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Bush A. Learning from cystic fibrosis: How can we start to personalise treatment of Children's Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD)? Paediatr Respir Rev 2024; 50:46-53. [PMID: 37996258 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disorder cause by mutations in the CF Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) gene. The prognosis of cystic fibrosis has been transformed by the discovery of highly effective modulator therapies (HEMT). Treatment has changed from reactive therapy dealing with complications of the disease to pro-active correction of the underlying molecular functional abnormality. This has come about by discovering the detailed biology of the different CF molecular sub-endotypes; the development of biomarkers to assess response even in mild disease or young children; the performance of definitive large randomised controlled trials in patients with a common mutation and the development of in vitro testing systems to test efficacy in those patients with rare CFTR mutations. As a result, CF is now an umbrella term, rather than a specific diagnostic label; we have moved from clinical phenotypes to molecular subendotypes. Children's Interstitial Lung Diseases (chILDs) comprise more than 200 entities, and are a diverse group of diseases, for an increasing number of which an underlying gene mutation has been discovered. Many of these entities are umbrella terms, such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, for each of which there are multiple and very different endotypes. Even those chILDs for which a specific gene mutation has been discovered comprise, as with CF, different molecular subendotypes likely mandating different therapies. For most chILDs, current treatment is non-specific (corticosteroids, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine). The variability of the different entities means that there is little evidence for the efficacy of any treatment. This review considers how some of the lessons of the success story of CF are being applied to chILD, thus opening the opportunities for truly personalised medicine in these conditions. Advances in knowledge in the molecular biology of surfactant protein C and Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3), and the possibilities of discovering novel therapies by in vitro studies will especially be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, and Imperial Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Consultant Paediatric Chest Physician, Royal Brompton Hospital, UK.
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Bernardinello N, Griese M, Borie R, Spagnolo P. Emerging Treatments for Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease. Paediatr Drugs 2024; 26:19-30. [PMID: 37948041 PMCID: PMC10770003 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-023-00603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a large and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by diffuse lung parenchymal markings on chest imaging and clinical signs such as dyspnea and hypoxemia from functional impairment. While some children already present in the neonatal period with interstitial lung disease (ILD), others develop ILD during their childhood and adolescence. A timely and accurate diagnosis is essential to gauge treatment and improve prognosis. Supportive care can reduce symptoms and positively influence patients' quality of life; however, there is no cure for many of the chILDs. Current therapeutic options include anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Due to the rarity of the conditions and paucity of research in this field, most treatments are empirical and based on case series, and less than a handful of small, randomized trials have been conducted thus far. A trial on hydroxychloroquine yielded good safety but a much smaller effect size than anticipated. A trial in fibrotic disease with the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib showed similar pharmacokinetics and safety as in adults. The unmet need for the treatment of chILDs remains high. This article summarizes current treatments and explores potential therapeutic options for patients suffering from chILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Bernardinello
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani n°2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphaël Borie
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1152, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de compétences maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani n°2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Peers de Nieuwburgh M, Wambach JA, Griese M, Danhaive O. Towards personalized therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28:101500. [PMID: 38036307 PMCID: PMC10753445 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction are a rare cause of chronic, progressive or refractory respiratory failure in term and preterm infants. This review explores genetic mechanisms underpinning surfactant dysfunction, highlighting specific surfactant-associated genes including SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3, and NKX2.1. Pathogenic variants in these genes contribute to a range of clinical presentations and courses, from neonatal hypoxemic respiratory failure to childhood interstitial lung disease and even adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis. This review emphasizes the importance of early recognition, thorough phenotype assessment, and assessment of variant functionality as essential prerequisites for treatments including lung transplantation. We explore emerging treatment options, including personalized pharmacological approaches and gene therapy strategies. In conclusion, this comprehensive review offers valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction, genetic fundamentals, available and emerging therapeutic options, and underscores the need for further research to develop personalized therapies for affected infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Peers de Nieuwburgh
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jennifer A Wambach
- Washington University School of Medicine/St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Matthias Griese
