1
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Yue Y, Ren Y, Lu C, Li P, Zhang G. Epigenetic regulation of human FOXP3+ Tregs: from homeostasis maintenance to pathogen defense. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1444533. [PMID: 39144146 PMCID: PMC11323565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1444533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), characterized by the expression of Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), constitute a distinct subset of T cells crucial for immune regulation. Tregs can exert direct and indirect control over immune homeostasis by releasing inhibitory factors or differentiating into Th-like Treg (Th-Treg), thereby actively contributing to the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases. The epigenetic regulation of FOXP3, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, and post-translational modifications, governs the development and optimal suppressive function of Tregs. In addition, Tregs can also possess the ability to maintain homeostasis in diverse microenvironments through non-suppressive mechanisms. In this review, we primarily focus on elucidating the epigenetic regulation of Tregs as well as their multifaceted roles within diverse physiological contexts while looking forward to potential strategies involving augmentation or suppression of Tregs activity for disease management, particularly in light of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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2
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McCullough MJ, Bose PG, Mock JR. Regulatory T cells: Supporting lung homeostasis and promoting resolution and repair after lung injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 170:106568. [PMID: 38518980 PMCID: PMC11031275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells, characterized by their expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box P3, are indispensable in maintaining immune homeostasis. The respiratory system is constantly exposed to many environmental challenges, making it susceptible to various insults and infections. Regulatory T cells play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis in the lung and promoting repair after injury. Regulatory T cell function dysregulation can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, or aberrant repair. Research on regulatory T cell mechanisms in the lung has unveiled their influence on lung inflammation and repair mechanisms. In this review, our goal is to highlight the advances in regulatory T cell biology with respect to lung injury and resolution. We further provide a perspective that a deeper understanding of regulatory T cell interactions in the lung microenvironment in health and disease states offers opportunities for therapeutic interventions as treatments to promote lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J McCullough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pria G Bose
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason R Mock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Tee JH, Vijayakumar U, Shanmugasundaram M, Lam TYW, Liao W, Yang Y, Wong WSF, Ge R. Isthmin-1 attenuates allergic Asthma by stimulating adiponectin expression and alveolar macrophage efferocytosis in mice. Respir Res 2023; 24:269. [PMID: 37932719 PMCID: PMC10626717 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a common respiratory disease that significantly impacts human health. Through in silico analysis of human lung RNASeq, we found that asthmatic lungs display lower levels of Isthmin-1 (ISM1) expression than healthy lungs. ISM1 is an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein that is highly expressed in mouse lungs and bronchial epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis. However, how ISM1 influences asthma remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of ISM1 in allergic airway inflammation and uncover the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We investigated the pivotal role of ISM1 in airway inflammation using an ISM1 knockout mouse line (ISM1-/-) and challenged them with house dust mite (HDM) extract to induce allergic-like airway/lung inflammation. To examine the impact of ISM1 deficiency, we analyzed the infiltration of immune cells into the lungs and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the therapeutic potential of ISM1 by administering recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) via the intratracheal route to rescue the effects of ISM1 reduction in HDM-challenged mice. RNA-Seq, western blot, and fluorescence microscopy techniques were subsequently used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS ISM1-/- mice showed a pronounced worsening of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness upon HDM challenge. The heightened inflammation in ISM1-/- mice correlated with enhanced lung cell necroptosis, as indicated by higher pMLKL expression. Intratracheal delivery of rISM1 significantly reduced the number of eosinophils in BALF and goblet cell hyperplasia. Mechanistically, ISM1 stimulates adiponectin secretion by type 2 alveolar epithelial cells partially through the GRP78 receptor and enhances adiponectin-facilitated apoptotic cell clearance via alveolar macrophage efferocytosis. Reduced adiponectin expression under ISM1 deficiency also contributed to intensified necroptosis, prolonged inflammation, and heightened severity of airway hyperresponsiveness. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that ISM1 functions to restrain airway hyperresponsiveness to HDM-triggered allergic-like airway/lung inflammation in mice, consistent with its persistent downregulation in human asthma. Direct administration of rISM1 into the airway alleviates airway inflammation and promotes immune cell clearance, likely by stimulating airway adiponectin production. These findings suggest that ISM1 has therapeutic potential for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Huat Tee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Udhaya Vijayakumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mahalakshmi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Terence Y W Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
- Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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4
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Lao P, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang Y, Fan X. Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231331. [PMID: 37795866 PMCID: PMC10611924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lao
