang S, Cochran P, Sebastian Domingo J, Krick S, Barnes JW. The Glycobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040316. [PMID: 35448503 PMCID: PMC9026683 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vascular disease of complex etiology. Cases of PAH that do not receive therapy after diagnosis have a low survival rate. Multiple reports have shown that idiopathic PAH, or IPAH, is associated with metabolic dysregulation including altered bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Multiple processes such as increased proliferation of pulmonary vascular cells, angiogenesis, apoptotic resistance, and vasoconstriction may be regulated by the metabolic changes demonstrated in PAH. Recent reports have underscored similarities between metabolic abnormalities in cancer and IPAH. In particular, increased glucose uptake and altered glucose utilization have been documented and have been linked to the aforementioned processes. We were the first to report a link between altered glucose metabolism and changes in glycosylation. Subsequent reports have highlighted similar findings, including a potential role for altered metabolism and aberrant glycosylation in IPAH pathogenesis. This review will detail research findings that demonstrate metabolic dysregulation in PAH with an emphasis on glycobiology. Furthermore, this report will illustrate the similarities in the pathobiology of PAH and cancer and highlight the novel findings that researchers have explored in the field.
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22
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Royse MK, Means AK, Calderon GA, Kinstlinger IS, He Y, Durante MR, Procopio A, Veiseh O, Xu J. A 3D printable perfused hydrogel vascular model to assay ultrasound-induced permeability. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3158-3173. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of an in vitro model to study vascular permeability is vital for clinical applications such as the targeted delivery of therapeutics. This work demonstrates the use of a...
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23
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Jandl K, Mutgan AC, Eller K, Schaefer L, Kwapiszewska G. The basement membrane in the cross-roads between the lung and kidney. Matrix Biol 2021; 105:31-52. [PMID: 34839001 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) is a specialized layer of extracellular matrix components that plays a central role in maintaining lung and kidney functions. Although the composition of the BM is usually tissue specific, the lung and the kidney preferentially use similar BM components. Unsurprisingly, diseases with BM defects often have severe pulmonary or renal manifestations, sometimes both. Excessive remodeling of the BM, which is a hallmark of both inflammatory and fibrosing diseases in the lung and the kidney, can lead to the release of BM-derived matrikines, proteolytic fragments with distinct biological functions. These matrikines can then influence disease activity at the site of liberation. However, they are also released to the circulation, where they can directly affect the vascular endothelium or target other organs, leading to extrapulmonary or extrarenal manifestations. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the composition and function of the BM and its matrikines in health and disease, both in the lung and in the kidney. By comparison, we will highlight, why the BM and its matrikines may be central in establishing a renal-pulmonary interaction axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany..
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24
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Samocha-Bonet D, Wu B, Ryugo DK. Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss: A review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101423. [PMID: 34384902 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes (type 2) and sensorineural hearing loss are common health problems manifested with ageing. While both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been associated with hearing loss, a causal link has been difficult to establish. Individuals with diabetes have twice the incidence of hearing loss compared to those without diabetes and those with prediabetes have a 30% higher rate of hearing loss. Whether hearing loss is associated with diabetes independent of glycemic control remains to be determined. Hearing loss has its own set of risk factors and shares others with diabetes. This review will summarize the complex relationship between diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Buffy Wu
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David K Ryugo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck and Skull Base Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
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25
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Ambade AS, Hassoun PM, Damico RL. Basement Membrane Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Pulmonary Vascular and Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:245-258. [PMID: 34129804 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0091tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), a highly organized network of structural and non-structural proteins, plays a pivotal role in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Changes in the ECM are critical for normal tissue repair, while dysregulation contributes to aberrant tissue remodeling. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disorder of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by pathologic remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV), increased production and deposition of structural and non-structural proteins, and altered expression of ECM growth factors and proteases. Furthermore, ECM remodeling plays a significant role in disease progression as several dynamic changes in its composition, quantity, and organization are documented in both humans and animal models of disease. These ECM changes impact upon vascular cell biology and affect proliferation of resident cells. Further, ECM components determine the tissue architecture of the pulmonary and myocardial vasculature as well as the myocardium itself, and provide mechanical stability crucial for tissue homeostasis. However, little is known about the basement membrane (BM), a specialized, self-assembled conglomerate of ECM proteins, during remodeling. In the vasculature, the BM is in close physical association with the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. While in the myocardium, each cardiomyocyte is enclosed by a BM that serves as the interface between cardiomyocytes and the surrounding interstitial matrix. In this review, we provide a brief overview on the current state of knowledge of the BM and its ECM composition and their impact on pulmonary vascular remodeling and RV dysfunction and failure in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjira S Ambade
