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Raftery RM, Gonzalez Vazquez AG, Walsh DP, Chen G, Laiva AL, Keogh MB, O'Brien FJ. Mobilizing Endogenous Progenitor Cells Using pSDF1α-Activated Scaffolds Accelerates Angiogenesis and Bone Repair in Critical-Sized Bone Defects. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401031. [PMID: 38850118 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Mobilizing endogenous progenitor cells to repair damaged tissue in situ has the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine, while the early establishment of a vascular network will ensure survival of newly generated tissue. In this study, a gene-activated scaffold containing a stromal derived factor 1α plasmid (pSDF1α), a pro-angiogenic gene that is also thought to be involved in the recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to sites of injury is described. It is shown that over-expression of SDF1α protein enhanced MSC recruitment and induced vessel-like structure formation by endothelial cells in vitro. When implanted subcutaneously, transcriptomic analysis reveals that endogenous MSCs are recruited and significant angiogenesis is stimulated. Just 1-week after implantation into a calvarial critical-sized bone defect, pSDF1α-activated scaffolds are recruited MSCs and rapidly activate angiogenic and osteogenic programs, upregulating Runx2, Dlx5, and Sp7. At the same time-point, pVEGF-activated scaffolds are recruited a variety of cell types, activating endochondral ossification. The early response induced by both scaffolds leads to complete bridging of the critical-sized bone defects within 4-weeks. The versatile cell-free gene-activated scaffold described in this study is capable of harnessing and enhancing the body's own regenerative capacity and has immense potential in a myriad of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- iEd Hub and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 CY82, Ireland
| | - Arlyng G Gonzalez Vazquez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - David P Walsh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Translational Research in Nanomedical Devices, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Microsurgical Research and Training Facility (MRTF), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ashang L Laiva
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Tisse Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Michael B Keogh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Tisse Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
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Quek J, Vizetto-Duarte C, Teoh SH, Choo Y. Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:145. [PMID: 38921519 PMCID: PMC11205181 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The management and reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects remain a major clinical challenge for orthopaedic clinicians and surgeons. In particular, regenerative medicine approaches that involve incorporating stem cells within tissue engineering scaffolds have great promise for fracture management. This narrative review focuses on the primary components of bone tissue engineering-stem cells, scaffolds, the microenvironment, and vascularisation-addressing current advances and translational and regulatory challenges in the current landscape of stem cell therapy for critical-sized bone defects. To comprehensively explore this research area and offer insights for future treatment options in orthopaedic surgery, we have examined the latest developments and advancements in bone tissue engineering, focusing on those of clinical relevance in recent years. Finally, we present a forward-looking perspective on using stem cells in bone tissue engineering for critical-sized segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Quek
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- Centre for Advanced Medical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yen Choo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
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Slavin BV, Mirsky NA, Stauber ZM, Nayak VV, Smay JE, Rivera CF, Mijares DQ, Coelho PG, Cronstein BN, Tovar N, Witek L. 3D printed β-tricalcium phosphate versus synthetic bone mineral scaffolds: A comparative in vitro study of biocompatibility. Biomed Mater Eng 2024; 35:365-375. [PMID: 38578877 DOI: 10.3233/bme-230214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbonate hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions known to facilitate bone healing. However, its efficacy as a 3D printed scaffold for hard tissue defect repair has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biocompatibility and cell viability of human osteoprecursor (hOP) cells seeded on 3D printed SBM scaffolds via in vitro analysis. METHODS SBM and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing and sintered at various temperatures. Scaffolds were then subject to qualitative cytotoxicity testing and cell proliferation experiments utilizing (hOP) cells. RESULTS SBM scaffolds sintered at lower temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) induced greater levels of acute cellular stress. At higher sintering temperatures (1100 °C), SBM scaffolds showed inferior cellular viability relative to β-TCP scaffolds sintered to the same temperature (1100 °C). However, qualitative analysis suggested that β-TCP presented no evidence of morphological change, while SBM 1100 °C showed few instances of acute cellular stress. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate SBM may be a promising alternative to β-TCP for potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaire V Slavin
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James E Smay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Cristobal F Rivera