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Longqian Tang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
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5
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Kapellos TS, Conlon TM, Yildirim AÖ, Lehmann M. The impact of the immune system on lung injury and regeneration in COPD. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2300589. [PMID: 37652569 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00589-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
COPD is a devastating respiratory condition that manifests via persistent inflammation, emphysema development and small airway remodelling. Lung regeneration is defined as the ability of the lung to repair itself after injury by the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cell populations, and becomes impaired in the COPD lung as a consequence of cell intrinsic epithelial stem cell defects and signals from the micro-environment. Although the loss of structural integrity and lung regenerative capacity are critical for disease progression, our understanding of the cellular players and molecular pathways that hamper regeneration in COPD remains limited. Intriguingly, despite being a key driver of COPD pathogenesis, the role of the immune system in regulating lung regenerative mechanisms is understudied. In this review, we summarise recent evidence on the contribution of immune cells to lung injury and regeneration. We focus on four main axes: 1) the mechanisms via which myeloid cells cause alveolar degradation; 2) the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures and the production of autoreactive antibodies; 3) the consequences of inefficient apoptotic cell removal; and 4) the effects of innate and adaptive immune cell signalling on alveolar epithelial proliferation and differentiation. We finally provide insight on how recent technological advances in omics technologies and human ex vivo lung models can delineate immune cell-epithelium cross-talk and expedite precision pro-regenerative approaches toward reprogramming the alveolar immune niche to treat COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S Kapellos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Conlon
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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6
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Alvarez F, Piccirillo CA. The functional adaptation of effector Foxp3 + regulatory T cells to pulmonary inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250273. [PMID: 37366319 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
During infections, the timings of effector differentiation of pulmonary immune responses are of paramount importance, as pathogen persistence and unsuppressed inflammation can rapidly lead to a loss of function, increased frailty, and death. Thus, both an efficient clearance of the danger and a rapid resolution of inflammation are critical to host survival. We now know that tissue-localized FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, are highly attuned to the type of immune response, acquiring unique phenotypic characteristics that allow them to adapt their suppressive functions with the nature of inflammatory cells. To achieve this, activated effector TREG cells acquire specialized TH 1, TH 2, and TH 17-like characteristics that allow them to migrate, survive, and time their function(s) through refined mechanisms. Herein, we describe how this process requires a unique developmental path that includes the acquisition of master transcription factors and the expression of receptors adapted to sense local danger signals that are found during pulmonary inflammation. In turn, we offer an overview of how these characteristics promote the capacity of local effector TREG cells to proliferate, survive, and display suppressive strategies to resolve lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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7
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Jovisic M, Mambetsariev N, Singer BD, Morales-Nebreda L. Differential roles of regulatory T cells in acute respiratory infections. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170505. [PMID: 37463441 PMCID: PMC10348770 DOI: 10.1172/jci170505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections trigger an inflammatory immune response with the goal of pathogen clearance; however, overexuberant inflammation causes tissue damage and impairs pulmonary function. CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) interact with cells of both the innate and the adaptive immune system to limit acute pulmonary inflammation and promote its resolution. Tregs also provide tissue protection and coordinate lung tissue repair, facilitating a return to homeostatic pulmonary function. Here, we review Treg-mediated modulation of the host response to respiratory pathogens, focusing on mechanisms underlying how Tregs promote resolution of inflammation and repair of acute lung injury. We also discuss potential strategies to harness and optimize Tregs as a cellular therapy for patients with severe acute respiratory infection and discuss open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Jovisic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
| | | | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
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8
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Ripple MJ, Huang M, Stephenson ST, Mohammad AF, Tidwell M, Fitzpatrick AM, Kamaleswaran R, Grunwell JR. RNA Sequencing Analysis of CD4 + T Cells Exposed to Airway Fluid From Children With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0935. [PMID: 37378084 PMCID: PMC10292738 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells contribute to lung inflammation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. The CD4+ T-cell response in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify differentially expressed genes and networks using a novel transcriptomic reporter assay with donor CD4+ T cells exposed to the airway fluid of intubated children with mild versus severe PARDS. DESIGN In vitro pilot study. SETTING Laboratory-based study using human airway fluid samples admitted to a 36-bed university-affiliated pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS/SUBJECTS Seven children with severe PARDS, nine children with mild PARDS, and four intubated children without lung injury as controls. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We performed bulk RNA sequencing using a transcriptomic reporter assay of CD4+ T cells exposed to airway fluid from intubated children to discover gene networks differentiating severe from mild PARDS. We found that innate immunity pathways, type I (α and β), and type II (γ) interferon response and cytokine/chemokine signaling are downregulated in CD4+ T cells exposed to airway fluid from intubated children with severe PARDS compared with those with mild PARDS. CONCLUSIONS We identified gene networks important to the PARDS airway immune response using bulk RNA sequencing from a novel CD4+ T-cell reporter assay that exposed CD4+ T cells to airway fluid from intubated children with severe and mild PARDS. These pathways will help drive mechanistic investigations into PARDS. Validation of our findings using this transcriptomic reporter assay strategy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ripple