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University-Hospital, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Neonatology, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Xiong R, Geng B, Jiang W, Hu Y, Hu Z, Hao B, Li N, Geng Q. Histone deacetylase 3 deletion in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:182. [PMID: 37951958 PMCID: PMC10640740 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AT2) is closely associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is an important enzyme that regulates protein stability by modulating the acetylation level of non-histones. Here, we aimed to explore the potential role and regulatory mechanisms associated with HDAC3 in PF. METHODS We quantified HDAC3 expression both in lung tissues from patients with PF and from bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice. HDAC3 was also detected in TGF-β1-treated AT2. The mechanistic activity of HDAC3 in pulmonary fibrosis and EMT was also explored. RESULTS HDAC3 was highly expressed in lung tissues from patients with PF and bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice, especially in AT2. Lung tissues from AT2-specific HDAC3-deficient mice stimulated with BLM showed alleviative fibrosis and EMT. Upstream of HDAC3, TGF-β1/SMAD3 directly promoted HDAC3 transcription. Downstream of HDAC3, we also found that genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of HDAC3 inhibited GATA3 expression at the protein level rather than mRNA. Finally, we found that intraperitoneal administration of RGFP966, a selective inhibitor of HDAC3, could prevent mice from BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and EMT. CONCLUSION TGF-β1/SMAD3 directly promoted the transcription of HDAC3, which aggravated EMT in AT2 and pulmonary fibrosis in mice via deacetylation of GATA3 and inhibition of its degradation. Our results suggest that targeting HDAC3 in AT2 may provide a new therapeutic target for the prevention of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Boxin Geng
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, 430038, China
| | - Wenyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Wuhan Rhegen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Zhaoyu Hu
- Wuhan Rhegen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Yang X, Forstner M, Rapp CK, Rothenaigner I, Li Y, Hadian K, Griese M. ABCA3 Deficiency-Variant-Specific Response to Hydroxychloroquine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098179. [PMID: 37175887 PMCID: PMC10179277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic variants in ABCA3, the gene encoding the lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) that is predominantly expressed in alveolar type II cells, may cause interstitial lung diseases in children (chILD) and adults. Currently, there is no proven therapy, but, frequently, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is used empirically. We hypothesized that the in vitro responsiveness to HCQ might correlate to patients' clinical outcomes from receiving HCQ therapy. The clinical data of the subjects with chILD due to ABCA3 deficiency and treated with HCQ were retrieved from the literature and the Kids Lung Register data base. The in vitro experiments were conducted on wild type (WT) and 16 mutant ABCA3-HA-transfected A549 cells. The responses of the functional read out were assessed as the extent of deviation from the untreated WT. With HCQ treatment, 19 patients had improved or unchanged respiratory conditions, and 20 had respiratory deteriorations, 5 of whom transiently improved then deteriorated. The in vitro ABCA3 functional assays identified two variants with complete response, five with partial response, and nine with no response to HCQ. The variant-specific HCQ effects in vivo closely correlated to the in vitro data. An ABCA3+ vesicle volume above 60% of the WT volume was linked to responsiveness to HCQ; the HCQ treatment response was concentration dependent and differed for variants in vitro. We generated evidence for an ABCA3 variant-dependent impact of the HCQ in vitro. This may also apply for HCQ treatment in vivo, as supported by the retrospective and uncontrolled data from the treatment of chILD due to ABCA3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yang
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, German Center for Lung Research, University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4a, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Forstner
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, German Center for Lung Research, University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4a, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina K Rapp
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, German Center for Lung Research, University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4a, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Rothenaigner
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, German Center for Lung Research, University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4a, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Medical College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, German Center for Lung Research, University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4a, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Towards Treatable Traits for Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081275. [PMID: 36013224 PMCID: PMC9410230 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, of which many have the potential to lead to progressive pulmonary fibrosis. A distinction is usually made between primarily inflammatory ILD and primarily fibrotic ILD. As recent studies show that anti-fibrotic drugs can be beneficial in patients with primarily inflammatory ILD that is characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis, treatment decisions have become more complicated. In this perspective, we propose that the ‘treatable trait’ concept, which is based on the recognition of relevant exposures, various treatable phenotypes (disease manifestations) or endotypes (shared molecular mechanisms) within a group of diseases, can be applied to progressive pulmonary fibrosis. These targets for medical intervention can be identified through validated biomarkers and are not necessarily related to specific diagnostic labels. Proposed treatable traits are: cigarette smoking, occupational, allergen or drug exposures, excessive (profibrotic) auto- or alloimmunity, progressive pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, tuberculosis, exercise intolerance, exertional hypoxia, and anxiety and depression. There are also several potential traits that have not been associated with relevant outcomes or for which no effective treatment is available at present: air pollution, mechanical stress, viral infections, bacterial burden in the lungs, surfactant-related pulmonary fibrosis, telomere-related pulmonary fibrosis, the rs35705950 MUC5B promoter polymorphism, acute exacerbations, gastro-esophageal reflux, dyspnea, and nocturnal hypoxia. The ‘treatable traits’ concept can be applied in new clinical trials for patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis and could be used for developing new treatment strategies.