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dindo Q Mijares
- Biomaterials Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Tovar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Langone Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Gu L, Song X, Huang Y, Wang X, Chen C, Chen L, Sun L. Comparison of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes, Microvesicles, and Soluble Proteins on Their Chondroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Efficacy of Osteoarthritis Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As a disabling joint disorder, osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is considered and used as a tool that is regulated by paracrine for the treatment of OA. Herein, we explored the potential of exosomes
(Exos), microvesicles (MVs), and soluble proteins (SPs) produced and isolated from rat BMSCs. First, we observed the biological effects of Exos, MVs, and SPs on IL-1β treated rat chondrocytes. Then, we intra-articularly injected Exos, MVs, SPs, and BMSCs in anterior cruciate ligament
transection (ACLT)-induced rat OA model, and observed their therapeutic efficacy. SPs rather than Exos and MVs isolated from rat BMSCs exerted a chondroprotective effect in vitro; MVs and SPs showed comparable effects to the intra-articular injection of BMSCs, whereas the chondroprotective
effects of Exos were less potent in vivo. In conclusion, the BMSCs secretome might have inconsistent effects in vivo with in vitro, and Exos might not be superior than other secretome in posttraumatic OA prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Gu
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Long Chen
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li Sun
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Zha K, Tian Y, Panayi AC, Mi B, Liu G. Recent Advances in Enhancement Strategies for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824812. [PMID: 35281084 PMCID: PMC8904963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone is an organ that displays potential for self-healing after damage, bone regeneration does not occur properly in some cases, and it is still a challenge to treat large bone defects. The development of bone tissue engineering provides a new approach to the treatment of bone defects. Among various cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent one of the most promising seed cells in bone tissue engineering due to their functions of osteogenic differentiation, immunomodulation, and secretion of cytokines. Regulation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has become an area of extensive research over the past few years. This review provides an overview of recent research progress on enhancement strategies for MSC osteogenesis, including improvement in methods of cell origin selection, culture conditions, biophysical stimulation, crosstalk with macrophages and endothelial cells, and scaffolds. This is favorable for further understanding MSC osteogenesis and the development of MSC-based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Department of Military Patient Management, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
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Najar M, Melki R, Khalife F, Lagneaux L, Bouhtit F, Moussa Agha D, Fahmi H, Lewalle P, Fayyad-Kazan M, Merimi M. Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Value, Challenges and Optimization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:716853. [PMID: 35096805 PMCID: PMC8795900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy aims to replace damaged resident cells by restoring cellular and molecular environments suitable for tissue repair and regeneration. Among several candidates, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a critical component of stromal niches known to be involved in tissue homeostasis. In vitro, MSCs appear as fibroblast-like plastic adherent cells regardless of the tissue source. The therapeutic value of MSCs is being explored in several conditions, including immunological, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, as well as cancer. An improved understanding of their origin and function would facilitate their clinical use. The stemness of MSCs is still debated and requires further study. Several terms have been used to designate MSCs, although consensual nomenclature has yet to be determined. The presence of distinct markers may facilitate the identification and isolation of specific subpopulations of MSCs. Regarding their therapeutic properties, the mechanisms underlying their immune and trophic effects imply the secretion of various mediators rather than direct cellular contact. These mediators can be packaged in extracellular vesicles, thus paving the way to exploit therapeutic cell-free products derived from MSCs. Of importance, the function of MSCs and their secretome are significantly sensitive to their environment. Several features, such as culture conditions, delivery method, therapeutic dose and the immunobiology of MSCs, may influence their clinical outcomes. In this review, we will summarize recent findings related to MSC properties. We will also discuss the main preclinical and clinical challenges that may influence the therapeutic value of MSCs and discuss some optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rahma Melki
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ferial Khalife
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Bouhtit
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Douaa Moussa Agha
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Makram Merimi
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
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7