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Egleston Hospital, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan T Stephenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ahmad F Mohammad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mallory Tidwell
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Egleston Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Egleston Hospital, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rishikesan Kamaleswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jocelyn R Grunwell
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Egleston Hospital, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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9
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Combes AJ, Samad B, Krummel MF. Defining and using immune archetypes to classify and treat cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00578-2. [PMID: 37277485 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumours are surrounded by a host immune system that can suppress or promote tumour growth. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has often been framed as a singular entity, suggesting a single type of immune state that is defective and in need of therapeutic intervention. By contrast, the past few years have highlighted a plurality of immune states that can surround tumours. In this Perspective, we suggest that different TMEs have 'archetypal' qualities across all cancers - characteristic and repeating collections of cells and gene-expression profiles at the level of the bulk tumour. We discuss many studies that together support a view that tumours typically draw from a finite number (around 12) of 'dominant' immune archetypes. In considering the likely evolutionary origin and roles of these archetypes, their associated TMEs can be predicted to have specific vulnerabilities that can be leveraged as targets for cancer treatment with expected and addressable adverse effects for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Combes
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Immunoprofiler Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bushra Samad
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Immunoprofiler Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Immunoprofiler Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Guan T, Zhou X, Zhou W, Lin H. Regulatory T cell and macrophage crosstalk in acute lung injury: future perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 36646692 PMCID: PMC9841501 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) describes the injury to endothelial cells in the lungs and associated vessels due to various factors. Furthermore, ALI accompanied by inflammation and thrombosis has been reported as a common complication of SARS-COV-2 infection. It is widely accepted that inflammation and the cytokine storm are main causes of ALI. Two classical anti-inflammatory cell types, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2 macrophages, are theoretically capable of resisting uncontrolled inflammation. Recent studies have indicated possible crosstalk between Tregs and macrophages involving their mutual activation. In this review, we discuss the current findings related to ALI pathogenesis and the role of Tregs and macrophages. In particular, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between Tregs and macrophages in ALI pathogenesis. Understanding the role of Tregs and macrophages will provide the potential targets for treating ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Guan
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi China ,grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Queen Mary university, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xv Zhou
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi China ,grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Queen Mary university, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Hui Lin
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi China
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11
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Dexmedetomidine alleviates acute lung injury by promoting Tregs differentiation via activation of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:423-438. [PMID: 36534240 PMCID: PMC9762669 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the anti-inflammatory effect and the potential mechanism of dexmedetomidine in ARDS/ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice and EL-4 cells were used in this research. The ALI model was established by CLP. The level of inflammatory cytokines in the lung and blood, the severity of lung injury, the expression of Foxp3, and the proportion of Tregs were detected before and after dexmedetomidine treatment. The expression of the AMPK/SIRT1 after dexmedetomidine treatment was detected in vivo and in vitro. After blocking the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway or depleting Tregs in vivo, the level of the inflammatory response, tissue injury, and Tregs differentiation were detected again to clarify the effect of dexmedetomidine. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced systemic inflammation and lung injury in CLP mice. Dexmedetomidine enhanced the Foxp3 expression in the lungs and the frequency of Tregs in the spleen. Dexmedetomidine up-regulated the protein expression of p-AMPK and SIRT1 in lungs and EL-4 cells and facilitated the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Tregs in vitro. Meanwhile, DEX also increased the expression of Helios in Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS DEX could improve ARDS/ALI by facilitating the differentiation of Tregs from naïve CD4+ T cells via activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.