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Griese M, Kappler M, Stehling F, Schulze J, Baden W, Koerner-Rettberg C, Carlens J, Prenzel F, Nährlich L, Thalmeier A, Sebah D, Kronfeld K, Rock H, Ruckes C, Wetzke M, Seidl E, Schwerk N, Gebhardt J, Mehl A, Lau SG, Philipp U, Kopp M, Stichtenoth G, Sommerburg O, Stahl M, Kitz R, Rietschel C, Stock P, Ahrens F, Hebestreit H, Segerer F, Brinkmann F, Anne S, Eismann C, Neuner D, Witt S, Hengst M, Feilcke M, Babl J, Stauffer G, Nickolay T, Gorbulev S, Anthony G, Stöhr L, Vieweg L, Strenge-Hesse A, Wetzke M, Seidl E, Schwerk N. Randomized controlled phase 2 trial of hydroxychloroquine in childhood interstitial lung disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:289. [PMID: 35871071 PMCID: PMC9308121 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No results of controlled trials are available for any of the few treatments offered to children with interstitial lung diseases (chILD). We evaluated hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in a phase 2, prospective, multicentre, 1:1-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group/crossover trial. HCQ (START arm) or placebo were given for 4 weeks. Then all subjects received HCQ for another 4 weeks. In the STOP arm subjects already taking HCQ were randomized to 12 weeks of HCQ or placebo (= withdrawal of HCQ). Then all subjects stopped treatment and were observed for another 12 weeks. RESULTS 26 subjects were included in the START arm, 9 in the STOP arm, of these four subjects participated in both arms. The primary endpoint, presence or absence of a response to treatment, assessed as oxygenation (calculated from a change in transcutaneous O2-saturation of ≥ 5%, respiratory rate ≥ 20% or level of respiratory support), did not differ between placebo and HCQ groups. Secondary endpoints including change of O2-saturation ≥ 3%, health related quality of life, pulmonary function and 6-min-walk-test distance, were not different between groups. Finally combining all placebo and all HCQ treatment periods did not identify significant treatment effects. Overall effect sizes were small. HCQ was well tolerated, adverse events were not different between placebo and HCQ. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledging important shortcomings of the study, including a small study population, the treatment duration, lack of outcomes like lung function testing below age of 6 years, the small effect size of HCQ treatment observed requires careful reassessments of prescriptions in everyday practice (EudraCT-Nr.: 2013-003714-40, www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu , registered 02.07.2013). Registration The study was registered on 2 July 2013 (Eudra-CT Number: 2013-003714-40), whereas the approval by BfArM was received 24.11.2014, followed by the approval by the lead EC of the University Hospital Munich on 20.01.2015. At clinicaltrials.gov the trial was additionally registered on November 8, 2015 (NCT02615938).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Griese
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Stehling
- grid.410718.b0000 0001 0262 7331Uniklinikum Essen Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Kinderheilkunde III, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulze
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Pneumologie, Allergologie and Mukoviszidose, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Baden
- grid.488549.cUniversitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cordula Koerner-Rettberg
- grid.416438.cUniversitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin im St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 5, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Carlens
- grid.452624.3Department of Paediatric Pneumonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Freerk Prenzel
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin der Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, Haus 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lutz Nährlich
- grid.440517.3Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Thalmeier
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Pharmacy, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Sebah
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Kronfeld
- grid.410607.4IZKS, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Rock
- Central Information Office GmbH, Fronhausen, Bellnhausen, Germany
| | - Christian Ruckes
- grid.410607.4IZKS, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Martin Wetzke
- grid.452624.3Department of Paediatric Pneumonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Elias Seidl
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Schwerk
- grid.452624.3Department of Paediatric Pneumonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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Rogulska J, Wróblewska-Seniuk K, Śmigiel R, Szydłowski J, Szczapa T. Diagnostic Challenges in Neonatal Respiratory Distress-Congenital Surfactant Metabolism Dysfunction Caused by ABCA3 Mutation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051084. [PMID: 35626240 PMCID: PMC9140114 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant is a complex of phospholipids and proteins produced in type II pneumocytes. Its deficiency frequently occurs in preterm infants and causes respiratory distress syndrome. In full-term newborns, its absence results from mutations in the SFTPC, SFTPB, NKX2-1, or ABCA3 genes involved in the surfactant metabolism. ABCA3 encodes ATP-binding cassette, which is responsible for transporting phospholipids in type II pneumocytes. We present a case of a male late preterm newborn with inherited surfactant deficiency in whom we identified the likely pathogenic c.604G>A variant in one allele and splice region/intron variant c.4036-3C>G of uncertain significance in the second allele of ABCA3. These variants were observed in trans configuration. We discuss the diagnostic challenges and the management options. Although invasive treatment was introduced, only temporary improvement was observed. We want to raise awareness about congenital surfactant deficiency as a rare cause of respiratory failure in term newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rogulska
- II Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Chair of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Wróblewska-Seniuk
- II Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Chair of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-607-393-463 or +48-61-659-90-95
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Family and Paediatric Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-996 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Szydłowski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Szczapa
- II Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Chair of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.); (T.S.)
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Wambach JA, Nogee LM, Cole FS. First Steps toward Personalized Therapies for ABCA3 Deficiency. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:349-350. [PMID: 35077664 PMCID: PMC8990116 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0405ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wambach
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatric Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lawrence M Nogee
- Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatric Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri
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