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Shafiee S, Shariatzadeh S, Zafari A, Majd A, Niknejad H. Recent Advances on Cell-Based Co-Culture Strategies for Prevascularization in Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:745314. [PMID: 34900955 PMCID: PMC8655789 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.745314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the fabrication of a functional vascular network to maintain the viability of engineered tissues is a major bottleneck in the way of developing a more advanced engineered construct. Inspired by vasculogenesis during the embryonic period, the in vitro prevascularization strategies have focused on optimizing communications and interactions of cells, biomaterial and culture conditions to develop a capillary-like network to tackle the aforementioned issue. Many of these studies employ a combination of endothelial lineage cells and supporting cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and perivascular cells to create a lumenized endothelial network. These supporting cells are necessary for the stabilization of the newly developed endothelial network. Moreover, to optimize endothelial network development without impairing biomechanical properties of scaffolds or differentiation of target tissue cells, several other factors, including target tissue, endothelial cell origins, the choice of supporting cell, culture condition, incorporated pro-angiogenic factors, and choice of biomaterial must be taken into account. The prevascularization method can also influence the endothelial lineage cell/supporting cell co-culture system to vascularize the bioengineered constructs. This review aims to investigate the recent advances on standard cells used in in vitro prevascularization methods, their co-culture systems, and conditions in which they form an organized and functional vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Majd
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Murab S, Hawk T, Snyder A, Herold S, Totapally M, Whitlock PW. Tissue Engineering Strategies for Treating Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:200. [PMID: 34940353 PMCID: PMC8699035 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head commonly leads to symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip. In older patients, hip replacement is a viable option that restores the hip biomechanics and improves pain but in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients hip replacements impose significant activity limitations and the need for multiple revision surgeries with increasing risk of complication. Early detection of AVN requires a high level of suspicion as diagnostic techniques such as X-rays are not sensitive in the early stages of the disease. There are multiple etiologies that can lead to this disease. In the pediatric and adolescent population, trauma is a commonly recognized cause of AVN. The understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is limited, adding to the challenge of devising a clinically effective treatment strategy. Surgical techniques to prevent progression of the disease and avoid total hip replacement include core decompression, vascular grafts, and use of bone-marrow derived stem cells with or without adjuncts, such as bisphosphonates and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), all of which are partially effective only in the very early stages of the disease. Further, these strategies often only improve pain and range of motion in the short-term in some patients and do not predictably prevent progression of the disease. Tissue engineering strategies with the combined use of biomaterials, stem cells and growth factors offer a potential strategy to avoid metallic implants and surgery. Structural, bioactive biomaterial platforms could help in stabilizing the femoral head while inducing osteogenic differentiation to regenerate bone and provide angiogenic cues to concomitantly recover vasculature in the femoral head. Moreover, injectable systems that can be delivered using a minimal invasive procedure and provide mechanical support the collapsing femoral head could potentially alleviate the need for surgical interventions in the future. The present review describes the limitations of existing surgical methods and the recent advances in tissue engineering that are leading in the direction of a clinically effective, translational solution for AVN in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Murab
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Teresa Hawk
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Alexander Snyder
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Sydney Herold
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Meghana Totapally
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Patrick W. Whitlock
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.H.); (A.S.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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9
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Zheng D, Yin J, Han L, Gui J. Arthroscopic Two-Point Suture Bridge Fixation Technique for the Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion Fractures. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to present and evaluate a new arthroscopic technique that uses two-point suture fixation for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fractures. A total of 15 patients diagnosed with ACL tibial avulsion fracture underwent arthroscopic suture fixation from November
2018 to October 2019 and were treated using two-point suture fixation. The patients were followed up and evaluated according to Lysholm scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores, Tegner activity level scales, anterior drawer testing, and KT-1000 arthrometer