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12
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Xu J, Xiao N, Zhou D, Xie L. Disease tolerance: a protective mechanism of lung infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1037850. [PMID: 37207185 PMCID: PMC10189053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1037850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance and tolerance are two important strategies employed by the host immune response to defend against pathogens. Multidrug-resistant bacteria affect the resistance mechanisms involved in pathogen clearance. Disease tolerance, defined as the ability to reduce the negative impact of infection on the host, might be a new research direction for the treatment of infections. The lungs are highly susceptible to infections and thus are important for understanding host tolerance and its precise mechanisms. This review focuses on the factors that induce lung disease tolerance, cell and molecular mechanisms involved in tissue damage control, and the relationship between disease tolerance and sepsis immunoparalysis. Understanding the exact mechanism of lung disease tolerance could allow better assessment of the immune status of patients and provide new ideas for the treatment of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Zhou, ; Lixin Xie,
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Zhou, ; Lixin Xie,
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13
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Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus attenuates acute lung inflammation in a murine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome: Relevance to cytokines associated to STAT4/T-bet and STAT3/RORɣt”. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Dinnon KH, Leist SR, Okuda K, Dang H, Fritch EJ, Gully KL, De la Cruz G, Evangelista MD, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Hawkins P, Nakano S, West A, Schäfer A, Gralinski LE, Everman JL, Sajuthi SP, Zweigart MR, Dong S, McBride J, Cooley MR, Hines JB, Love MK, Groshong SD, VanSchoiack A, Phelan SJ, Liang Y, Hether T, Leon M, Zumwalt RE, Barton LM, Duval EJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Stroberg E, Borczuk A, Thorne LB, Sakthivel MK, Lee YZ, Hagood JS, Mock JR, Seibold MA, O’Neal WK, Montgomery SA, Boucher RC, Baric RS. SARS-CoV-2 infection produces chronic pulmonary epithelial and immune cell dysfunction with fibrosis in mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo5070. [PMID: 35857635 PMCID: PMC9273046 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A subset of individuals who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PASC), but the mechanistic basis of PASC-associated lung abnormalities suffers from a lack of longitudinal tissue samples. The mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain MA10 produces an acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice similar to humans. To investigate PASC pathogenesis, studies of MA10-infected mice were extended from acute to clinical recovery phases. At 15 to 120 days after virus clearance, pulmonary histologic findings included subpleural lesions composed of collagen, proliferative fibroblasts, and chronic inflammation, including tertiary lymphoid structures. Longitudinal spatial transcriptional profiling identified global reparative and fibrotic pathways dysregulated in diseased regions, similar to human COVID-19. Populations of alveolar intermediate cells, coupled with focal up-regulation of profibrotic markers, were identified in persistently diseased regions. Early intervention with antiviral EIDD-2801 reduced chronic disease, and early antifibrotic agent (nintedanib) intervention modified early disease severity. This murine model provides opportunities to identify pathways associated with persistent SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease and test countermeasures to ameliorate PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ethan J. Fritch
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Mia D. Evangelista
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Padraig Hawkins
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jamie L. Everman
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Satria P. Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Mark R. Zweigart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer McBride
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michelle R. Cooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jesse B. Hines
- Golden Point Scientific Laboratories, Hoover, Alabama 35216, USA
| | - Miriya K. Love
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Steve D. Groshong
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Tyler Hether
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Michael Leon
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ross E. Zumwalt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Lisa M. Barton
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105, USA
| | - Eric J. Duval
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105, USA
| | | | - Edana Stroberg
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Leigh B. Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Muthu K. Sakthivel
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yueh Z. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - James S. Hagood
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonology Division and Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jason R. Mock
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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15