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1500, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1500, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rachel L Damico
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1500, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;
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26
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Hao S, Jiang P, Xie L, Xiang G, Liu Z, Hu W, Wu Q, Jiang L, Xiao Y, Li S. Essential Genes and MiRNA-mRNA Network Contributing to the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:627873. [PMID: 34026864 PMCID: PMC8133434 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.627873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a life-threatening disease. Owing to its high fatality rate and narrow therapeutic options, identification of the pathogenic mechanisms of IPAH is becoming increasingly important. Methods: In our research, we utilized the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to integrate four eligible pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) microarray datasets and identified the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IPAH and normal samples. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed to analyze their functions. The interaction network of protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed to explore the correlation between these DEGs. The functional modules and hub genes were further identified by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Moreover, a miRNA microarray dataset was involved and analyzed to filter differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs). Potential target genes of screened DE-miRNAs were predicted and merged with DEGs to explore a miRNA-mRNA network in IPAH. Some hub genes were selected and validated by RT-PCR in lung tissues from the PAH animal model. Results: A total of 260 DEGs, consisting of 183 upregulated and 77 downregulated significant DEGs, were identified, and some of those genes were novel. Their molecular roles in the etiology of IPAH remained vague. The most crucial functional module involved in IPAH is mainly enriched in biological processes, including leukocyte migration, cell chemotaxis, and myeloid leukocyte migration. Construction and analysis of the PPI network showed that CXCL10, CXCL9, CCR1, CX3CR1, CX3CL1, CXCR2, CXCR1, PF4, CCL4L1, and ADORA3 were recognized as top 10 hub genes with high connectivity degrees. WGCNA further identified five main functional modules involved in the pathogenesis of IPAH. Twelve upregulated DE-miRNAs and nine downregulated DE-miRNAs were identified. Among them, four downregulated DEGs and eight upregulated DEGs were supposed to be negatively regulated by three upregulated DE-miRNAs and three downregulated DE-miRNAs, respectively. Conclusions: This study identifies some key and functional coexpression modules involved in IPAH, as well as a potential IPAH-related miRNA-mRNA regulated network. It provides deepening insights into the molecular mechanisms and provides vital clues in seeking novel therapeutic targets for IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiling Xiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Deng Z, Kalin GT, Shi D, Kalinichenko VV. Nanoparticle Delivery Systems with Cell-Specific Targeting for Pulmonary Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:292-307. [PMID: 33095997 PMCID: PMC7909340 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0306tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory disorders are among the most important medical problems threatening human life. The conventional therapeutics for respiratory disorders are hindered by insufficient drug concentrations at pathological lesions, lack of cell-specific targeting, and various biobarriers in the conducting airways and alveoli. To address these critical issues, various nanoparticle delivery systems have been developed to serve as carriers of specific drugs, DNA expression vectors, and RNAs. The unique properties of nanoparticles, including controlled size and distribution, surface functional groups, high payload capacity, and drug release triggering capabilities, are tailored to specific requirements in drug/gene delivery to overcome major delivery barriers in pulmonary diseases. To avoid off-target effects and improve therapeutic efficacy, nanoparticles with high cell-targeting specificity are essential for successful nanoparticle therapies. Furthermore, low toxicity and high degradability of the nanoparticles are among the most important requirements in the nanoparticle designs. In this review, we provide the most up-to-date research and clinical outcomes in nanoparticle therapies for pulmonary diseases. We also address the current critical issues in key areas of pulmonary cell targeting, biosafety and compatibility, and molecular mechanisms for selective cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Deng
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Gregory T. Kalin
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Chakraborty A, de Jesus Perez VA. Hiding in Plain Sight: The Basement Membrane in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:13-14. [PMID: 32275838 PMCID: PMC7328255 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0100ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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29
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Mutgan AC, Jandl K, Kwapiszewska G. Endothelial Basement Membrane Components and Their Products, Matrikines: Active Drivers of Pulmonary Hypertension? Cells 2020; 9:cells9092029. [PMID: 32899187 PMCID: PMC7563239 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular disease that is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) due to progressive vascular remodeling. Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in pulmonary arteries (PA) is one of the key features of vascular remodeling. Emerging evidence indicates that the basement membrane (BM), a specialized cluster of ECM proteins underlying the endothelium, may be actively involved in the progression of vascular remodeling. The BM and its steady turnover are pivotal for maintaining appropriate vascular functions. However, the pathologically elevated turnover of BM components leads to an increased release of biologically active short fragments, which are called matrikines. Both BM components and their matrikines can interfere with pivotal biological processes, such as survival, proliferation, adhesion, and migration and thus may actively contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the emerging role of the BM and its matrikines on the vascular endothelium and further discuss its implications on lung vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence:
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