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Ghoshani M, Mozaffari M, Acet M, Hosseini M, Vashaee D. Exploring the Enhancement of Exchange Bias in Innovative Core/Shell/Shell Structures: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Co-Oxide/Co and Co-Oxide/Co/Co-Oxide Inverted Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:880. [PMID: 36903758 PMCID: PMC10005359 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the enhancement of exchange bias in core/shell/shell structures by synthesizing single inverted core/shell (Co-oxide/Co) and core/shell/shell (Co-oxide/Co/Co-oxide) nanostructures through a two-step reduction and oxidation method. We evaluate the magnetic properties of the structures and study the effect of shell thickness on the exchange bias by synthesizing various shell thicknesses of Co-oxide/Co/Co-oxide nanostructures. The extra exchange coupling formed at the shell-shell interface in the core/shell/shell structure leads to a remarkable increase in the coercivity and the strength of the exchange bias by three and four orders, respectively. The strongest exchange bias is achieved for the sample comprising the thinnest outer Co-oxide shell. Despite the general declining trend of the exchange bias with Co-oxide shell thickness, we also observe a nonmonotonic behavior in which the exchange bias oscillates slightly as the shell thickness increases. This phenomenon is ascribed to the dependence of the antiferromagnetic outer shell thickness variation at the expense of the simultaneous opposite variation in the ferromagnetic inner shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Ghoshani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Morteza Mozaffari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mehmet Acet
- Faculty of Physics and CENIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Mahshid Hosseini
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Daryoosh Vashaee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Kolhatkar A, Chen YT, Chinwangso P, Nekrashevich I, Dannangoda GC, Singh A, Jamison AC, Zenasni O, Rusakova IA, Martirosyan KS, Litvinov D, Xu S, Willson RC, Lee TR. Magnetic Sensing Potential of Fe 3O 4 Nanocubes Exceeds That of Fe 3O 4 Nanospheres. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8010-8019. [PMID: 29214234 PMCID: PMC5709776 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper highlights the relation between the shape of iron oxide (Fe3O4) particles and their magnetic sensing ability. We synthesized Fe3O4 nanocubes and nanospheres having tunable sizes via solvothermal and thermal decomposition synthesis reactions, respectively, to obtain samples in which the volumes and body diagonals/diameters were equivalent. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) data showed that the saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity of 100-225 nm cubic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were, respectively, 1.4-3.0 and 1.1-8.4 times those of spherical MNPs on a same-volume and same-body diagonal/diameter basis. The Curie temperature for the cubic Fe3O4 MNPs for each size was also higher than that of the corresponding spherical MNPs; furthermore, the cubic Fe3O4 MNPs were more crystalline than the corresponding spherical MNPs. For applications relying on both higher contact area and enhanced magnetic properties, higher-Ms Fe3O4 nanocubes offer distinct advantages over Fe3O4 nanospheres of the same-volume or same-body diagonal/diameter. We evaluated the sensing potential of our synthesized MNPs using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensing and force-induced remnant magnetization spectroscopy (FIRMS). Preliminary data obtained by GMR sensing confirmed that the nanocubes exhibited a distinct sensitivity advantage over the nanospheres. Similarly, FIRMS data showed that when subjected to the same force at the same initial concentration, a greater number of nanocubes remained bound to the sensor surface because of higher surface contact area. Because greater binding and higher Ms translate to stronger signal and better analytical sensitivity, nanocubes are an attractive alternative to nanospheres in sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati
G. Kolhatkar
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Pawilai Chinwangso
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Ivan Nekrashevich
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Gamage C. Dannangoda
- Department
of Physics, University of Texas Rio Grande
Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
| | - Ankit Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Andrew C. Jamison
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Oussama Zenasni
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Irene A. Rusakova
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Karen S. Martirosyan
- Department
of Physics, University of Texas Rio Grande
Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
- E-mail: (K.S.M.)
| | - Dmitri Litvinov
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
- E-mail: (D.L.)
| | - Shoujun Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
- E-mail: (S.X.)
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
- E-mail: (R.C.W)
| | - T. Randall Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of
Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
- E-mail: (T.R.L.)
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Tuning the magnetic properties of nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15977-6009. [PMID: 23912237 PMCID: PMC3759896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tremendous interest in magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is reflected in published research that ranges from novel methods of synthesis of unique nanoparticle shapes and composite structures to a large number of MNP characterization techniques, and finally to their use in many biomedical and nanotechnology-based applications. The knowledge gained from this vast body of research can be made more useful if we organize the associated results to correlate key magnetic properties with the parameters that influence them. Tuning these properties of MNPs will allow us to tailor nanoparticles for specific applications, thus increasing their effectiveness. The complex magnetic behavior exhibited by MNPs is governed by many factors; these factors can either improve or adversely affect the desired magnetic properties. In this report, we have outlined a matrix of parameters that can be varied to tune the magnetic properties of nanoparticles. For practical utility, this review focuses on the effect of size, shape, composition, and shell-core structure on saturation magnetization, coercivity, blocking temperature, and relaxation time.
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Athar T, Hakeem A, Topnani N, Hashmi A. Wet Synthesis of Monodisperse Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/691032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafine and monodispersable colloidal cobalt oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized quantitatively via soft chemical approach with controlled particle size and microstructural properties for their use in technological applications. The particle size, shape, and other microstructural properties are directly influenced by their reaction conditions. The FT-IR studies give information for phase purity, and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy helps to study the optical properties. Thermal analysis gives the information about thermal stability. With the help of X-ray diffraction pattern, the size of the particle was calculated. An electron microscope studies help in morphological characterization, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method gives information about surface area. Cobalt oxide nanoparticle tends to orient itself with its narrow size distribution having a crystal size around 50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimur Athar
- Organic III, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500-007, India
| | - Abdul Hakeem
- Organic III, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500-007, India
| | - Neha Topnani
- Organic III, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500-007, India
| | - Ameed Hashmi
- Organic III, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500-007, India
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Zhou SM, Lou SY, Wang YQ, Chen XL, Liu LS, Yuan HL. Wet chemical synthesis and magnetic properties of single crystal Co nanochains with surface amorphous passivation Co layers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:285. [PMID: 21711838 PMCID: PMC3211350 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
: In this study, for the first time, high-yield chain-like one-dimensional (1D) Co nanostructures without any impurity have been produced by means of a solution dispersion approach under permanent-magnet. Size, morphology, component, and structure of the as-made samples have been confirmed by several techniques, and nanochains (NCs) with diameter of approximately 60 nm consisting of single-crystalline Co and amorphous Co-capped layer (about 3 nm) have been materialized. The as-synthesized Co samples do not include any other adulterants. The high-quality NC growth mechanism is proposed to be driven by magnetostatic interaction because NC can be reorganized under a weak magnetic field. Room-temperature-enhanced coercivity of NCs was observed, which is considered to have potential applications in spin filtering, high density magnetic recording, and nanosensors. PACS: 61.46.Df; 75.50; 81.07.Vb; 81.07.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Min Zhou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yun Lou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Liang Chen
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Yuan
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
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