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Estrada Brull A, Panetti C, Joller N. Moving to the Outskirts: Interplay Between Regulatory T Cells and Peripheral Tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864628. [PMID: 35572535 PMCID: PMC9099010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) restrain excessive immune responses and dampen inflammation. In addition to this classical immune suppressive role, Tregs in non-lymphoid tissues also promote tissue homeostasis, regeneration and repair. In this review, we outline our current understanding of how Tregs migrate to peripheral tissues and the factors required for their maintenance at these sites. We discuss the tissue-specific adaptations of Tregs at barrier and immuno-privileged sites and the mechanisms that regulate their function within these organs. Furthermore, we outline what is known about the interactions of Tregs with non-immune cells in the different peripheral tissues at steady state and upon challenge or tissue damage. A thorough understanding of the tissue-specific adaptations and functions of Tregs will potentially pave the way for therapeutic approaches targeting their regenerative role.
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16
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Joudi AM, Reyes Flores CP, Singer BD. Epigenetic Control of Regulatory T Cell Stability and Function: Implications for Translation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861607. [PMID: 35309306 PMCID: PMC8924620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis, promote self-tolerance, and have an emerging role in resolving acute inflammation, providing tissue protection, and repairing tissue damage. Some data suggest that FoxP3+ T cells are plastic, exhibiting susceptibility to losing their function in inflammatory cytokine-rich microenvironments and paradoxically contributing to inflammatory pathology. As a result, plasticity may represent a barrier to Treg cell immunotherapy. Here, we discuss controversies surrounding Treg cell plasticity and explore determinants of Treg cell stability in inflammatory microenvironments, focusing on epigenetic mechanisms that clinical protocols could leverage to enhance efficacy and limit toxicity of Treg cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Joudi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Canning Thoracic Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carla P. Reyes Flores
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Canning Thoracic Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Canning Thoracic Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Dinnon KH, Leist SR, Okuda K, Dang H, Fritch EJ, Gully KL, De la Cruz G, Evangelista MD, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Hawkins P, Nakano S, West A, Schäfer A, Gralinski LE, Everman JL, Sajuthi SP, Zweigart MR, Dong S, McBride J, Cooley MR, Hines JB, Love MK, Groshong SD, VanSchoiack A, Phelan SJ, Liang Y, Hether T, Leon M, Zumwalt RE, Barton LM, Duval EJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Stroberg E, Borczuk A, Thorne LB, Sakthivel MK, Lee YZ, Hagood JS, Mock JR, Seibold MA, O’Neal WK, Montgomery SA, Boucher RC, Baric RS. A model of persistent post SARS-CoV-2 induced lung disease for target identification and testing of therapeutic strategies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.02.15.480515. [PMID: 35194605 PMCID: PMC8863140 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.15.480515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 survivors develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), but the mechanistic basis of PASC-associated lung abnormalities suffers from a lack of longitudinal samples. Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 produces an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice similar to humans. To investigate PASC pathogenesis, studies of MA10-infected mice were extended from acute disease through clinical recovery. At 15-120 days post-virus clearance, histologic evaluation identified subpleural lesions containing collagen, proliferative fibroblasts, and chronic inflammation with tertiary lymphoid structures. Longitudinal spatial transcriptional profiling identified global reparative and fibrotic pathways dysregulated in diseased regions, similar to human COVID-19. Populations of alveolar intermediate cells, coupled with focal upregulation of pro-fibrotic markers, were identified in persistently diseased regions. Early intervention with antiviral EIDD-2801 reduced chronic disease, and early anti-fibrotic agent (nintedanib) intervention modified early disease severity. This murine model provides opportunities to identify pathways associated with persistent SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease and test countermeasures to ameliorate PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ethan J. Fritch
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mia D. Evangelista
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Padraig Hawkins
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie L. Everman
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Satria P. Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark R. Zweigart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer McBride
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle R. Cooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesse B. Hines
- Golden Point Scientific Laboratories, Hoover, Alabama, USA
| | - Miriya K. Love
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steve D. Groshong
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tyler Hether
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Leon