testing. The mean follow-up period was 18 months (12 to 24). All patients had a negative Lachman test and anterior drawer test at final follow-up and showed the radiological union of avulsion fracture at 12-week postoperative radiograph. The Lysholm score improved significantly postoperatively
with a mean score of 94.26±3.63 (87 to 98; p < 0.001). The Tegner score improved significantly postoperatively from 3.61 ±1.37 to 7.14±1.51 (P < 0.001). The KT-1000 measured value decreased significantly postoperatively from 7.3±1.5 to 1.4 ±1.2
(P < 0.001). The IKDC category was abnormal or severely abnormal preoperatively, and all patients improved to normal or nearly normal at final follow-up. Arthroscopic treatment using the two-point suture fixation technique is effective for ACL avulsion fracture and can restore the
function and stability of the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianjian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Long Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianchao Gui
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, PR China
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10
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Jamalpoor Z, Taromi N. Pre-vascularization of biomimetic 3-D scaffolds via direct co-culture of human umbilical cord derived osteogenic and angiogenic progenitor cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Xu HZ, Su JS. Restoration of critical defects in the rabbit mandible using osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells co-cultured with vascular stent-loaded nano-composite scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104831. [PMID: 34555626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The success of large bone defect repair with tissue engineering technology depends mainly on angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we prepared poly-caprolactone/nano-hydroxyapatite/beta-calcium phosphate (PCL/nHA/β-TCP) composite scaffolds loaded with poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/heparin sodium (PLGA/nHA/Col/HS) nanofiber small vascular stent by electrospinning and hot press forming-particle leaching methods. Supramolecular electrostatic self-assembly technology was used to modify the surfaces of small vascular stents to aid in hydrophilicity and anticoagulation. The surfaces of composite scaffolds were modified with an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) short peptide by physical adsorption to supply cell adhesion sites. The scaffolds were then combined with rabbit bone marrow-derived osteoblasts (OBs) and rabbit bone marrow-derived vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) to construct large, biologically active vascularized tissue-engineered bone in vitro; this bone was then used to repair critical bone defects in rabbit mandibles. Mechanical and biocompatibility testing results showed that PCL/nHA/β-TCP composite scaffolds loaded with small vascular stents had good surface structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bone-regeneration induction potential. Twelve weeks after implantation, histological analysis and X-ray scans showed that the use of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells co-cultured with PCL/nHA/β-TCP scaffolds was sufficient to repair critical defects in rabbit mandibles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhen Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sheng Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Chen L, Luo W, Wang Y, Song X, Li S, Wu J, Sun L. Directional homing of glycosylation-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for bone defect repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:228. [PMID: 34332597 PMCID: PMC8325817 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the greatest challenges for tissue-engineered bone is the low survival rate of locally grafted cells. The cell homing technology can effectively increase the number of these grafted cells, therefore, enhancing the repair of bone defects. Here we explore the effect of fucosylation modification on the directional homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their ability to repair bone defects. RESULTS Glycosylated BMSCs expressed high levels of the Sialyl Lewis-X (sLeX) antigen, which enabled the cells to efficiently bind to E- and P-selectins and to home to bone defect sites in vivo. Micro-CT and histological staining results confirmed that mice injected with FuT7-BMSCs showed an improved repair of bone defects compared to unmodified BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS The glycosylation modification of BMSCs has significantly enhanced their directional homing ability to bone defect sites, therefore, promoting bone repair. Our results suggest that glycosylation-modified BMSCs can be used as the source of the cells for the tissue-engineered bone and provide a new approach for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Senlei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wang H, Xu Z, Li Q, Wu J. Application of metal-based biomaterials in wound repair. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Lyu J, Chen L, Zhang J, Kang X, Wang Y, Wu W, Tang H, Wu J, He Z, Tang K. A microfluidics-derived growth factor gradient in a scaffold regulates stem cell activities for tendon-to-bone interface healing. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3649-3663. [PMID: 32458839 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of tendon-to-bone interface injury has long been challenging in sports medicine. The major obstacle lies with the complicated three-layer structure of the tissue that consists of a bone region with osteocytes, a tendon region with tenocytes and a transitional region with chondrocytes. Conventional tissue engineering approaches using simply biomaterial scaffolds, stem cells and combinations of them had limited abilities to reconstruct the gradient structure with normal biomechanical properties. We herein aim to construct a three-layer structure with bone marrow-derived stem cells and tendon stem cells cultured in a decellularized tendon scaffold, through application of a gradient of biological cues in the longitudinal direction of the scaffold that guides the stem cells to differentiate and remodel the extracellular matrix in response to different medium concentrations in different regions. A microfluidic chip, on which a tree-like flow pattern was implemented, was adopted to create the concentration gradient in a dichotomous manner. We screened for an optimized seeding ratio between the two stem cell types before incubation of the scaffold in the medium concentration gradient and surgical implantation. Histology and immunohistochemistry assessments, both qualitatively and semi-quantitatively, showed that the microfluidic system provided desired guidance to the seeded stem cells that the healing at 8-week post-implantation presented a similar structure to that of a normal tendon-to-bone interface, which was outstanding compared to treatments without gradient guidance, stem cells or scaffolds where chaotic and fibrotic structures were obtained. This strategy offers a potentially translational tissue engineering approach for better outcomes in tendon-to-bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Lyu
- Center of Sports Medicine of Orthopaedic Department, Southwest hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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15
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Kong L, Zuo R, Wang M, Wang W, Xu J, Chai Y, Guan J, Kang Q. Silencing MicroRNA-137-3p, which Targets RUNX2 and CXCL12 Prevents Steroid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head by Facilitating Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:655-670. [PMID: 32025213 PMCID: PMC6990928 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) includes decreased osteogenic capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and damaged blood supply to the femoral head. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play prominent roles in SONFH development. However, there is no report that a specific miRNA targeting two genes in two different pathogenic pathways has been applied to this disease. The present study investigated the effects of transplantation of miR-137-3p-silenced BMSCs on the prevention and early treatment of SONFH. First, western blotting and dual luciferase assays were employed to verify that miR-137-3p directly targets Runx2 and CXCL12. Then, silencing of miR-137-3p was found to facilitate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining and qRT-PCR. Silencing of miR-137-3p also promoted angiogenesis by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the presence or absence of glucocorticoids. Thereafter, overexpression of Runx2 and CXCL12 without the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) partially rescued the effects of miR-137-3p on osteogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively. This finding further supported the hypothesis that miR-137-3p exerts its functions partly by regulating the genes, Runx2 and CXCL12. We also demonstrated that SONFH was partially prevented by transplantation of miR-137-3p-silenced BMSCs into a rat model. Micro-CT and histology showed that the transplantation of miR-137-3p-silenced BMSCs significantly improved bone regeneration. Additionally, the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and flow cytometry suggested that stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participated in the process of vascular repair. Taken together, these findings show that silencing of miR-137-3p directly targets the genes, Runx2 and CXCL12, which can play critical roles in SONFH repair by facilitating osteogenic differentiation and mobilizing EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Rongtai Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Guan
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Chitlac-coated Thermosets Enhance Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in a Co-culture of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9070928. [PMID: 31252684 PMCID: PMC6669739 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a population of stem cells which could be useful in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. They are part of the periendothelial niche, where their crosstalk with endothelial cells is crucial in the cellular response to biomaterials used for dental restorations. DPSCs and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926 were co-cultured in the presence of Chitlac-coated thermosets in culture conditions inducing, in turn, osteogenic or angiogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl-]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. DPSC differentiation was assessed by measuring Alkaline Phosphtase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining, while the formation of new vessels was monitored by optical microscopy. The IL-6 and PGE2 production was evaluated as well. When cultured together, the proliferation is increased, as is the DPSC osteogenic differentiation and EA.hy926 vessel formation. The presence of thermosets appears either not to disturb the system balance or even to improve the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation. Chitlac-coated thermosets confirm their biocompatibility in the present co-culture model, being capable of improving the differentiation of both cell types. Furthermore, the assessed co-culture appears to be a useful tool to investigate cell response toward newly synthesized or commercially available biomaterials, as well as to evaluate their engraftment potential in restorative dentistry.
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