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ross E. Zumwalt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa M. Barton
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eric J. Duval
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Edana Stroberg
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Leigh B. Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Muthu K. Sakthivel
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yueh Z. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James S. Hagood
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonology Division and Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason R. Mock
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Weinberg SE, Singer BD. Toward a Paradigm to Distinguish Distinct Functions of FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:944-952. [PMID: 34893512 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are a unique subset of CD4+ T cells that classically function as master regulators of immune homeostasis. Besides this canonical suppressive role, which is required to maintain self-tolerance, a growing body of literature has identified Treg cells as critical orchestrators of tissue protection during acute stress and as effector cells that drive repair following tissue injury. Despite substantial interest in these distinct roles, the field has struggled to disentangle Treg cell suppressive functions from those that promote tissue defense and repair. In this article, we will examine the literature in the context of specific physiologic settings, contrasting the suppressive function of Treg cells with their emerging roles in promoting tissue homeostasis and tissue repair. Further, we will discuss a new paradigm differentiating tissue defense from tissue repair-a paradigm needed to translate Treg cell-based therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Weinberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and.,Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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19
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Khemani RG, Lee JT, Wu D, Schenck EJ, Hayes MM, Kritek PA, Mutlu GM, Gershengorn HB, Coudroy R. Update in Critical Care 2020. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1088-1098. [PMID: 33734938 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0336up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robinder G Khemani
- Pediatric ICU, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica T Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Wu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edward J Schenck
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Margaret M Hayes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia A Kritek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hayley B Gershengorn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rémi Coudroy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Poitiers, France; and.,Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellyse M Cipolla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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21
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Norton DL, Ceppe A, Tune MK, McCravy M, Devlin T, Drummond MB, Carson SS, Vincent BG, Hagan RS, Dang H, Doerschuk CM, Mock JR. Bronchoalveolar Tregs are associated with duration of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Transl Med 2020; 18:427. [PMID: 33176790 PMCID: PMC7656499 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play essential roles in immune homeostasis and repair of damaged lung tissue. We hypothesized that patients whose lung injury resolves quickly, as measured by time to liberation from mechanical ventilation, have a higher percentage of Tregs amongst CD4+ T cells in either airway, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or peripheral blood samples. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation and collected serial samples, the first within 72 h of ARDS diagnosis (day 0) and the second 48–96 h later (day 3). We analyzed immune cell populations and cytokines in BAL, tracheal aspirates and peripheral blood, as well as cytokines in plasma, obtained at the time of bronchoscopy. The study cohort was divided into fast resolvers (FR; n = 8) and slow resolvers (SR; n = 5), based on the median number of days until first extubation for all participants (n = 13). The primary measure was the percentage of CD4+ T cells that were Tregs. Results The BAL of FR contained more Tregs than SR. This finding did not extend to Tregs in tracheal aspirates or blood. BAL Tregs expressed more of the full-length FOXP3 than a splice variant missing exon 2 compared to Tregs in simultaneously obtained peripheral blood. Conclusion Tregs are present in the bronchoalveolar space during ARDS. A greater percentage of CD4+ cells were Tregs in the BAL of FR than SR. Tregs may play a role in the resolution of ARDS, and enhancing their numbers or functions may be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin L Norton
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Agathe Ceppe
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Miriya K Tune
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew McCravy
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Devlin
- Department of Respiratory Care, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Bradley Drummond
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon S Carson
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason R Mock
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Marsico Hall 7203, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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